You are on page 1of 26

I I

IEI

PORTLAND CEMENT
ASSOCIATION

Design Constants
for Interior Cylindrical
Concrete Shells

Design Constants for


Interior Cylindrical Concrete Shells

In the discussion
of the ACI article Cylindrical SheJJ
Analysis Simplified by Beam Method by James Chinn,
design constants based on a linear transverse distribution
of longitudinal
strains, or in other words based on the
assumption
that the shells behave like a beam, were
presented by Messrs. Parme and Comer, These constants
provided a convenient
method of readily evaluating the
internal
forces and moments
created in long and in
intermediate
length cylindrical
shells by uniform arrd
dead load,
While
these constants are perfectly
satisfactory for long shells and were recommended
in this
range, some vagueness regnrding the applicable limit fnr
intermediate
length shells existed. This uncertainty was
caused primarily because the validity of the assumption
of linear strain depends not only on the ratio of radius to
longitudinal span but is as well a function of the subtended
@Portand Cement AssoclaUon196o

angle and the ratio of thickness to radius. Because of the


interdependence
of the effect of these factors, no precise
limits for the beam method could be given.
To remove this uncertainty and at the same time reduce
the labor involved in the design of cylindrical
shells
which cannot be adequately treated by the beam method,
a new series of compwable
constants
are presented in
Table 1. These constants have been computed
on the
basis of the shell theory expounded in ASCE Manual No.
31 Design of Cylindrical
Concrete Shell Roofs,
Consequently
these newer constants in contrast to those
previously given are a function of r/L and r/t as well as
the subtended angle, @k. To avoid interpolation
as much
as possible, values are given for the three r/t values of 100,
200, and 300 and for six values of r/L with r/L varying
from a low of 0.4 to a high of 2.6, For @k less than 45

support as noted by the footnote in Table 1, with no


indication of the longitudinal
distribution
of forces. The
reason for this is that the exact expression for longitudinal
distribution
even for simply supported
shells is highly
complex involving four functions. Fortunately within the
range of the tabulated values the longitudinal dktribution
can be approximated
by well recognized
relationship.
For example, as shown in Fig. 1, the distribution of T.
as might be anticipated follows very closely that given by
a parabolic distribution
as the case of a uniform load on
abeam even for widely different shells represented by r/L
equal to 0.6 and 2.6. Although the curves shown in Fig.
1 havehcen computed on thehasis of Ok = 27.5 deg., they
are typical of those for other angles.
A sinusoidal
distribution of T, would also be satisfactory.
With respect to To, for design purposes this force can
be assumed to be uniform in the longitudinal direction as
can be inferred from Fig. 2, Because the analysis has been
based on the prescribed boundary condition that the shell
is supported by a rigid member at x = O and x = L, the
value of T$ decremes theoretically
to zero at the support.
The transition from zero to the full value however takes
place over a very short interval.
Thus, especially
fur
values near the crown, the assumption
of a unifomr
distribution
of T+, is justified.
Distribution
of T+ in the
valley can also be considered
uniform even though a
careful evaluation of the distribution in this area indicates
some departure
from uniform
distribution
near the
support.
The computed variation near the support may
be due however to the sensitivity
of the results to the
number of load terrrrs used. This is primarily due to the
tlct that the absolute
value is generally
quite small
compared to the crown value with the final result equal
to the difference of almost like vahres, Because the values
are small and have almost no effect on the design, the
assumption
of uniform distribution
of T+ in the valley is
justified.
As in the case of the distribution
of the Tx furces, the
distribution
of shear can be assumed to be like that i a
beam with the shear varying Iirrcwly from a maximum
value at the support to zero value at midspan.
As shown
in Fig. 3, the distribution
as computed by the shell theory
gives slightly higher values, but the variation from the
linear distribution is negligible.
There is one important
aspect of shear distribution
which warrants some comments,
As shown in Fig. 4, in
which a plot of the transverse
distribution
nf shear at
various sections along the shell are superimposed
on each
other, the shear tends to be concentrated
towards the
valley as the support is approached,
From this plot it
should not be inferred that the magnitude of shear does
not decrease
proportionally
to the distance from the
support.
For purpose of clarity in presentation
of the
variation in transverse distribution,
all values have been
plotted in terms of the value of shear at CT= 0.5 @k. The
values hence are all relative.
While this change in
transverse shear distribution
is insignificant
with respect
to its effect on the direct stresses in the shell, it has a
pronounced
effect
on the longitudinal
moment
distribution.

deg., it was found that the modified beam method was


sufficiently
accurate for all values of r/L less than 0.6.
Thus for the portion of Table 1 dealing with @k less than
45 deg., the internal forces ure only given for values of
r/L greater than 0.6. When @kis greater than 45 deg., it
was found necessary to include an r/L as low as 0.4 to
provide a gond transition from values as computed by the
bearrr method to those computed by shell theory.
It should be noted that although values are tabulated
for r/t = 300, which represents
a shell beyond practical
limit, they have been included to avoid extrapolation
for
cases of r/t beyond 200. Likewise the selection of r/L =
2.6 represents an arbhry
limit. For values of r/L greater
than those listed the internal forces are concentrated
near
the edge. For this reason, the arrangement
of Table 1 is
not suitable for such shells.
Values have been given only for load vnrying as the
deud weight.
This is due to the fact that numerous
comparisons
made with different r/L values indicate that
the effect of a uniform
load could be very closely
approximated
by an equivalent dead weight by the simple
expression that
sirrOk
Pd=Pu

[)
The constants have been determined
on the basis that
transverse
and horizontal
displacement
of the
longitudinal
edges of the shell are prevented,
They are
thus applicable
to interior barrels in which restraint to
such movement is provided by adjacent barrels. However
they can be applied with tolerable accuracy to the interior
half of the exterior bay since the effect of disturbance
of
loads on the far edge has only minor influence on the first
interior valley.
This is especially true since to prevent
excessive deflection of the free edge an edge beam should
always be provided
(except for long shells with short
chord width) at the exterior edge.
Detcrrnination
of the internal forces in cylindrical
shells subject to uniform longitudinal loading by the shell
theory requires that the actual load he approximated
as
the sum of pnrtial loads varying sinusoidally according to
a Fourier Series in the longitudinal
direction.
From a
practical point of view generally only the first or at most
two partial
loads are used with adjustments
made
especially to the value of shear on the basis of statical
requirements.
However since Table 1 was prepared by
means of an electronic
computer,
the algebraic sum of
four partial loads was used to avoid the need of any
adjustment.
Even with this number of loads to achieve
sufficient accuracy it was found necessary in some cases
to employ Eulers convergence
technique,
The use of
such care should not hc interpreted however as needed or
justified on the basis uf underlying assumptions.
Its worth
rests solely on the fact that it permitted a more accurate
comparison
of values as the parameters
r/t and r/L are
varied, and enabled a more precise examination
of the
variation
of the internal
forces
in the longitudinal
direction.
In this connection,
the constants in Table 1 give only
the transverse distribution of forces at midspan and at the
2

while there might be significant change in the magnitude


of Tx at the edge of the shell, the total urea below the
neutral axis will be about the same for both curves. In
general, the difference
will not be greater than 3 or 4
percent. Because of this, it is sufficiently
accurate to use
the transverse
distribution
of stresses
of a simply
supported shell, irrespective
of the degree of continuity.
As shown by Dr. Olev Olsen in the article Ccmrirumus

As in the case of To, the boundary


condition
of
supports rigid in the transverse
dkection
leads to zero
moment at the support.
For long shells as discussed in
Reference 1, the moment increases at a vuriable rate from
zero at the support to a maximum value near the quarter
point, and there remains essentially uniform to midspan.
On the other hand, for shells in the range covered by Table
1, the magnitude
of the moment
increases
almost
parabolically
from the support to midsparr as shown in
Fig. 5, especially for the moment at the crown.
At the
valley, the moment increases at a slightly faster rate for
smaller r/L values as can be seen by a comparison of the
curves of Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. In determining
the amount of
transverse reinforcement
for shells with rlL about 1.0, due
account should be taken of the greater curvature of the
longitudinal
distribution
of M+.

