Al Abrar Getap 02 2014

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Avj-Aveivi
The Monthly AL-ABRAR
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nvdR AvLZvi nvmvBb
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gvIqvqh dKxj wgjvZ : Bmjvgx weq-12... 6
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gvIjvbv Avbvqvi nvmvBb
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wewbgq: 20 (wek) UvKv gv
gydZx iwdKzj Bmjvg Avj-gv`vbx
cPvi msLv : 10,000 (`k nvRvi)
ZzivM Zxi wekevmxi BRwZgv......................... 20
gydZx kixdzj AvRg
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ZvmvId ebvg cvPwe`ì loh......... 23
gydZx kvn` ingvbx
mv`bv `dZi
gviKvh mvjvbv Bmjvnx BRwZgv :
gviKvhyj wdKwij Bmjvgx evsjv`k
ewZgagx GK b~ivbx AvqvRb .................... 28
eK-wW, dKxj wgjvZ miwY, emyiv Av/G, XvKv|
nvdR wiÌqvbyj Kvwì DwLqvfx
dvb: 028402091,028845138
bvix wbhvZb iva Bmjvg .................... 35
BgBj :monthlyalabrar@gmail.com
gydwZ gynvv` kvqvBe
Iqe : www.monthlyalabrar.com
wRvmv I kiqx mgvavb ............................. 38
www.monthlyalabrar.wordpress.com
Bmjvg gvbevwaKvi-1....................... 44
gvevBj: cavb mv`K: 01819469667, mv`K:01817009383, wbevnx mv`K: 01191270140 mnKvix mv`K: 01855343499
wevcb cwZwbwa: 01711803409, mvKzjkb gvbRvi : 01191911224
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
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`ywbqv evcx Bmjvg I kvw cwZvi gwjK, mveRbxb
Ges mve wbK Kg m ~ w P wZbwU| Zvjxg, ZvhwKqv,
`vIqvZ| mwVKfve gymjgvbì gvS GB wZbwU KvR
Rvwi _vKj Bmjvgi g weKvk AevnZ _vKe| hviv
GB KvRi mv_ RwoZ _vKe ZvìI `ywbqv AvLivZ
mdjZv I Kvwgqvexi NvlYv iqQ|
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Kgm~wPi wfwZ| ZviB Av`j `ywbqv evcx mdjfve
GB wZbwU Kg m ~ P x ev e vqb Ki hvQb Djvgvq
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AmsL xwb wkv cw Zvb| ZvhwKqvi Kg m~ Px cvjb
cwZwZ nqQ AMwYZ LvbKvn| `vIqvZ I ZvejxMi
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gnbZ| GB wZbwUi mgw^ Z c w Zvb AmsL KIgx
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Av`k AejvKb Bmjvgi c wZ avweZ nQ Anin|
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Av`k|
cwiZvci welq, Djvgvq Ìeì GB wZb wgkbi
weiB wewfbic Kiv nq fqven loh| Zvì Gme
wgkb ay wQ`v^lbB Zrci iqQ Bmjvg welxì
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gjev`x, Rwev`x, Kicx BZvwì vMvbZv AvQB
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ZvivI ay AwfhvMB Ki hvb, GK AwfhvMK w`bi
ci w`b evievi wewfb wgwWqvq cPvi KiZ `Lv hvq|
Zvì Ai hw` Bmjvgi mwVK ì` _vK, Zviv hw`
mwZKvi A_ Bmjvg cPviK nq _vKb wKsev Zviv hw`
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Djvgvq Kivgi mv_ emZ cvib, K_v ejZ cvib,
cqvRb evnvmI KiZ cvib| ZvZ Zv welqjvi
mnR wbw nq hvq| QvU LvU welq wZjK Zvj
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cvi? ZvZ cgvwYZ nq ZvivB Bmjvg ivi bvg wdrbv
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I wdrbv mwB Zvì gyL Ges GKgv Dk|
Djvgvq Ìeì GB wgkbjvZ cwiPvwjZ Kvbv
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gZ ^x KZ welq| hviv Bmjvg cwZvi gnbZ mviv
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ejv nQ GB KvR nv`xm bB, IB KvR weÀvZ
BZvw`| hviv Bmjvgi cvnviv`vi, mecKvi fRvj gy

Bmjvgx Av`k evevqb hvì Anwbl wgkb, hvì jvjb,
eov DVv, kke, Kkvi, heb cp Z_v mviv Rxeb
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Bmjvgi g weKvkgvb G avivevwnKZvK Ki
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bvdmi KvR wKqvgZ ch PjZ _vKe| KviY Gme
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kwi lohi wkKvi nq wbRK asmi vic v
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ivm~ji (mv.) mwVK c_ Avmyb| mvnvevq Kivgi c_
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{02}
PjwZ msLvwUi gvag gvwmK Avj-Aveivi cKvkbv I
cPviYvi `yB el AwZg Ki ZZxq el DcbxZ njv|
Zv me nqQ GKgv Avjvni Acvi ingZ I Kcvq|
cvVK, M v nK, GRU Ges fvby a vqxì `y Av,
AvwiKZv Ges AvMn Gi hvvc_K eMevb KiQ| Gi
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gvwmK Avj-Aveivii `yB eQi c~ wZ Z hvì hfve
mnhvwMZv iqQ Avgiv mKjK abev` RvbvB Ges
`y Av Kwi| gvwmK Avj-Aveivi hb evcKfve
n`vqvZi Dmxjv nq Ges GB wgkb hb vqx nq GB
`yAv Kvgbv...|
Avikv` ingvbx
31/01/2014
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
cwe Kvjvgyjvn kixd _K

DPZi Zvdmxi MelYv wefvM :
cKZ cxi AvIwjqv I xbi gnbZKvixì
cwZ fvjevmv Kb Rb nq?

hviv Cgvb Avb Ges mrKg Ki `qvgq Zvì Rb
mw Kieb fvjevmv| (gwiqvg 96)
GB AvqvZ Avj v n ZvAvjv ejQb h, hviv
GKZev` wekvmx Ges hvì Avgj mybvZi b~i iqQ
wZwb Zuvi ev`vì Ai Zuvì gynveZ mw Ki `b|
hgb nv`xm kixd AvQ nhiZ Avey ivqiv (iv.) _K
ewYZ, ivm~jyjvn (mv.) Bikv` KiQb, wbq Avjvn hLb
Kvbv ev`vK gy n veZ Kib ZLb nhiZ wReivBj
(Av.)K WK ejb, Avwg AgyK ev`vK gynveZ Kwi,
my Z ivs Zz w gI ZvK gy n veZ Kiv| ZLb wReivCj
(Av.)I ZvK gynveZ Kib| Zvici wReivCj (iv.)
AvKvk NvlYv w`q ejb, Avj v n Agy K ev`vK
gynveZ Kib, myZivs ZvgivI ZvK gynveZ Kiv|
ZLb mg AvKvkevmx ZvK gy n veZ Ki| Zvici
`ywbqvevmxi Ai Zvi KeywjqvZ iL Ìqv nq| Avi
wZwb hLb Kvbv ev`vK `y kgb wnme Rvbb ZLb
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(Av.) ZvK k fveb Ges AvKvkevmxi wbKU GB
NvlYv Kib h, Avjvn AgyK ev`vK `ykgb feQb,
myZivs ZvgivI ZvK `y kgb gb Kiv| ZLb mevB
ZvK `ykgb gb Ki| Zvici cw_exZ Zvi kfve
gvbyli Ai mw Ki `qv nq|
nhiZ mvIevb (iv.) nZ ewY Z AvQ h, bex (mv.)
ejQb, h ev`v gnvgwngvw^Z Avjvni mw Kvgbv
Ki Ges Zuvi mvli KvR wbgM _vK, ZLb gnvb
Avjv n nhiZ wReivCj (Av.)K WK ejb, Avgvi
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Zvi cwZ m AvwQ| Zvi Dci Avwg Avgvi ingZ bvwhj
KiZ i KiwQ| ZLb nhiZ wReivCj (Av.) NvlYv
Kib, AgyKi Dci Avjvni ingZ ewlZ nqQ| Zvici

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cwmw Kviv wbKZv I DrKZvi mv_ bq, GUv AvKvk
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GB AvqvZi fvev_ njv GB h, fvj AvgjKvix
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_vK| gywgb ZvK fvjevmZ _vK| Zvi fvj AvjvPbv
nq Ges Zvi gZzi ciI Zvi Dg LvwZ Aewk _K
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ZvAvjv gywgbì AiK Zvi w`K Suy wKq `b Ges
Zviv ZvK fvjevmZ i Ki|
nhiZ Dmgvb Beby Avddvb (iv.) ejb, ev`v h fvj
g` KvR Ki, Avjvn ZvK ZviB IB Pvì viv XK
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nhiZ nvmvb emix (in.) ejb, GKwU jvK BQv Ki
h, m Avjvni Bev`Z Ggbfve Kie hb RbMYi
ga Zvi my L vwZ Qwoq co| AZtci m Avj v n
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meviB AvM hvq Ges meviB ci ewiq Avm| Gfve
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Avjvn ZvAvjv ing Kib| Gfve m cKZ xb`vi I
Avjvn f nq hvq|
Zvdmxi Beb Rixi iqQ, GB AvqvZwU nhiZ Avyi
ingvb Beby AvDdi (iv.) evcvi AeZxY nqQ|
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
(Zvdmxi Beb Kvmxi Aej^b)
cwe mybvn _K
DPZi nv`xm MelYv wefvM :
gvbyli cwZ mvbeva
GKRb gvbyl AviKRb gvbylK mvb KiZ cvij ev
ZvK mwVK g~jvqb KiZ cvij Zvì ga cviwiK
kveva evo| ZLb Zv gvbyli cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I
ivxq Rxeb kvw cwZvq evcK fzwgKv ivL| ewMZ
I mgwK Rxeb Avb`gq nq DV| Avi hw` cviwiK
mvbeva bv _vK Zvnj Ab Rbi cwZ Aev Aenjv
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wnme gvbyli Rxeb bg Avm avivevwnK Akvw| hv
Mwoq hvq Kvj _K Kvjvi|
mnxn eyLvix I gymwjg nhiZ Avbvm (iv.) _K ewYZ
nqQ, ivm~j yjvn (mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg) Bikv` Kib:
Zvgiv cii welcivqY nqv bv, GK Abi

cQb jMv bv Ges cii cwZwnsmvq wj nqv bv,
eis GK Abi mv_ fvB-fvB I GK Avjvni ev`v nq
hvI| nhiZ Avey ivqiv (iv.) _K ewYZ, ivm~jyjvn
(mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqv mvjvg) Bikv` Kib:
h ew Kvbv gywgbi cvw_e Kmg~n _K Kvbv

GKwU K `~i Kie wKqvgZi Kmg~n _K Avjvn Zvi
GKwU K `~ i Kieb| h ew Kvbv gyw gbi `vl
Mvcb ivLe, Avjvn ZvAvjv `ywbqv I AvwLivZ Zvi
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m Zvi fvBqi mvnvh Ki (gymbv` Avng`)|
wK `ytL RbK njI mZ h, Avgiv AvR Bmjvgi GB
wkv _K AbK `~ i mi wMq GK Abi wZ
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DcKvi Kivi K_v mLvb Avgiv wbRi wZ nq bv Ggb
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^ v_ i mvgb Zv gvby li Rxebi Kvbv g~ j AvQ
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msNlI Rwoq hZ c Kiv nq bv| hv gymjgvbi
kvb bq|
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gy w gbiv Zv cii fvB-fvB| AZGe, Zvgiv

Zvgvì `yB fvBqi ga gxgvsmv Kie Ges AvjvnK
fq Kie-hvZ Zvgiv AbyMncv nI|
wewk Avjgxb gvI. Bqvi gynv` mvnei BwKvj
dKxj wgjvZ gydZx Avyi ingvb (`v.ev.)
wZwb Bjg beexi gq`vb GKRb ARq ewZ wQjb

PMvgi dwUKQwo _vbvaxb AvgZjx AvwRwRqv gvìvmvi
kvqLyj nv`xm, wewk Avjgxb nhiZ gvIjvbv Bqvi
gynv` mvne (in.) Gi BwKvj Mfxi kvK I Zvi
cwievii cwZ mge`bv cKvk KiZ wMq BmjvwgK
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Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv wRwiZ gvawgK, DPgvawgK, vZK I
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wmwbqi gynvwm I kvqLyj nv`xm wnme `vwqZ cvjb
Kib| wZwb MZ 30-01-2014 e nwZevi 87 eQi
eqm BwKvj Kib| (Bbv wjjvwn...) Rvbvhv kl wbR
Mvg cvwievwiK Keivb ZuvK `vdb Kiv nq|
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
gywnDm mybvn nhiZ gvIjvbv
kvn Aveivij nK nx nvi`~qx (in.)-Gi
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GB welq AviKwU K_v eje|
`ywbqvZ hviv AvIwjqvq Kivgi
ZixKvq Pj, xbi mv_ jM
_vK Zvì `Lv| `y w bqvZB
Zvì BZ mvb I ghv`v Kx?
C`, Kzievbxi Cì mgq hLvb
gy m j x ì RgvqZ nq mLvb
`y wbqvi eo eo jvKì mgvMg
nq| miKv w i e o e o c ì
jvKRbI mLvb Dcw Z nb|
g x -Ggwciv Avmb| c w mWU
Avmb| Ggb AevZ Bgvg KvK
evbvbv nq? mLvb A_-we Avi
c`gh v`v weePbvq KvDK Bgvg
evbvbv nq bv| eis mevi BgvgZx
Kib nvdR, Avjg, Kvix cgyL|
`Lyb xwb Bjg ARbKvixi ghv`v
Avj v n ZvAvjv `y w bqvZI w`q
w`Qb|
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
mvbi xwb wkvi eev Kiv :

wcq ezMY! Avjvni mwi Rb,
Avj v ni bKU AR bi LvwZi
wbR wbR m vbK Avjg evbvb,
xwb Bjg cvi`k x wnme Mo
Zz j y b , wbRI xwb Bjg AR b
Kib, dK x n nvb| wbRi Ges
wbRi cwievi I AvZxq^ R bi
mvbì xwb Bjg ARbi eev
M nY Kib, Gi Rb Pv Kzw kk
Kib| xwb wkvcw Zvb, ge,
gvìvmv, wndRLvbv BZvw`Z
wbqwgZ mvbìK covb, Gì
wbqg I Dm~j gZ cwiPvwjZ nj
xbi Lv`g wnme Zwi ne|
Gì viv myb v Zi Avjv we Z
n e | G m e g v` i v mv x b i
gviKvh| Gme gvìvmvi
`Lvkvbv KivI GKwU `vwqZ |
Kvbv evMvb, ZvZ me c K vi
MvQcvjv AvQ| wK ZvZ Kvbv
mgq cvwbi NvUwZ nj MvQcvjv
wKq hve m KviY ZvZ cvwbi
ee v Kiv AvekK| mic
gvìvmv, gemg~ ni `Lvkvbv
Kiv, Zvì mvnvh mnhvwMZv
Kiv, nl-welv` Zvì cvk _vKv
eo mvAv`Z I bKxi KvR| mUv
GKvKxI Kiv hvq, mvgwKfveI
Kiv hvq| Gme xwb c w Zvbi
g~ j vqb Kiv AvekK| nv`xm
kixd GB Kzg B Ìqv nqQ,
xwb wkvq cvi`k x Z_v dKxn
nI, AbK dK xn evbvbvi Rb
eev Kiv, wbRi mvbì xwb
wkvq cvi`k x evbvbvi Pv
Kiv| AcviMZvekZ mvgwKfve
njI Gme xwb wkv cwZvbi
Lu v RLei bvI| hLvb xwb
cwZvb bB, mLvb cwZvi Pv
Kiv| hLvb c~ e _K AvQ
mLvb Zvì mvnvh Kiv|
ZLbB nv`xmi `vwe c~iY ne|
gvIqvqh
nhiZ dKxj wgjvZ (`vgvZ evivKvZzg)
emyiv gviKvh, PMvgi jKeni gvìvmvmn `ki wewfb
v b nhiZ dK x j wgj v Z (`vgvZ evivKvZz g) AvK`
wbKvni Abyvb Ges nv`xmi ìm weevni kiqx bxwZgvjv,
mybZ ZixKv, mgvR cPwjZ imyg mK wevwiZ eqvb I
ZvKixi ck Kib| Zu vi ZvKixi I eqvbjvi AvjvK
cgvwYK GB cewU mvRvbv nqQ|
Bmjvgx weq-12
ARynvZ :
Dchy eqm nIqvi ciI kiqx
Kvbv Dhi/AcviMZv Qvov weevn
bv Kiv ev cvk KU hvIqv g~jZ
c~Ztcwe GB mybZwUK Aenjvi
bvgvi | kixqZi wkv I `xv
Zv GB h, Dchy nIqvi mv_
mv_ KvjcY bv Ki weevn
eb Ave nq hvIqv| wK
Kvbv Kvbv AbyfwZnxb GK
k Y xi AwffveK, Avevi Kvbv
Kvbv GK kYxi bvbv-bvwbi
eqmi QjgqK `Lv hvq
weevn-kv`xZ Zviv eRvq bvLvk
Ges AbvM n x| G ZvìK
wKQz Luvov ARynvZ I evnvbv ck
KiZ `Lv hvq| wb KqKwU
ARynvZ Zzj aiv njv|
GK. jLvcov
AbK hyeK-hyeZx Ges AwffveKMY
jLvcovi e ZvK weevni cwZ
Abxnvi KviY wnme Dj L Ki
_vKb| A_P GUv mivmwi
kixqZweivax GKwU gbvfve Ges
beex wkvi m~Y cwicx| ivm~j
mv.) Bikv` Kib-
ne Zv Kvbv gvag we Avjg

_K Rb bIqv AvekK|
`yB. wbRi cvq ùvovbv
AbK hy eKK ejZ kvbv hvq|
AvM wbRi cvq ù v ove Zvici
weevn| Avi fvB! QvUejv _K
G ch Zzw g Avj v ni Ìqv `y w U
cvqi IciB ùvwoq AvQ, Abi
cvqi Ici bq| hw` Avw_ K
mQjZvB GB evKi Dk nq
Zvnj gb iLv, mnx wbqZ weq
Kij Avj v n ZvAvjv ZvgvK
Avw_KfveI mQj Ki èb| G
evcvi Kz i Avb NvlYvI Kiv
nqQ-

Zvgvì KvQ hw` Ggb Kvbv
ew weevni cve wbq Avm, hvi
xb`vix I PvwiwK w`K mvlRbK
Z v n j Z v i w b K U Z v gv ì
AwffveKZ _vKv gqi weq
m b K i ` v I | b v K i j
dZbv-dvmv` Pviw`K Qwoq
coe| (wZiwghx)
dZ bv-dv mv` viv bi-bvixi
weevnewnf Z mK K evSvbv
nqQ| AZGe h wkv Pwi MVb
bq, niY f w gKv cvjb Ki Zv
KLbv Kvbv gymwjgi Kvg nZ
cvi bv| AKvi RMZ Avjvi
A^lY gvUvwjRg I mg_b Ki
bv| c qvRbxq wkv mgv Kiv
fvjv KvR| Ze GUvK evnvbv
evwbq weevn wej^ Kiv mg_b hvM
bq| wekl Ki hLvb PvwiwK
cweZv iv Kiv `y in| bvixì
Rb GZUz K z ag x q wkvB h_
hZUzKz viv m cweZv ARb Ges
mnxn fve bvgvh-ivhv Av`vq
KiZ cvi| AZtci hLb hv diR
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
A_ v r Z v gv ì ga h v iv
AweevwnZ (cy i l nvK ev bvix)
Zvì weevn mv`b Kiv Ges
Mvjvg I ev`xì ga hviv
weevni Dchy ZvìI| Zviv
AfveM nj Avjvn wbR AbyM n
ZvìK Afve gy Ki èb|
Avjvn AwZ cv Pz hg q me| (m~ iv
b~i-32)
AvqvZ G evcvi wb` k Ìqv
nqQ h, AweevwnZ bi-bvixi
evcvi mswk mKji DwPZ Zvì
weevni Rb Pv Kiv| G
Zvì eZ g vb mvg_ B h_|
weevni ci x I m v bì eq
fvi enb KiZ wMq AfveM nq
coZ cvi GB AvksKvq weevn
wejw^Z Kiv mgxPxb bq| Pwi I
cweZv ivi Dk Avj v ni
Ici fimv Ki wee vn Kij
AwZwi eq wbevni Rb AekB
Avjvn ZvAvjv Kvbv myeev Ki
èb|
ivm~j (mv.) Bikv` Kib-
GbRq Ki| Avi fvB! wbtm Kiv nq Zvnj Zvì Afve `~ i
wZb kYxj jvKi Dci Avjvni

mvnvh AeavwiZ| GKRb njv
IB ew h wbRi cweZv iv_
weevn Ki| (wZiwghx nv. 1655,
bvmvC-3218)
G Qvov Ggb AmsL mvnvevi NUbv
iqQ, hviv `wi` Z v I Afvei
wb i _KI weev n KiZ
KvjcY Kibwb| hgb nhiZ
Avjx (iv.) wi n nIqv m I
nhiZ dvZgv (iv.)-K weevn
Kib| Abyic IB mvnvexi NUbvI
cwm whwb Aviei iIqvR Abyhvqx
beea~K bM` wKQz Ìqvi gZv bv
cq GgbwK GKwU jvnvi AvswU bv
_vKv mI weevn Kib|
(eyLvix-5235, gymwjg-1425)
Dwj w LZ AvjvPbv viv nq
Mj h, weevn Afve I `wi` Z v
wegvPb Ki| Ze Gi Rb BLjvm
I mw`Qv _vKv Riwi| AviKwU
K_v gb ivLZ ne, KD weevni
KviY Afvex nq bv| ^fve ev Ab
KviY nZ cvi| Avi wbRi cvq
ù v woq ci weevni c e vì
AbKK `Lv hvq hZzKi wnmve
Zviv j I wbhy Zi msLv w`q
Ki _vK| wZ njI GUvB mZ|
wZb. Svgjv
AbK my Z v I mQjZv m I
weevni cwZ weivMfvRb nq _vK
GUvK evowZ Svgjv gb Ki|
Zvì ee njv GZ ZvovZvwo
mvsmvwiK MvovKj Ave nIqv
hve bv| Aviv wKQz Kvj jvBdK
GbRq KiZ ne! gb ivLeb,
GUv wbiU Bewjkx wPvaviv| Zviv
bq eis kqZvbB Zvì jvBdK
Avjvn ZvAvjv Bikv` Kib-
GbRq Kivi Kx AvQ? GbRq ne, gy L nvwm dz U e, `vwi`

. KiZ PvBj weevni weK bB| wegvPb ne, eb gReyZ ne, Rq
ne gvbeZvi| Avi Zvi Rb
Avj vni bKU AeavwiZ| Avj vn
ZvAvjv Bikv` Kib.
hviv AcqvRbxq KvR A_ Iovq
Z v i v k q Z v b i fv B | ( e b x
Zuvi wb`kbmg~ni ga nZ GKwU
BmivCj-27)
GB h , wZ wb Z v gvì Rb
Avjvn ZvAvjv Aviv Bikv` KibZvgvìB ga nZ x m w

