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DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.

Sc (IT)
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PRACTICAL NO. 1

Q) WRITE A SCILAB PROGRAM TO STUDY AND IMPLEMENT DISCRETE TIME SIGNAL AND
SYSTEM.

A. Unit Step Sequence

clear;clc;close;
L=4;
n=-L:L;
x=[zeros(1,L),ones(1,L+1)];
a=gca();
a.thickness=2;
a.y_location="middle";
plot2d3(n,x);
xtitle('Graphical Representation Of Unit Step Sequence','n','x[n]');

OUTPUT:


DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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B. Unit Ramp Sequence

clear;clc;close;
L=4;
n=-L:L;
x=[zeros(1,L),0:L];
a=gca();
a.thickness=2;
a.y_location="middle";
plot2d3(n,x)
xtitle('Graphical Representation Of Unit Ramp Signal','n','x[n]');

OUTPUT:


C. Exponential Sequence

clear;clc;close;
a=1.5;
n=1:10;
x=(a)^n;
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a=gca();
a.thickness=2;
plot2d3(n,x);
xtitle('Graphical Representation Of Exponential Signal','n','x[n]');

OUTPUT:


D. Exponential Increasing Sequence

clear;clc;close;
a=-1.5;
n=0:10;
x=(a)^n;
a=gca();
a.thickness=2;
a.y_location="origin";
a.x_location="origin";
plot2d3(n,x);
xtitle('Graphical Representation Of Exponential Increasing Signal','n','x[n]');

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OUTPUT:


E. Exponential Decreasing Sequence

clear;clc;close;
a=0.5;
n=0:10;
x=(a)^n;
a=gca();
a.thickness=2;
a.x_location="origin";
plot2d3(n,x);
xtitle('Graphical Representation Of Exponential Decreasing Signal','n','x[n]');



OUTPUT:
DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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F. Even Signals

clear;clc;close;
n=-7:7;
x1=[0 0 0 1 2 3 4];
x=[x1,5,x1(length(x1):-1:1)];
a=gca();
a.thickness=2;
a.y_location="middle";
plot2d3(n,x)
xtitle('Graphical Representation Of Even Signal','n','x[n]');



OUTPUT:
DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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G. Odd Signal

clear;clc;close;
n=-5:5;
X1=[0 1 2 3 4 5];
x=[-X1($:-1:2),X1];
a=gca();
a.thickness=2;
a.y_location="middle";
a.x_location="middle";
plot2d3(n,x);
xtitle('Graphical Representation Of The Odd Signal','n','x[n]');




OUTPUT:
DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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PRACTICAL NO. 2

Q) WRITE A SCILAB PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT Z-TRANSFORMS.

A. Z-Transform Of Finite Duration Signals

clear; clc; close;
function[ztransfer]=ztransfer_new(sequence,n)
z=poly(0,'z','r')
ztransfer=sequence*(1/z)^n'
endfunction

x1=[1,2,5,7,0,1];
n1=0:length(x1)-1;
X1=ztransfer_new(x1,n1)
disp(X1,"ans=X1")

x2=[1,2,5,7,0,1];
n2=-2:3;
X2=ztransfer_new(x2,n2)
disp(X2,"ans=X2")

x3=[0,0,1,2,5,7,0,1];
n3=0:length(x3)-1;
X3=ztransfer_new(x3,n3)
disp(X3,"ans=X3")

x4=[2,4,5,7,0,1];d
n4=-2:3;
X4=ztransfer_new(x4,n4)
disp(X4,"ans=X4");

x5=[1,0,0];
n5=0:length(x5)-1;
X5=ztransfer_new(x5,n5)
disp(X5,"ans=X5");
x6=[0,0,0,1];
n6=0:length(x6)-1;
X6=ztransfer_new(x6,n6)
disp(X6,"ans=X6");

DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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x7=[1,0,0,0];
n7=-3:0;
X7=ztransfer_new(x7,n7)
disp(X7,"ans=X7");

OUTPUT:



























B. Time Shifting Property Of Z-Transform

clear;clc;close;


function[ztransfer]=ztransfer_new(sequence,n)
z=poly(0,'z','r')
ztransfer=sequence*(1/z)^n'
DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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endfunction

x1=[1,2,5,7,0,1];
n1=0:length(x1)-1;
X1=ztransfer_new(x1,n1)
disp(X1,"ans=X1")

n2=0-2:length(x1)-1-2;
X2=ztransfer_new(x1,n2)
disp(X2,"ans=X2")

n3=0+2:length(x1)-1+2;
X3=ztransfer_new(x1,n3)
disp(X3,"ans=X3")

OUTPUT:




DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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ABHISHEK J. PANDEY
1343038

PRACTICAL NO. 3

Q) WRITE A SCILAB PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE CONVOLUTION PROPERTY.