Shells in the Proceedings of the Second Symposium of


Concrete Shell Roof Construction, the transverse
distribution
of T. for all practical purposes is uniform
tbroughuut the length of the shell.
By similar
deductive
reasoning,
the longitudinal
distribution
can also be accurately
estimated.
In long
barrel shells, because the transverse distribution is almost
linear, it is apparent that the magnihrde
of T. at any
section will be to the Tx in a simply supported shell as the
ratio of the moment in a continuous beam of equal length
and support condition
is to the simple beam bending
moment. For short barrel shells, because of the effect of
sheur strain, the longitudinal stresses over the support will
be somewhdt greater than that indicated by the analogy
to a continuous beam. This increase, which will be slight
for the range of shells covered in Table 1, is of little
consequence
since an underestimate
of the intensity of the
forces
at the support
will be compensated
by an
overestimate
of the forces in the region of positive
moment.
Consequently
proportioning
the longitudinal
forces on the basis of the variation
of the moment
occurring in a continuous
beam can be applied without
any decrease in the ultimate capacity.
The change in the transverse
distribution
of the T.
forces caused by continuity will naturally be reflected in
the transverse
distribution
of the shearing
forces.
However because very slight change in the location of tbe
neutral axis occurs, the position of the peak shear will
undoubtedly
be quite insensitive
to the effect of
continuity,
and may therefore be considered
to occur at
the same phace as in a simply supported shell. On the
other hand the dnwnward drift of the tensile forces will
cause the sh~ar curve to have more of a bulge near the
valley.
Since the shear stresses in this region are not
generally
the critical ones, inaccuracy
in this area is
relatively unimportant.
With respect to the longitudinal
distribution
of shear,
the reasoning
presented
for TX applies.
Refinements
aimed at increasing
the accuracy
of determining
the
intensity of the shear forces are hardly warranted in view
of the cnmmon practice of providing
shear resistance.
Generally to avoid vuriable spacing, shear reinforcement
is placed uniformly and thus leads always to overdesign
because of the large number of bdrs crossing a section of
principal stresses.
For this reason, modification
of tbe
shear forces in a shell to correspond
to the total shear in
a continuous beam is satisfactory.

Continuity
The design consta;ts of Table 1 are for simply supported
shells, i.e., the supports are assumed to offer no lateral
restraint. Thus it will be found that taking the summation
of the moment of Tx forces at midspan about any axis will
equal to wL2/8, Nevertheless
the constants can be applied
without any great loss of accuracy to shells continuous in
the longitudhral direction. The effect of continuity as one
might expect from beam behavior is to mdically change
the magnitude
and sense of the T. forces without
affecting greatly the other internal forces such as TO and
However,
while continuity
alters greatly
the
M+
longitudinal
distribution
of T, forces,
previous
investigations
have shown that only minor change in the
transverse distribution
uccurs.
Without becoming involved in complex mathematics,
a qualitative
appraisal Of the effect Of continuity On the
transverse distribution
can be made by recalling that the
tmasverse
distribution
of Tx is a function solely of the
relative
proportions
of transverse
to longitudinal
displacement.
When as in the case of long shell, the
vertical deflection of the edge measured with respect to
the crown of a unit strip at midspan is small compared to
the deflection of the same point measured longitudinally,
the distribution
of TX in the transverse direction is linear
and thus is similar to that of the fiber stress in a beam. As
the relative displacement
in the transverse
direction to
that in the longitudinal direction increases, the transverse
distribution of T, departs from a linear pattern becoming
curvilinear with a decrease in the slope of the stress curve
below the neutral axis. Since continuity decreases the
deflection of the section at midspan with respect to the
support, the effect of continuity is to increase the ratio of
transverse to longitudinal
deflection.
From this it follows that the transverse distribution
of
T. forces in a continuous
shell has slightly greater
curvature than that of a simply supported shell of the same
span aud radius.
An inkling of the relative difference
between
the two distributions
can be obtained
by
comparing the design constants in Table 1 for any two r/L
values with one r/L being 1.4 times the other. A pint of
the two transverse
distribution
curves will show that

Example
The ease with which the internal forces can be cumputed
makes the use of Table 1 self-explanatory.
In all cases,
3

If the shell is continuous in the longitudinal


direction,
the forces detemrined
in Table 2 cam be modified
as
previously discussed. For example if two 50-ft long shells
we continuous
over a central arch, then the forces are
multiplied by the ratio of moments in a beam of similar
continuity
to the moment in a simply supported beam.
Since the moment
over a central support is -wL2/8,
obviously the ratio is -1.0. The ratio to be applied to the
forces at midspan is

the internal force is equal to the product of a multiplier


and the design constants.
The multiplier shown in the
third row of Table 2 equals the product of the load times
various powers of the dimension indicated in the heading
of Table 1. However
to avoid misinterpretation
the
computation
required for a typical interior sheIl will be
outlined.
From the dimensions
given in Table 2
r/t=45

X 12/4=

r/L = 45/50=

135

WL2/~ 6

=
WL218

0.90

Inspctimr
of the constants in Table 1 show that there
is only slight differences
in the constants for vafrres of r/t
and r/L in the range with%=
25 deg. and 27.5 deg. As
such, the design cnnstants will k selected from r/L= 1,0
and r/t = 100. But interpolation
for the specific @k is
recommended.
To simplify this task, advantage will be
taken of the fact that linear interpolation
can be aehleved
by adding algebraically
a fixed ratio of the two adjacent
values. For this example, tbe constants for @k = 25 deg.
are multiplied by

0.50

Similarly, the shear forces are rdtered by the ratio of


continuous beam shear at the interior support to that in a
simple beam. The ratio is
%=
The shear forces
following ratio:

at the outer

1.25
support

are given

by the

3wLJ8 = ,75
wfJ2

while the constants

for 27,5 deg. are multiplied


1- 0.45=

X 0.45

+ 3.509X

0.55)

= 26,4

L
r
t
x

= -3,947

which is recorded in the first row of numbers, second


cnlumn of Table 2. The other coefficients
me obtained
in a similar manner.
In accordance
with the formula given on page 2 and
the intensity of load listed in Table 2, the equivalent dead
load for which the shell is to be designed is

pu
Pd

pd=50+30~=79pSf
The multiplier

for TX therefore

does not cause T$ and

Notation

0.55

Thus the design constant for Tx at the crown for~k


deg., r/L= 1,0 andr/t = ltXl is
-(4.482

As discussed above, continuity


MO to change significantly.

by

T(j
is

total vertical height of shell from edge to crown


vertical height of shell measured from edge
. length of shell between supports
centerline radius of shell
. thickness of shell
. longitudinal
distance
measured
from the left
support
. angle measured from the right edge of shell
angle subtended by the edge of shell measured
from the centerline axis
. intensity of uniform load on unit mea
intensity of dead load on unit area
. the direct force component
in the transverse
direction, considered positive when tensile
.