KiQb| hvZ Zvgiv Zvì KvQ
.
wMq kvw jvf Kiv Ges wZwb
Zvgvì ciii ga fvjvevmv AvZxq^RbK Zvì nK Av`vq
I `qv m w KiQb| wbqB Gi Ki Ges AfveM I gymvwdiKI|
ga wb`kb iqQ mme jvKi A v i w b R ` i A _ m `
hviv wP v -fvebv Ki| (m~ i v AcqvRbxq KvR Dove bv| (ebx
BmivCj-26)
ig-21)
GB AvqvZ _K ey S Avm Ab Bikv` nQ-

h, my L -kvw , Avb`-dz w Z Ges
DcfvM/ GbRq Kivi gZv wRwbm Zvgiv AcPq Kiv bv| Avjvn
weevni gaB iqQ| AweevwnZiv AcPqKvixì cQ` Kib bv|
(m~iv Avivd-31)
Zv Gi _K cwic~Y ewZ|
KziAvb kixd DwjwLZ
kixqZi weivwaZv :
weqi AvM-ci Rb bv Rb (Zvehxi) Ges (Bmivd)
Ggb AbK KvR Kiv nq hjv k qi A_ Aceq I AcPq Kiv
kixqZweivax I gvbeZvweivaxI| njI Dfqi ga we i dvivK
G aibi iZ c~ Y KqKwU welq iqQ| ea KvR gvvwZwi LiP
KivK (Bmivd) ej| Avi
wb Zzj aiv njv|
Aea KvR A_ m` eq KivK
GK. AcPq
eZgvb weevn-kv`xZ img iIqvR (Zvehxi) ej| (gvAvwidzj
cvjb Kivi Rb GZ ewk cwigvY KziAvb 5/470)
A_ m` eq Kiv nq h, GKRb GUzKz wPv Kij `Lv hvq, eZgvb
cKZ gywgb Zv `~ii K_v, Kvbv weevn-kv`xi wmsnfvM AwgZeq
mvaviY weeKmb ewI GUv Z_v Zvehxii Afy|
mg_b KiZ cvie bv| A_P GB
(Pje BbkvAvjvn)
A_i `k fvMi GK fvM I hw`
ZvnKxK
I Mbvq :
wbRi AvZxq^Rb, cvov-cwZekx,
gydZx b~i gynv`
ez - eveì ga hviv nZ`wi`
Ges Mwie I weaevì Rb eq
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
wmivZ gyvKxg ev mij c_
bvgvhi KwU gvmvqj : wevw I wbimb-6
KziAvb-mybvni AvjvK Kvhv bvgvh covi weavb

gvIjvbv gydZx gbm~ij nK
KziAvb I mybvq ZvInx`, wimvjvZ I
AvLivZi AvjvPbvi ci bvgvhi
c w Z me v waK iZ c ` vb Kiv
nqQ| PvB Zv mgqgZv Av`vq Kiv
nvK A_ev Iqvi ci Kvhv Kiv
nvK| eZ kixqZ Cgvbi ciB
bvgvhi vb Ges bvgvh Bmjvgi
AbZg | KD hw` Kvbv KviY
mgqgZv bvgvh coZ bv cvi
Zvnj cieZ x Z Zv Kvhv Kiv
Riwi|
G evcvi KziAvb-mybvn _K `wjj
DjL Kiv njv :
(1) cwe Kz i Avbi m~ i vq wbmvi
103 bs AvqvZ Avj v n ZvAvjv
ejb,
wbtm`n gywgbì
c w Z bvgvh Acwinvh iqQ, hvi
mgqmxgv wbavwiZ|
GB AvqvZ bvgvhi mgqmxgv
wbavwiZ nIqvi welqwU hgb DwjwLZ
nqQ, Zgwb wbavwiZ mgq bvgvh
Av`vq Kiv bv nj cieZx Z D
bvgvh Kvhv Kivi welqwUI
civfve Dwj wLZ nqQ| KviY
GUv Avjvn ZvAvjvi FY, Avi FY
mgqgZv Av`vq bv KiZ cvij
cieZ x Z Zv Av`vq Kiv Riwi|
hgb mvgbi nv`xm Bikv` nQ :
(2) nhiZ Avy j vn Beb Avevm
(iv.) ejb, GK gwnjv bex wR
(mv.)-Gi wbKU Gm ejj, Avgvi gv
gvb Z KiwQjb h, wZwb nR
Kieb| wK Zv cyiv Kivi AvMB

wZwb gviv hvb| (GLb Avgvi KiYxq
Kx?) bexwR (mvj v j v AvjvBwn
Iqvmvjvg) Bikv` Kib h,

Zzwg Zvgvi gvqi c _K
nR Ki bvI| ejv Zv, hw`
Zvgvi gv Kviv wbKU FYx nZb
Zz w g wK Zvi FY cwikva KiZ?
gwnjv ejj, nu v, ZLb c w ZDi
bexwR (mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg)
Bikv` Kib h, Ze Zvgi v
Avj v ni FYKI cwikva Kiv|
Kbbv, wZwb Zuvi cvc cvIqvi AwaK
Dchy| (mnxn eyLvix 1/249, bvmvC
2/2)
GB nv`xm _K evSv Mj, h
Bev`vZ ev`vi Ici dih ev Aek
KZ e Zv ev`vi I ci Avj vn
ZvAvjvi cvIbv ev FY| GB FY
_K `vqgywi c_ njv Zv Av`vq
Kiv| hgwbfve gvby li cvIbv
FYi wbavwiZ mgq cvi nIqvi viv
gvbyli FY _K `vqgy nIqv hvq
bv, Zgwb wbavwiZ mgq cvi nIqvi
viv Avj v n ZvAvjvi FY _KI
`vqgy nIqv hvq bv| Avi kixqZ
me v waK iZ c ~ Y Bev`Z bvgvhi
evcvi GB g~ j bxwZ h cy ivcy w i
c hvR ne, vbx gvB Zv ey SZ
mg|
3. GK ivZ bexwR (mvj v j v
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg) Zuvi mvnvexMYK

wbq mdi KiwQjb| kl ivZ
wekvgi Dk mdi weiwZ w`jb|
nhiZ wejvj (iv.)-K dRii
bvgvhi Rb RvwMq Ìqvi `vwqZ
w` j b | A Z t ci m e vB Ny w g q
cojb| G w`K nhiZ wejvj
(iv.)I Z`vwef~Z nq Mjb| dj
mevi dRii bvgvh Kvhv nq Mj|
bexwR (mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg)
Nyg _K RM m~h IVvi wKQyY ci
mevBK wbq dRii bvgvh Kvhv
Kijb| Ab ewYZ nqQ, Nyg ev
wewZi KviY hvi bvgvh QyU Mj,
hLb m RvMZ ne ZLb m hb Zv
Av`vq Ki bq| (ey L vix nv. bs
597, gymwjg nv. bs 681)
nhiZ Avy j vn Beb Avevm (iv.)
ejb, mB `y B ivKAvZ hv bexwR
(mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg) Kvhv
wnme Av`vq KiQb, Avgvi wbKU
Zv mgM `ywbqvi gvwjKvbv jvf Kivi
PqI AwaK cQ`bxq| (gy m bv`
Avngv` 4/181, gymbv` Avex Bqvjv
3/22-23, nv. bs 2371)
4. L`Ki hy _K divi w`b
bexwR (mv.) Zu v i mvnvexìK eb~
Kz i vBhv Awfgy L cvVvbvi mgq
ejjb,
Zvgvì KD hb ebx
KzivBhvq bv cuQ Avmii bvgvh bv
co| (mnxn eyLvix 1/129, nv. bs
4119, mnxn gymwjg 2/96) mvnvevq
Kivg (iv.) iIbv njb| c_
Avmii bvgvhi mgq AwZevwnZ
nIqvi Dcg nj wKQz mvnvex c_B
mgqi fZi Avmi co bb| Avi
wKQz mvnvex ebx KzivBhvq cuQvi ci
Avmii bvgvh Kvhv cob| bexwR
(mv.) GB NUbv bjb| wK ci
Kvhv Av`vqKvixMYK G K_v ejbwb

h, bvgvh ay gv wba v wiZ mgqB
Av`vqhvM| mgq AwZevwnZ nIqvi
ci Gi Kvbv Kvhv bB|
my Z ivs GB nv`xm _K cwivi
evSv Mj h, Kvbv KviYekZ
bvgvh Iqv gZv bv coZ cvij
mB bvgvh AekB Kvhv coZ ne|
G KviY hviv Kvhv cowQjb bexwR
(mvj v j v AvjvBwn Iqvmvj v g)
ZvìK mg_b KiwQjb|
5. ^ q s bexwR (mv.)-Gi L`Ki
hy i mgq KqK Iqvi bvgvh
Kvhv nq wMqwQj| Z_v hy i
KviY mgq gZv cov me nqwb|
GB bvgvhjv wZwb Kvhv wnme
co wbqwQjb| (ey L vix 1/162,
2/307)
6. G cm Aviv GKwU iZ c ~Y
`wjj njv BRgvq DZ| gy mwjg
Dvni mKj gy R Zvwn` Bgvg G
evcvi GKgZ h, dih bvgvh
wbav wiZ mgq Av`vq Kiv bv nj
mgqi ci Zv Kvhv KiZ ne| G
evcvi BQvKZ fve Kvhv Kiv ev
DhiekZ Kvhv nq hvIqv Dfq
cKvii weavbB mgvb|
hgb, gvjKx gvhnvei my c w m
Bgvg Beb Avy j evi (in.) webv
Dhi Abv`vqK Z bvgvh Kvhv Kiv
Acwi nvh nIq vi ^ c ki qx
cgvYvw` DjL KiZ wMq ejb,
nq| G evcvi hwÌ DZi BRgvB

h_ `wjj| hvi AbymiY Kiv IBme
wewQ b gZi c e vì RbI
Acwinvh wQj| Zvi ciI wKQy `wjj
D j L K i v n j v, h _v b e x w R
(mvjv j v AvjvBwn Iqvmvjv g)-Gi
evYxmg~n....(Avj BmwZhKvi :
1/302-303)
G Qvov nv`xmi cZK wKZve evey
KvhvBj dvIqvqZ Z_v QyU hvIqv
bvgvh Kvhv Kivi Aavq bvg Kvhv
bvgvh covi cwZi evcvi wevwiZ
AvjvPbv iqQ| Kvhv bvgvh Av`vq
Kiv Riwi nIqvi evcvi GUvI
ghe~Z cgvY|
Zv Qvov G evcvi Aviv AbK
nv`xm I mvnvev Kivgi dvZvIqv
iqQ| ewk `xN nIqvi AvksKvq
GLvb ay g v GKwU AvqvZ I
KqKwU nv`xm Dj L Kiv njv|
Gi vivB myfve cgvwYZ njv
h, Kvhv bvgvh Av`vq Kiv Riwi| G
evcvi DZi wbfihvM Djvgvq
Kivg GKgZ|
Zvi ciI Avgvì wKQy xwb fvB
hviv wbRìK Avnjyj nv`xm ej
cwiPq w`Z Me eva Kib, Zviv
Kvhv bvgvh Av`vqi weavbK mnxn
nv`xmi Ljvd gb Kib Ges
gym wjg RbmvaviYK wKQy nv`xmi
evwnK A_ viv wev Ki _vKb|
G mK Zviv hme `wjj ck Ki
_vKb Zv wbgic :
(1) bexwR (mv.) ejb,
h ew bvgvh
Qo w`j m Kvdi nq Mj| Avi
Aci GK nv`xm bexwR (mv.) ejb,
ZvAvjv gvd Ki `b| Abyicfve

wnRiZ KijI wnRiZi c~ e e Z x
bvn gvd Ki `qv nq|
myZivs D `yB nv`xmi AvjvK G
K_v cZxqgvb nq h, bvgvh cwiZvM
Kivi KviY gy m jgvb Kvdi nq
hvq| GLb cy b ivq gy m jgvb nIqv
Zvi KZe| hLb m cybivq gymjgvb
nq hve ZLb Zvi Kvhv bvgvh
Av`vq Kivi c qvRb bB| KviY
gymjgvb nIqvi viv AvMi me bvn
gvd nq MQ|
A_P bexwR (mvj v j v AvjvBwn
Iqvmvjvg)-Gi hyM _K AvR ch
Kvbv Bgvg ev nv`xm evLvKvix GB
nv`xm `y B wUi G RvZxq evLv
Kibwb| GKgv Avnjy j nv`xm
fvBqivB GB evLv KiQb| G
Dfq nv`xmi mwVK evLv wb
DjL Kiv njv :
c_g nv`xmi evLv : h ew bvgvh
cwiZvM Kij Zvi GB KvRwU Kgb
hb Kvdiì KvRi gZv njv|
wK jvKwU Gi viv Kvdi ne bv|
wZxq nv`xmi evLv : Kvbv
Agy m wjg gy m jgvb nj Avj vn
ZvAvjv gnievbx Ki Zvi AZxZ
bvnmg~n K gv Ki `b| wK
Kvbv Bgvg GB A_ Kibwb h,
Kvbv gy m jgvb bvgvh ZvM Ki
Kvdi nq cybivq gymjgvb nj Zvi
cQbi Kvhv bvgvh cov jvMe bv|

eis c~e Dwj wLZ AvqvZ, nv`xm I

BRg vq DZ vi v GB K_vB

cgvwYZ njv h, Dgix Kvhv bvgvh

Av`vq Kiv Zgwb dih AvBb
....
hgbwU mgqgZ Av`vq Kiv dih
1/302 AvBb| Avj v n ZvAvjv Avgvì
dih ivhvi gZv dih bvgvhI mgq Bmjvg mevBK D weavbi evcvi hZevb
AwZevwnZ nIqvi ci Kvhv KiZ MnY Kij AZxZ bvnmg~n Avjvn nIqvi ZvIdxK `vb Kib|
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
Bmjvgx A_bxwZ
gy`vi ZvwK chvjvPbv I kiqx weavb-1

gvIjvbv Avbvqvi nvmvBb
Bmjvg GKwU weke vcx I meR bxb

Rxeb eev| GUv Ggb GKUv ag,
hv meKvji Aev I Pvwn`vi mv_
mvgmc~ Y Ges Rxebi me ii
wewaweavbi mgw| hvZ iqQ
Rxebi cwZwU kvLv-ckvLv mK
w`Kwb`kbv|
gvbe Rxeb cviwiK jb`bi
(Dealing) Rb gy`vi Money
Ae v b gi`Zz j | eis gy ` v B
cviwiK jb`bi g~ j wfw|
c v PxbKvj _KB wewfb cwZZ
gy ` v eenvii avivevwnKZv Pj
AvmQ| Bmjvgi c~ e Ges ci
wewfb mgq gy`vi AvKwZZ cwieZb
nqQ Ges Zvi g~ j I gvbi
Value ga cwieZb cwieab Ges
IVvbvgv nZ PjQ| hvi KviY
gy ` v i AbK cwZ Ges c K vi
cwijwZ nq| hvi dj AbK
wbZbZzb gvmAvjv D vweZ nqQ
Ges nQ|
G welq evsjv fvlvq h cwigvY
KvR nqQ, Zv mswZv Ges
Ac~ Y v Zvi KviY c v q bv nIqvi
gZv| Avie weki Ijvgvq Kivg
hwÌ gy` vi Ici MelYvg~ jK KvR
KiQb Ges gy` vi wewfb c Kvi I
Zvi wewaweavb DjL KiQb| wK
AbK B Zvì gZvbK
cvIqv hvq| hvi KviY P o v
djvdj ch cu Qv AbK mgq
KwVb nq `vu o vq| G Qvov gy ` v i
wewea wewaweavb M v w`Z wew
AvKvi Qwoq-wQwUq iqQ| Avi
wKQz cwZ GLbv MelYvi `vwe
ivL| hgb : gy ` v i c K Z Ae v
Nature, wewfb c Kvi ei kiqx
weavb, wewfb `wjj-`veRi kiqx
chvjvPbv Ges Zv KeRv Kivi kiqx
wb` k bv| eZ g vb hy M gy ` v xwZi
KviY m gvmAvjvi kiqx mgvavb|
egvb ce gy`v msv mvgMxK
welq GKwU gwjK aviYv Zzj aivi
cqvm cve BbkvAvjvn|
gy`v cwiwPwZ I Zvi g~j Z :
dzKvnvq Kivgi wbKU gy`vi msv
Aviex fvlvq gy`vK ej, hvi
eePb nQ-
cvPxb dKnx ePbfw I g~j m~i
Ici chvjvPbv Kij cwijwZ nq
h, Zvì `wZ gy`v ki eenvi
GZ evcK bq| hZUz K z evcKZv
A_bxwZwe`ì wbKU iqQ| myZivs
dzKvnvq Kivgi ePbkjxi Ici
Mfxifve cheY Kij evSv hvq
h, Zvì wbKU gy`v ki cqvMi
wZb aibi `wfw iqQ|
c_g `wfw :
gy`v k viv mvaviYZ mvbv-icvK
evSvq, PvB Zv kwK bc~ Y
ZwiKZ gy`v AvKvi nvK ev UzKiv
AvK v i n vK | ( dZ j K `xi
6/158, ZzndvZzj gynZvR 4/279)
wZxq `wfw :
gy ` v viv Dk nQ, ay kwK
bc~ Y ZwiK Z gy ` v | KvRB
mvbv-icvi cv UzKiv ev Zv _K
ZwiKZ Ab Kvbv wRwbmK gy `v
ejv hve bv| (dZj K`xi 6/259)
DwjwLZ Dfq `wfw Abyhvqx cqmv
Pices ev Abvb wRwbmi Ici gy`v
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
10
kwU cqvM Kiv hve bv|

ZZxq `wfw :
h w ` I g ~ j Z g y ` v k w U vi v
m vb v-i c vK B e vS vq| Z e
mvbv-icv Qvov Abvb wRwbmi
I kwU c qvM Kiv hZ
cvi| myZivs G `wfw Abyhvqx gy`v
ki eenvi cqmvi I nZ
cvi| (ev`vwqDm mvbvq 5/185,
Avj gyMbx 5/125)
Avi hnZz cqmvi Ici Zvi cqvM
h_v_| ZvB Abvb wRwbmi I
G kZ mvc cqvM wbwl ne bv|
Ze gy`v ki cqvMi hme
kZ v ewj Riwi G I mme
kZvewj cvIqv hZ ne|
gvUK_v, dz Kvnvq Kivgi wbKU
gy ` v kwUi eenvi wZb cwZZ
cPwjZ|
1. ay ìnvg w`bvii Ici Zvi
ee n vi| gy ` vi G c q vM w ew a
GKeviB mxgve Ges mePq
wbw`Zi|
2. gy ` v i c qvM ^ Y - icvi ,
mvbv-icv h aibiB nvK|
c _ gwUi Zz j bvq wZxqwUi ga
evcKZv GKUz ewk cvIqv hvq|
3. Z Z xq cwZwU mePq ewk
evcK| Kbbv G ` wfw Abyh vqx
cqmvi Ici gy`vi cqvM nq|
DjL, cqmv ^Y icvi nq bv eis
Zvgv-RvZxq c`v_ i nq _vK|
gy ` vi Z Z xq c qvwMK ee nvi
A_ bxwZw e`ì ` w fw i c vq
KvQvKvwQ| wevwiZ wbic-
A_bxwZwe`ì wbKU gy`vi eenvi :

c L vZ Bmjvgx A_ b xwZwe` gyd Zx
gynv` ZKx Dmgvbx mvnei gZh wRwbm cwifvlvMZfve Ges Zv
wewbgqi gvag wnme eeZ nq,
gy` vi cwigvYi gvcKvwV nq| Ges
hvi gvag ei g~jgvb msiY Kiv
hvq, ZvK gy`v ej| (Bmjvg AvDi
Rv`x` gvqxkvZ Iqv ZRvivZ)
Prof crowther gy ` v i msvq
ejb, h gy`v viv Dk nQ IB
e , hv wewbgq gva g w nme
evcKfve mgv` Z nq Ges mv_
mv_ cwigvYi gvcKvwV I cwigvY
fvvii `vwqZ I Avvg `q|
(ZvAvid hi Iqv evsKvix)
W. Av`bvb Lvwj` AvziKzgvbx Gfve
ejQb h,
A_vr gy`v cwZwU IB wRwbmK ej,

hv wewbgq gvag wnme mgv`Z nq
Ges g~ ji gvcKvwV nq, mUv h
wKQzB nvK bv Kb, h Ae v ZB
nvK bv Kb|
KIqvj K Kewal Krishan Zvi
M gy ` v i msv Gfve KiQb,
Money may be defined as the
means of valuation and of
payments: as both the unit of
account and the generally
accepted m edium of
exchange.
GB msvi mviggI Av`bvb Lvwjì
msvi Abyic|
DwjwLZ msvq ewYZ gy`vi ewk :
1 . w e w b g q g v a g n I q v| 2 .
evc Kfve mgv` Z nIqv| 3.
cwigvYi gvb` nIqv| 4. m`
msiYi gvag nIqv|