clear all; clc; close;
function [ztransfer] = ztransfer_new(sequence,n)
z=poly(0,'z','r')
ztransfer=sequence*(1/z)^n';
endfunction
x1=[1,-2,1];
n1=0:length(x1)-1;
X1=ztransfer_new(x1,n1);
disp(X1,'Ans Of X1 :');
x2=[1,1,1,1,1,1];
n2=0:length(x2)-1;
X2=ztransfer_new(x2,n2);
disp(X2,'Ans Of X2 :');
x=X1*X2;
disp(x,'Ans Of Convolotion Is :')
OUTPUT

DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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LINEAR CONVOLUTION:

clc; clear; xdel(winsid())
x=input("Enter The First Sequence");
h=input("Enter The Second Sequence");
y=convol(x,h);
plot2d3(y)
a=gca();
a.x_location="origin";
xlabel("time ");
ylabel("Amplitude ");
title("Linear convoloution");

OUTPUT




DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION:

clc;clear;xdel(winsid());

g=input("1 sequence");
h=input("2 sequence");
N1=max(size(g));
N2=max(size(h));
N=max(N1,N2);
N3=N1-N2;

if N3>=0 then
h=[h,zeros(1,N3)];
else
g=[g,zeros(1,-N3)];
end;

for n=1:N
y(1,n)=0;
for i=1:N
j=n-i+1;
if j<=0 then
j=N+j;
end;
end;
y(n)=[y(n)+g(i)*h(j)];
plot2d3('gnn',y)
end;




OUTPUT:
DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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PRACTICAL NO. 4

Q) WRITE A SCILAB PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE CRRELATION PROPERTY.

clc;clear;xdel(winsid());
x=input("ENTER THE REFERENCE SEQUENCE");
y=input("ENTER THE SECOND SEQUENCE");
n1=max(size(y))-1;
n2=max(size(x))-1;
r=corr(x,y,n1);
plot2d3(r);
a=gca()
a.x_location="origin"

OUTPUT:




DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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ABHISHEK J. PANDEY
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PRACTICAL NO. 5

WRITE A SCILAB PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF FIRST ORDER
DIFFERENCE EQUATION.

clear all;clc;close;

a=input('ENTER THE CONSTANT VALUE OF FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION');
b=1-a;
n=0:50;
h=b*(a.*n);
K=500;
k=0:1:K;
w=%pi*k/K;
H=h*exp(-sqrt(-1)*n'*w);
[Phase_H,m]=phasemag(H);
H=real(H);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot2d(w/%pi,H)
xlabel('FREQUENCY IN RADIANS');
ylabel('abs(H)')
title('MAGNITUDE RESPONSE');

subplot(2,1,2);
plot2d(w/%pi,Phase_H)
xlabel('FREQUENCY IN RADIANS');
ylabel('<(H)')
title('PHASE RESPONSE');





OUTPUT:
DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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PRACTICAL NO. 6

Q) WRITE A SCILAB PROGRAM TO
A. DETERMINE N-POINT DFT
B. FIND DFT AND IDFT OF THE GIVEN SEQUENCE

A.DETERMINE N-POINT DFT

clear all;clc;close;

L=10;
N=10;
for n=0:L-1
x(n+1)=1;
end

X=dft(x,-1)
x_inv=abs(dft(X,1))
n=0:L-1;
K=500;
k=0:1:K;
w=2*%pi*k/K;
X_W=x*exp(-sqrt(-1)*n'*w)
Mag_X=abs(X_W);
Phase_X=atan(imag(X_W),real(X_W))

subplot(2,1,1)
plot2d(w,Mag_X)
xlabel('Frequency in radians')
ylabel('abs(X)')
title('Magnitude Response')

subplot(2,1,2)
plot2d(w,Phase_X)
xlabel('Frequency in radian')
ylabel('<(X)')
title('Phase Response')
OUTPUT:
DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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B.FIND DFT AND IDFT OF THE GIVEN SEQUENCE

2-PINT DFT AND IDFT
clear;clc;close;
L=2;
N=2;
x=[1,1];
X=dft(x, -1)
plot(X)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('DFT')
x_inv=real(dft(x,1))
figure
plot(x_inv)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('IDFT')

OUTPUT:

DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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4-PINT DFT AND IDFT

clear;clc;close;
L=4;
N=4;
x=[1,1,0,0];
X=dft(x, -1)
plot(X)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('DFT')
x_inv=real(dft(x`1,1))
figure
plot(x_inv)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('DFT')



DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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OUTPUT:




DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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PRACTICAL NO. 7

Q ) WRITE A SCILAB PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT CIRCULAR CONVOLUTION USING DFT.

clear;clc;close;