L2
2
~ pd = ~
X 79 = 4390 lb/ft

TO at midspan

of the shell

the direct force component


in the longitudinal
direction, considered positive when tensile

In a similar mamner the other multipliers


can be
obtained
as readily.
The product
of these and the
tabulated constants gives the internal forces in the shell
which appear in the columns marked Force.
A graphical representation
of the tabulated values for
T, and MO is given in l+g. 7 for comparison
with values
as obtained by the beam methed.
As to be expected, the
value of Tx as computed by the shell theory is slightly
larger while the value of the moment M+ is slightly less.
For design
purposes
the difference
is negligible,
However, thk gond agreement holds only for the interior
shells.
If the outer edge of the exterior shell is not
stiffened
by an edge beam, marked increase
in the
intensity of Tx will occur at the edge,

Tx at midspan

of the shell

the tangential shearing force, considered positive


when it creates
tension
in the direction
of
increasing values of x and CD
S at the transverse support
the moment
in the transverse
direction,
considered positive when it produces tension in
the inner fibers

MO at midspan

of the shell

load per foot of length of shell

22

2.6

shear

.25~
0
M-

:3

tvrces

.Ooo
.939
2.282
3.550
.000

-1.268
-1.343
- .723
- .076
.318

(3)]

!!-!!
g

.064
-2.341
-6.425
- .741
26.078

-1.018
-3.113
-5.596
.323
22.631

-2.323
-3.743
-.4.609
1.817
19.067

-4.174
-4.337
-3.094
2.972
15.834

-5.461
-4.760
-2.069
3.771
13.364

-6.035
-4.946
-1.615
b.229
12.539

(1)

Tx

cc.,. (4)]

: :& 9
. W107
.00M 5
- .W302
. ..>.

: :=:
. W141
.W171
- .1313575

-.00286
-.00102
.W248
.00235
- .W743

Ofners Ore 01 mlowan.

::%
3.456
.Ooo

: 1:%
- .027
.345

ore 01 supoorrq

~ ::%
- 4.022
1.269
19.939

: !:5
2:W4
17.833

:~[

1.8

.:%

1%
.7!5$~
.W*
.25w
o
-1.327

- .W2w
-.00079
.00281
.00199
- .00648

.Ooo
1.374
2.701
3.341
.Ooo

-1.382
-1.289
- .652
.026
.369

-4.305
- 4.238
- 2.831
2.788
15.841

:Zk
25$k
0

1.4

-.00232
- .W093
.00221
.00223
-.13137139

.Ooo
1.592
2.911
3.222
.Ooo

-1.420
-1.198
- .622
.069
.384

- 5.103
-4.555
- 2.2U
3.416
U.172

I.Ooq

1.0

.Ow
1.783
3.094
3.117
.Ow

-1.430
-1.193
- .389
.087
.393

-5.682
-6.777
-1.808
3.853
13.023

I oo*k
.75 *k
.%~
.25%
0

- .00289
-.00102
.W351
.00234
-.00742

.~
1.959
3.238
3.034
.Wo

(4)

M*

r[pd

-1.415
-1.187
- .597
.077
.390

M,:

- 5.976
-4.893
-1.591
6.036
22.395

T,

= 100

le.-l!

S*= -L[pdml

Uy,,.,u,

I Do+k
.75 *K
.50*~
254k
0

r/t

Col. (2)

,.w,t,pi=

(3)

Tx

[Pd

Col. (1)

s,, u

(2)

.6

Pd

[1

rvrbca

(1)

+*

II II CrIIUI

T+ z

Tx .

r/L

Iuule

-1.164
-1.130
-.903
-.221
.281

-1.237
-1.173
-.832
-.137
.310

-1.328
-1.1%
- .739
-.040
.344

-1.419
-1.214
- .644
.051
.376

-1.471
-1.219
-.386
.lW
.3%

.WO
.272
1.821
3.838
.OW

.000
.348
2.095
3.729
.Ow

.WO
.911
2.408
3.572
.Ooo

.Wo
1.299
2.725
3.3%
.000

l:R
2.998
3.247
.Wo

.Ooo
1.882
3.227
3.126
.Ooo

(3)

rtt = 200

-1.432
-1.210
- .598
.083
.393

(2)

-1.471
-1.225
- .593
.097
.3%

-6.934
-4.626
-2.510
3.531
14.339
-2.768
-3.935
-4.260
2.255
17.999
- .473
- 3.ceo
-6.124
.607
22.579
1.149
-2.283
- 7.4U
-1.056
27.029
1.982
-1.614
-8.098
-2.611
31.038

-.00307
-.00117
.00248
.00251
-.00727
-.00251
- .W103
.00203
.00229
-.00661
.00180
-.00083
. W145
. W195
- .W368
-.WI19
-.00063
.0W95
. W162
-.oLvb77
-.00075
-.W048
.00059
. W134
-.oWo3

300

-1.030
-1.118
-1.017
- .333
.248

-1.118
-1.144
- .%46
- .242
.276

-1.224
-1.175
- .838
- .126
.314

-1.360
-1.206
- .7W
.002
.338

-1.476
-1.219
- .383
.099
.398

-6.011
-4.947
-1.648
4.123
22.608

-.00315
-.00118
.00236
.00231
-.00729

(2)

T,

(1)

Tx

rl,

~;

(4)

@pd

-.00220
- .0w96
. W175
.00216
-.00611

- .00302
- .W118
.00242
.00251
- .W715

- .00328
- .00223
.W263
.00238
- .00738

(4)

.Ow
-.226
1.386
4.102
.000

.000
.009
1.677
4.022
.000

-.00037
-.00038
.0W24
.00113
-.00329

-.00074
- .0W32
. 0W55
. W1.40
-.00397

.IXX3 - .W135
.408
-.00072
2.lubl
. WI05
3.838
.@3175
.Ooo - .W93

.Wo
.939
2.462
3.594
.Ooo

.Ooo
1.436
2.854
3.360
.Ooo

.000
1.787
3.260
3.289
.Ooo

(3)

Internal

TO

-1.349
-1.188
- .698
- .019
.342

-3.747
3.581
-2.170
2.520
22.361
-2.822
-3.218
-2.874
1.790
14.357
-1.944
-2.828
-3.527
.977
16.387
-1.259
-2.464
-4.014
.179
18.799
rces are 0? supports,

I .oo~
.75 qk
t)o$k
.25$k
o

IClo$k
75 $lk
.50*
.25w
o

l.cQk
.75 $ ~
.w+~
.25@k
o

I.W$k
.75 $k
.m~
.z5@~
o

*Sheer

1.4

I.e

22

2.6

-1.215
-1.137
-.796
-.147
.285

-1.279
-1.164
- .75.5
- .089
.313

-1.410
-1.202
- .635
.048
.368

1;:?7

1.0

.6

.75 $k
50@~
.25$~
o
-1.441
-1.202
- .591
.007
.383

(2)

-4.482
-3.84!3
-1.603

Col. (2)

Do$k
.75 @k
.m$~
.25Qk
o

(1)

T,

[Pd

Col. (})

(4)

rz

-.00100
.00052
.00091
.00157
.00525

-.00150
-.00070
.00132
.00191
.02616

.00216
-.00092
.00186
.00230
-.00719

-.00291
-.00114
.00246
.00267
- .0CCU9

-.00352
-.00131
.002%
.00293
- .01X89

Shell

1.147
-1.415
.6.126
-2.057
25.115

.571
-1.908
-5.703
- .8S7
21.928

- .582
-2.510
-4.789
.446
28.414

-2.273
-3.171
-3.428
1.759
14.777

-1.C49
-1.117
- .993
- .327
.241

-1.129
-1.141
- .933
- .244
.267

-1.225
-1.170
- .836
- .135
.302

-1.349
-1.200
- .710
- .011
.344

-1.457
-1.218
- .601
.087
.380

-1.469
.1.214
.582
.097
.387

.Ooo
-.079
1.315
3.614
.Ooo

.Ooo
.107
1.362
3.552
.Ooo

.429
1.872
3.418
.000

.Ooo

.Ooo
.871
2.233
3.219
.Ooo

.Ooo
1.31YI
2.579
3.018
.Wo

1.618
2.851
2.869
J300

.Ooo

Due to Deed Lood

-3.951
.3.728
.2.078
2.8043
11.792

-4.851
-4.005
-1.359
3.326
10.291

Pd COI. (4)

I?d COI (3)

[1
[1

- .W368
-. 0+3133
.00309
.00295
- .0@98

MO=

S*= - L

Cylindrical

otners ore or mlaspon.