DwjwLZ ewkmg~ni msw evLv
wbic :
1. wewbgq gvag nIqv
c ZK gvby li Rxe b w ewf b
wRwbmi cqvRb nq| wK cZK
wRwbm cZKi wbKU _vKv Riwi
bq| mPivPi Avgvì ga hv `Lv
hvq h, GKwU wRwbm GKRbi KvQ
AvQ wK AviKRbi wbKU Zv
bB| ZLb GKRbi mv_
AviKRbi jb`b I wewbgq
cwZ Kx ne?
cYK wewbgq gvag evbvbv RwUj
Kbbv c ZK gvby li me mgq
cwZwU cYi cqvRb nq bv| Ges
cZKi Rb c ZK cYi Ici
m nIqvI Riwi bq| ZvB Avjvn
ZvAvjv ^Y-icvK wewbgqi gvag
wnme m w KiQb| Ges cZK
gvby li A i DfqwUi c w Z Ggb
AvKl Y Xj w`qQb h, cZK
^fveMZfveI GK MnY KiZ eva
my Z ivs jb`bi ijM _K
A`vewa GUv MnYhvM I mgv`Z|
gwjKfve GwU GLbI
wewbgqgvag| hwÌ cPjbi
gy` vi Awbw nZ gg evcKZi nZ
PjQ|
2. gy` v evcKfve mgv` Z nIqv|
Kvbv wRwbm gy` v nIqvi Rb Gi
ga evcKfve Mn YhvM nIqvi
YvY we`gvb _vKv Riwi|
3. gy ` v cwigvYi gvb` nIqv|
cYi g~ji cwigvY Kx ne? hw`
Zvi Rb Kvbv gvb` Ges cwigvY
wbaviY bv nq| Zvnj cZKB wbR
Abyg vb Abyh vqx wewfb aibi g~ j
wbaviY Kie| hvi viv SMov mw
ne| D`vniY^ i c hw` gy ` v bv
_vKZ, Zvnj GKwU DUi g~j cY
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
11
Ges Abvb wRwbmi wewbgq Kx

ne? G evcvi wmv M n Y Kiv
`y t mva evcvi nq ù v ovZ| gy ` v
cw Z G m g mv m gva vb K i
w`qQ| GLb gy` vK cwigvc Ges
gvb` wnme mve Kiv nqQ|
GLb gy`v viv DUi g~j wbaviY Kiv
mnR| cY viv hwU Ame Ges G
Kvbv SMov ev mgmvi
myLxb nZ ne bv|
4. m` msiY Gi gvag nIqv|
Gi A_ nQ GB h, Kviv wbKU
Kvbv wRwbm _vKj Gi g~ j
IVvbvgv KiZ _vK| Zv Qvov GUv
Kvbv AvekK bq h, me mgqB
Gi Kvbv Zv cvIqv hve| GB
Rb Zvi g~ j gvb msiwZ bq|
cv i cYi cwieZ hw` gy ` v
ivLv nq| Zvnj mvaviY Aevq Gi
viv mì gvb msiwZ _vK|
Gi viv hKvbv wRwbm hLb BQv
wKbZ cvi|
AvjvPbvi mvigg :
1. ^ Y - icvi gy ` v ki
eenvii Ici mKj GKgZ GZ
dz K vnvq Kivg Ges A_ b xwZwe`
Kviv wgZ bB|
2. GKwU AwfgZ nQ GB h, ^Yicv hLb w`bvi ev ìnvgi
AvKwZZ nq, ZLb Zv gy`v ej MY
ne, Ab_vq bq|
3. GK AwfgZ Aby h vqx Gi ga
GKUz ewk evcKZv I m m viY
cvIqv hvq| hvi ga cqmvi Ici I
gy`v ki cqvM nq|
4. GK AwfgZ Aby h vqx Gi ga
evcKZv j Kiv hvq h, ^Y-icv
hKvbv AvKwZZB nvK bv Kb?
Zv gy`vi Kzgi Afz|
5. A_bxwZwe`ì wbKU gy`vi ggv_
Aviv ewk weZ Ges Zvì wbKU
gy`v cZK IB wRwbmK ej, hvi

ga Dwj w LZ ewkmg~ n cvIqv
hvq|
6. cieZx AwaKvsk Ijvgvq Kivg
I gy`vi DwjwLZ evcK A_i Ici
GKgZ|
gy ` v i c K w Z The nature of
money :
gy`vi eveZv viv Dk nQ, Zvi
c K w Z N a t u r e | GU v A b K
iZc~Y gvmAvjv| GwU wbYq e_
nj gvbeZvi mePq eo Awfkvc
Bmjvg KwVbfve wbwl my ì
weavb c qvM RwUjZv `Lv wè|
hgb myì eaZvi Rb h Amvi I
v Uvjevnvbv Pj Zba GKUv
nQ gy`vi mv_ cY Commodity
RvZ xq jb`b Kiv| A_vr
hgwbfve Kvbv e h_veB, Ni
BZvw` wew Kiv hvq Ges Zvi g~j
cviwiK mwZg wbav iY Kiv
hvq| Zgwbfve gy ` v i jb`bi
I| Zvi g~j hvB nvK bv Kb?
Face Value _K ewkI hw` nq
ZeyI Rvqh AvQ Ges GUv my` bq|
Z`c hLb GKUv `vKvb ev Ni fvov
Ìqv hvq Ges wewbgq fvov I
Dmyj Kiv nq my Zivs gy` vi I
GgbwU nIqv DwPZ| Kbbv gy ` v I
Zv GKUv e | gvUK_v, mKj
cwZì wbKU gy`v nQ GK cKvi
Commodity
mviK_v : gy`v Zvì wbKU cYèi
Afy| myZivs h Kzg jb`bi
Abvb cYi nq _vK IB
Kzg gy`vi I chvR ne| Avi
h ixwZbxwZ Abvb cYi mv_
Aej^b Kiv nq, m ixwZbxwZ gy`vi
mv_I Aej^ b Kiv ne| Zviv
cYmg~nK `yB fvM fvM KiQb|
1. eenvwiK cY (Consumption
goods)
2. Drcv`bg~jK cY (Production
goods)
eenvwiK cY viv Dk nQ, Gi
viv mivmwi gvbweK c qvRb c~ Y
nq| hgb ZvK LvIqv hvq wKsev
cvb Kiv hvq ev Zv cwiavb Kiv hvq
BZvw`|
Drcv`bg~jK cYi Dk nQ Zv
eemvhv M Trad a b le nq,
q-weq Kiv hvq| Gi viv gybvdv
Profit AR b Kiv hvq Ges fvov
Leasing Ìqv hvq| hviv gy`v K
cY gb Ki Zvì ` w Z gy ` v
wZxq c K vii A f y | my Z ivs
Abvb Drcv`bg~ j K cYi bvq
gy ` v i g aI Kg e wki mv_
q-weq ea ne Ges FYi
wewbgq my` Interest bIqv I ea
n e | h b g y ` v Z v ì w b K U
eemvhvM cY| ZvZ PvwiwK
wKsev kiqx Kvbv mgmv bB|
(The Historic Judgment on
interest)
gy`vi eveZv I cKwZi mv_ m
Dwj w LZ ` w fw GZB `y e j I
w f w n xb h , Z v a y B m j vg x
jviMYB cZvLvb Kibwb| eis
Awf A_bxwZwe`MYI Zv cZvLvb
KiQb| Avgiv GB ce mec_g
A_b xwZwe`ì ` wfwZ Zvi fzj
Dc v cb Kie| AZtci Bmjvgx
jviì gZvgZ Zzj aie|
A_ b xwZwe`ì ` w Z Dwj w LZ
gZvgZ :
Kewal krishan dewett wbR M
wjLb
How money differs from
goods? Goods are mainely of
tow types: the consumer
go o d s, a nd p r o d u c e r o f
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
12
capital goods. It can not be

consumed as such. There was
a time when some
co m m o d ities served as
money and there are
exceptional circumstances in
modern time too, e.g, in
germany in 1945 when htere
wa s hyp er in fla tio n,
cigarattes served as money.
Bu t no r m a ll y i s n o t a n
ordinary consumer good...
Gi m vi g g GB h , c Y ` e
`yaibi| (1) eenvwiK cY| (2)
cyuwR-RvZxq Drcv`bg~jK cY| gy`v
mvaviYZ c_g cKvii Af
y nZ
cvi bv| Kbbv gy`v gvbyli cqvRb
c~ i Y mivmwi KvR Avm bv|
Zgwbfve gy`v g~jab-RvZxq cYI
nZ cvi bv| g~ j ab-RvZxq cY
h g b g w kb v w i e v K u v P v g v j
gwjKfve Abgvj Drcv`b Kivi
mnvqZv Ki _vK| wK
gy ` v Z GB ewk bB| gy ` v ay
Av`vb-c`vbi gvaggv|
cdmi gynv` gyi Avjx wbR M
wjLQb h, gy`v A_vr bvU mivmwi
eenvwiK cY bq| A_ v r gy ` v
mivmwi gvbweK cqvRb c~iY KiZ
cvi bv| Kbbv GUv Ab - e ,
evmvbi mivmwi eeZ nq
bv| D`vniYîc KD ^Yi gy`v ev
KvR bvU A_ev evsK PK LZI
cvi bv, cwiavbI KiZ cvi bv|
Kvbv eenvwiK cY ay `y AevZ
gy ` v nZ cvi| 1. c vPxb mfZvi
cwiZ mvgvwRKZvi wfwZ ev
AmvaviY Ae v q| wek h y i ci
Rvgvwbiv hLb civwRZ njv, ZLb
mLvb wmMviU gy`vi vb `Lj Ki
wbqwQj|
gy`v g~jab-RvZxq cY _K I wfb|

Kbbv gy`vi Kvh g g~jabx cYi
Kvhg _K GKeviB wfb| Gi
viv evSv Mj h gy`v ay GB Rb
KvR Avm h, wewbgq gvag wnme
^xKZ|
Ludwig von mises Zvi wbR
M GB ` w fw Lb KiZ wMq
Avjv`v GKwU Aavq vcb KiQb
Money an economic good
gg| mLvb wZwb DjL KiQbMoney neither a production
good nor a consuption good.
A_ v r gy ` v g~ j abxq cYI bq,
eenvwiK cYI bq| G Aavq
jLK wev wiZ eY bv KiQb Ges
`wjj I cgvY DjL KiQb| Ze
cwikl h djvdj ei nqQ Ges
Zv bvqmsMZ ej NvlYv w`qQb|
Zv njv GB h, cYi cKvif` `yB
aibi bq eis wZb aibi| (1)
Drcv`bi DcKiYvw`| (2)
eenvii cY| (3) wewbgqi
gvag|
hw` GB `wfwK MnY Kiv nq h,
gy`v g~jabx cYi Af
y Ges Zvi
mv_ cYi gZ jb`b Kiv nq|
Zvnj GUv AvWvg w_i K_v
Aby h vqx g Z fvvi Z_v Dead
stock ne, hv Kvbv KvR Avm
bv| The theory of Money and
credit 502.
G Qvov A_ b xwZi Ici wjwLZ
Mmg~n gy`vi h msv I KvhKwiZv
eYbv Kiv nqQ| Zvi ga G K_vi
Dj L bvB h, gy ` v Drcv`bg~ j K
cYI eis Zvì mKjB gy ` v K
Media of Exchange A_ v r
wewbgqi gvag ejQb|
Dwj w LZ ` w fw mK Bmjvgx
A_bxwZwe`ì AwfgZ :
h g w b f v e A _ b xw Z w e `M Y G
` w fwK evwZj Ges wfwnxb
ejQb| Z gwbfve Avn j
BmjvgI G AwfgZwU evwZj ej
mve KiQb| Ijvgvq Bmjvgi
ga KD G gZi mg_b Kibwb|
Zvì fvlvq hwÌ myZ
Expressly-Gi Lb cvIqv hvq bv|
wK gy ` v i h c K w Z Zviv Dj L
KiQb Zv _K Gi Lb evSv
hvq| hwÌ AbK c K vkB Gi
Lb KiQb|
Avj vgv Z K x Dmgvbx mvne my ì
wei cvwK vbi mywc g KvU h
HwZnvwmK ivq w`qQb| mLvb
w Z w b B m j vg x Ge s A _ b w Z K
`wKvY G AwfgZi wevwiZ Lb
KiQb| wZwb gy ` v I cYi ga
Bmjvgx ` w KvY wZbwU gwjK
cv_K eYbv KiQb|
1. gy`v mivmwi gvbyli cqvRb c~iY
KiZ cvi bv| gy`v cY
Com mod ities Ges mev
Services MnYi Rb eenvi Kiv
nq| A_P cY mivmwi gvbexq
cqvRb c~iY mg|
2. wewfb wRwbmi wewfb aibi
gvcKvwV _vK| hgb mv nIqv `vwg
n I q v | c v i g y ` vi g a
cwigvYi gvb` Ges wewbgq gvag
Qvov Gi ga Ab Kvbv aib bB|
GB Rb GKB g~ ji gy ` v i mg
GKK Units cii 100% mgvb
mgvb nq| GK nvRvi UvKvi bZzb
bvU Avi cy i vZb bvU gvbi w`K
w`q mgvb nq|
3. cY q-weqi jb`b IB
me wRwbmi mv_B my w bw` nq,
hjvi ga G jb`b nq _vK|
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
13
hgb : KD wbw` Mvwo wKbj

weZvK mB MvwoB w`Z ne|
cv i KD KvDK wbw` bvU
`wLq cieZ x Z AbUv w`j
weZv Zv wbZ eva _vKe| Ze
kZ njv DfqUv GKB g~ j gvbi
nZ ne|
Gme gwjK cv_ K _vKv Aev q
gy`vi mv_ cYi gZv jb`b Kiv
hve bv| eis ^fveMZ w`Ki cwZ
weePbv Ki ay wewbgq gvag ch
mxgve ivLv ne|
kvBLyj Bmjvg Avjvgv Beb ZvBwgqv
(in.) KqK kZvx c~e gy`vi cKwZ
Gfve eYbv KiQb h,
ìnvg w`bvi g~j Dk bq, eis
GUv GKUv wewbgq gvag G KviY
GUvK wewbgqg~j wnme MY Kiv
nqQ cvi Abvb cY| Kbbv
mjv g~j Dk nq _vK|
Avj v gv Beb ZvBwgqv (in.) gy ` v
Ges cYi gvS cv_K eYbv
KiQb h, GUv ay wewbgq gvag
gv| gy`v mivmwi gvby li c qvRb
c~ i Y KiZ cvi bv| (gRgy A v
dZvIqv 19/251)
Avj v gv Beby j Kvwqg (in.) G
welqi Ici AZ my AvjvPbv
KiQb|
gy` v jb`bi g~j Dk bq eis
cY ARbi gvag gv| Kbbv, hw`
gy ` v cYi A f z nq Zvnj
gvby li me jb`b dvm` nq
hve| (Gjvgyj gywKqxb 2/157)
nhiZ Bgvg Mvh& h vjx (in.) gy ` v i
ev e Zv wbq we v wiZ AvjvPbv
KiQb| hvi mvi msc wbic|
Avjvn ZvAvjvi AMwbZ bqvgZi
ga _K GKwU nQ ìnvg I
w`bvi| Gjvi gvag `y w bqvi
k Ljv wVK iqQ Ges DfqwU ay
cv_i| Gjvi gvag gvbyl mivmwi

Kvbv DcKvi fvM KiZ cvi bv|
GZ`mI gvbyl Gjvi cwZ AbK
gyLvcx| Kbbv gvbyli cqvRbxq
mvgMxi ga _K wKQz wbRi KvQ
_vK Avi wKQz _vK bv| dj Zviv
Dfq cii iè`j KiZ Pvq|
dj Zvì gvS jb`b I Riwi|
wewbgqi cwigvY I wba v iY Kiv
Riwi| Kbbv GK cYi mv_ Ab
cYi Kvbv mvgmZv bB|
AZGe Ggb Aevq ZZxq AviKwU
wRwbmi c qvRb `Lv w`qQ, hv
DfqwUi cv_KK mg^q Kie Ges
mwVK g~j wbav iY Ki è| GB
Rb Avjvn ZvAvjv mvbv-icv mw
KiQb| hvZ DfqwU `yB
Amvgmc~Y wRwbmi gvS cv_K
wbimb KiZ cvi| Ges Gi ga
Avj v n ZvAvjv G inm I wbwnZ
iLQb h, Gjvi gvag Abvb
wRwbmI AR b Kiv hvq| Avi h
ew ìnvg w`bvii ga my ì
jb`b Ki m hb Avj v ni
AKZZv cKvk Kij Ges AwePvi
Kij| Kbbv Gjvi m w wbRi
Rb bq, eis cii Rb| hnZz
jb`bi Gjv g~j Dk
_vK bv| eis cY ARbB g~j Dk
nq| myZivs h ew G DfqwUi ga
eemv Kij, m DfqwUK mw inm
_K `~i Vj w`j|
Kbbv gy ` v K Acv eenvi Kiv
Ryjyg| (Bqvnqvq Dj~gywb 4/91)
myZivs gy`vi mv_ cYm~jf eenvi
Kiv Ges ZvK eemvi e evbvbv
Ryjyg| ZvB gy`vi evcvi bvq njv
h Dk Zvi m w m Dk
ZvK eenvi Kiv|
GKwU iZc~Y ck I Zvi Di :
Bgvg Mvvjx (in.)-Gi DcwiD
eei mvigg GB ù v ovq h,
ìnvg w`bvi ay gvaggv Ges

A m v g m c ~ Y w R w b m i g v S
mg^ q Kvix gvbÌ Z Z xq GKUv
e| bZzev GUv Kvbv g~j DkI
bq Avevi eemvhvM I bq| Zvi
fvl wbichLb Kvbv ew G DfqwUi g~j mv
wbq eemv Ki m hb DfqwUK
Zvi mw i inmi wecixZ eenvi
Kij| Gi Ici G ck DvwcZ nq
h, Zvnj Zv gy`vi wewbgq gy`vi
ePvKbv bvRvqh| A_P ìnvgi
wewbgq w`bvi ev Zvi wecixZ wew
kixqZi `wZ Rvqh| Ges ZvZ
Kgewk I ea| Ggwbfve DfqwUK
mgk Y xi gy K vejvq wew KivI
ea|
G c k Di Bgvg Mvvjx (in.)
wbRB w`qQb| ìnvg w`bvi mwi
Avmj Dk nQ Gi gvag cY
AR b Kiv| wK G Dk GK
cKvii gy`v Ab cKvii gy`v _K
wfb nZ cvi| my Z ivs hw` GB
jb`b _K eviY Kiv nq| Zvnj
Avmj Dk wZ ne| Ggwbfve
Avgiv mgkY xi gy` v i wewbgqKI
e a Z v w ` q w Q | (B q vn B qv q
Djywgxb 4/92)
Bgvg Mvvjxi Dii mvivsk GUvB
ei nq h, G m~ i ZI g~ j Kvq`v
_K ewZg bq| eis GZI gy`v
wewbgq gvag nIqvi mnRZv
mw Kiv| wgmii gydZx gynv: LvwZi
gy ` v I cYi gvS cv_ K eY b v
KiZ wMq ejb h, gy` vK hgxb
BZvwì Ici Zzjbv Kiv wVK bq|
Ges G Kq vm (Zzj bvKib) kixqv
wbqgbxwZ AbyhvqxI bq| Kbbv gy`v
nQ wewbgqg~ j| Avi wewbgqg~ j
fvov Ìqv I bqv ea bq| GB
Rb h, BRviv nQ DcKvwiZv Pzwi
bvg| hLvb DcKvi MnYi ci g~j
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
14
cY diZ Ìqv Riwi| ZvB Zv

Avj v gv Kvmvbx (in.) ev`vwqDm
mvbvq wKZve ejb
ìnvg w`bvi Ges Gjvi UzKivi
BRviv ea bq| Kbbv Gjv viv
ZZY ch DcKvi MnY me bq
hZY ch Gjvi me^ wejxb bv
nq| A_P BRvivi ga cYi
DcKvwiZv A f y _vK, g~j cY
bq|
W. nvg` wgmix Zvi wKZve G K_vwU
Aviv weklY Ki Gfve ejQb
h, hgxb fvov Ìqv Avi gy`v fvov
Ìqvi ga cv_K iqQ| hgxb
fvov Ìqvi ci Zvi g~j mv evwK
_vK Ges BRviv`vi ay cYi
DcKvwiZv nvwmj Ki Ges kixqv
`wZ BRvivi gwjK cKwZI ZvB|
ZvQvov BRvivi ga cYi Rwigvbv
BRviv`vZvi Ici _vK| Avi gy`vi
ga kixqZi `wZ FYMi Ici
Rgvb ev Rwigvbv _vK FY`vZvi
Ici bq| (Avi wiev LZi Iqv
mexjyj Lvjvm wgb 28)
mvivsk : gy ` v Money Ges cY
Co mm od it y Gi ga we i
c v _ K i q Q | h v A w a K v s k
A_ bxwZwe`ì wbKU ^x K Z| Ges
kixqv weklivI GKgZ| ZvB
gy` vi c Kw Z Nature Abvb cY
_K wfb Z i ne| Ges DfqUvi
mv_ c _ K c _ K gy A vgvjv ne|
DfqUvi weavb wfb wfb ne|
c ZKK wbRi gZ Ki g~ j vqb
Kiv ne| myZivs gy`v Kej wewbgq
gvag wnme eeZ ne, cY
wnme bq| gy`vK eemvi cY gb
Kiv wbZv Abvq Ges cviwiK
j b ` b i k L j v we b K i vi
bvgvi|
gy`vi cKvif` :
gy`vi wewfb w`K wnme wewfb cKvi
eYbv Kiv nqQ| gy`vi cKvimg~ni

mv_ hnZz gy ` vi Db wZ Ges Zvi
wewfb eevcbvi mv_ wbweo mK
iqQ| GB Rb gy`vi cKvimg~ni
Ici gy ` v i Db w Z, gy ` v i wewfb
eevcbv GB `yB nwWsqi AvjvK
we v wiZ eY b v Kiv ne| dK n x
bxwZgvjvi AvjvK gy`vi `ywU cKvi
iqQ1. cKZ gy`v 2. cPwjZ gy`v
(KvwR bvU AvIi Kviw Kv Kzg)
Qgb wLjKx Z_v c K Z gy ` v IB
gy ` v K ej, hvi gy ` v nIqvUv
cwifvlvi ev jb`bi Ici wbfi
bq| Zvi g~j gvb nIqv A_ev gy` v
nIqvUv cwifvlvi KviY bq, eis
^ f veRwbZ Ges c vK w ZK KviY|
hb Zvi m wKiY Creation Ges
ZwiKiYB g~ j gvb nIqvi RbB
nqQ| hgb ^ Y - icv hKvbv
AvKwZZB nvK bv Kb| cKZ gy`v
ay mvbv Avi icv| Ab Kvbv
wRwbm c K Z gy` v bq| mvbv-icv
eZxZ gy ` v RvZxq Ab wRwbmB
cvwifvwlK gy`v|
myZivs cvwifvwlK gy`v IB gy`vi bvg
h vi g ~ j g vb n Iq vU v g vb y l i
cvwifvwlK bxwZi Ici wbf ikxj|
hw` eemvqxì Did ev cPjb bv
nZv Zvnj IB e Qgb/gy`v nZv
bv| hgbUv eZ g vb mgq cP wjZ
evsK bvU BZvw`|
GKwU iZc~Y dvq`v :
GLvb GKwU ck nq h, mvbv-icv
Zv LwbR c`v_ G KviY DfqwUK
cv_i ejv nq| Zvnj Abvb
c`v_ jv ev` w`q A_P Zba
Ggb wKQzI AvQ, hv AZ g~jevb
Zv m I GUvK Kb ay mgb
wLjKx ev cKZ gy`v wnme eenvi
Kiv nq?
Di : Avjvn ZvAvjv mvbv-icvi
ga Ggb wKQz ewk iLQb,
hjv Abvb LwbR c`v_ GK

mv_ cvIqv hvq bv, Zv hZB g~jevb
nvK bv Kb|
ewk : 1. DwjwLZ cv_iq mnR
Mj hvq| mnR GjvK PY Kiv
nq| 2. mvbv-icv mnR c_K Kiv
hvq| Ges c~ b ivq mnR Rvov
jvMvbv hvq| 3. mvbv-icv viv
hKvbv wRwbmi AvKwZ mnR MVb
Kiv hvq| 4. mvbv-icvi ga
KL b v `y M m w n q b v| Zv
DcfvMi ga Kvbv cwieZ b
Avm bv| 5. G `ywU avZzK hZ w`bB
cy u Z ivLv nvK, Gi ga Kvbv
cwieZb `Lv hvq bv| 6. GjvK
Avjvn ZvAvjv Ggb wbcyY AvKwZZ
evwbqQb h, Gjvi K w gZv
ZrYvrB aiv co| 7. G `ywU avZzi
cwiwa QvU nq| 8. Gjv gvbylK
hZUz K z m`h g wZ KiZ cvi
Abjv ZZUzKz cvi bv| 9. Abvb
avZz i Zzjbvq mvbv-icvi Drcv`b
Kg| 10.Gjvi cKvi
(Classification) -Gi ga mgZv
cvIqv hvq| (gyKvvgv wdbyKz` Iqvj
eybyK 34)
gy`v Ges mì ga cv_K :
gy`v Money Ges mì Wealth
mnR evLv nQ GB h, gy`v
nQ mì GKUv cK vi| A_ vr
m` nQ evcK Avi gy ` v nQ
wbw` ev wekl mì gyKvejvq,
hvi Ae v b nQ ay GKwU c Kvi
gv| Kbbv Avjv gv Beb byR vBg
mì msv Gfve KiQbm` IB wRwbmK ej, gvbyl hvi
gvwjK nq, mUv gy`v, cY ev ccvwL
nvK wKsev Ab wKQz| (Avj-evnii
ivqK)
Avj v gv Beb gy i mì msv
Gfve KiQb- m` IBme ei
bvg hjvi Zzwg gvwjK| (wjmvbyj
Avie 13/223)
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
15
gy`v Ges Kviw bvUi cv_K :