L=4;
N=4;
x1=[2,1,2,1]
x2=[1,2,3,4]

x1=dft(x1,-1)
disp(x1);
subplot(2,2,1)
plot(x1)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('X1')

x2=dft(x2,-1)
disp(x2)
subplot(2,2,2)
plot(x2)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('X2')

x3=x1.*x2
disp(x3)
subplot(2,2,3)
plot(x3)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('X3')
x4=abs(dft(x3,-1))
disp(x4)
subplot(2,2,4)
plot(x4)
xlabel('Time')
ylabel('Amplitude')
title('X4')
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OUTPUT:




DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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PRACTICAL NO. 8

Q) WRITE A SCILAB PROGRAM TO PERFORM LINEAR FILTERING
(Linear Convolution Using DFT).

clear;clc;

h=[1,2,3]
x=[1,2,2,1]

N1=length(x);
N2=length(h);

N=N1+N2-1;
h1=[h,zeros(1,8-N2)]
x1=[x,zeros(1,8-N1)]

H=dft(h1,-1)
X=dft(x1,-1)

Y=X.*H
y=abs(dft(Y,1))

for i=1:8
if(abs(H(i))<0.0001)
H(i)=0;
end

if(abs(X(i))<0.0001)
X(i)=0;
end

if(abs(y(i))<0.0001)
y(i)=0;
end
end
disp(X,'X=');
disp(H,'H=');
disp(y,'Output Response Using Convolution Function')
y=convol(x,h)
disp(y);
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PRACTICAL NO. 9
Q) WRITE SCILAB PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT/DESIGN OF FIR FILTER USING FREQUENCY
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE.
Code :
clc;
clear all;
close ;
M =15;
Hr = [1 ,1 ,1 ,1 ,0.4 ,0 ,0 ,0];
for k =1: length(Hr)
G(k)=(( -1) ^(k -1))*Hr(k);
end
h = zeros (1,M);
U = (M -1) /2
for n = 1:M
h1 = 0;
for k = 2:U+1
h1 =G(k)*cos ((2* %pi /M)*(k -1) *((n -1) +(1/2) ))+h1;
end
h(n) = (1/M)* (G (1) +2* h1);
end
h
[hzm ,fr ]= frmag (h ,256) ;
hzm_dB = 20* log10 (hzm)./ max ( hzm);
figure
plot (2*fr , hzm )
a= gca ();
xlabel ( ' Normalized Digital Frequency W' );
ylabel ( 'Magnitude ' );
title ( ' Frequency Response 0f FIR LPF using Frequency Sampling Technique with M = 15
with Cut off Frequency = 0.466' )
xgrid (2)
figure
plot (2*fr , hzm_dB )
a= gca ();
xlabel ( ' Normalized Digital Frequency W' );
ylabel ( 'Magnitude in dB ' );
title ( ' Fr equency Re spons e 0 f FIR LPF u s i n g Frequency sampling Technique with M = 15
with C to ff //Fr equency = 0 . 4 6 6 ' )
xgrid (2)


DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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OUTPUT:


DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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PRACTICAL NO. 10
Q) WRITE SCILAB PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT LOW PASS AND BAND PASS FILTERS.
LOW PASS FILTER :
Code :
clc ;
close ;
hn =eqfir(61,[0 .1;.15 .5],[1 0] ,[1 1]);
[hm ,fr ]= frmag(hn ,256) ;
disp( 'The Filter Coefficients are : ' )
hn
figure
plot (fr,hm )
xlabel ( ' Normalized Digital Frequency fr 1')
ylabel ( 'Magnitude ' ) ;
title('Frequency Response of FIR LPF using REMEZ algorithm M=61 ' )
figure
plot (5*(0:255) /256 ,20* log10 ( frmag ( hn ,256) ) )
xlabel ('Normalized Digital Frequency fr ' )
ylabel ('Magnitude in dB ' )
title ( 'Frequency Respnse of FIR LPF using REMEz algorithm M=61')

OUTPUT :


DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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BAND PASS FILTER :



Code :
clear all;
clc ;
close ;

hn = 0;
hm = 0;
hn = eqfir(32 ,[0 .1;.2 .35;.425 .5] ,[0 1 0] ,[10 1 10])
[ hm , fr ]= frmag ( hn ,256) ;
disp ('The Filter Coefficients are : ')
hn
figure
plot( fr , hm )
a = gca () ;

xlabel('Normalized Digital Frequency fr ');
ylabel ('Mgnitude') ;

title ('Frequency Response of FIR BPF using REMEZ algorithm M=32 ')
xgrid (2)
figure
plot (.5*(0:255) /256 ,20* log10 ( frmag ( hn ,256) ) ) ;
a = gca() ;

xlabel ('Normalized Digital Frequency fr ') ;
ylabel ( ' Magnitude in dB ' ) ;

title ( 'Frequency Response of FIR BPF using REMEZ algorithm M=32')
xgrid(2)










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OUTPUT :


DIGITAL SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS T.Y.B.Sc (IT)
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