.599
1.853
3.291
.Ooo

.Ooo

.801
2.066
3.215
.Ooo

.Ooo

.Ooo

1.W+9
2.299
3.105

.Ooo

1.310
2.532
2.981
.Ooo

.Ooo

2.740
2.868
.Ooo

1.538

.Ooo

2.920
2.776
.OIN

1.733

.Ooo

[3)

in o Multiple

-1.428
-1.194
- .595
.078
.381

Pd

[1

Forces

-.4.856
-3.986
-1.317
3.318
10.171

T+ z

TX, +=

.Oo+k

/L

Toble

-.00W+4
-.00W2
.00030
.00131
-.00395

-.00085
-.00059
.00064
i 00163
-.00476

-.00153
- .W3032
.00120
.00205
-.00588

-.00252
-.00112
.00203
.00255
-.00730

-.00355
-.00139
.@3286
.00300
-.00360

-.00397
-.00148
.00320
.00313
-.00900

9P*

2.038
- .564
-7.013
-3.920
29.611

2.017
-1.115
-6.986
-2.441
25.992

1.240
-1.803
-6.341
.871
22.035

- .573
-2.640
-4.841
.810
17.536

- 3.@57
-3.487
-2.805
2.385
13.080

-4.740
-3.981
-1.455
3.280
10.457

(1)

Tx

.Ooo
- .067
1.&71
3.685
.Ooo
.Ooo
- .319
1.151
3.788
.Ooo

-1.096
-1.139
- .957
- .245
.267
-1.014
-1.107
-1.W4
- .355
.234

.Ooo
-.403
.904
3.806
.Ooo

.Ooo
.419
1.895
3.463
.Ooo

-1.240
-1.179
- .813
- .099
.314

- .977
-1.082
-1.087
- .437
.212

.0i30
1.W5
2.377
3.165
.CQo

-1.417
-1.214
- .641
.055
.368

.000

(3)

1.510
2.765
2.936
.Ooo

= 300

-1.493
-1.222
- .564
.115
.393

(2)

T+

l/t

+,=

-.00010
-.0C030
-.00002
.00108
-.00319

-.00035
-.00044
.00020
.00135
-. W383

-.00089
-.00065
.00065
.00173
-.00483

-.00190
-.00097
.00149
.00227
-.00635

-.00326
-. W134
.00260
.W3289
-.00817

-.00409
-.00153
.00327
.00320
-.00912

(4)

25

2.6

Sheer

forces

are

COI (3)

- 1.WO
-1.109
-1.015
- .342
.230

- .737
- 2.240
- 3.788
.730
14.333
.638
- 1.594
- 4.907
.61M
17.937
1.255
- 1.070
- 5.391
. 1.842
21.146
1.354
.663
-5.417
-2.974
24.C40

-.00311
- .@313fJ
.00238
.00305
-.00912
- .0020a
-.00098
.00174
.00250
-.0076 5
:
::%
.Wll o
.0020 1
-.0063 4
-.0007
-.0005
.0006
.0016
-.0053

9
1
8
2
0

-1.117
-1.139
- .934
- .237
.261

- 2.619
- 2.898
- 2.259
1.979
10.809

- .00412
-.00158
. 0+3341
.00349
- .01036

-1.003
-1.085
-1.055
- .418
.208

-1.250
-1.176
- .800
- .096
.306

- 1.411
-1.210
- .641
.050
.3%

-1.482
-1.217
_ .%7
.108
.380

(2)

- 3.916
- 3.292
_ 1.214
2.71X
8.699

.~
-.241
.934
3.377
.Ooo

.000
-.161
1.146
3.368
.000

.000
.056
1.424
3.285
.000

.~
.465
1.788
3.103
.0+30

.000
.991
2.198
2.857
.W

.~
1.394
2.532
2.663
.00i3

(3)

r/+ = 200

- .00454
-.00166
.00375
.00361
- .01073

Pd COI. (4)

pd

[1
[1

Due to Deed Lood

(1;

M+

rz

Shell

(4)

MO=

S*=

Cylindrical

olners ore or m,ospon

.000
.324
1.488
3.083
.000

-1.153
-1.122
- .868
- .224
.251

:;:
so%
,25$k
0
0? supporrs,

:R
1.689
3.031
.000

-1 213
-1:149
- .825
- .162
.279

: 2:E
- 3.576
.105
15.827

g~

1.8

:1:8:
_ 3.913
- .674
18.005

.003
.737
1.929
2.933
.Ooo

-1.292
-1.176
- .738
- .079
.311

- 1.606
-2.407
-2.990
.947
13.499

IDo%
.75 $~
.50~
.25Qk
0

1.4

.25 +~

.000
1.035
2.190
2.800
.000

-1.378
-1.197
- .671
.013
.344

- 2.600
- 2.808
- 2.222
1.767
11.231

I.xl~
.75 ~
.a$k
.qk
0

Lo

22

.000
1.314
2.432
2.669
.cOO

-1.441
1.2W
- .598
.080
.369

- 3.5~
- 3.133
- 1.509
2.405
3.452

I oak
.75 Qk
.we~
.25+k
0

.6

.000
1.536
2.633
2.%5
. OQo

-1.441
-1.199
- .388
.@34
.372

- 4.008
- 3.304
- 1.118
2.738
8.515

T+

= 100

I .Oo.+k
.75 fk
.50.+k
.250 ~
0

r/f

(2)

(3)

Tx

[Pd

Col.

Col. II)

Forces in o Multir31e

(2)

+2[1
Pd

Internal

(1)

r/L

T+ .

T, :

Table 1

_ .131)1318
- .00035
..00126
-.0038 5

- .&3~7
- .00051
.00029
.00158
- .00462

- .00109
- .00076
.00031
.00204
- .00580

- .00223
- .00113
.00176
.00268
- .00736

- .00380
- .00156
.00304
.00340
- .00968

_ .o~82
- .00180
.00387
.00379
- .olw~

$
(4)

ppd

1.434
.101
-5.571
-4.872
28.226

1.839
- .349
-5.987
-3..411
24.769

1.818
- .932
-5.965
-1.895
21.202

.842
-1.670
-5.123
- .302
17.210

-1.433
-2.557
-3.234
1.381
12.587

-3.672
-3.231
-1.415
2.597
9.038

(1)

T,

= 300

- .94!7
-1.049
-1.118
- .522
.184

- .957
-1.073
-1.100
- .446
.202

-1.000
-1.104
-1.047
- .347
.227

-1.115
-1.146
- .927
- .207
.269

-1.323
-1.195
- .724
- .019
.332

-1.492
-1.222
- .561
.116
.381

(2)

TO

r/,

yj

.Ooo
-.375
.550
3.483
.Ooo

.000
- .4@3
.768
3.523
.~

.Ooo
-.322
1.W
3.497
.Ooo

.Ooo
.oa7
1.421
3.349
.000

.Ooo
.651
1.935
3.LW3
.@30

.Ooo
1.271
2.427
2.737
.000

(3)