UvKv-cqmv, ab-`jZ, ^ Y cvZi
msv c~ e we v wiZ eY b v Kiv
nqQ| A_vr hv wewbgq gvag nq|
g~ j gvb wba v iYi gvb` nq Ges
m` msiYi gvag nq| Ze
GUv AvekK bq h, AvBbMZfveI
GK evaZvg~ j K wewbgq gvag
wnme mve Kiv nqQ|
D`vniY^ i c, PK ev c v BRei
Ici DwjwLZ msvwU c hvR nq|
myZivs GUv gy`v Zv AekB Ze hw`
Kvbv ew wbR FYi PK ev
e M n Y KiZ A^ x Kvi Ki|
Zvnj ZvK Gi Ici AvBbMZfve
eva Kiv hvq bv|
Avi Kviw ejZ IB gy ` v K
evSvq, hvK Kvbv wbw` iv
wewbgq gvag wnme mve Kiv
nqQ| hw` Kvbv ew UvKvi
gvag `bv cwikva Ki Zvnj
AvBbMZfve ZvK Zv bIqvi Ici
eva Kiv ne| Gi viv evSv hvq
h, gy ` v nQ evcK Avi Kviw
nQ weklvwqZ|
m` Ges gy`vi gyKvejvq gy`v nQ
wbw` Avi m` nQ evcK| Avi
gy`v Ges Kviwi ga Kviw LvQ
Avi gy`v nQ evcK|
Kviw `yB cKvi :
(1) Ggb Kviw hvi ga wbw`
mxgv ch AvBbMZfve cwikva
Kiv hvq| Gi Pq ewk cwigvY
Ìqv nj AvBbMZfve ZvK Zv
bIqvi Rb eva Kiv ne bv|
hgb- Pvi Avbvi cqmvK Limited
legal tender ej|
(2) wZxq c K vi nQ- hvi ga
AvBbZ cwikvai mxgv wba v wiZ
_vK bv| hvK Unlimted legal
tender ej| (Bmjvg AvIi R`x`
gvqxkZ Iqv wZRviZ)
(Pje BbkvAvjvn)
ivm~j (mv.)-Gi mybvZ ZwiKvq bvgvh cwo

gydZx iwdKzj Bmjvg Avj-gv`vbx
Bmjvgi cuvPwU| Cgvb MnYi
ci Bmjvg b vgv h i iZ
mevcv ewk| gym jgvb wnme
M vU v e Qi G K gv b vg v h B
Avgvì cwZw`bi dih `vwqZ|
Avj v ni mv_ K_v ejZ Z v i
cvnvo hvIqvi c qvRb bB|
Avik cuQv Avgvì mva bB|
bvgvhB gvgbì givR| ev`v
I c f y i ga wbR b mZz e i
kZg Dcvq| ciKvj
AvgvìK cwZwU Avgji wnmve
w`Z ne gnvb Avjvni KvVMovq
ù vwoq| wRvmvi kxl ZvwjKvq
_vKe bvgvh mKxq gvKvvgv|
mB bvgvh Av`vqKvixi msLv G
wek AvR KZ Rb? Avi Avgiv
hviv bvgvh Av`vq Kwi Zvì KZ
Rbi bvgvh nQ mnxn fve,
ivm~ j (mv.)-Gi my b v Z ZwiKv
gZ| Gi Rb ay Avgvì
ARvbvB `vqx bq| iqQ h_
Aenjv| Avj Kz i Avbi fvlvq
bvgvh Aenjv Kiv gy b vwdKi
AbZg wb`k b | (m~ i vq wbmv
142) Avgiv wK gy b vwdK? bv,
Avgiv mwZKvi gymjgvb| Zvnj
mwVKfve bvgvh Av`vq Avgvì
Kb Aenjv? G welq Rvbvi
ck Avgvì Kb D`vmxbZv?
AmsL nv`xm gnvbex (mv.) mnxn
fve bvgvh Av`vq Kivi c wZ
DrmvwnZ KiQb| h_vh_fve
bvgvh Av`vq bv Ki ay `vwqZ
cvjbi gvag bvgvh cwic~Y nq
bv| eis mvgvb wU ev Aenjvi
Kvi Y b v gv h n q A I
g~ jnxb| Ggb eYb v wewfb

nv`xm GmQ| RbK mvnvex
gmwR` beexZ cek Ki bvgvh
Av`vq Kib| AZtci ivm~ j
(mv.)-Gi KvQ Gm ZuvK mvjvg
Kib| ivm~j (mv.) mvjvgi Di
w`q ZvK ejb, Zz w g cy b ivq
wMq bvgvh Av`vq Kiv, Zz w g
bvgvh Av`vq Kivwb| AZtci
IB mvnvex bvgvh Av`vq Ki ivm~j
(mv.)-Gi KvQ Gm mvjvg Kib|
ivm~ j (mv.) mvjvgi Di w`q
ZvK ejb, Zz w g cy bivq wMq
bvgvh Av`vq Kiv, Zz w g bvgvh
Av`vq Kivwb| Gfve IB
jvKwUK ivm~ j (mv.) wZbevi
GKB aibi wb`k `b| AZtci
IB jvKwU ejb, AvcbvK whwb
mZi evYx w`q c iY KiQb
Zu v i kc_ Ki ejwQ, Avwg Gi
Pq Dgic bvgvh Av`vq KiZ
cvwi bv, AvgvK Zv wkv `b|
ivm~ j (mv.) ZLb ZvK c~ Y v
bvgvh h_vh_fve wkv `b|
(eyLvix nv. 793, 6251)
wePvicwZ Avjvgv ZvKx Dmgvbx
(`v. ev.) KZB bv myì wjLQb,
bexwRi (mv.) mybvZ gyZveK bvgvh
Av`vq Kiv I Gi ewZgfve
Av`vq KivZ mgqi Kvbv
eeavb nq bv| mybvZ gZv bvgvh
Av`vq KiZ cwikg ewk nq bv,
nq bv UvKv-cqmv ev Ab Kvbv
mvgM x i c qvRb| Ze c qvRb
a y R v b v , A v i A e n j v I
D`vmxbZvK wPiZi wejxb Ki
`qv| ivm~ ji (mv.) Av`k
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
16
DxweZ nIqvi AvM n m w i

c qvRb| c qvRb c f y K m
Kivi ci Yvq my ` pwP Gev`Z
gM nIqvi| ZeB mnR ne me
eev, mdj ne Pv cPv|
gb Kib, bvgvh cvqi
cvZvjv wKejvgyLx Ki ùvovbv
my b v Z| cvqi cvZvjvK
wKejvgyLx Kiv Avi bv Kivi ga
mgqi Kvbv eeavb bB| bB
GLvb mva Amvai Kvbv
welq| GLvb AvMn I
gbbkxjZvi cqvRb| AvQ Rvbvi
cqvRb| ZvB bvgvhi i _K
kl ch hveZxq my b v Zjv
nv`xm M i Dw Z mnKvi AwZ
msc Avgiv Avj A veivi
cwievii nvZ Zz j `qvi wPv
KiwQ| G AvqvRb _K KD
mvgvbZg DcKZ nj Zv Avgvì
Rb gywi Dcvq ne| ne mevi
Rb k m^ j | DjL , bvgvh
hmKj gwnjvì Rb
wfbZv iqQ ZvI fve DjL
Kiv nqQ|
bvgvhi mybvZmg~n
bvgvh ùvovbv Aevq mybvZ 11wU
1. Dfq cvqi AvOyjmg~n
wKejvgy L x Ki ^ v fvweKfve
ù v ovbv| (ey L vix 2/924 nv.
6251, wZiwghx 1/66 nv. 304
mnxn) (we BgvgMYi MelYv
gZ cyi lì Dfq cvqi ga
wb Pvi AvOyj , Ea GKweNZ
cwigvY du v Kv ivLv ne ^ vfvweK
cwigvY|)
gwnjvMY Dfq cvqi Mvovwj
wgwjq ivLe| (gy m vb vd Beb

Avex kvqev 1/270 nv. 2794
mnxn)
2. ZvKexi Zvnixgvi mgq Pnviv
wKejvi w`K iL bRi wmR`vi
vb ivLv Ges nvZ DVvbvi mgq
gv_v bv Sz u K vbv| (gy v ìvK
nvKg 1/479 nv. 1761 mnxn,
wZiwghx 1/66 nv. 304 mnxn)
3. Dfq nvZ Kvb ch DVvbv|
A_vr Dfq nvZi evywji gv_v
Kvbi jwZ ch DVvbv| (gymwjg
1/168 nv. 391)
* gwnjvMY Zvì nvZ eyK ev Kuva
ch DVve Ges Kvcoi fZi
_K nvZ e vw ni Kie bv|
(wZiwghx 1/222 nv. 1173 mnxn,
Zveivbx Kvexi 9/144 nv. 17497
mnxn, 22/20 nv. 28 nv`xmwU
MnYhvM)
4. nvZ DVvbvi mgq AvOzjmg~n I
nvZi Zvjy wKejvgy L x ivLv|
(wZiwghx 1/56 nv. 240 mnxn,
Zve ivb x A vD mvZ 8/44 nv.
7801)
5. AvOyjmg~n ^vfvweK ivLv A_vr
GKevi wgwjqI bv ivLv, Avevi
ewk du vKv du v KvI bv ivLv|
(gyvìvK-1/234 nv. 856 mnxn)
6. Bgvgi ZvKexi Zvnixgv ejvi
ci mv_ mv_ gy v`xi ZvKexi
Zvnixgv ejv| Ze hb Bgvgi
ZvKexi Zvnixgvi c~ e gy v`xi
ZvKexi Zvnixgvi wbtkvm mgv
bv nq Zv j ivLZ ne| Gic
nj gyv`xi bvgvh fO hvIqvi
Avkv AvQ| (eyL vix 1/101 nv.
734, gy m wjg 1/177 nv. 414,
415)
7. nvZ eu v avi mgq Wvb nvZi
Zvjy evg nvZi wcVi (cvZvi)
Ici ivLv| (bvmvC 1/102 nv.
828 mnxn)
8. W vb nvZi e vy w j I
Kwbvy w j viv MvjvKvi e
evwbq evg nvZi KewR kfve
aiv| (wZiwghx-1/59 nv. 252,
bvmvC-1/102 nv. 886, Beb
gvRvn-56 nv. 811, gy m vb v d
Beb Avex kvqev 1/343 nv.
3942)
9. Dci 8 bv^ v i D wj w LZ
nv`xmi AvjvK we BgvgMY
ejb, Aewk wZb AvOy j evg
nvZi Ici ^vfvweKfve wewQq
ivLe|
gwnjvMY Wvb nvZi Zvjy evg
nvZi wcVi Ici ^vfvweKfve
ivLe| cy i li gZv k Ki
aie bv|
10 . b vwfi wbP nvZ e u vav|
(gy m vb v d Beb Avex kvqev
1/390 nv. 3959 mnxn)
* gwnjvMY Zvì nvZ Kvcoi
fZi (ey Ki Ici) ivLe|
(wZiwghx 1/222 nv. 1173 nvmvb)
11. Qvbv cov| (Avey `vD` 1/113
nv. 775, 776 mnxn)
bvgvh wKivAvZi mybvZ 7wU
1. c_g ivKvAvZ Qvbv covi ci
c~ Y AvDhy w ej v n cov| (Avey
`vD`- 1/111 nv, 764/ Beb
gvRvn- 1/443 nv. 807)
2. cwZ ivKvAvZ m~iv dvwZnv I
m~iv wgjvbvi c~e c~Y wemwgjvn
cov| (bvmvC 1/104 nv. 904)
3. m~iv dvwZnvi ci Bgvg, gyvw`
ev GKvKx bvgvhx mevB bxie
Avgxb ejv| (ey Lvix 1/108 nv.
782, gy v ìvK nvKg 2/232,
nv. 2913, mybvb
`vivKyZbx-1/263 nv. 1256)
4. dRi Ges hvnii bvgvh
wZI qvj gydvmmvj (j^v
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
17
wKi vAvZ ) A_ vr m~ i v Ryi vZ

_K m~iv eyi R ch hKvbv
m~iv cov| Avmi Ges Bkvi bvgvh
A v D m v Z g y d v mm v j ( g a g
wK i vAvZ) A_ v r m~ i v Z v wiK
_K m~ i v jvg-BqvKy b ch
hKvbv m~ i v cov| gvMwie
wKmvi gydvmmvj (QvU wKivAvZ)
A_ v r m~ iv Bhv-hy jwhjvZ& _K
m~iv bvm ch _K hKvbv
GKwU m~iv cov A_ev Ab eo m~iv
_K G cwigvY wK i vAvZ cvV
Kiv| (bvmvC 1/113 nv. 982,
gymvbvd Avyi ivvK-2/104 nv.
2672)
5. dRii c_ g ivKAvZ wZxq
ivKA vZ Acv j^ v Kiv|
Abvb Iqv Dfq ivKAvZ
wK i vAvZi cwigvY mgvb ivLv
DwPZ| (gymwjg 1/186 nv. 451,
452)
6. wKivAvZ AZ ZvovZvwo ev
GKevi axi MwZZ bv cov, eis
gag M wZZ cov| (gy m w jg
1/253 nv. 733)
7. dih bvgvhi ZZxq Ges PZy_
ivKAvZ ay m~ iv dvwZnv cov|
(eyL vix 1/107 nv. 776, gy mwjg
1/185 nv. 451)
bvgvh iKyi mybvZ 8wU
1. ZvKexi ejv Ae v q iKz Z
hvIqv| (eyLvix 1/108 nv. 789)
2. Dfq nvZ viv kfve nu v Uy
aiv| (eyLvix 1/109 nv. 790)
3. nvZi AvOy j mg~ n du v Kv Ki
Qwoq ivLv| (Avey `vD`-1/106
nv. 731 mnxn, gy m bv` Avng`
4/120 nv. 17085 mnxn)
* gwnjvMY Dfq nvZ nuvUzi Ici
^ v fvweKfve ivLe, cy i lì
gZv k Ki aie bv Ges
A v O y j j v w g w j q iv L e |
(gym vb v d Avy i ivvK 3/137

nv. 5069 mnxn)
4. Dfq nvZ m~ Y mvRv ivLv,
KbyB euvKv bv Kiv| (Avey `vD`1/107 nv. 734 nvmvb)
* gwnjvMY Zvì Dfq ev
cu v Rii m wgwjq ivLe|
(gym vb v d Avy i ivvK 3/137
nv. 5069 mnxn)
5. cvqi MvQv, nuvUy I Ei m~Y
mvRv ivLv| nu v Uy mvgbi w`K
euvKv bv Kiv| (Avey `vD`-1/125
nv. 863 nvmvb, gym bv` Avng`
4/119 nv. 17080 mnxn)
6. gv_v, wcV I Kvgi mgvb ivLv,
Du P-wbPy bv Kiv| (ey L vix-1/114
nv. 828 gymwjg-1/194 nv. 498)
* gwnjvMY iKz Z cy i lì
Zz j bvq Kg Sz u K e| (gy m vb v d
Avy i ivvK 3/137 nv. 5069
mnxn)
7. iKyZ Kgc wZbevi iKyi
Zvmexn (myenvbv ivweqvj Avhxg)
cov| (Avey `vD`-1/129 nv.
886 mnxn Beb LyRvqgv 1/334
nv. 668 nvmvb wjMvBwinx)
8. iKy nZ IVvi mgq Bgvg
mvwgAvj v wjgvb nvwg`vn& Ges
gyv`x ivevbv Iqv jvKvj nvg`
Ges GKvKx bvgvh Av`vqKvix
DfqwU ejv| (eyLvix-1/101 nv.
733,789)
we.`. iKy _K DV m~Y mvRv
nq GK Zvmexn cwigvY wifve
ùvovbv Riwi| (ey L vix -1/110
nv. 801,802)
bvgvh wmR`vi mybvZ 12wU
1. ZvKexi ejv Ae vq wmR`vq
hvIqv| (eyLvix 1/110 nv. 803)
(wmR`vq hvIqv I wmR`v nZ
ùvovbvi mgq ZvKexi GK Avwjd
_K AwaK Uvbv DwPZ bq| Aek
nì G e s ZviZxji cv_ K

_vKe|) (kvgx- 1 : 480)
2. c_g Dfq nuvUy gvwUZ ivLv|
(bvmvC 2/206 nv. 1089, Avey
`vD `1/122 nv. 838 mnxn
wjMvBwinx)
3. Zvici (nuvUy _K AvbygvwbK
GK nvZ mvgb) Dfq nvZ ivLv
Ges nvZi AvOyjmg~n wKejvgyLx
Ki m~ Y i c wgwjq ivLv|
(ey Lvix 1/114 nv. 828, mnxn
Beb Ly R vqgv 1/324 nv. 642,
643 nvmvb)
* gwnjvMY AZ Ro mo I
msKz w PZ nq w mR`v Kie|
1/242 nv. 2777 mnxn)
4. Zvici Dfq e vy wji gv_v
eive i b vK ivL v| (gy m b v`
Avngv`-4/318 nv. 18894 mnxn)
5. Zvici Kcvj ivLv| (gymbv`
Avng`-4/317 nv. 18880 mnxn)
6. AZtci `yB nvZi gvS wmR`v
Kiv Ges ` w bvKi AM f vMi
w`K ivLv| (gy m wjg-1/173 nv.
401/ gyvìvK nvKg 1/479 nv.
1761 mnxn)
7. wmR`vq cU Ei _K c_K
ivLv| (gymwjg 1/194, nv. 496,
Avey `vD `- 1/107 nv. 735
nvmvb)
* gwnjvMY Dfq ivbi m cU
wgwjq ivLe| (gy m vb vd Beb
Avex kvqev 1/242 nv. 2777
mnxn)
8. cuvRiq _K Dfq ev c_K
ivLv| (eyLvix 1/112 nvt 807)
* gw njvM Y e v q h _vmva
cu v Rii mv_ wgwjq ivLe|
1/138 nv. 2781 mnxn|)
9. KbyB gvwU I nuvUy _K c_K
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
18
ivLv| (eyLvix 1/113 nv. 822)

* gwnjvMY Kby B gvwUZ wgwjq
ivLe Ges cvqi cvZvjv
ù v ovbv bv iL (Wvb w`K ei
Ki) gvwUZ wewQq ivLe Avi
AvOz j jv h_vmva wKejvgy L x
ivLe| (gvivmxj Avex `vD` 119
nv. 87 mnxn)
10. wmR`vq Kgc wZbevi
w m R `v i Z v me x n ( my e n vb v
ivweqvj Avjv ) cov| (Avey
`vD` 1/542 nv. 870 nvmvb)
11. ZvKexi ejv Ae vq wmR`v
nZ IVv| (ey L vix-1/114 nv.
825)
12. c _g Kcvj, (Zvici bvK)
Zvici Dfq nvZ, Zvici Dfq
nu v Uy DVvbv| (gy m vb v d Avy i
ivvK-2/177 nv. 2958 mnxn)
we.`. ùvovbv Aev _K wmR`vq
hvIqvi mgq nu vUy gvwUZ jvMvi
AvM ch eyK m~Y mvRv ivLv
Riwi| AcviMZv Qvov eyK SzuwKq
wmR`vq Mj GKvwaK iKy nq
my b vZi Ljvd ne| `y wmR`vi
gvS m~ Y mvRv nq GK
Zvmexn cwigvY w i nq emv
Riwi| (mvnvevMYi Avgj _K
DZ)
bvgvh emvi mybvZ 13wU
1. evg cv wewQq Zvi Ici emv|
Wvb cv mvRvfve ù vwoq ivLv|
Dfq cvqi AvOy jmg~n mvagZv
w Ke jvi w `K gy w o q ivL v|
(eyLvix-1/114, nv. 827, gymwjg
1/194,195 nv. 498)
* gwnjvMY evg wbZ^ i Ici
eme Ges Dfq cv Wvb w`K ei
Ki w Kejvgy L x KiZ gvwUZ
wewQq ivLe| (gy m vb v d Beb
Avex kvqev-1/271 nv.2808,
5075 mnxn)
2. Dfq nvZ ivbi Ici nu v Uy
eivei Ki ivLv Ges `w `yB nuvUyi
gvS eivei ivLv| (gymwjg-1/216
nv. 580, Avey `vD`- 1/142, nv.
990)
cy i l M Y n v Z i A v O z j j v
^vfvweKfve ivLe|
* gw njvM Y w gw jq ivL e |
(gymvbvd Beb Avex
kvqev-1/270 nv. 2794 mnxn|
3. Avk&nv`y ejvi m m gagv
I evywji gv_v GK mv_ wgwjq
M v jvK vi e e vb v b v G e s
AbvwgKv I Kwbvy w jq gy woq
ivLv Ges (jv-Bjvnv ejvi mgq
kvnv`vZ AvOy j mvgvb Du P y Ki
Bkviv Kiv| AZtci Bj v j v
ejvi mgq AvOz ji gv_v mvgvb
SzuKvbv| nuvUyi mv_ bv jvMvbv|)
(Avey `vD`-1/105 nv. 726 mnxn,
bvmvC- nv. 1273 nvmvb)
4. AvLix eVK AvvwnqvZy
covi ci ì` kixd cvV Kiv|
(e y L vix 1/47 7 , nv. 3370 ,
wZiwghx- 2/186 nv. 3477)
5. ì` kixdi ci `yAvq gvQyiv
cov| (eyL vix- 1/115 nv. 834/
wZiwghx- 1/130 nv. 593)
6. Dfq w`K mvjvg wdivbv|
(gymwjg 1/181, nv. 582, wZiwghx
1/65 nv. 295)
7. Wvb w`K AvM mvjvg wdivbv|
Dfq mvjvg wKejvi w`K _K
Avi Kiv Ges mvjvgi mgq `w
Kuvai w`K ivLv| (gymwjg 1/216
nv. 582, wZiwghx 1/66 nv. 296)
8. Bgvg Dfq mvjvg gy v`x,
dikZv I bvgvhx wR bì c wZ
mvjvg Kivi wbqZ Kiv| (gymwjg
1/181 nv. 431, gymvb vd Avy i

ivvK 2/222 nv. 3141 mnxn)
9. gyv`xMY Dfq mvjvg Bgvg,
Abvb gymjx, dikZv I bvgvhx
wR bì c w Z mvjvg Kivi wbqZ
Kiv| (gy m wjg 1/181 nv. 431,
Beb gvRvn 1/65, 66 nv. 922,
mnxn gymvbvd Avyi ivvK
2/223, 224 nv. 3149, 3152
mnxn)
10. GKvKx bvgvhx ew ay
dikZvMYi c wZ mvjvg Kivi
wbqZ Kiv| (gy m vb v d Avy i
ivvK 2/221 nv. 3140 mnxn)
11. gy v`xMY Bgvgi mvjvg
wdivbvi mv_ mv_ Awej^
mvjvg wdivbv| (eyLvix 1/116 nv.
838)
12. Bgvg mvjvg wdivbvi mgq
wZxq mvjvg c_g mvjvg Acv
Av ejv Ge s c _ g mvjvg
Acv wZxq mvjvg g` Kg
Kiv| (wZiwghx 1/66 nv. 297,
gymvbvd Beb Avex kvBevn
1/300 nv. 3057 mnxn)
13. Bgvgi wZxq mvjvg wdivbv
kl nj gvme~ Ki Qy U hvIqv
bvgvh Av`vqi Rb ù v ovbv|
(gymvbvd Avyi ivvK 2/225
nv. 3156 mnxn)
gybvRvZ I `yAvi mybvZmg~n
1. Dhyi mv_ wKejvgyLx nq `yAv
Kiv| `y A vi iZ Avj v ni
c k smv Kiv G es bex Kvixg
(mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg)-Gi
Ici ì` kixd cvV Kiv| (eyLvix
2/944 nv. 6383, 2/939 nv.
6343, Avey `vD` 1/208 nv.
1481, wZiwghx 2/186 nv. 3477
mnxn)
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
19
2. Dfq nvZ ey K eivei ivLv|

