Ferreira 1 Aubrey Ferreira Dr.

Guenzel ENC 1102 February 25, 2013 Research Dossier: Advertising and Self Image Dossier Introduction I have been conducting a great amount of research on advertisements and their effects on self-image and eating disorders. In my research I have found that advertisements and magazines often Photoshop the models in such a way that they look unrealistic, and not even the models in real life really look the way they are depicted in the advertisements and magazines. Magazines put out an image that is known in society to be perfection. In reality, the percentage of girls that have some or all of the qualities that are considered to be perfection is unbelievably low. Seventeen magazine, a popular magazine read by teenage girls, has vowed to not alter pictures of models to unrealistic standards. They are trying not to lower girls self-esteem as other magazines have done and continue to do, and, in fact, in every edition of their magazine they have a body peace treaty. Beyonc, a famous pop sensation and icon to girls everywhere, has also been trying to fight this. Beyonc allegedly sued clothing store H&M after they photo shopped her body making her look thinner than she actually is in one of their large advertising campaigns. In the research I have conducted I have also found how advertisements affects viewers on a psychological standpoint. I have also found that, contrary to popular belief, advertisements affect some males as well. According to the National Eating Disorder Association, anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the most popular eating disorders. People with these disorders that have been affected by the media and advertisements probably dont know all the harm these disorders can do to your body. To combat this I have found that a group of moms has been going about raising their children in a particular way following a CNN article that focuses on one mom in particular. The mother who has been featured in the CNN article was shown trying to raise her children in such a way that they will not ever struggle with the thoughts of not being good enough, thoughts normally provoked in young adults and adolescents by advertisements and the media. My research is relevant to other students in the advertising program. It is clear that a large majority of advertisements take on a sexual appeal, and/or use models that are viewed as perfection. It is important that other students in the advertising program realize the affect it has had on people, particularly preteens and young women. I hope that as more people are aware of this problem, advertisements will evolve and use models that look more like your everyday girl, who is not a size zero and has not been photo

Ferreira 2 shopped an immense amount. My research is also relevant to the mothers of this current generation as well as all generations to come. Being knowledgeable about this problem, along with reading about how other moms have been trying to raise their children in ways that prevent harm to their self- esteem by advertisements, would help moms with raising their children in a way that will help them avoid the problem with their children as well.

Research Map Research Questions: 1) How do advertisements affect peoples body image? 2) What is the correlation with eating disorders and advertisements? 3) Keywords: 1) Advertisements effect on body image, 2) Advertisements cause eating disorders Types of Research: 1) Internet Research 2) Library Research Major Deadlines: 2/4-2/11 Research 2/11-2/18- Organize and Outline Paper 2/26 Research Dossier with Introduction to Annotated Bibliography 3/3-3/7 Spring Break 3/9-TBA- start writing/revising paper/do additional research as needed 3/27-3/30- Miami trip 3/31-Workshop Draft 1 Research Paper 4/9- Workshop Draft 2 Research Paper 4/11- Workshop Draft 3 Research Paper 4/16- Final Draft Argumentative Research Paper 4/28- E portfolios 4/28-Research Presentation

Annotated Bibliography . "Body Image." - The Media Lies. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. This article explains different media lies in detail and what media says is perfection. The article then explains how small of a percentage of woman actually have the qualities that supposedly make up perfection.

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This is an exert from the 2005 edition of Our Bodies, Ourselves, Boston Womens Health Book Collective, founded and directed by Judy Norsigian. 2. Body Image and Advertising, and Harry Croft. "Eating Disorders: Body Image and Advertising." Healthy Place. N.p., 3 June 2013. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. This article explains the medias view of thinness. The article gives many statistics of women who are actually as thin as the models in advertisements. The article also talks about boys and their body image. It is unclear who wrote the article but it was reviwed by Harry Croft, MD, a psychiatrist. 3. Botelho, Greg, and Melissa Abbey. "Seventeen Magazine Vows Not to Alter Images, to 'celebrate Every Kind of Beauty'" CNN. Cable News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. This is an article by CNN about Seventeen magazine. The magazine vows to not edit pictures of girls, yet they still make small edits. The article explains how now a days girls read magazines knowing the pictures in it are altered but it still has the same effect on their self esteem. The article was written by Greg Botelho of CNN, on July 6th 2012. This is a very credible source.

4. "Mass Media and the Female Body Image." AuthorSTREAM. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2014. This is a basic PowerPoint explaining different psychological terms. The PowerPoint explains how mass media affects people of psychological level. It explains social learning theory, social cognitive theory, cognitive development theory, social constructivist theory, and objectification theory. Ashley Braun is the author of this PowerPoint. This source is not completely guaranteed credible so a check up on the information given in the PowerPoint will have to be done. 5. "Media, Body Image, and Eating Disorders | National Eating Disorders Association." We Live in a Media-saturated World and Do Not Control the Message. National Eating Disorders Association, n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2014. This website explains things on the perspective of being a national eating disorder association. It explains there is no single cause of body dissatisfaction or disordered eating but the media definitely plays a role in it.