+k=

.00006
-.00023
-.00021
.00101
-.00311

-.00005
-.00036
-.00009
.00129
-.00371

- .00W2
-.00056
.00023
.00167
-.00463

-.00135
-.00090
.00102
.00226
-.00622

-.00313
-.00141
.00249
.00312
-.00873

- .0W84
-.00182
.00387
.00382
- .0W35

4
(4)

27.5

2.6

2.2

I.6

1.4

1.0

.6

-2.678
-2.559
-1.506
1.867
a.663

-1.622
-2.177
-2.345
1.117
10.570

- .671
-1.763
-3.086
.246
12.982

1m9k
.759k
.509k
.2%,,
0

1.OO$
,759,
.%,

I"O9,
75 9k
.500,
.25h

'17.327

,221

others

.W161
-.W525

- .oao54
.ooo46
.oW42

l.00060
203
- a0634

-.WlW
-.oW6a

- .WlSl
- .OW98
.w147
.OO260
- .W782

- .W3oa
- .W139
.W251
.oo331
- .w975

-.oo45i
- .OOlSl
.oo374
.oo401
- .01171

- .w544
-.omOl
.o0445
.ow31
- .01263

MO
(4)

COI. (3)]

Shell

23.021

- 1.065
.168
- 4.488
3.636

1.285
- .49a
- 2.544
4.755
20.255

1.168
- .942
- 4.684
- 1.366
17.332

.326
- 1.520
- 3.984
- .ce9
14.o40

- 1.444
- 2.210
- 2.531
1.248
10.345

- 3.125
- 2.728
- 1.167
2.194
7.5%

.lai

.970
-1.057
- .494
-1.087

--1.068
.424
.199

- .9a3
- 1.078

-1.031
- 1.108
- 1.013
- .327
.225

-1.144
- 1.147
- .8%
- .189
-265

-1.336
- 1.193
- .7oa
- .OlO
.324

-1.482
- 1.216
- .563
.llO
.368

TQ
(2)

A00

.ooo
- .261
3.128
.647

.OOO
- .268
.a32
3.162
.ooo

.ooo
- .171
1.074
3.137
.Mx)

.ooo
.130
1.405
3.007
.@30

.ooo
.678
1.845
2.750
.OW

.ow
1.197
2.2%
2.497
.WO

(3)

r/+ = 200

Due to Dead Lood

5.
(1)

pd cd. (4)

- L [pd

m9= r

s*.

Cylindrical

are of midspon

.QQQ

.128
1.188
2.900

.ooo

.ooo
.243
1.368
2.878
.ooo

- 1.144
-1.129
.894
: -238
.246
- 1.094
- 1.103
.931
- -298

.wo
.454
1.599
2.801
.w+J

.ooo
.765
1.876
2.668
.ooo

.wo
1.102
2.1%
2.513
.ooo

.wo
1.363
2.384
2.392
.OOO

(3)

1.221
1.157
,826
.150
.277

ore 01 supports,

.192
-1.127
-3.678
-1.320

1.Wk
.759k
.-9k
.25h,

forces

- ,580
15.263

.259k
0

*Shear

g .

GJ$

.259k

- 1.325
- 1.185
- .723
- ,038
.315

- I.425
- 1.204
_ -615
A64
.350

- 1.452
- 1.202
- .579
.091
.363

(I)

-3.340
-2.717
- .9ao
2.286
7.269

-75
,509,
9k
.=@k
0

I .OOOk

r/r: I00

Cd. (2)

r9
(2)

r[Pd

Cd. (I)

Forces in o Multiple

TX

T9 =

[d

Table 1 Internal

- .WllS
.w375

.ooooO
-mo2a
-.OOOl6

-.QWol
.WlSl
-.ow47

-.OOOl6
-.oow3

.ooo39
.w197
- .w559

-.ooo62
-.ooo67

- .W170
-.oolo6
.w130
.oo268
- .w747

-.W371
- .W164
.002%
.W367
- .01033

- .W562
-.W212
.oo450
.w444
- .Ol268

(4)

MQ

5.589
27.073

.6O3
.4aa
- 4.097

-4.762
-4.1%
23.644

1.180
.155

1.635
- .339
- 5.la2
- 2.634
20.216

1.453
- .9ai
- 4.981
- 1.095
16.657

- .148
- 1.807
- 3.607
.538
12.402

- 2.714
- 2.621
- 1.502
2.009
8.163

(I)

TX

.5%
.l61

.952
-1.mo
-1.119

--1.122
.521
-176

- .940
-1.042

- .947
-1.072
-1.100
- .428
.197

-1.015
-1.113
-1.020
- .3o3
.231

-1.208
-1.168
- .826
- .lll
.291

-1.465
-1.215
- .581
.o97
.363

(2)

T9

*/f = 300

.ooa

.ooo
-.245
3.157
.288

A81
3.238
.wo

.ooo
-346

.ooa
-.386
.730
3.272
.ooo

.ooo
-.241
1.057
3.210
330

.ooo
.287
1.540
2.960
.wQ

.ooo
1.045
2.l25
2.586
.ooo

(3)

&=

M9

(4)

:1
,2

::
:9

.owl .3
-.oool .5
-A003 I1
12
-:Z
b5

.oool
-.OW2
-.0002
.w12
-.0056

-.OOW 16
-.oow 6
-.Wol .l
.W16 ,O
-.OOUl 4

- .w59

-.ooo7
-.oW7
12

-A026
-.Wl3
.OOZO
-0031
-.OOaS

- -0054 0
- .0020 a
.ow3 1
.oo43 7
-.ol23 8

3o

,,,

I)d

Col.

Ga

,.lu,,!~!u

~3::

::$

1.8

2,6

22

*Sheet

:%
.5UW
.25$k
0

.25.$k
0

forces

ore

- :;:
-3.325
-1.796
16.677

-1.102
14.736

supports,

others

ore

at midspon

-.0003 2
-.0002 1
.0001 9
.00156
-.0051 4

.000
.011
.947
2.727
.Ooo

-1.047
-1.as2
- .978
-.366
.194

;
.0019 9
-.00622

::%

.
2.735
.Ooo

,::

- .310
.215

;:p~

-.00142
-.00093
.wJllo
.00260
-.00777

.Ooo
.224
1.315
2.689
.Ooo

-1.147
-1.134
- .893
-.224
.244

- .028
-1.262
-3.092
- .315
12.585

I Oook
.75 *k
.50&
.25%
0

1.4

-.00280
-.00140
.00225
.00345
-.O1OM

.000
.511
1.590
2.570
.Ooo

-1.2%
-1.167
- .785
- .101
.283

- .818
-1.660
-2.475
.559
10.187

I .00+
.75 ~
so$k
25$k
0

1.0

-.00481
-.00198
.00390
. 0W3
-.01282

.Ooo
.894
1.903
2.396
. Ooa

-1.391
-1.197
- .646
.034
.327

.6

-1.944
-2.0S3
-1.574
1.399
7.831

I .Oo+k
.75 +K
5oqk
.25 @~
0

(1)

I CY3Q~
.75 !?~
.w$~
.254k
0

r/L

-.

.-.