(gym vb vd Avy i ivvK-2/247
nv. 3234 mnxn)
3. nvZi Zvjy Avmgvbi w`K
ck Ki ivLv| (Zveivbx Kvexi
4/137 nv. 3842 nvmvb)
4. nvZi AvOz j mg~ n ^ v fvweK
du v Kv ivLv| (gy v ìvK nvKg
1/516 nv. 1899 mnxn)
5. `ynvZi gvSLvb mvgvb duvKv
ivLv| (gy m vb v d Avy i ivvK
2/251, nv. 3249, mnxn)
6. gb w`q AvKywZ-wgbwZ mnKvi
`y Av Kiv| (m~ iv Avivd AvqvZ
55, 205)
7. Avj v ni wbKU `y Avi welqwU
wek v m I ` p Zvi mv_ evievi
PvIqv| (ey L vix 2/938 nv.
6338, gy m w jg- 2/342 nv.
6678)
8. BLjvmi mv_ wbtk `y Av
Kiv gy v nve| (m~ i v Avivd,
55 ,205 , e y L vix 1/420 nv.
2992)
9. Avj v n cvKi c k smv Ges
ivm~j (mv.)-Gi Ici ì`-mvjvg
I Avgxb ej `yAv kl Kiv|
(m~ivq BDbym, AvqvZ 10
3117 nv`xm M n YhvM, Avey
`vD`-1/135 nv. 938 nvmvb)
10. gy b vRvZi ci n q viv
gyLgj gyQ bqv| (Avey
`vD`-2/163,164 nv. 1485,
1492 nvmvb)
we.`. nv`xmi DwZi fviZ

el cPwjZ cKvkbv Abyhvqx L I
cv bv^vi DjL Kiv nqQ|
ZzivM Zxi wekevmxi BRwZgv

gydZx kixdzj AvRg
Bmjvg wek e vmxi my L -kvw Avi
mdjZvi GKgv Lv`vqx bRvg|
hLvb RvZ-cvZ, eYev` ev Mvi
Kvbv f`vf` bB| bB Kvbv
fMwjK mxgveZv| cwZ eQi wek
BRwZgv G gnvmZwU iY Kwiq
`q wekevmxK| wek HKi cZxK
ZzivM cvoi GB wek BRwZgvi m~Pbv
n q w Qj Q v cw i m i L y j bvi
gvjv invU _vbvaxb D`qcyi M vg|
c P w j Z `vIq vZ I Z ve j xM i
GKevi m~PbvjMi K_v| megv
nh i Z R x g vI. B wj q vm (i n . )
gIqvZi M v g GjvKvq G KvR
Avi KiQb| Ly e ewk kvniZ
ZLbv nq IVwb| Ggb mgq
gyR vwn` Avhg Avjv gv kvgmyj nK
dwi`cy i x (in.) Bjg Rvnix I
Bjg evZbxi ey r cw AR b kl
fviZ _K `k divi c w Z
wbjb| c_ `vIqvZ I ZvejxMi
MvovcbKvix nhiZRx nhiZ gvI.
Bwjqvm (in.)-Gi mv_ mvvZi
Dk w`wj i wbhvgy xb gviKvh
wMq DVjb| nhiZRx ZvK cq
hvicibvB Lyw k njb| ey K Rwoq
Avwjb Kijb| AbK `yAv w`jb
Ges ejjb, ZvgvK wbR `k
ZvejxMi `vwqZ wbZ ne| nhiZ
gvIjvbv kvgmyj nK dwi`cyix (in.)
GZ mwZ vcb Kijb| we`vq
wbq wdi Gjb `k|
`k divi ci xbi bvbv KvR
e nq covi cvkvcvwk ZvejxMi
KvR m~Pbv Kivi Acvq iBjb|
Gi Rb mvb KiZ jvMjb
GKRb gy Lwjm gvby li| hvK GB
gnbZi wRv`vix AcY Kiv hvq|

ZrKvjxb Ly jbvi gvj v invU _vbvi
D`qcyii cwm cxi nhiZ gvIjvbv
Avy j nvjxg mvne (in.)-Gi
evwoZ wQj GK wekvj gvìvmv|
GKw`b nhiZ dwi`cyix (in.) Zuvi
gvìvmv `LZ D`qcy i Mjb|
nVvr Zuv i Aby mvbx ` w coj GK
hye K Avjgi Ici| eqm 25/26
ne| Dj Pnviv, wekvj `n| b~i
Sjgj KiQ Zuvi Avcv`gK| GK
bRiB hb wZwb AbK wKQz ey S
djjb| e cZxwZ iZ hb AvR
wZwb nvZ cq MQb| KvQ WK
wRm Kijb, evev! Zzwg GLvb Kx
Kiv? gvIjvbv ejjb, Ryi Avwg
GB gvìvmvi wkK| cxi mvnei
RvgvZv| (wZwb wQjb cieZ x i
ZvejxMi gyiwe gvI. Avyj AvwRR
in.) nhiZ dwi`cyix (in.) ejjb,
Zz w g Avgvi mv_ Pjv, wkKZv
_vK| AZtci cxi mvnei mv_
`xN civgk Ki Zu v K KjKvZv
gviKvh cvwVq w`jb| Zvici
w`w j i w b h vg y xb I g Iqv Z
cvVvjb | gvI. B Dmy d mvne
(in.)-Gi mvwba _K ZvejxMi
KvRwU cwic~Yfve wkL `k wdi
Gjb|
Gevi evsjvi Rwgb `vIqvZ I
ZvejxMi KvR i KiZ ne|
Avj v gv kvg my j nK dw i`cy ix
(in.)-Gi civgk gvI. Avy j
AvwRR (in.) Avwgi gbvbxZ njb|
D`qcyi gvìvmv gmwR`K gviKvh
evbvbv njv| GUv wQj G `ki
gvwUZ me c _ g ZvejxMx gviKvh|
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
20
GL v b B A b y w Z n q m e c _g
BRwZgv| Gici KvRi cwiwa w`b
w`b evoZ _vKj vb msKzjvb bv
nIqvq wZxq gviKvh wba v wiZ nq
gvI. Avyj AvwRR (in.)-Gi Mvgi
evRvi gmwR`wUZ| GUv Ly j bvi
ZiLv`v evgb Wvvq AewZ| 4/5
eQi GLvb _K ZvejxMi KvR nZ
jvMj Ges cmvi nZ jvMj| ZLb
BRwZgv GB gviKvhB Aby w Z
nZv| GKevi BRwZgvq nhiZ
dwi`cyix (in.) ejjb, evev Avyj
AvwRR! M v g gviKvh nq bv|
gviKvh Ly j bv kni bqv ìKvi|
wmv Aby h vqx knii njvZjvi
ZvjveIqvjx gmwR` eZ gvb `vij
Djy g gvìvmvi gmwR` Z Z xq
gviKvh vwcZ n jv| KvR
Rvikvi Avi njv| gvI. Avyj
AvwRR (in.) me`v gviKvh Aevb
Ki mvweK w`Kwb` kbv `b| ek
KqK eQi KU Mj| BRwZgv
A b y w Z n Z _v K j | G K e vi
BRwZgvi ci nhiZ dwi`cyix (in.)
ejjb, evev Avyj AvwRR! `n GK
RvqMvq Avi in AviK RvqMvqKvR eiKZ nQ bv| GLvb
AvwjK gviKvh _vK| Zzw g XvKvi
jvjevM kvnx gmwR` Pj Gmv|
kvnx gmwR` evsjv`ki gviKvh
ne| wmv gvZveK PZz_ gviKvh
njv jvjevM kvnx gmwR`| wKQzw`b
Pjvi ci jvjevM BRwZgvi Rb
RvqMv msKz j vb njv bv| nhiZ
gvIjvbv dwi`cy i x (in.) ejjb,
`Lv, gmwRì mv_ gvV Kv_vq
AvQ| A`~ iB wQj Lvb gy n v`
gmwR`| jvjevM Kjvi Di-cwg
w`K IB gmwRì cvkB wQj GKwU
Lvjv gvV| civgk Ki mLvb
v cb Kiv njv cg gviKvh|
KqK eQi ci Lvb gynv` gmwR`

gvVI BRwZgvi RvqMv msKzjb njv
bv| civgk njv Kx Kiv hvq? nhiZ
dwi`cy i x mvne (in.) mevBK
ejjb, Avcbviv `Ly b XvKv kni
eo gvVi cvk Kv_vI Kvbv
g m w R ` A v Q w K b v ? A b K
Aby m vbi ci cvIqv Mj Ggb
GKwU gmwR`| igbv cvKi wekvj
gvVi cvk Qv GKwU gmwR`|
g vj Iq vj x g m w R ` | g m w R `w U
GKevi QvU|
dwi`cyix (in.) ejjb, gmwR` QvU
nvK ZvZ Kvbv Amy w eav bB|
cqvRb cvKi RvqMv wbq gmwR`
e o K i v h v e | c i vg k k l
gvjIqvjx gmwR` vcb Kiv njv
l gviKvh| Qq b^ ii gnbZi
l gviKvhKB Avj v n ZvAvjv
evsjv`ki K`xq gviKvh wnme
Key j Kijb| `xN w `b hver igbv
cvK B BRwZgvi AvqvRb nZ
_vK| `vIqvZ I ZvejxMi KvR
BwZemi wekgq Qwoq coQ| w`b
w`b jvK msLv ew cZ _vK|
eo cwimi AvqvRbi Dk
BRwZgv vbvwiZ nq UxZ, ZzivM
b`xi Zxi|
RvqMv msKzjvb bv nIqvZ Avevi `yB
ce AvqvRb i nq wek
BRwZgvi| Zey I jvKi Kvbv
KgwZ bB| g~j kvwgqvbvq v b bv
c q A m s L j vK ì L vj v
AvKvki wbP ev cwjw_bi QvDwb
w`q Aevb KiZ `Lv hvq| jvL
jvL jvK| KZ jvL KD mwVK
ejZ cvie bv| Aby g vb Ki bv
ej vB fv j v| kZ vwa K `ki
AwZw_ì AvMgb NUQ Gevii
wek BRwZgvq| G hb wekevmxi GK
Cgvbx wgjbgjv| Kv-kZv Avi
mgvRi Du P z - wbPz me wgjwgk

GKvKvi Uxi ZyivM cvo| eY, Mv
Avi RvZxqZvi eu v a fO mKjB
hb NvlYv KiQ gviv GK DZ|
gymjgvb gymjgvbi fvB fvB| wfb
fvlvfvlx nIqv mI GK Acii
gbi K_v ey S Z Kvbv Amy w eav
nQ bv| Ggb ewPi gvS
HKi iLv Ub `qv me nqQ
GKgv Bmjvgi gvayhZvi KviY|
BmjvgB cvi MvUv wekevmxK GK
KvZvi Ku v a Ku v a wgwjq ù v o
KivZ| GK iei my L g K
SuzKvZ| `ynvZ cZ mgî Avgxb
ejvZ| GKmv_ em Ak SivZ|
Bmjvg Zv GmQ wekevmxi KjvY
mvabi evZ v wbq| Bm jvgi
mvgwM KZv I D`viZvi dj weki
mKj `ki mKj gvbyli Rb Zv
cvjb mnR, mnbxq I ckvw`vqK|
ZvB Gi cwZ wekevmxi GZ SuvK|
Bmjvg Kvbv Aj `k ev RvwZi
gv S m xgve bq e is Bmj vg
wekevmxi ag gvbeZvi ag|
mxgve ZvejxM :
Bmjvgc~ e ag m g~ n Aj, `k ev
Mvi gvS mxgve wQj| MvUv
wekevmxi Rb chvR wQj bv| cwe
KziAvb ejv nqQ
Ge s c ZK m ` vq i R b
c_c `k K iqQ| (m~ i v iv`-7)
ZvB Zvì ZvejxM ^ x q Mvi
gvS mxgve wQj|
hgb nhiZ b~n (Av.) mK ejv
nqQ
wbq Avwg b~n K Zvi m `vqi
cwZ cvwVqwQ| (m~iv Avivd-59)
nhiZ mvjn (Av.) mK ejv
nqQ-
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
21
mvg~` m`vqi KvQ ciY KiwQ

Zvì fvB m v jn K| (m ~ iv
Avivd-73)
nhiZ kvqvBe (Av.) mK ejv
nqQ-
Avwg gv`Bqvbi cw Z Zvì fvB

kvqvBeK c i Y KiwQ| (m~ i v
Avivd-85)
nhiZ g~ m v (Av.) I Zu v i AvbxZ
wKZve mK ejv nqQ-
Avwg g~mv (Av.) K wKZve w`qwQ

Ges mwUK ebx BmivCj Rb
n`vqZ cwiYZ KiwQ| (m~iv ebx
BmivCj-2)
nhiZ Cmv (Av.) mK ejv nqQ-
Avi ebx BmivCjì Rb ivm~ j

wnme ZvK gbvbxZ Ki| (m~ iv
Avj Bgivb-49)
AZGe, G mKj ag MvUv wekevmxi
Rb me R bxb cv_q _vKZ cvi
bv| mKji Rb chvRI nZ cvi
bv| hw` Lv`vqx GB wmv Dcv
Ki MvUv `y w bqvq G mKj ag
cPvii Pv Kiv nq Ze mUv ne
wbj GK KmiZ| GZ nqZv IB
ag i Aby mvixì KvQ wbRi ag
Am~ Y g b n e| dj Zviv
wnbgbZvq fzMZ _vKe Ges bZzb
Ggb Kvbv agi mvb bvge hv
wek gq PjZ cvi| wL RMZi
eZgvb mgq Bmjvgi cwZ mevwaK
SuzK covi AbZg KviY GwU| A_ev
Zviv agK ewMZ Rxebi MwZ
cvjbxq HwQK Kvbv e gb
Kie| mgvR, `k ev wekg q Gi
cwicvjb KvwbK gb ne| dj
iv x q Rxeb ag K Dcv Kiv
ne| G KviY eZgvb wek Bmjvg

Qvov evwK me agi jvKì gvS
GKwU K_v cwZwZ nq MQ h, ag
ivRbxwZ _K m~Y Avjv`v GKwU
ewMZ welq| wekl Ki wL
RMZ GB c e v` evK c w m nq
MQ h, cvw`K `vI cvwì AwaKvi
Avi ev`kvnK `vI ev`kvi AwaKvi|
evSv Mj G mKj ag mvgwMK bq|
Rxebi mKj wekevmxK c_
`LvZ AcviM|
wekevmxi Zi :
cv i Bmjvg nQ GKwU c~ Y v
ag| me gvbyli mKj Pvwn`v c~iY
KiZ iqQ Gi ^ Q I mdj
wewa-weavb| wek g q Qwoq cov I
cwicvwjZ nIqvi mgZv iqQ
GZ| Gi Kvbv wbw` cwiwa ev
cwimxgv bB| wKqvgZ ch cw_exi
c w Z B w B w Z m n RB Gi
evevqb me| ZvB Gi ZvejxM ev
cPiYv Pje wekgq| cwe KziAvb
ejv nqQ-
GLvb BmjvgK cvwbi mv_ Zzjbv

Kiv nqQ| cvwb hgb mKji Rb
Riwi Z` c BmjvgI Riwi| cvwb
Qvov hgb KD eu v PZ cvi bv,
Bmjvg QvovI Rxebi c K Z ^ v `
K D c Z cvi b v| c w_e xi
hKvbv fL evm Kiv nvK Avi
hKvbv vb wevb cwZ ARb
Kiv nvK bv Kb K n cvwbi
AcwinvhZ v A^x Kvi KiZ cvie
bv, Z` c wbic I Bbmvdi
` w Z w e Pvi Ki j Bm jv gi
Acwinvh Z v gb wbZ eva ne|
KviY Bmjvg m Zv gvbeZvi ag,
Rxeb mvibi ag| ZvB wekevmxi
GZ Su v K Bmjvgi c w Z, wek
BRwZgvi cwZ|
bvgi gvS ecKZv :
Bmjvg Qvov Ab me agi bvgKiY
Kiv nqQ Kvbv ew, Mv ev
`ki bvg| hv g~jZ Zvi
msKxYZvKB dzwUq ZzjQ| hgb
wn`y agi bvg `ki mv_ wgwjq
ivLv nqQ| B`x ag Mvi bvg
ej `vI n gvbegjx! Zvgvì Ges wLvb I e ag ewi bvg
mevi c w Z Avwg Avj v ni c w iZ bvgKiY nqQ| cv i Bmjvg
kwUi mv_ Kvbv `k ev RvwZi
ivm~j| (m~iv Avivd-158)
mK bB| Z` c Bmjvgi Aci
bexwR gynv` (mv.) Bikv` Kib
YevPK bvgjvi Ae vI ZvB|
hgbc~ei bexMYK ay wbR m`vqi

Rb cvVvbv nZv, Avi AvgvK mgM
cwe Kz i Avbi wewfb AvqvZ
wekevmxi Rb cvVvbv nqQ|
Dw j wL Z m vwe w j i e , m xi v Z
Aci nv`xm Bikv` nqQ gym ZvK xg, mxivwZj vn, n`vqZ I
nvbxdv BZvw` kjv wekevmxK
bexwR (mv.) ejb, AvgvK Avj vn Rvbvb w`Q h, Bmjvg Kvbv `k
ZvAvjv h n`vqZ Ges Bjg w`q ev f L i cwK mw bq ev
cvwVqQb Zvi ` v RwgZ ewlZ Kvbv Mv wekli RvwMi`vixI
ewi bvq| (eyLvix, gymwjg)
bq| A_ev ewc~Rv Zvi j bq|
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
22
`k, Mv, RvZcvZ I eY e vì

Ea gvbeZvi mvgwMK KjvYi ag
nQ Bmjvg| wekevmxi ag Bmjvg|
weZ Mw :
Bmjvg bvgwU hgb evcKZvi `vwe
ivL Gi wePiYfwgI Zgb weZ|
MvUv wek Qwoq covi gZv
m gZ v _vK vq G Z Ggb me
wewaweavb iqQ, hvi dj hKvbv
v b Bmjvg cwicvjb mnR nq
hvq| bexwR (mv.) ejb-