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An unknown author wrote the article. It is the National Eating Disorders Associations website, so it is a credible source. 6. "Self Image/Media Influences." Just Say Yes RSS. Justsayyes.org, n.d. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. This website explains self-image, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and media influence. It has a shocking statement that says teens are more afraid of gaining weight than they are of cancer, nuclear war and losing a parent. The website then goes into giving statistics. This articles author is unknown but is by the organization Just Say Yes. Just Say Yes is an organization with the goal to help youth succeed. This is a credible source. 7. Swinson, Jo. "False Beauty in Advertising and the Pressure to Look 'good'" CNN. Cable News Network, 10 Aug. 2011. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. This is an article by CNN explaining how photo-shopping women in advertisements affects women and men. This study is done in the UK. It talks about how Julia Roberts and Christy Turlington Lancome foundation ads were banned for being misleading. The ban made a strong impact on the advertisement industry. Jo Swinson, a special to CNN, wrote the article. It was written August 10th 2011. This is a credible source. 8. Villines, Zawn. "How Advertisements Targeting Women Undermine Body Image." GoodTherapyorg Therapy Blog How Advertisements Targeting Women Undermine Body Image Comments. GoodTherapy.org, 10 July 2013. Web. 16 Feb. 2014. This website article talked about how even Beyonce was photoshopped in her H&M campaign, and she sued H&M for it. Explains other tricks advertisements use aside from photoshop. Then the article explains ways to keep self-esteem in tact. The article was written by Zawn Willines, a correspondent of goodtherapy.org. Although the website is questionable about if it is credible or not. I have done further research and everything in this particular article is true, so for this paper this is a credible source. 9. Wallace, Kelly. "Helping Teens Build a Healthy Body Image." CNN. Cable News Network, 09 Jan. 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.

Ferreira 5 This is an article by CNN that talks about Dawn Larkin-Wallace who is a mom of three and what she has done to try to keep her family healthy and not let her children suffer with self-image because of advertisements. Kelly Wallace wrote the article earlier this year. This is a credible source. Journal Articles: 10. Cusumano, Dale L., and J. Kevin Thompson. "Body Image and Body Shape Ideals in Magazines: Exposure, Awareness, and Internalization." Sex Roles 37.9-10 (1997): 701-21. SpringerLink. Web. 10 Feb. 2014. <http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02936336?LI=true>. This is a long article of a study done that attempts to quantify overall body size and breast size exposure variables based on an empirically determined readership and reliable coding system of the images contained within the periodicals. This study was done by Dale Cusumano and Kevin Thompson. It was written in 1997. Although that is over 10 years ago it is still credible in showing the relationship between women and images they are shown. However the pictures in advertisements now are even more revealing, suggestive and models are even thinner and photoshopped more. 11. Heinberg, Leslie J., and J. Kevin Thompson. "Body Image and Televised Images of Thinness and Attractiveness: A Controlled Laboratory Investigation." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 14.4 (1995): 325-38. Guilford Press. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/jscp.1995.14.4.325>. This article is about a study done with 139 women that viewed television commercials that contained either appearance-related commercials or nonappearance related advertisements. The measures of depression, anger, anxiety and body dissatisfaction were examined. Leslie Heinberg and Kevin Thompson did this study in 1995. Although the study was done over 10 years ago it is still credible in showing the relationship between appearance and non-appearance related commercials and womens levels of depression anger anxiety and body dissatisfaction. 12. Yamamiya, Yuko, Thomas F. Cash, Susan E. Melnyk, Heidi D. Posavac, and Steven S. Posavac. "Women's Exposure to Thin-and-beautiful Media Images: Body Image Effects of Media-ideal Internalization and Impact-reduction Interventions." Body Image 2.1 (2005): 74-80. ScienceDirect. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1740144504000737>. This article is about an investigation with 123 young college women. The moderating effects of the extent of internalization of media ideals were evaluated.

Ferreira 6 It was evaluated the impact of two brief interventions. This study was done in 2005 by Yuko Yamamiya, Thomas Cash, Susan Melnyk, Heidi Posavac and Steven Posavac. This is a credible source. Other Sources: 13. Skye Grayson-professional model and friend. She has modeled for countless things including Seventeen Magazine. I plan on interviewing her and asking her about the model side of things. Skye talked about the pressures that come with modeling and how they affect her life, and how much photoshop has been done to her. Skye is an honest friend and has an incredible amount of experience in the modeling industry since she has been modeling since she was just 10. She is a credible source. 15-20. I plan on randomly selecting people at the student union and ask them a few questions about their perspective about advertisements and the affects it has had on their body image. Some girls actually confessed to having eating disorders, others talked about the pressure they feel. I randomly selected people to make my small study be as credible as possible.