.
--

- .%1
-1.031
- 1.096
- .559
.159

- .957
-1.051
- 1.094
- .492
.174

.961
- .110
-3.957
-3.070
19.385

- 1.052
- 1.118
- .979
- .276
.229

- .932
-1. o43
-1.120
- .496
.173

1.0s7
.070
-4.220
-3.220
19.302
.444
.456
-3.%0
-4.738
22.713
-

- .00022
- .00056
.00002
.00189
- .00539
. oOO@4
- .00034
- .00023
.00142
- .00435
.00010
- .00020
- .00028
.00109
- .00366
.~
-.197
.430
2.876
.030

.000
- .260
.593
2.943
.Ooo

.~
- .263
.807
2.966
.~

.072
.637
-2.773
-6.079
26.101

- .953
-1.083
-1.079
- .380
.200

1.461
- .495
-4.505
-1.669
15.930
- .03109
- .00095
.00077
.00260
- .00720

.000
- .097
1.099
2.900
.000

. 0W18
-.00018
-.00040
.00110
-.00354
.00012
-.00008
-.13@335
.00081
-.00298

.~
-.210
.263
2.952
.~
.000
-.~9
.104
2.840
.~
- .970
- .9%
-1.102
- .663
.142

.00016
-. 0@336
-.00035
.00151
- .~35

- .@3@4
-.00067
. &X303
.0e210
-.013569

.Ooo
- .334
.788
3.037
.Ooo
.Ooo
- .327
.491
3.029
.Ooo

-.00189
-.00127
.00145
.00314
-.00851

-.00562
-.00225
.0W49
.00480
-.01352

.0&3
.816
1.845
2.478
. Ow
.OW
.003
1.212
2.877
.00i3

+
(4)
(3)

- .948
-1.014
-1.119
- .588
.155

-1.096
-1.139
- .926
- .203
.251

.676
-1.231
-3.771
- .115
12.184

-1.240
-1.170
- .791
- .0s7
.287

-1.409
-1.204
- .626
.057
.337

Q
(2)

- .00327
- .00163
.0u2%
.00377
- .01050

(1)

TX

rl+ , 300

~1

.~
.384
1.524
2.675
.000

Q
(4)

%Pd

-1.831
-2.107
-1.683
1.483
7.686

.Ooo
1.013
2.009
2.367
. Ci30

- .975
- 1.o79
- 1.065
- .402
.195

.593
.141
-3.510
-4.224
22.090

s
(3)

----

- .0C624
- .00239
.00500
. 005V4
- .01434

r/+ .200

-----

- 1.463
- 1.211
- .576
.097
.350

1
(2)

1.189
- .485
-4.197
-1.918
16.614

.887
- .988
-3.937
- .700
13.647

- .480
-1.645
-2.790
.620
10.136

-2.ld8
-2.264
-1.204
1.754
6.863

(1;

ml. (4)]

[Pd,0,. ,3)]

!!!

,[pd

!$

-.00634
-.00236
.00515
.00503
-.01460

h!,=

S*: -

,!!

.000
1.210
2.168
2.247
.Ooo

T$

z Ioo

-1.459
-1.203
- .570
.096
.352

r/t

(2)

(1)

!,,

-2.792
-2.358
- .894
1.921
6.330

at

Col.

,ru

Tx

[Pd

[1

,,,

(3)

+2

,G,

(2)

To =

TX

m+
(4)

Iuule

.340
.881
-2.982
.748
12.191

.474
- .615
-3.041
-1.491
14.200

.405
- .431
-2.899
-2.142
16.W5

ces

Ioook
.75 @k
.W*
.25w
o

I.cnk
.75 $ ~
.So$k
.25+k
o

I.m+~
.75 +k
.3a~
.25$k
o

*Sheer

1.4

1.s

22

2.6

ore

- .215
-1.244
-2.553
.096
9.917

I .oo~
.75 ~
.50$k
.25Qk
o

.30$.~

.251$h
o

1.0

-1.293
-1.681
-1.683
.983
7.451

I oa$~
75 @k

.6

(1)

Tx

-2.323
-2.015
.852
1.615
5.630

+
(2)

T$

Ioo

07 wpporrs,

-1.014
-1.M2
-1.010
- .425
.170

-1.033
-1.083
- .996
- .374
.189

-1.081
-1.110
- .952
- .294
.213

-1.181
-1.145
- .851
- .170
.250

-1.339
-1.184
- .691
- .010
.300

-1.438
-1.202
- .567
. o%
.338

r[f

COI. (z)l

Col. (1)

others

-.00014
-.00034
-.00001
.00149
-.00501

-.00039
-.00053
.00019
.00192
-.00605

-.00098
-.00054
.oa370
.00234
-.00758

-.00233
-.00134
.00183
.00347
-.01001

.141
.301
-2.596
-4.465
21.274

.514
.141
3.129
-3.474
18.611

.920
- .162
-3.570
-2.342
15.897

1.037
- .602
-3.666
-1.147
13.132

.207
-1.193
-2.941
.111
9.963

(1)

Tx

(4] 1

w]

-.00476
- .002C+3
.00383
.00473
-.01356

ore or mtaspon

.000
- .0+0
.757
2.559

.Ooa
-.038
.893
2.593
.000

.Ooo
.fxo
1.079
2.580
.Ood

.Ooo
.291
1.337
2.490
.Ooo

.Ooo
.689
1.668
2.309
.Oao

coI.

,0,.

-1.769
-1.870
-1.307
1.361
6.414

Me
(4)

r~ pd

I-[pd

Shell

-.00718
-.00270
.00581
.00573
-.01654

MO:

Cylindrical

S*.

.00i7
1.072
1.976
2.127
.Oo13

(3)

Forces in o Multiple

I .Oo+k
.75 +k
.50@~
.25.$k
o

r/L

[pd

To=

Pd

[1

Internol

~x, +2

Toble 1

- .%8
-1.009
1.088
- .617
.140

-.953
1. 026
1.098
- .551
.153

- .948
-1.053
-1.091
- .464
.171

- .987
-1.090
-1.038
- .348
.199

-1.141
-1.144
- .877
- .169
.250

1.422
-1.201
- .607
.067
.327

(2)

-.00053
-.00083
.00027
.00250
- .(M89
.00005
-.00046
.00026
.00179
-.00523

.Ooo
- .211
.863
2.771
.Ooo
.Ooo
-.255
.602
2.781
.Ooa

.000
- .096
.272
2.629
.000

.00012
-.00013
-.00035
.00098
-.00357

.00015
-.00025
-.00037
.00132
-.00424

-.00256
-.00153
.00199
.00374
-.01028

.Oao
.139
1.248
2.6C@
.Wo

.Ooo
- .185
.4a3
2.722
.Ooo

-.00658
-.00260
.00527
.00553
-.01366

(4)

@p

.Ooo
.831
1.781
2.268
.Ooo

(3)

r/~ = 200

Due ta Dead Load

-.465
.588
-2.678
.6.332
25.213

- .138
.574
-2.446
-5.149
21.916

.463
.335
-3.246
-3.701
18.537

1.124
- .145
-3.847
-2.121
15.196

1.047
- .805
-3.686
- .593
11.807

-1.037
-1.668
-1.906
1.011
7.466

(1)

Tx

-.990
- .980
4.075
-.720
.125

-.969
-.991
4.099
-.649
.136

- .940
-2.016
3.118
- .5%
.152

- .927
-1. o%
.4.109
-.442
.175

-1.m
-1.110
-1.005
-.283
.216

-1.329
-1.186
- .692
- .001
.305

(2)

T*

r/t ~ 300

.Ooo
.172
.959
2.773
.Odo

.Ooo
- .C62
.110
2.674
.Ooo

.Ow
.2W
.305
2.785
.Ooo

.Ooo
.047
-.002
2.537
.Ooo

.Ooo
- .316
.583
2.844
.Ooo

.Ooo
.583
1.582
2.4WI
.Ooo

(3)

+,=

.00111
.00113
.00078
.00303
.00810

.00542
.00233
.00433
.00505
.01413

.OwPm
- .00002
- .00034
.00068
- .00290

.0i8316
- .Ooolo
- .00w4
.00098
- .00345

.00025
-.00026
- .00049
.00140
r .CW25

.Ooo11
- .00055
- .00031
.00201
- .00551

$
(4)