MvUv fgjK Avgvi Rb gmwR`
Ges cweZvi DcKiY evwbq `qv
nqQ| (Beb gvRvn)
evcK mgZv :
wekevmxi vi vi mKj `k `k
cu Q hvIqvi h evcK mgZv
Bmjvgi iqQ Zv dz U DVQ
GKwU nv`xm _K| bexwR (mv.)
ejb-

fc AewZ mKj KuvPv-cvKv Mn
Avj v n ZvAvjv BmjvgK c ek
Kiveb, mvbi mv_ nvK ev
Ac` Ki| (wgkKvZ)
AZGe wek e vcx c P vwiZ nIqvi
hvMZv iqQ GKgv Bmjvgi
gvS| ZvB wek bexi Avjgx DZ
cyiv Avjg BmjvgK cuQ `qvi
Rb Avjgx gnbZ Z_v `vIqvZ I
ZvejxMi `p cw Zv wbq GKwZ
nQ c w Z eQi| wek e vmxi GB
BRwZgv _K Bmjvgi `vIqvZ
cuQ `qv nQ cw_exi
AvbvP-KvbvP| Gi gvag Avjvn
ZvAvjv `ywbqvi eyK Bmjvgi Svv
Avevi Dxb Kieb, BbkvAvjvn|
ZvmvId ebvg cvPwe`ì loh

gydZx kvn` ingvbx
g~jZ cvPwe`ì Av`vjbi m~Pbv nq Zi kZvxi
IB mgq, hLb cy iv wL xq RMr Bmjvgi wei
wbRì zk hy evievi civRqi Mvwb enb KiwQj|
ZLb Zvì `vk wbK I MelKiv GB P ov wmv
DcbxZ njv h, eZgvb kw mvg_ Ges hy-weMni
gvag BmjvgK Av`kMZ I ivRbwZKfve gvKvejv
Kiv meci bq| AZtci Zviv h_ MelYv I `xN
wPv-fvebvi ci GB Kgcv wbaviY Kij h, eZgvb
cwiw w Z weePbvq ^ x q AvgYvZK f w gKv Ges
hycwjwm cwiZvM Ki A_ev mvgwqKfve wMZ iL
vb-wevb Ges hyw `kbi gvoK Bmjvgx `kbK
Amvi I Aeve cgvY KiZ ne Ges Awmi cwieZ
gwmi gvag gymjgvbì KvYVvmv KiZ ne|
GB nxb Dk PwiZv_ Kivi j Bmjvgi AvRb
k cwgv MelKiv wbRì ^fveRvZ kVZv Ges
a~ZZvi gvag m~`yicmvix lohi Rvj wevi Ki|
Zviv B`x agRvhK I wLvb wgkbvwiìK G K_vi
Ici Dy Kij h, BDivc Bmjvgx wkvi
bwZevPK(?) w`Kjvi Ici MelYvi Rb ^ Z
c w Zvb Mo Zvjv nvK Ges mLvb wimvP
jvim-Gi bvg axgvb wL vb MelK Ges B`x
ag R vhKì wbqvM `qv nvK| Zvì KvR ne,
Bmjvgi gwjK Drm Z_v KziAvb, nv`xm Ges Abvb
Bmjvgx Z-Dcv wbq `xN AvjvPbv-chvjvPbvi ci
Bmjvgx wkvi Avmj AvKwZKB weKZ Ki wekevmxi
mvgb bZzb MelYvi gvoK ce-wbe Ges MvKvi
Dc vcb Kiv| Zviv mLvb Ggb wKQz gbMov hy w
cgvYI ck Kie, hvi gvag B`x agi kZ Ges
wL vb agi mZZv Avcbv AvcwbB cwZfvwmZ nq
DVe| dj AvaywbK wkvq wkwZ ZiY cRb ^xq xb
mK msKxYZvq fzMe Ges wbRì gymjgvb cwiPq
w`ZI jveva Kie| c dmi Avibvi iwPZ
wcw Ps Ae Bmjvg DwjwLZ eei ^ c AKvU
cgvY cvIqv hvq|
`xNw`b ai cvPweìv KziAvb-nv`xm, mxivZzbex (mv.),
Bmjvgx AvBbkv, Bmjvgi Pwi Aavq Ges ZvmvId
(Z_v Bnmvb)-Gi Aaqb G DkB Ki AvmQ, hb
mLvb _K fzj-wU ei Ki BmjvgK KjwZ KiZ

cvi| Zvì Kg cwZ nQ, me c _g Zviv Bmjvgi
wei GKwU wg_v gZev` Zwi Ki bq| AZtci IB
gZev`wU c gvY Kivi Rb ZvixL, nv`xm, mxivZ Ges
Bmjvgx wdKni AMnYhvM Ges Amgw_Z hyw cgvY
Dc v cb Ki| m Dk mvab Zviv wg_vi cmiv
mvRvZ wKsev kVZvi Avkq wbZI waveva Ki bv| h
gZwU Zvì Dk mvab mnvqK ne, Zv ZvwK w`K
w`q hZB `yej wKsev m`nhy nvK bv Kb mwUK
Zviv wbj Zvi Pig mxgv AwZg Ki Ges Pig
cejZvi mv_ wbfihvM Ges mgw_Z ej Pvwjq `q|
Kz iAvb, nv`xm, Zvdmxikv, wdKvnkv , Kvjvgkv ,
mvnvevPwiZ, ZveCb, gy RZvn`xb, Rin-Zv`xjkv ,
KziAvb msKjb, nv`xm msKjb, nv`xmi cvgvYZv Ges
m~jyK ZixKZi eo eo kvqL, gvUK_v Bmjvgi cvq
cZK welqi Ici cvPwe`ì wekvj wekvj iPbvmvi
Ges Zvì ^NvwlZ MelYvj ce-wbe GZ ewk
Z_-Dcvi mgvnvi NUQ, hv GKRb mPZb
gymjgvbi AiI wevw Ges c~eeZx Ijvgv gvkvqL
mK Lvivc aviYv mwZ h_ ej weewPZ ne|
mvaviY gvbyl Zv Zvì lohi Rvj Lye `ZB AvUKv
coe| wekl Ki hviv BDwbfvwmwU, zj-KjR A_ev
cwgv wek wkvRb iZ ZiY mgvR Zviv cvPwe`ì
Rvj dum hvq Lye `Z|
cwgv MelKiv hvì AwaKvskB B`xevì ce v
ZvmvId hv gy j Z kixqZ gy n v`x (mv.)-Gi GK
AweQ` Ask BnmvbiB mgv_K Gi Ici MelYv Ges
Abymvbi bvg `vl-wU LuyRZ h Acwimxg Pv I
AweiZ mvabv KiQ Zv Zvì ZvmvIdi Ici iwPZ
M mvi, ce-wbe Ges BDivc ZvmvIdi cyibv,
gwjK M vewji cP vi-c mvi Ges Gi cK vkbv _K
c w ZfvZ nq| wb Zvi GKwU msw ZvwjKv
cvVKì mvgb Zzj aiZ Avgiv Pv Kie| Avi G
K_vI my h, GB KvRjv Zviv Bmjvgi mev Kivi
gb-gvbwmKZv wbq Kiwb| eis Zvì mKj cPv Ges
cqvmi GKgv Dk nQ, ZvmvIdi avb-aviYv Ges
Bmjvgx wkvq Aby c ek Ges ZvmvIdi gvag
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
23
Bmjvgi wei ^xq zk hy weRqx nIqv| ZvmvIdi

cvPxb Ges `yjf Mjvi cvywjwc LuyR LuyR ei Kiv
nQ Ges AbK UvKv-cqmv eq Ki Zvi cPvi-cmvi
Ges c K vki ee v Kiv nQ| G meB Zvì
lohiB Ask| G `vwejvi chvjvPbv Kivi j
Avgiv wb IB mg M i GKwU ZvwjKv Dc vcb
Kie, hv nqZv c v Pwe`ì nvZB c Y xZ A_ev
ZvmvIdi wKQz cvPxb gwjK M, hv Zvì mv`bvq
BDivci wewfb `k BwZga cKvwkZ nqQ| Zba
wKQz M BsiwR fvlvq, hv BwZga AvRvwZK fvlvi
^xKwZ cqQ| Avevi wKQz M Rvgvb fvlvq| Avevi
wKQz M cKvwkZ nqQ dv fvlvq|
eBqi bvg
Preaching of
islam
(Bmjvgi cwiPq)
Mystics of
Islam
(Bmjvgi m~dxMY)
Studies in
Islamic
Mysticism
(Bmjvgx ZvmvIdi
gyZvjvAv)
Mystical
Demension of
Islam
(Bmjvgi m~dx myjf
Rhev)
Oriental
Mysticism
(cvPi ZvmvId)
Sufism
(m~dx gvhnve)
KqKwU M
jLK
cKvkbv
Thomas
Arnold
Constable &
Company
Ltd. London
(U.K) 1913
Rennold. Oxford Press
a,
1914
Nicholson.
Rennold Oxford Press
A,
1921
Nicholson
Schimmel Chapel Hill,

North Carolin
a university
1975
E.H.
Palmer
London 1867
Arberry
A.J.
Allen & Unwin,

London 1950
Reprint
Harper &
Row, Newyork
(USA 1970
A, Historical
Enquiru
Concerning the
origin and
Development
of Sufism
(m~dxevì Mvovcb
Ges cPvi-cmvi
GKwU HwZnvwmK
mgxv)
An Itroduction
of sufi Doctrine
(m~wdqvbv AvKx`vi
cwiPq)
GwU MD.
Metheson Gi dv
fvlvq iwPZ eBqi
BsiwR Abyev`|
The
Transcendentel
Unity of
Religions
(gvhnve Ges
DbZvi A^vfvweK
îvPvix Kvhg)
cviwiK AvKlY
A.J.
Arberry
A,
comparative
Study of the
Philosophical
Concepts of
Sufism And
Taoism
Toshihuko, Tokyo
Izutsu
(Japan)
1966-67
Readings
from the
Mystics
Bmjvgx ZvmvIdi
wkv
Asitic
Researches
Margret
Smith
Luzac & Co,

London
1972
W.
Johnes
London
1803
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
24
J.R.A.S.
1906
burckard London 1968

TITUS
Schuor
London 1953
Frith jof
Eng.
Translation
by (Peter
Town
Send)
Hindu & Muslim

Mysticism
wn`y Ges gymjgvbi
ZvmvId
The Passion of
Al - Hallaj
Akhbar
Al-Hallaj
(AvLevij nvjvR)
Creative
Imagination in
the Sufism of
Ibne Arabi
(ZvmvId Beb
Aviexi Avwevi
wPvaviv)
Al-Muhasibi an
Early Mystic of
Banghdad
(Avj gynvmexevM`vì iKvji
m~dx)
Rabia, the
Mystic and her
Fellowsaints in
Islam
(iveqv m~wdqv Ges
Zuvi nvgLqvj
gymjgvb ez)
Ibne Taymiah's
Sharah on the
Futuh Al Ghaib
(Avjvgv Beb
ZvBwgqvi dzZzj
MvBei evLvM)
Ibne Taymia. A Sufi
Of the Qadiria Order
(Beb ZvBwgqvKvìx hyMi GKRb

m~dx)
R.C.
Zaehner
New York
(USA0 1969
Herbert
Mason
Princetion
University
Press 1982
(4Vol)
Corbin
Henry
Princetion
University
Press 1969
margret
Smithp
Philo Press
Amsterdam
Margret
Smith
Philo Press
Amsterdam
1928
Michal
Thomas
London
Simnani on
Hermann Tehran 1971
Wahdat-Al-Wujud Landolt
in Collecter
papers on
Islamic
Philosophy and
Mysticism
Shaykh Ahmad Mc gill
Cannada
Sirhindi, an
1971
outline of his
thought and
history of his
Image in the
Eyes of
prosperity.
(kvqL Avng`
wmiwn`xi aviYv I
wPvi evevqb
HwZnvwmK `wKvY)
Studies in
Islam in India
befors Shah
Waliullah
(divwm fvlvq
iwPZ)
Vorlesungen
Uber des
Islam
(divwm fvlvq
iwPZ)
Mysticque
Musalmane.
(divwm fvlvq
iwPZ)
Essai Sur les
origines du
George
Makdisi
American
Journal of
Arabic
Studies 1973
lexique technique
de la Mysticque
Muslamane
(divwm fvlvq
iwPZ)
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
25
Freeland, New Delhi

abbod
(vol 11)
Ignez
Paris 1925
Goldziher
Louis
Paris 1968
Gardet
& G.C.
Anawati
Lois
Paris 1968
Massigon
Le Passion de
Husayn ibn
Mansur Hallaj
(divwm fvlvq
iwPZ)
Culturgesc,
Hichtliche
strefz uge auf
dem Gebiete
des Islam
(divwm fvlvq
iwPZ)
Sufismus sive
theologia
(Rvgvwb fvlvq
iwPZ)
Ideen and
Gundlinier
einer
algemeine n
geschichte
der Mystic
(Rvgvwb fvlvq
iwPZ)
Sufism
Louis
Paris
Massigon
Alfred
Paris 1873
Vokramer
Persica Berlin 1921

Pantheistics
A.J.
Arberry
Muslim
Ignaz
Studies
Glodziher
The Sufi
j.
Orders in
Spencer
Islam
Trimingham
The Heritage A.J.
of Iran
Arbery
Kitabul Lamaa Edit by
R.A
Nicholson
Encyclopaedia
of Religion
and Ethics
London
1950
London
1971
Oxford
University
Press 1973
London
Ledon
(Hollend)
1914
New York
Bol VIII
1955
cwgv wek emevmKvix Bmjvgi wPik B`x-wLvbiv

Avjvni mv_ ev`vi mK vcb nIqvi AbZg gvag
Bnmvb hv cieZx hyM ZvmvId bvgB cwmw jvf KiQ,
Gi cPvi-cmvi Zvì me mvabv h wbv ev AvwiKZv
Ges Bmjvgi mevi gvbwmKZv wbq nQ bv Zv njd
KiB ejv hvq| `yjf Mjvi cvzwjwc msMn Ki Zv
Qvcvbvi eev Kiv, c Pvi-cm vi Kiv, G meB nQ
Zvì loh i B Ask wekl| G K_v Zv c ZK
mPZb I wkwZ jvK Rvbb h, Bmjvg Ges Dvni
k ewì wei Kzrmv iUvbv, ZvìK KjwZ
Kivi Accqvm Pvjvbv, AmZ Ges Aeve eYbv Zvì
w`K m Kiv Gme B`xì ^fveRvZ Pwi| hviv
cwe KziAvbi evLvq BmivCjx gbMov eYbvi GKwU
eo Ask Aby c ek NUvZ cvi Ges hviv Bmjvgx
BwZnvmi k RvgvAvZ mvnvevq Kivgi DbZ Pwi
Ges AweiYxq KxwZK weKZ Ki BwZnvmi gvoK
gvbeRvwZi mvgb Dcvcb Kivi `ytmvnm `LvZ cvi,
Zvì KvQ GB Avkv Kiv h, Zviv ZvmvIdi gZv
GKwU kixqZi iZc~Y welqK Zvi eve I AweKZ
AvKwZZ wekevmxi mvgb Dcvcb Kied evKvwg
I AZv Qvov Avi wKQzB bq| hviv Gme aviYv jvjb
Ki, Zviv g~jZ evKvi ^MB emevm Ki| ZvmvIdi
gZv Bmjvgi GKwU gwjK welqi Mvewj BDivci
wewfb `k h_vAvgwiKv, Bsjv Ges njv _K
cKvk Kivi Zvì GKwU j GwUI wQj h, B`x
wL vbiv z k hy iYvb hLb evievi civRqi
Mvwbenb KiwQj, ZLb Zviv cwZkvai bZz b Kgcv
wbav iY Ki Ges wewfb v b Bmjvgx MelYvi bvg
wewfb bZzb bZzb cwZvb Lyj em| mLvb cvPwe` I
Qviv Bmjvgi wei RbgZ Mo Zvjvi nxb ^v_
wbRì gbMov Ggb wKQz ce wbe Bmjvgx MelYvi
gvoK mviv wek Qwoq `q, hv coj mvaviY gvbyl
Bmjvgi c w Z exZk nIqvB ^ v fvweK| Gfve
cvPweìv Bmjvg Ges gym jgvbì Kzr mv iUvbv Ges
Bmjvgi mZZvK Pvj Kivi nxb Pv wj nq
coQ|
cvPweìv Bmjvgi g~j icK weKwZ Ges KjwZ Kivi
Rb Kvb aibi nvZzw o eenvi KiQb| Zv Zvì
iwPZ M v ewj _K Aby gvb Kiv hvq| D`vniY^ i c
ZvmvIdi AbZg cyivav kvBL gywnDxb Beb Aviex
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
26
(in.) Iqvn`vZz j IqvR~ ì h evLv KiwQjb

c v Pweìv Zv m~Y cwieZ b Ki w`qQb| c wm
cwgv MelK wbKjmb ^xq M Studies in islamic
(Bmjvgx ZvmvIdi chv jvPbv) Bivbi my dx Avyj
Kixgi Dw Z w`q Beb Aviexi `k b h mshvRb
Ki Zvi DkI ay GB h, ZvmvIdi GB KKvKxY
ivRc_ DZK wav- Ges mskq dj wbRì
Kvhwmw Kiv Ges ZvmvIdK weKZ Ki gvbeRvwZi
mvgb Dcvcb Kiv| hvZ gvbyl Bmjvg ag mK
exZk nq co| wbKjmb cyev Mi 149 bs cvq
ZvmvIdi msv w`Z wMq ejb h, cKZ A_ mydx
IB ew hvi wbR^ Kvbv Aw Z _vK bv eis m
Lv`vi gvS RxweZ _vK| GLvb asm nIqvUv cKZ
c vi mv_ GKxf Z nq hvIqv| mvivsk njv,
GKRb gymwjg mydxi kl cwiYvg nQ Lv`v nq hvIqv
Ges Lv`vi mv_ cfzZ Askx`vi nq hvIqv| (bvDRy
wejvn)
A_P eve Bmjvgx ZvmvIdi gwjK Dk vi
mv_ mwi GKxfZ nIqv wKsev Zvi cfz Z Askx`vi
nIqv bq| Z` c c f zi mv_ Zvi RvZ Ges YvY
Askx`vwiZ GwUI ZvmvIdi j bq| A_P Iqvn`vZzj
IqvR~ì mnR Ges mwVK evLv nQ nhiZ gyRvw`
Avjd Qvbx (in.)-Gi fvlvq asm Ges AwZi avb
Kivi A_ cfzZ Askx`vwiZ bq| Kbbv, GKRb mydx
gyivKvevi (avb) mgq wbRK vi mv_ GKxfZ ej
aviYv Ki| Zvi GB Aev gvbyli e ^ci gZvB|
A_v r Gjv wKQz B eve bq, eis Kbvgv| hgb
aib, Avcwb ^c `Ljb h, Avcwb `ki cwmWU
nq Mjb| GLb AvcwbB ejyb, mwZ mwZ wK Avcwb
cwmWU nq Mjb? KLbv bq| Z`c GKRb mydx
hLb gyivKvevi mgq wbRK Lv`vi mv_ GKxfZ `L
ZLb m eve A_ Lv`v nq hvq bv| eis Zv Zvi
Kbv _K ewk wKQz bq| (gvKZzevZ Bgvg ievbx L.
1, g. 266, c. 589)
ZvmvIdi GB cwifvlvK nhiZ kvn IjxDjvn gynvwm
`njfx (in.) Aviv Ki eYb v KiQb| Zvi
fvlvq, mydx Avjvni cg Ges gynveZ me`v wbgM Ges
wbRi Aw Z K asm Ki Zvi aviYv Aby h vqx m
Avjvni AwZ Gfve GKxfZ nq hvq, hgb jvnvi
UzKiv Avb cyo Avbi gZv jvj I cP Mig nq

hvq| gb nq hb jvnvi UzKivwUI Avb cwiYZ nq
MQ| A_P eve jvnvwU wK Avb nqwb| eis Zv
c~ e i gZv jvnvB AvQ| wVK Z` c myd xI Avj v ni
cgi Avb Rj _vK| A_P Zv wK jvnvi gZvB|
hv nvK, Gme wKQzB nQ KvwbK Qvqvg~wZi gZv wKQz
`kb, eve Zvi mv_ hvi `~ieZ x mKI LyuR cvIqv
hve bv| (nvgAvZ c. 36)
mvi K_v njv, cvPweìv Bmjvgi wei hmKj cvq
evcKfve KvR Ki hvQ, Zvi ga wewfb Bmjvgx
welq MelYvi bvg gy m wjg mgvR wev Qovbv
AbZg| GwU KLbI gy m jgvbì agx q Rxebavivi
cv_q wdKvn kv i evcvi Kz r mv iwUq, KLbI
gymjgvbì agxq Rxeb hvcbi AwePj I wbc~Y cv
ZvKjxì wei wev Qwoq, KLbI Bmjvgi Ìqv
gnvb Avjvni mv_ mK vcbi kvkZ weavb Gnmvb
Z_v ZvmvIdK weK Z Ki mLvb Kei cyu Rv, gvRvi
cuyRv, dKxi cuyRv, Mvb-ev`-evRbv, ec`v- envqvcbv I
Ak x jZvi mswgk Y NwUq gy m jgvbì Cgvb Avgj
asmi cvqZviv Ki hvQ| eZ g vb Zviv G KvR
bvgavix wKQz gymjgvb Z_vKw_Z MelKì vivI Kwiq
wbQ myKkj| nVvr Ki Kvbv MelKK AvwefyZ
nZ `Lv hvq Ges MelYvi dj ei nq wKqvgZ ch
gvbeZvi n`vqvZi gy ZcZxK mvnvevq Kivgi cwZ
wel mwi Accqvm ficyi| Kvbv Kvbv MelKi
MelYvi dj cKvwkZ nq, cwe nv`xmK mnxn-Rqxd
ej ivm~ j (mvj v j v AvjvBwn Iqvmvj vg) Gi nv`xm
mK wevw mwi gvag| Gfve wbKU AZxZ _K
gymwjg Dvni gvS agxq AvKx`v msv dvUj Zix,
wef` mw nqQ Ggb hZ bZzb w_Dwi MelYvi bvg hv
wKQz cKvk cqQ Zvi AwaKvskiB hvMm~ IB mKj
Bmjvg `ykgb cvPwe`ì mv_ Mw_Z| ZvB agxq welq
nVvr Kvbv MelK jvii Avwefve nj c_g Zvi
MelYvK Bmjvgi my PviwU `jxj h_v Kzi Avb,
mybvn, BRgv I wKqvmi Kwcv_i hvPvB Ki `LZ
ne| hvPvB evQvB bv Ki h Kvbv aibi MelYvi
cQb QzUj c`PyZ nIqvi mg~n mvebv iqQ|
Aej^b : gvnbvgv `vij Dj~g, Ìe`, BDwc, Bwqv|
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
27
gviKvh mvjvbv Bmjvnx BRwZgv :
ewZgagx GK b~ivbx AvqvRb

nvdR wiÌqvbyj Kvwì DwLqvfx
hy M hy M gnvb Avj v n AmsL
bex-ivm~ j c i Y KiQb| fvlvMv-eY wfb njI mKji Dk
I j wQj GK I Awfb| mKjB
wgwjZ nqwQjb GKB gvnbvq|
Zvì gvKQv` wQj, gvbeRvwZi
Bmjvn I mskvab| Acwe I
Kjy w lZ A i vZvK cwi I
cwikxwjZ KivB wQj Zvì Rxebi
Aw f j | m g b e x-i vm ~ j
h_vh_fve mv`b KiQb GB
i`vwqZ| Kviv Kvbv wU c`wkZ
nqwb Kv_vI| KD GgbwU gb
Kij Zvi Pig a Zv I
Mvgivnx|
ivm~ j (mv.)-Gi gvag bey I qvwZ
avivi cwimgvw NU| Gi ci
Kvbv bexi AvMgb wKqvgZ ch
Avi NUe bv| hw` KD beyIqvZi
`vwe Ki m wg_yK, `vj, `ywbqvi
wbKZg Kvdi Ges Zvi
Aby mvixivI| hnZz wKqvgZ ch
Ab Kvbv bexi AvMgY Am e |
ZvB bex (mv.)-Gi NvlYv Aby hvqx
GB cwe `vwqZ AwcZ nq DZi
k RvgvAvZ Ijvgvq Kivgi
| bexì hvM Dim~wi wnme
GB `vwqZ Ijvgvq Kivg Av`vq
Ki hvQb my P viic| Ijvgvq
Kivg KLbv Zvjxg-ZviweqvZ,
`vIqvZ-ZvejxM, IqvR-bmxnZ Ges
Aviv wewfb cwZZ GB `vwqZ
Avvg w`Qb| GiB avivevwnKZvq
emyiv LvbKvn Gg`vw`qv
Avkivwdqv Aveivwiqv c w Z eQi

AvqvRb Ki GKwU ewZgag x
Aby vb, Bmjvnx BRwZgv| ay
Avjgì AskMnY AvqvwRZ GB
ew Zg ag x BRw Zg vi GKg v
Dk, g vb eRvwZi Bmj vn I
mskvab| mviv `k _K AmsL
Avjgì AskM n Y GKwU wekvj
BRwZgv| wK bB Kvbv cPviYv,
evbvi, d zb| Bmjvn ev
mskvabi i GLvb _KB|
c P vi-hk-LvwZ bq, Avj v nfvjv
ev`vK Zvi iei mv_ mK KivB
hvi gwjK Dk| wbqg Abyhvqx
GB Bmjvnx BRwZgv Aby w Z nq
iweDj AvIqvji c_g enwZevi
I Ry g vevi wK G eQi 1 ZvwiL
Ry g vevi nIqvq c _g mvn nIqv
m eci nqwb| ZvB 1435 wnRixi
Bmjvnx BRwZgv iweDj AvIqvji
7, 8 ZvwiL I Rvbyqvwii 9, 10 ivR
enwZevi I Rygvevi AbywZ nq|
enwZevii AvM gngvbì Avmv
Avi nq| Gw`K ZLb `ki
ivRbwZK cwiwwZ wQj LyeB D|
Uvbv niZvj I jvMvZvi Aeiva
PjwQj mviv `k| mevi gb kv I
ck, Divj, `wYvj, PMvgmn
`ki wewfb Aj _K Avjgiv
Avmeb wKfve? AbKi c v e
w Q j , ` ki m vw e K c w i w w Z
weePbvq G eQii BRwZgv w MZ
Kiv nvK| wK nhiZ dKxj
wg j vZ `v.e v. w Q j b Ab o I
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
28
AwePjBRwZgv ne| nhiZi

Cgvbx Rhev I Avjvni Ici AMva
wek v m wQj `Lvi gZv| nhiZi
` w wQj nvjZ ev cwiw w Zi Ici
bq, eis whwb nvjZ ev cwiw w Zi
v, Zvi Ici| wZwb PvBjB Zv
cvib cwiwwZ kv KiZ, Aevi
cwieZb NUvZ| GKwU cwe KvRi
wmjwmjv, Kb e ne? Avj v ni
Ici fimv Ki Avgiv Pvwjq wbq
hvB, mdjZvi gvwjK gnvb Avjvn|
eyaevi gvMwiei ci _K gviKvh
cv Y gyL wiZ nq IV gngvbì
c`PviYvq| `ki c Z Aj
_K gngvbiv AvmZQb, Avi
^ QvmeK fvBqiv Zvì mvì
M n Y KiQb| G eQi gviKvhi
ZvLvmmyQvZi hme QvfvB ^Qvq
m~jyK bvg `b, ZvìKI gmwRì
PZz_ Zjvq _vKvi eev Kiv nq| hv
nvK, e n wZevi dRii bvgvh
kl gvgyj vZi ci BkivK Av`vq
Kiv nq| Gici mKvj 7Uv _K
7.45 wgwbU ch GKwU ewZgagx
gvnwdj Aby w Z nq, hv mPivPi
Kv_vI `Lv hvq bv| Zv njv, cwe
Kz i Avb ZjvIqvZi gvnwdj| G
ai b i GK w U b Z z b A b y v b i
AvqvRb Kb? nhiZIqvjv (`vgvZ
evivKvZzg) ejb, Avgvì cwZwU
xwb gvnwdj KziAvbi ZjvIqvZ
nq| wK Zv wbZv B ^|
ZjvIqvZ GKUz `xN v wqZ nj
Avgvì ga weiwfve Pj Avm|
Avdmvm! gvby li eqvb Ly e AvMn
mnKvi keY Kwi, Avi gnvb Avjvni
Kvjvg bZ Abxnv c K vk Kwi|
A_P gvbyli eqvb h n`vqvZ ne
Gi Kvbv MvivwU bB, wK cwe
Kz i Avb k e Y wZbwU DcKvi Zv
AekB nq| 1. w`ji gqjv cwivi

nq| 2. Avj v ni gy n veZ Ges
fvjvevmv mw nq| 3. cwZwU nidi
wewbgq Kgc 10wU Ki bKx
cvIqv hvq| Gme DkK mvgb
iL AvqvRb Kiv nq G
ewZgag x Aby vbi| Gici
bvkZvi weiwZ Ges Zvivbv Aby wZ
n q | Z vi vb vi c i c i i n q
BRwZgvi g~j AvbyvwbKZv| mec_g
AvKveiì gvjdz R vZ (evYx)
msewjZ wKZve _K co kvbvbv
nq| gvRvwjm Aveivi _K co
kvbvb nh iZ Iqvjvi (`vg vZ
evivKvZzg)-Gi Ljxdv, RvwgAvZzj
Aveivi-Gi gynvwm nhiZ gvIjvbv
Avhxhy j nK mvne| gvjdz R vZi
mvivsk wQj, Kzi Avb ZjvIqvZi
iZ | nhiZ kvn Aveivij nK
nvi`y C (in.) (1920-2005 Bs)
ejZb, ewk ewk KziAvb
ZjvIqvZ Kiv| Avi wefve
coZ mP nI| cov A nj
Kvbv Awf Kvixi KvQ hvI| hw`
Zvgvi Nwo b nq hvq Zvnj
Awf gKvwbKi KvQ hvI, Zvnj
Zvgvi KziAvb ZjvIqvZ A nj
Awf Kvixi KvQ Kb hZ PvI
bv? whwKii c wZ iZ v ivc Ki
Bgvg Mvvjx (in.) (505 wn.)
ejZb, whwKii gvagI hw`
Zvgvi Ai cwieZb mvwaZ bv nq
Zvnj ey S bvI Zvgvi A i
ivM v v | hgb h ew
mw` -KvwkZ Avv, m NvY-`y M
wKQzB Abyfe KiZ cvi bv| Gici
mKvj 9Uvq gmwR` nhiZ dKxj
wgjvZ (`vgvZ evivKvZzg) DcwZ
nb| mKvji eqvb nhiZIqvjv
(`vgvZ evivKvZzg) `yAvi cwZ Lye
ewk iZ v ivc Kib| nhiZ

ejb, AvgvK AbK wRvmv
Kib, nhiZ! jvMvZvi Aeiva, Uvbv
niZvj, Pviw`K ijjvBb Dco
djv nQ, mvi v `ki mv_
hvMvhvM wewQb, Avgiv BRwZgvq
Avme wKfve? Avwg ewj, Avgiv
Avcbvì Rb `y mvn c~ e _K
`yAv Avi Ki w`qwQ| n Avjvn!
hviv BLjvmi mv_ mskvabi
wbqZ GB BRwZgvq Ask M n Y
KiZ Pvq, ZvìK Zzwg mnRfve
cuwQq `vI| Avgvì `kK kvwi
`k evwbq `vI| Akvw- gvivgvwi,
nvbvnvwb, SMov, icvZ, LybvLywb e
Ki `vI| wekLjvKvixì kvb`w
_K Avgvì iv Kiv| Avgvì
Bmjvnx BRwZgv, Uxi wek BRwZgv
Key j Kiv| Avi Avcbvì `vwqZ
nQ, nhiZ BDmyd (Av.)-Gi gZv
cPv Pvwjq hvIqv| nhiZ ejb,
Avgvì A i `y Avi iZ I
gvnvZ emvZ ne| Avgiv Kvbv
gym xeZ coj ewj, `y AvI Kiv|
GUv wVK bq| eis ejZ ne, `yAvB
Kiv, Ab Avmeve ci| Avgvì
Aev Kx? Ni Pvj bB, gvìvmvq
Wvj b B , Z Lb A vg i v a bvX
ewì KvQ aibv w`B Kb? Avgiv
Zvì KvQ bv wMq gnvb Avj vni
ìevi PvBZ cvwi bv? Avgvì
GKxb cq`v KiZ ne|
Avcbvì K GK `y AvIqvjvi
we w i q vw b L vIq vi g R vi N U b v
kvbvB| Ckvi bvgvhi ci gyqvwb
hLb Lvbv LZ emj, ZLb `Lj
gmwRì KvY GK ew q
AvQ| gyqvwb ZvKI Lvbv LvIqvi
Rb WvKj m ejj, ZiKvwi Kx
AvQ? gyqvwb ejj, Wvj
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
29
kvK-mewR| jvKwU ejj, Avwg

Ijv LvB bv| ay wewiqvwb LvB|
Gici jvKwU Nywgq coj| Gw`K
gaivZ gyqvwb mvne bZ cj
h, K hb ìRvq UvKv w`Q| m
ìRv Ly j w`j GK ew ejj,
Ry i ! Avcbvi Rb wewiqvwb wbq
GmwQ| gy q vwb gb gb fvej,
GZ Avgvi Rb bq, eis gmwR`
Nyg ewwUi Rb| gyqvwb mvne
ZvK RvM Z Ki w`j| jvKwU
nvZ-gy L ay q LZ emj| hnZz
wewiqvwb ewk wQj, ZvB LvIqvi Rb
gyqvwbKI WvKj| gyqvwb ejj,
Avwg Lve bv eis Avcwb GLb wKQz
Lvb, Aewkjv mKvj Lveb|
jvKwU ejj, Avwg evwm wewiqvwb LvB
bv| my e nvbvj v n! Avj v ni RvZi
Ici GB jvKwUi KZ wekvm `Lyb!
Bmjvnx BRwZgvi DkB nQ,
`y AvIqvjv nIqv| Avj vni RvZi
Ici c~Y Avv mw nIqv| Avgvì
wPik BewjkI em bB| m
AvgvìK wewfb fve auvKv w`Z
Pv Ki| GB ej kqZvb Avgvì
au v Kv `q h, Zz B Zv eo cvcx,
Zvi `yAv Avjvni ìevi MnYhvM
ne bv! myZivs Ah_v Avjvni ìevi
`yAv Ki Kvbv jvf bB| GB nQ
kqZvbi GK eo auvKv| Avi fvB!
bvnMvii bvn Zv Avj v n gvd
Kieb| AvjvnIqvjvì Zv Kvbv
bvn bB| nv`xm kixdjv co
`Lyb,
bvn _K ZvIevKvix ew
wbvc ewi mv` k nq hvq|
AviKwU nv`xm AvQ-

A_ v r Kvbv ew w`b mievi
bvn Kivi ciI hw` gv c v _ b v
Ki Zvnj Zvi `yAv AekB Keyj

Kiv ne| bvn gvd nIqvi mnR
cwZ nQ ZvIev Kiv, Kvwjgvq
ZvBwqevn, ì` kixd, Bw M dvi
co Lvjm w`j ZvIevn KiZ
cvij Avcbvi Rb iqQ gnvb
cfzi c _K GB NvlYv,
Zvì bvnjv
gnvb Avj v n mIqve viv cwieZ b
Ki èb| Gici nhiZIqvjv
GKwU Cgvb`x NUbv kvbvb|
GKevi GK Aj ew GKevi e
nq hvq| mLvb wQj Avjvni GK
Ijx| jvKiv Zvi KvQ wMq ejj,
nhiZ! Avgiv AbvewZ K cvwQ|
Avcwb hw` BwmKvi bvgvh (Avjvni
ìevi e w PvIqvi Rb h wekl
bvgvh cov nq) co Avgvì Rb
GKUz `y Av Kib, Zvnj gnvb
Avj v n nqZv Avgvì Aj e w
elY Kieb| IB eyRyM Uvbv wZb w`b
Bw mKvi bvgvh Av`vq Kib wK
e wi Kvbv bvg-MI `Lv hvQ
bv| IB eyRyM Awi nq coj gnvb
Avj v n ZvK Bjnvg Kijb h,
Zvgvì GjvKvi AgyK cvcx ew
hw` Avgvi KvQ ^xq KZKgi Rb
ZvIev Ki Zvnj Avwg Zvgvì
Ici ew elY Kie| Zzwg Zv Kvbv
cvc K i vw b| Z L b IB e y R y M
jvKìK ejjb, AgyK ewK
ZvIev KiZ ejv, Zvnj Zvgvì
Ici e w ewl Z ne| IB jvKwU
gy b vRvZ Ki nvZ bvgvbvi c~ e B
cy iv GjvKvq gy ljavi ew Avi
nq Mj| `Lyb! Kx Avh NUbv|
iY ivLeb, Avjvni ingZ _K
wbivk nIqv wbla| Avgvì AvKx`v
nQ, Avjvni
ingZ _K bivk nIqv Kz d ix|
`yAv KZ w`b KiZ _vKe? hZ w`b

Dk AwR Z ne bv, Z_v g Z z
ch| Avcbvi `yAv hw` Keyj bv nq
Zvnj Avcwb Avjvni ìevi Qo
Ab Kvb ìevi hveb? Avj v ni
ìevi Qvov wK Ab Kvbv ìevi
AvQ? bB| `yAv Keyj nvK ev bv
nvK , IB ìevi Qo hveb
Kv_vq? GK wKZve RbK eyRyMi
GKwU Avh NUbv cojvg| GK
ey R y M c w Z eQi nR wMq hLb
ejZb, n Avjvn!
Zvgvi ev`v nvwRi| ZLb Di
AvmZ Zvgvi Avmv Keyj nj
bv| G w`K c w Z eQi Zvi G
NUbvjv Ab GK eyRyM `LZb|
GKevi wZwb ZvK ejjb, Avcbvi
nR hLb Key j nQ bv Gi ciI
Avcwb cwZ eQi nR KiZ Avmb
Kb? ZLb c _ g ey R y M ^ Y v i
j L vi g Z v H w Z n vw m K D i
w`qwQjb, fvB! Key j nvK ev bv
nvK, ìevi Zv GKUvB, IUv Qo
hve Kv_vq? Zvi G Ae v `L
Avj v ni ingZ Rvk Gm Mj|
Avmgvb _K Di Gjv,
n Avgvi ev`v! Avwg Zvgvi
WvK nvwRi| Avjvni ingZ Rvk
wbq Avmvi Pv Kib| ev`vi KvQ
aibv `qvi gb-gvbwmKZv cwiZvM
Kib| AbK mgq ev`v PvBZ _vK
wK Zvi `yAv Keyj nq bv| KviY
Zvi PvIqv Avj v ni KvQ GZB
cQ`bxq h, m hZ Pvq Avjvni ZZ
fvjv jvM| GRb Keyj bv njI
wbivk nZ bB| Avj v ni A` k
fvvi _K bqvi iv v Aej^ b
Kib| Kb Puv `v KiZ ne? kvn
Aveivij nK (in.) ejZb
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
30
Avj vni KvQ c qvRb Ly j ejv|

ev`vi KvQ Zvgvi Ae v Zz j
aiv| Zvi KvQ PvBe Kb? Avgiv
hLb c _ g gviKvhi wicvU Zwi
Kwi , Z Lb m Lv b jLv w Qj,
(AvKzj Ave`b) nhiZ
nvi`yC (in.) Zv `L ejjb,
AvKzj Ave`b Avevi Kx? eis wjLyb,

Gi Pq Kvbv iZc~Y LvZ hw` bv
cq _vKb, Zvnj GLvb fvjv
KvR AskM n Y KiZ cvib|
gvAvwidzm mybvb cYZv gvIjvbv
BDmyd web byix (in.) (g. 1397 wn.)
ejZb, Pvi aibi Avmeve (RxweKv
wbevni gvag) iqQ| 1. PvKwi 2.
K w l 3. eemv-evwYRGB wZbwU
DcKiY Avjg Djvgv, mvaviY
cvewjK mevi Rb| 4. PZz_ DcKiY
nQ, `yAv| wKQz jvK `yAvi gvag
Pj| mvnvevq Kivg (iv.)I GB
PviwU DcKiYB Aej^b KiQb|
K D w Q j b P vK w i R xe x , K D
Z-Lvgvi wbq e _vKZb,
KDev w Qjb e emvqx, Avevi
AbKB wQjb, hviv `yAvi gvag
wbRì me c qvRb c~Y KiZb|
(hgb Avmnve myd dv) Ze iY
ivLeb, DwjwLZ c_g wZbwU Avmeve
nQ, AwbwZ Avi PZz _ DcKiY
nQ mywbwZ Ges m`nvZxZ|
AbK ck Kib, Ryi! `yAvIqvjv
wKfve ne? Avwg ewj, Avcwb
LvbKvnx Rxeb Af nvb| A
Zz nvb Ges AbeiZ `y Av KiZ
_vKz b | Zvnj BbkvAvj v n Avj v n
ZvAvjv AvcbvK `yAvIqvjv evwbq
èb|
mKvj 11Uvi w`K nhiZIqvjv
(`vgvZ evivKvZz g) eqvb mgv

Kib| Gici eqvb Kib, gviKvhyj
wdKwij Bmjvgx evsjv`k-Gi
wkvmwPe nhiZ gvIjvbv gy d Zx
Rvgvj Dxb my e nvbx mvne| wZwb
AvZvi whwKi mK Ly e iZc ~Y
AvjvPbv Dcvcb Kib| Rvnii
bvgvhi ci gvbeRxeb my b v Zi
eve Abykxjb GB iZc~Y welqi
Ici `qM v nx AvjvPbv Kib,
nhiZ gvIjvbv gydZx mynvBj mvne|
Gici K i vZi gvkK (Aby kxjb)
Kivb gviKvhi cavb Kvix gvIjvbv
Avy j gvey ` mvne| Avmii
bvgvhi ci gngvbiv bvkZv Ges
nhiZIqvjv (`vgvZ evivKvZzg)-Gi
mv_ gvjvKvZ Kib| gvMwiei ci
AvKveiì Aby m iY-Gi Ici
iZc~Y eqvb Kib fvjvi wewk
Avjg, nhiZIqvjvi Ljxdv gydZx
dqRy j v n mvne fvjfx| Gici
Avevi eqvb i Kib nhiZIqvjv
dKxj wgjvZ (`vgvZ evivKvZzg)|
nhiZIqvjv c_g ejb, GB b~ivbx
R j m vi b vg A vw g i L w Q j vg
mvjKxbì gvhvKviv| wK Abiv
ivLj Bmjvnx BRwZgv| Avgvì GZ
K mn Ki `~i-`~iv _K mgeZ
nIqvi GKgv KviY ^ x q AvZvi
mskvab| Avgvì Dk Kvbv
MZvbyMwZK IqvR-gvnwdj Kiv bq|
GwU Kvbv ivRbwZK mgvekI
bq| GLvb AvjvPbv ne ay gv
hgxbi wbP Ges Avmgvbi Icii
welq wbq| GLvb hgxbi Icii
wKsev Avmgvbi wbPi Kvbv
AvjvPbvB ne bv| KviY Kx Rvbb?
KviY njv, Avgiv hvì Dim~wi,
A_vr Avgvì AvKveiìK Avgiv
G cwZi IciB cqwQ| we w Uk
L`vI Av`vjbi m~wZKvMvi `vij
Djy g Ìeì cw ZvZv vZz j
Bmjvg gvIjvbv Kvmg bvby Z fx

(in.) (1248-1297 wn.) Ìe`
gvìvmvi Rb h cvVm~ w P c Y qb
KiwQjb, hv mviv wek ìm
bhvgx bvg cwiwPZ, mLvb Avcwb
RvM wZ K w el q m K K v bv
AvjvPbvB cveb bv| nqZv hgxbi
wbPi A_ev Avmgvbi Icii
A v j vP b vB m w b e w kZ n q Q
mLvb| nhiZ bvbyZfx (in.)-Gi
Dm~j nvMvbvn (A g~jbxwZ) `Lyb,
mLvb jLv AvQ, KIgx
gvìvmv miKvii mv_ m nIqv
Avwg AZ wZKi gb Kwi|
Avgiv hw` GLb miKvwi ^xKwZ wbB,
AvcwbB ejy b , bvby Z fx (in.)-Gi
mv_ Avgvì AvwiK mK web
ne wK bv? cvwKvbi gydZx AvRg
gydZx gynv` kdx (in.)
(1314-1396 wn.) ejZb,
GB ìm wbhvgx
Kvbv gbMov cvVm~ w P bq, eis
Avj v ni c _K Z_v Bjnvgx
cvVm~ w P| Avgvì AvKveiì
BLjvm Kvb chvqi wQj, Zv byb|
GZ eo BRwZgv nQ, `ki c vq
cwZwU Aj _K cwZwbwa Ijvgvq
Kivgi RgvqZ nQ, wK Kv_vI
wK GB BRwZgvi Rb cvewjwmwU
KiZ bQb? Kv_vI evbvi wKsev
d z b P v L c o Q ? K v bv
`vIqvZbvgv ev AvgY c Qvcvbv
nqQ? Di bv| KviY Avgvì
emy iv gviKvh h gnvb ey R y M i
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gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
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Avcbvì kvbvwQ| nhiZ kvn

Aveivij nK nvi`y C (in.) 1981
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Importers & General Marchant of Sanitary Goods & Bath Room Fittings
J.K SANITARY
Shop # 10, Green Super Market (Ground Floor) Green Road Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
Tel : 0088-02-9135987 Fax : 0088-02-8121538 Mobile : 0088-01675 209494, 01819 270797
E-mail: taosif07@gmail.com
Rainbow Tiles
Monalisa Tiles
2, Link Road, Nurzahan Tower, Shop No: 09

80/20 Mymansing Road, Dhaka, Bangladesh
25/2 Bir Uttam C.R. Dutta Road

Hatirpool, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Tel: 0088-029662424,
Mobile: 01675303592, 01711527232
Tel : 0088-02-9612039,
Mobile : 01674622744, 01611527232
we.`. gmwR` gvìvmvi wekl myhvM _vKe

gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
34
bvix wbhvZb iva Bmjvg

gydwZ gynvv` kvqvBe
bvix wbh v Zbi fqven wP GLbI
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Gici K? wZwb ejjb, Zvgvi
evev| (ey L vix kixd, nvw`m bs
5971) Aci GK nvw`m AvQ, GK
mvnvwe ivm~ j (mvj v j v AvjvBwn
Iqvmvj v g-Gi KvQ Gm AviR
Kijb, Avwg wRnv` hZ PvB|
ivm~j (mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg)
ZvK w R m K ij b, Zvgvi
evev-gv KD wK RxweZ AvQb?
mvnvwe nu vm~ P K Reve w`j ivm~ j
(mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg)
ejjb, hvI Zvì mev Ki Zzwg
wRnvì mIqve KvgvB Ki bvI|
Aci eYb vq AvQ, hvI Zvi KvQ
wMq em _vKv| Kbbv RvbvZ Zvi
cvqiB KvQ| (eyLvix kixd nvw`m
bs, 2642,gy m vb v d Beb Avwe
kvBev 13/80, gy m bv` Avngv`
3/429) GK nvw`m AvQ, Rvb vZ
gvqi cvqi wbP| (gy v ìvK
nvwKg, nvw`m bs 7330)
x wnme bvixi ghv`v
x wnme Bmjvg bvixRvwZK
AwaKvi I ghv `v w`qQ| ^v gxK
wb`k w`qQ xi m fvjv AvPiY
Kivi| Avj KviAvb ejv nqQ,
Avi Zvgiv xì m emevm Ki
m`vPvii mv_| Avi hw` Zvgiv