35

2,6

Shear

:;:
.m&
.25%
0

.25$k

at

forces

are

supports,

others

L[pd

at midspon

-.00002
-.00027
-.00016
.00139
-.00488

-.00005
.00182
-.00387

::Z5

-.00058
-.00074
.00032
.00244
-.00733

-.00176
-.00124
.00132
.00340
-.00976

-.00441
-.00209
.00353
.00488
-.01387

-.00787
-.00300
.00636
.02638
-.01834

(4)

M@= ,[p,

UyIIIIUIIL-UI

s?

are

.Ooo
-.0$3
.609
2.394
.WJo

-.994
-1.043
-1.037
-.477
.150

-::2
-2.446
-2.390
15.442

- :&
.726
2.449
.Ooo

::::;
-1.024
- .429
.166

22

- :%
-2.675
-1.779
13.662

:q:

1.8

.W3
- .036
.890
2.467
.000

-1.029
-1.087
- .996
- .355
.187

.482
- .597
-2.768
-1.074
11.765

IDo&
.7!3+~
.50~
.25~
0

1.4

.Ooo
.122
1.122
2.422
.000

-1.109
-1.122
- .913
- .238
.219

.180
- .916
-2.544
- .272
9.655

I.a)~
.75 ~
.50*N
.25$k
0

1.0

.000
.494
1.451
2.244
.000

1.273
1.167
- .747
- .065
.270

- .738
-1.341
-1.799
.616
7.225

.000
.944
1.803
2.028
.000

T+

IpIG

-1.446
-1.199
- .573
.088
.321

I ooo~
.75 $k
.xl$~
.254k
0

I. IUII

C/, = 100

(2)]

(3)

.6

Col.

IrI

(2)

(1)

Tx

[Pd

-1.905
-1.728
- .849
1.349
5.119

I .oo@k
.75 $K
.50+~
25Qk
0

Col. (1)

IWGC=

+2[1
P*

i,,,vr,,u,

T,

Tx ,

I/L

,8=

(3)]

UU=

.192
.338
- 1.802
- 4.662
20.531

.981
.992
- 1.070
.667
.124

.%2
- 1.005
- 1.Cf18
.61W
.135

.098
.277
- 2.353
- 3.770
17.929
-

.944
-1.029
- 1.097
- .518
.151

- .%9
- 1.W,5
- 1.073
- .407
.174

-1.056
-1.118
- .952
- .243
.217

.000
.007
.166
2.393
.OQo

.000
-.083
.271
2.505
.000

.Ooo
- .187
.442
2.592
.000

.Ooo11
.00007
.00036
.oo@35
.00347

.00017
.00016
.0CW4
.00119
.00413

.00020
.0&335
.00345
.00168
.00509

.Ooolo
.00070
.00014
.00240
.00664

- .00176
- .00139
.00130
.00363
. .00985

.000
.034
1.023
2.532
.000
.000
- .235
.682
2.626
.000

. .005%
- .00271
.00524
.00586
- .01651

(4)

%Pd

.000
.647
1.567
2.197
.000

(3)

Luuw

r/+ = 200

w=...u

-1.361
-1.187
- .6%
.023
.299

(2)

iv

.536
.061
- 2.902
- 2.681
15.251

.915
.319
- 3.251
- 1.488
12.569

.602
.847
- 2.941
.277
9.713

- 1.175
- 1.531
- 1.448
1.005
6.165

(1)

T,

03,. (4]

cd

e,,=,,

.598
.404
- .825
-6.368
24.353

.480
.532
-1.531
-5.375
21.172

.C61
.465
-2.353
-4.064
17.883

.653
.106
-3.131
-2.505
14.553

1.072
- .491
-3.405
- .948
11.317

- .375
-1.298
-2.110
.601
7.362

(1)

T,

-1.005
- .971
-1.043
- .767
.110

- .990
- .975
-1.072
- .701
.120

- .%0
- .992
-1.101
- .612
.134

-.926
-1.028
-1.115
- .4%
.154

- .951
-1.083
-1.058
- .347
.188

-1.234
-1.165
- .771
- .071
.270

(2)

T$

r/t , 300

_.m
-.00098
.00019
.00292
-.00773
.00030
-.00043
_ .00055
.00190
-.00537
.00024
-.13r31315
-.00055
.00126
- .01M14
.Ooo11
-.00002
- .o~3
.00083
--130335

.Ooo
- .245
.768
2.646
.m
.000
- .232
.421
2.645
.000
.000
-.069
.167
2.545
.000
.000
.%6
.019
2.410
.Ooo

.Ooo

.Ooou
.00003
..1301331
.00055
..00281

-.013480
-.00230
.00383
.00513
-.01419

.000
.360
1.343
2.351
.000

.~
.145
-.040
2.252

$
(4)
(3)

.140
- .107
-2.003
-2.538
1.4.875

rces

I.m$k
.75$k
.Xl$k
.25@k
o

*Sheer

2.2

2.6

ore

.319
.206
-2.281
-1.992
13.143

I.mk
75 ~
.$
.K3.$k
.25$k
o

l.e

o? supports,

- .986
-1.026
-1.032
- .523
.132

.146

- .983
-1.042
-1.038
- .477

- .994
- 1.C65
-1.024
- .4as
.164

.467
- .387
-2.483
-1.320
11.320

IOoQk
,75 @k
.50&
.25&
o

!.4

.250k
o

.w+~

-1.049
-1.098
- .963
- .299
.191

1.0

.385
.665
-2.444
- .555
9.355

-1.422
-1.192
- .590
.070
.300

(2)

T+

ri+ = Ioo

(2)

1)

I.oo@k
.75 Qk
.m@k
.25$k
o

Col.

Coi

-1.201
-1.146
- .808
- .125
.239

-1.524
-1.481
.879
1.112
4.760

(1)

Tx

[Pd

[1 d

- .296
- 1.0s3
-1.885
.30$
7.066

I .Oo$k
.75 qk
.50$k
.25Qk
o

+2

- .W381
-.00202
.00301
.00490
-.01379

.Ooo

others

ore

. Owoo
-.00036
-.00023
.W171
- .W569

.000
- .C60
.594
2.306
. Ow

of midspon

.00W5
- .Wo21
- .0W25
.00128
-.00$74

-.00026
-.00063
.Wwo
.00233
-.00708

.000
-.075
.739
2.348
.000

.000
- .016
.495
2.236
.000

- .W118
- .W112
.00080
.00329
-.00941

.0r30
. Ow
.947
2.329
.Ooo

.319
1.236
2.191
.Ooo

.819
1.644
1.949
.000

-.00834
-.00325
.0C674
.00694
-.01987

(4)

gd

Tx

.380
.281
-1.150
-4.723
19.822

.210
.313
-1.673
-3.953
17.303

.159
.198
-2.262
-2.946
14.681

.649
- .111
-2.770
-1.766
12.033

.744
- .586
-2.803
- .568
9.372

- .994
- .980
-1.045
-.709
.109

- .977
- .988
-1.068
- .650
.119

-.953
-1.007
-1.088
- .566
.133

- .935
-1.041
-1.087
- .456
.153

- .992
-1.093
-1. oa9
- .306
.188

-1.284
-1.169
- .718
- .033
.268

(2)

-.00609
-.00273
.00488
.0W02
-.01681
-. W099
- .W124
. 0W64
.00349
-.00939
.00018
-.00058
-.00044
.00228
- .W643
.00025
-.00025
-.00056
.00154
-.0W95
.00015
-.00009
-.0W46
. W105
-.00401
. OOW7
-.00W1
-.00035
.0W72
-.00336

.Ow
.131
.848
2.440
. Ow
.Ooo
.198
.539
2.473
.Ooo
.000
.092
.318
2.405
.000
. Wo
.019
.178
2.296
.Ow
. Wo
.094
.108
2.170
.Ooo

e
(4)