Kvbv KviY ZvìK AcQ` Kiv
Zvnj nqZv Zvgiv Ggb GKwU
e K AcQ` Kij, hvZ Avj v n
ZvAvjv cfZ KjvY iLQb| (m~iv
wbmv : 19) GK nvw`m Avjvni ivm~j
(mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg) Bikv`
Kib, Kvbv gy w gb cy i l hbv
Kvbv gy w gb bvixK AcQ` bv
Ki| (mwnn gy m wjg : nvw`m bs
1469, mybvb Beb gvRv : nvw`m bs
1979) GB nvw`m Avj v ni ivm~ j
(mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg)
`vZRxebi Kjn wbimb I bvixi
c w Z mwnsmZv `~ i xKiYi GKwU
g~ j bxwZ ej w`qQb| x i mKj
AvPiY ^ v gxi KvQ fvjv jvMe,
GUv Am e | Avevi ^ v gxi mKj
AvPiY xi KvQ fvjv bv jvMvB
^ v fvweK| KviY Avj v n ZvAvjv
K vD K B c~ Y Zv `vb K i m w
Kibwb| cZKi fZiB wKQz bv
wKQz g` ^ f ve _vKeB| fvjv I
g` wgjB gvbyl| KvRB xi Kvbv
^ fve ^v gxi KvQ AcQ` nj m
hb ah aviY Ki Ges gvmy ì
` wZ `L| xi fvjv Yjvi
w`K j Ki Avjvni kvKi Av`vq
Ki Ges Zvi cksmv Ki|
G c ZK ^ v gxi Rb ivm~ j
(mvjv j v AvjvBwn Iqvmvj vg)-Gi
RxebB Dg Av`k| ivm~j (mvjvjv
AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg) hLb Ni hZb
xì m Nii KvR kwiK nZb|
Zvì mv_ m`vPvi KiZb| xì
m Lvk-M KiZb| Zvì m
nvw mg y L K _v ej Z b| ivm ~ j
(mvjvjv AvjvBwn Iqvmvjvg) KLbv
Kvbv x K c n vi Kibwb| wZwb

hLb Zvnvy ì mgq DVZb ZLb
Lye Av ìRv LyjZb, hvZ Nii
jvKì Ny g evNvZ bv nq| wZwb
Bikv` Kib, Zvgiv xì m
Dg AvPiY Kiv| (wZiwgwR kixd :
nvw`m bs 1163) Ab nvw`m AvQ
Zvgvì ga mB Dg, h Zvi
^vgxi KvQ Dg| (Rvg wZiwgwR :
nvw`m bs 1162)
evb wnme bvixi ghv`v
evb wnmeI bvixi mvb w`qQ
Bmjvg| nvw`m kixd AvQ, Kviv
Ni hw` wZbRb ev `yRb Kbv A_ev
fwM _vK Avi m ZvìK Dg
wkv `vb Ki Ges Zvì Dg
cv weevn `q Zvnj Zvi Rb
RvbvZ IqvwRe nq hvq| Ab eYbvq
AvQ, Zvnj m Avi Avwg RvbvZ
Gic cvkvcvwk _vKe| Zvici wZwb
`y w U AvOy j cvkvcvwk iL Bkviv
Kijb|...
Kbv wnme bvixi ghv`v
Kbv wnme bvixi mvb mePq
ewk w`qQ Bmjvg| Bmjvgc~e hyM
Kbvm vb RbMnY Kiv wQj evevi
Rb KjsKRbK| Avj KviAvb
Bikv` nQ, hLb ZvìK Kbv
m vb RbMn Y Kivi mym sev` `qv
nZv ZLb jvq Zvì Pnviv
Kvjv nq hZ| Avi welv` AvQb
nq _vKZ| Zviv fveZ, jvKjv
Dcv Ki Zviv wK ZvìK iL
è, bv gvwUZ cuyZ dje| KZ
g` wQj Zvì G gbvfve| (m~iv
bvnj 58) RvwnwjqvZi hyM hLb
Kbvmvb RbMnY KivB wQj evevi
Rb KjsKRbK, hLb Kbvm v b
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
36
RbM n Y KijB Rxe Kei `qv

nZv ZLb Bmjvg Zvi AwaKvi
w`qQ Ges GB wby i c _ vi Pig
wb`v KiQ| Bikv` nqQ, Avi
hLb Rv `vdbKZ KbvK wRm
Kiv ne, Kvb Aciva ZvK nZv
Kiv nqQ ZLb Zviv Kx Reve
è? (m~iv AvZZvKfxi 8I9)
bvixi evcvi Bmjvgi bex (mv.) h
Av`k iL MQb mB Av`kB bvixi
mvb I gy w i Dcvq| G Qvov
gvbecm~Z hZ AvBb ev Av`k AvQ
mjvi gvS bvixi kvw ev gy w
bB| wK `ytLi welq njv, Avgiv
bvixi kvw LuywR gvbecm~Z mfZvq|
Aviv Avh i welq njv, h
Bmjvgi ga bvixi kvw-^wwbfi
Ki, m BmjvgKB AvRK wPwZ
Kiv nQ bvix-Dbqbi cavb Aivq
wnme| BmjvgK AvR bvixi
kic c a vb Avmvwgi KvVMovq
ù v o Kivbvi cuvqZviv KiQ wewfb
gnj| ejv nQ, Bmjvgi weavb
cvjb Kij bvix KqK hyM wcwQq
hve| Bmjvgi wnRve bvixi Rb
KjsKRbK| (bvDRy wejvn) G
aibi RNb I ag x q Aby f ~ w ZZ
AvNvZ nvbvi gZv ee gvbeZv
cwic x | Aciw`K Z_vKw_Z
AvaywbK mfZvi ewj nq bvix RvwZ
evi evi jvwZ-AcgvwbZ I wbMnxZ
nqQ Ges nQ ZvZB LuvRv nQ
bvi x ì gy w i Dcvq | Avj v n
AvgvìK ndvRZ Kib| cwe
KviAvb gnvb Avj v n ZvAvjv
ejb, bvixì mv_ m ve Rxeb
hvcb Kiv| (m~iv wbmv, AvqvZ bs
19) nvw`m kixd AvQ, bvixMY
cy i lì B mnvìv ( gy m b v`
Avngv` I Avey `vD`)
G `ki cw e I Hw Znevnx
bvixì gb ivLZ ne wèm cvjb
Avi wgwQj-wgwUs BZvw` bvix wbhvZb
ei Dcvq bq| eis Gme
ivR b w Z K K U P vj g v| e i s
bvixìK Zvì c K Z I mwVK
AwaKvi Av`vq mZK nZ ne|
c ZK cwievii bvixiv wbRì
kvjxbZvi cwZ j iL cwievii
cyil m`mìK evSve bvixì
mv_ cy i lì AvPiY Ggb nIqv
DwPZ| Gi Rb bvixìK
cqvRbxq agxq wkvq wkwZ nZ
ne| mPZb nZ ne| `ki
gv-evbMY hLb wbRì AwaKvi I
`vwqZ mK mZK neb Ges
cy i lì mv_ Zvì Avi Zvì
mv_ cyilì AvPvi AvPiY wKic wbhvZb k~bi KvUvq bg Avme|

nZ nq Zvi `xv MnY Kieb Ges G bvixì KvhKi, evemZ
Zv A vg j Avb Z m g n eb I ZvMx fwgKv ivLZ ne|
BbkvAvj v n `k ev mgvR bvix
Pkgvi RMZ hyM hyM ai weLvZ I wek
gneye AcwUKvj Kvs
GLvb AZvaywbK gwkbi mvnvh Pz cixv Kiv nq|

cvBKvwi I LyPiv `wk-we`wk Pkgv myjf g~j wew Kiv nq|
12 cvUzqvUzwj ivW, XvKv 1100

dvb : 02- 7115380 , 02- 7119911
13 Mxb mycvi gvKU, Mxb ivW,

XvKv-1215| dvb : 02-9113851
gvwmK Avj-Aveivii MvnK I GRU nIqvi wbqgvewj

MvnK nIqvi wbqg
GRU nIqvi wbqg
* Kgc 10 Kwci GRw `qv
nq|
* 20 _K 50 Kwc ch 1wU, 50
_K 100 ch 2wU, Avbyc vwZK
nvi mRb Kwc `qv nq|
* cwKv wfwcGj cvVvbv nq|

* RjvwfwK GRUì c w Z
Kz w iqvi cwKv cvVvbv nq|
jb`b AbjvBbi gvag Kiv
hve|
* 25% Kwgkb `qv nq|
* GRUì _K AM xg ev
RvgvbZ bqv nq bv|
* GRUMY hKvbv mgq cwKvi
msLv e w Ki AW v i w`Z
cvib|
evwlK Pvu`vi nvi
`k
mva.WvK iwR.WvK
evsjv`k
300
350
mvKfz `kmg~n
800
1000
gacvP
1180
1300
gvjqwkqv, wmvcy i,
B`vbwkqv
1300
1500
# BDivc, Awjqv
1600
1800
# AvgwiKv
1800
2100
#
#
#
#
1 eQii wbP MvnK Kiv nq bv| MvnK Puv`v gwbAWvi,

mivmwi Awdm ev AbjvBb evsKi gvag cvVvbv hvq|
evsK AvKvDU :
kvnRvjvj Bmjvgx evsK wjwgUW
Avj-Aveivi-401913100000129
Avj-Avivdvn Bmjvgx evsK wjwgUW
Avj-Aveivi-0861220000314
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
37
wRvmv I kiqx mgvavb

K`xq `vij BdZv evsjv`k
cwiPvjbvq : gviKvhyj wdKwij Bmjvgx evsjv`k, emyiv, XvKv|
cm : hvKvZ
Bw. nvRx gynv` Avyj evZb
AvMvev`, GP ivW,
PMvg|
wRvmv
Avgvì GjvKvi GKRb wewk ew
Zvi hvKvZi Ask GwZgì Rb
`vb Kib| GwZgì AwffveKMY
Zv MnY Ki GwZgì emevmi Ni
bv _vKvZ Zv w`q Ges Abvbì
_K cvIqv A_ w`q GwZgì Rb
Ni wbg v Y Ki w`Z PvBQb|
GgZve v q GKRb ejjb, `vZv
ewi hvKvZ Av`vq bvI nZ cvi|
AZGe `vZv ewi hvKvZ Av`vq
njv wK bv?
mgvavb
hvKvZ LvIqvi DchvMx GwZgì
AwffveKMY Zvì c _K
hvKvZi UvKv M n Y Kij hvKvZ
Av`vq nq hve| GgZve v q IB
UvKv w`q GwZgì Rb
AwffveKMY Ni wbg v Y Ki w`j
GZ hvKvZ `vZvi hvKvZ Av`vq
nIqvi ecvi Kvbv aibi mskq
bB| (Zz n dvZz j dz K v nv 1/307,
dvZvIqvq iwnwgqv 7/368)
cm : bvgvh I `yAv
gynv: nvweeyjvn evnvi
157 kvwbMi, XvKv|
wRvmv
Avgiv cvqB `wL wKQy wKQz gmwRì
Bgvg I gy mj x wewfb cK vi Avgj

Kib, hgb(1) dRii diR bvgvhi mvjvg
wdivbvi ci Bgvg mvne gyvw`ì
w`K Ny i emb, mwwjZfve
DP^ i AvDhy w ej v wnm mvwgBj
Avjxwg wgbvkkvqZvwbi ivwRg
wZbevi cob, Gici mwwjZfve
DPî m~iv nvkii kl wZb AvqvZ
GK e v i c o b , Z vi c i B g vg
(gyvw`ì w`K wdi _vKv Aevq
A_ vr w Ke j v K cQ b i L)
mwwjZfve DPî `yB nvZ DwVq
`y Av cob| Bgvg mvne Avmi
bvgvRi ci I gyvw`ì w`K Nyi
em (gy vw`ì w`K wdi _vKv
Aevq A_vr wKejvK cQb iL)
Ges mwwjZfve DPî `yB nvZ
DwVq `yAv co|
(2) Bgvg mvne c w Z e n wZevi
Bkvi bvgvh kl gy vw`ì w`K
Ny i emb I DP^ i m~i v Bqvwmb
cob Ges gy vwìv Zv kvbb,
Zvici Bgvg (gyvw`ì w`K wdi
_vKv Aevq A_vr wKejvK cQb
iL) mwwjZfve DPî `yB nvZ
DwVq `yAv Ki|
(3) wKQz wKQz gym jx cw Zevi bvgvh
kl gmwR` _K ei nIqvi c~e
Bgvg mvneK mvjvg w`q gymvdvnv
Kib I `yB nvZ eyK gvwjk Kib
mv_ mv_ Ab gy m j x ì mv_I
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
38
Gic gymvdvnv Kib| Kvbv Kvbv

mgq `y Avi c~ e mwwjZfve
DP^ i ì` cob| Cì bvgvh
kl mevi mv_ 3 evi KvjvKz wj
Kib|
mgvavb
(1) gym j xì w`K wdi emv Ges
mwwjZfve `yAv Kiv kixqZmZ
Avgj| Avi m~iv nvkii AvqvZjv
gy m jx ì kLvbv ev iY Kwiq
`qvi Dk DP^ i wZjvIqvZ
Kiv ea| Ze GUvK avivevwnK
wbqg evwbq bIqv AbywPZ| (mnxj
eyLvix 1/117)
(2) m~ i v Bqvwmb wZjvIqvZ hgb
mIqvei KvR Zv k eY I mIqve
KvR, Ze wba v wiZ Kvbv w`b ev
cvK evaZvg~jK gb Ki cvjbi
c _ v eR b xq| (wgkKvZz j gvmvexn
1/187)
(3) mvjvg gym vdvnv ev gy AvbvKvn
g~jZ mvvZi mybZ, weavq bvgvhi
ci G mKj Avgji c _v eR bxq|
`y Avi c~ e mwwjZfve DP^ i
ì` covK evaZvg~jK gb bv Kiv
nj Ges Gi viv Kviv bvgvhi
evNvZ bv nj Zv ea ne Ab_vq
bq| (wgkKvZzj gvmvexn 2/401)
cm : `vb
gynv: gvneyeyi ingvb
KwDUvi AcviUi
XvKv wjqvRuv Awdm, ebvbx, XvKv|
wRvmv
1. Avwg PvKwi cvIqvi c~ e wbqZ
KiwQjvg, PvKwi nj cv eZbi
GKwU wbw` Ask (10%) gmwR`
`vb Kie| GLb D UvKv ayg v
gmwR`B w`Z ne bvwK Bmjvg
Abygvw`Z hKvbv LvZ `qv hve?
Ges BQvj mIqve wR`v-gy ` v
mKji Rb Kiv hve wK bv?
2. myì UvKv `vbi evcvi Bmjvgx
wbqg Kx Ges KvK `qv hve? myì
UvKv w`q g vìvmv-g m wR ` I
Gw Z g L vb vi U q j U w b g vY e v
ivv-NvU Zwii KvR LiP Kiv hve
wK bv?
3. Awdm nZ kvU , cvU, my U I
Ry Z v qi Rb c ` UvKv Ab
KvR LiP Ki, Awdmi wbw` QK
kvU, cvU, myU I RyZvi weeiY wjL
Rgv w`j wg_vi bvn ne wK bv?
mgvavb
(1) Avcwb h cwigvY UvKv gmwR`
Ìqvi wbqZ KiQb Zv gmwR`
ÌqvB Dg| Ab LvZI eq Kiv
wbla bq| Bmvj mIqve wR`v-gy`v
mKji Rb Kiv hve| (iy j
gynZvi 2/441)
(2) my ì UvKv bv bIqvi Pv
Kieb| hw` wbZB nq
Mwie-wgmKxbì hviv hvKvZ LZ
cvi Zvì Ìqv Riwi| gvìvmv,
gmwR` I GwZgLvbvi UqjU ev
iv v -NvU BZvw` IB UvKv w`q
evbvbv ev Ab Kvbv KvR LiP
Kiv Rvwqh ne bv| (iy j gyn Zvi
5/99)
(3) wg_v wjL UvKv MnY Kiv bvn
ne| (mnxj eyLvix 1/10, Avyiij LvIqv Rvqh ne bv| (Avy i ij

gyLZvi 2/254)
gyLZvi 1/56, dvZvIqvq gvngyw`qv
17/336)
cm : gwkb gyiwM Wwms
gydZx gynv: ZvRyj Bmjvg
cm : BgvgwZ
evej, nweM|
gynv: Avyj LvjK
wRvmv
miKvwi cwkYcv dvgvwm
eZ g vb mgq AbK v b cvjwU cuvPwewe, RqcyinvU|
gy i wM RevB Kivi ci gwkbi wRvmv
gvag cvjK cwivi Kiv nq| G (1) gmwRì Bgvg mvne cvq I
fZii gqjv cwivi bv Kvgi ev_vi KviY Pqvi em
KiB gwkb `qv nq| hvi dj Bkvivi gvag wmR`v Kib KivZ
gydwZqvb Kivg fZii bvwofuzwo cvV I iKz ùvwoq Kib, GgZvevq
Mj MvkZi mv_ wgk hvIqvi Zvi BgvgwZZ gymjxMYi bvgvh
ce j m vebvi KviY D cwZwU nIqvi evcvi kixqZi dvqmvjv
bvRvqh ej AvmQb| wK Avwg Kx?
AbK mgq cheY Ki `wLwQ h, (2) IB Bgvg diR bvgvh kl
gwkbi Mig cvwbZ gy i wMwU h Kvbv gybvRvZ Kib bv A_P wgjv`
cwigvY D nq ZvZ ay g v ev `y Avi gvnwdj gy bvRvZ Kib,
evwnii PvgovI MvkZ wKQz Mig ck njv, diR bvgvhi ci gybvRvZ
nq, fZii bvwofu z w oZ Kvbv KiZ ne wK bv?
cKvi cfve co bv G Qvov welqwU (3) Pqvi em bvgvh coj bvgvh
eZgvb Avg nq hvQ| ZvB hnZz ne wK bv? Kvgi I cvq e_vi
igZ Gi KviY cvIqv hvq bv Ges Rb Pqvi em bvgvh coj bvgvh
welqwU evcK nq hvIqvi `wKvY ne wK bv?
_K D cwZwU nvjvj ejv hvq wK mgvavb
bv?
(1) Bgvg mvne hw` Bkviv Ki
mgvavb
wmR`v Av`vq Kib, Zvnj Zvi
Avcbvi ewYZ cheY Abyhvqx hw` cQb IB mg bvgvwh ewi bvgvh
ev e Gic nq _vK, Zvnj G ne bv, hviv iKz - wmR`v Ki
iKg gyi wMi MvkZ bvcvK ne bv bvgvh coZ mg| (Avnmvby j
eis Zv LvIqv Rvqh ne| wK hw` dvZvIqv 3/246)
dz U Mig cvwbZ RevBK Z gy i wM (2) `y Av me mgq Kiv hvq| Ze
e wkY i L `qvq f Z ii Ggb wKQz wekl I mgq AvQ
bvwofuz woi bvcvwK MvkZi fZi h `y Av Kij `y Av Key j
wgk hvIqvi ce j m vebv _vK| nIqvi K_v nv`xm kixd ewY Z
Zvnj gyiwM bvcvK nq hvIqvq Zv AvQ| Zba _K GKwU RvqMv
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
39
njv, dih bvgvhi ci `yAv Kiv|

myZivs D mgq `yAv KivK Riwi
gb bv Ki, `y Av Key j nIqvi
Avkvq Bgvg gyv`x mwwjZfve nvZ
Zz j `y Av KivZ Kvbv Avcw
bB| (wKdvqvZzj gydZx 3/330)
(3) ù vovZ I wmR`v KiZ mg
ewi Rb bvgvh ù v ovbv dih|
GgbwK cy iv mgq ù v woq _vKZ
AcviM nj hUz K z mgq ù v ovZ
cvie Zv Kvbv wKQz i Ici Vm
w`q njI IB mgqUz K z ù v ovbv
dih| myZivs h ew ùvovZ Ag
A_ev Ggb `yej, hv kixqZi `wZ
Dhi ej weewPZ; hgb ù v ovj
Amnbxq e_v AbyfZ nq, A_ev ivM
ewi AvksKv ev myZv wdi AvmZ
wej^ nIqvi AvksKveva nq| G
mKj AevZ em bvgvh Av`vq Kiv
Rvqh| myZivs ùvovZ Ag ew
hw` gvwUZ Z_v wbP em wmR`v
KiZ mg nq, Ze ZvK gvwUZ
em wmR`v mnKvi bvgvh Av`vq
KiZ ne| Pqvi ev wbP em
Bkviv Ki bvgvh cov Rvqh ne
bv| Avi hw` iKz-wmR`v`vb Ag
ew gvwUZ em Bkviv Ki bvgvh
Av`vq mg nq, GgZvevq gvwUZ
bv em, Pqvi em bvgvh cov
gvKin| nu v, hw` hKvbv fveB
Pqvi Qvov emv `ytmva nq co|
ZLb Pqvi em bvgvh Av`vq Kiv
hZ cvi| mvgvb ev_vi KviY
Pqvi em bvgvh covi h cP jb
eZgvb mgvR evcKfve cwijwZ
nQ, Zv viv bvgvh Av`vq ne bv
eis Bnv cwinvi Kiv GKv Riwi|
( L y j vm vZ z j dvZ vIq v 1 / 1 9 4 ,
dvZvIqvq iwnwgqv 9/98)
cm : bvgvh
gvIjvbv gynv: nvmvb
nweM|
wRvmv
(1) Kvbv ew `y B ivKvZwewk
bvgvhi c _g ivKvZ hw` ZvKexi
ej wmR`v _K DV fzj em hvq
Zvnj iY nIqv gv cy b ivq
ZvKexi ej ù v ove bvwK c~ e i
ZvKexiB h_ Ges G KiYxq
Kx?
(2) Kvbv ew Bgvgi mv_
bvgvhi c _ g ivKvZB AskM n Y
KiQ Ges bvgvh kl Bgvg
mvnei mv_ GKw`K mvjvg
wdivbvi ci fz j ekZ wbRK
gvmey K fe Aciw`K mvjvg bv
wdwiq ùvwoq hvq| G mgq wbRi
aviYv fz j RvbZ ci ù v woq
_KB Aciw`K mvjvg wdwiq
bvgvh kl Ki| Zvi G bvgvh mnxn
ne wK bv?
mgvavb
(1) wZb Zvmexn cwigvY mgq
AwZevwnZ nIqvi c~e ùvwoq Mj
cybivq ZvKexi ejZ ne bv Ges G
wmR`vq mv IqvwRe ne bv|
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gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
40
mgmv nqwb| wbqg njv em mvjvg

wdivbv| (dvZvIqvq gvngy w `qv
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gvIjvbv Avey eKi
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mì fvjv|
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m` bv _vK Zvnj m hvKvZ MnY
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gvag wgwbUB evwo _K UvKv Avbv
mnR| GgZvevq Kvbv m`kvjx
gy m vwdii mdi Ae v q UvKv kl
nq Mj m hvKvZ M n Y KiZ
cvie wK bv?
mgvavb
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gynv: kvgmyvgvb
XvKv|
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evRvi h Mi I Lvwmi MvkZ wew
Ki Zv `yAv Kvjvg co mwVKfve
RevB Kiv nq wK bv, Zv KD Rvb
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gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
41
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ga cwikva Kivi K_v wQj|
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gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
43
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H utchins on Encycloped ia H elicon
Publishing Ltd., 42, Hythe Bridge Street,
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Square, London, 1979, P- 680, 681, B.
World Conference on Human Rights,
Pb., NY, 1949. P. 99 Ges
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70)
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h wbRK cvnvo _K wbc Ki
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nZB _vKe, h jvK wel cvb

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wel _vKe m Zv me mgq cvb
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ci Kiv ne BbkvAvjvn|
(Pje BbkvAvjvn)
gvwmK Avj-Aveivi
48

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gvwmK

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