.Ow
.466
1.369
2.145
. Wo

(3)

rf+ : 200

Due to Deed Lood

- .655
-1.239
-1.595
.689
6.034

(1)

(4)

COI (3)

Shell

[1
MO:
,[1
2
P,
d.
S*= L

Cylindrical

.000

(3)

Forces in o Multiple

I .ooo~
.75 Qk

.6

r/L

Internal

T+ z

TX

Table I

.WO05
. WO03
- .0W39
.W069
- .00324
. wow
. OOW5
- .00026

.Ooo
.159
-.012
2.160
.Ooo
.Ooo
.204
-.023
1.985
. Ow

-1.006
- .%6
-1.040
- .745
. lM

.00018
- .00006
- . W036
.Wllo
- .00401

.Ooo
.034
.079
2.322
.Ooo
.983
- .975
-1.074
- .661
.118

.538
.164
.202
- 6.226
23.509

.599
.376
.8~
- 5.427
20.442

.404
.469
- 1.586
- 4.293
17.274

.0W36
-.00031
- .0W68
.W176
- .W523

.Ooo
- .119
.292
2.450
. Wo
- .962
-1.004
-1.105
546
- :136

-1.013
.%9
-1.011
- .8G4
.097

. WO05
- .w@34
-. W028
.00281
-. W744

. Wo
- .243
.623
2.503
.Ooo
- .924
-1.038
- L.oa7
- .399
.164
.882
.254
- 3.W7
- 1.231
10.804
.191
.269
- 2.437
- 2.824
14.007

-.00386
-.00218
.00307
. w5ffi
-.01379

.Ow
.169
1.137
2.301
.000
-1.139
-1.142
- .851
- .143
.235

.113
.994
-2.241
.264
7.260

+k=~o

22

1.8

1.4

1.0

shear

--

.72k
.25$k
0

I.I@k

.25$k
0

forces

ore

.001
- .027
-1.526
-2.245
12.191

.1.833
-1.650
10.464

- :%:

- .976
-1.056
-1.021
- .393
.146

.396
- .329
-2.047
- .937
8.668

:~~

_ 1.068
.1.103
- .918
- .240
.182

.213
- .644
-1.892
- .152
6.719

07 SUPPOrfS,

.977
-1.008
-1.033
- .554
.113

-1.041
- .49o
.127

:1:~

Otners

(4)

M$

at midspon

.00013
- ,00021
- . 00W2
. ooi44
- .00533

- .00043
.00205
- .00661

- :~g

- .00025
- .00085
- .00007
.00300
- .00868

-.00224
- .00174
.00166
.00465
- .01287

- .00834
- .00350
.0C674
.00765
- .02168

-.01148
-.00425
.00930
.oas89
-.02534

Mb,

~,,=,n

.457
,169
- .657
- &.oo3
16.103

-1.194
-3.232
13.662

:&

.049
.131
-1.812
-2.180
11.123

-1. OIM
- .968
-1.015
- .719
.092

z :H
-1.045
- .645
.105

- .951
- .999
-1.073
- .539
.119

- .932
-1.o48
-1.062
- .398
.144

.000
.149
.608
2.220
.Ollo

.Ooo
.171
.111
1.912
.000

:R
.174
2.053
.Ooo

.000
- .C40
.336
2.168
.000

.000
.165
1.038
2.C61
.000

-1.121
-1.127
- .852
- .156
.205

.070

(3)

.038
.261

.559
- .235
-2.271
- .973
8.595

L.

.797
4.094

- .789
-1.777
.194
5.836

C/t = 200

u..

.000
.619
1.380
1.829
.000

+
(2)

- 1.368
- 1.174
.~~~

. y~g
1.125
.g~~

w..

(1)

Tx

Col. (41

COI (3)

[1
,2
[1

S*= L

Y,lllul,eul

ore

.Ooo
.021
.615
2.030
.000

.525
2.lM
.000

_ :~

.Ooo
.067
.694
2.142
.000

.000
.075
.949
2.033
.000

.Ooo
.576
1.356
L.837
.IWO

I.Oo$k
.75 +k
flo$k
.25+k
0
.
I!30$k
.75 $~
.50*
.25%
0

_ 1.335
-1.168
- .634
.007
.251

- .856
-1.078
- .999
.701
4.357

I 00+k
.75 Q~
.so.tl~
.25 .$k
0

IpIG

.Ooo
.832
1.554
1.706
.000

IUII

- 1.446
- 1.185
546
:094
.278

T$

. 100

t.

- 1.416
- 1.244
.540
1.004
3.456

I .Oo+k
.75 *K
.50+k
.25$ ~
0

T,

r/f

Col. (2)

Col. (1)

III

(3)

Pd

pd

[1

rufwa

(2)

+Z

irlIerTluI

(1)

.6

T@ ,

~x

r/L

Iaole

.00005
.00003
- .O@wl
.00075
-.00373

-.00060
.00121
- .0W62

-:E2

.00037
-.00033
-.00075
.00197
-,00504

.00009
-.00093
-.00037
.00321
-.00862

-.00423
-.00249
.00337
.00588
-.01601

- .00974
-.00387
.0+3787
. 0C822
-.02328

(4)

%Pd

:fi

.463
.042
.115
-5.134
19.003

- .470
- 4.37L
16.071

.413
.338
-1.270
-3.215
13.049

.273
.059
- 2.L1O
-1.686
9.920

.545
.567
-2.207
.197
6.864

.439
.980
- 1.344
.547
4.847

(1)

Tx

m:

-1.017
- .966
- .975
- .803
.082

:l:M
-1.011
- .735
.091

-1.057
- .632
.105

- .929
-1.011
-1.090
- .482
.128

- .993
-1.095
- .977
- .263
.175

- 1.249
- 1.155
.726
.046
.237

(2)

T+

r/t = 300

~1

.Ooo
.246
.050
1.710
.000

1.907
.Ooo

;%

.000
.098
.138
2.C$35
. Om

.000
- .109
.410
2.210
.000

.000

.300
-.059
.839
2.175

.000
.400
1.212
1.947
.Ooo

(3)

-.00002
.00007
-.00027
.00041
-.00301

:E;
-.00047
.00076
-.00373

.00024
-. 0(U307
- .00073
.00141
-.00489

.00051
- .00055
- .00084
.00254
- .00699

.00130
.00473
-.01245

-.00175
- .oo~s~

- .00734
- .00331
.00593
.00725
-.02017

(4)

22

I.8

1.4

1.0

.6

.4

forces

*She-or

o+ wpports,

-.609
.os7

ore

-1.002

- .989
-.Y84

.OY7

- .551

-1.022

- .9YS

- .973

.112

- .460

-2.303
11.317

.223

.956

-1.020
-1.029

. 000
- -919

-1.228
-1.819
9.694

17;;;;

-1.549
-1.171

.15Y
.139

6.251
-

. 000
-.016
.745

- .984
-1.063
- .983
- -326
-137

.307
- .368
-1.684
- .428

.ooo

others

.WO
.123
.328
1.777
. 000
ore

01 midspan.

- .00008
-.00045
.00113
.00492

.OOOll

.00022
-.00023
-.00060
.00172
-.0@612

- .076
- .066
-3.727
14.917

- .398

.458
.@38
- .465
-3.209
12.669

. 000
.OW
.060
.398
1.872
.ow

10.330

-.00802

1.943

.334
cl68
-1.032
-2.385

-.01169

-1,259
7.902

-1.644

.152

- .031

.936

.965
.9%
.iW
.070

- 1.013

.960
.989
.690
.079

1.578
. 000

.lbO

.243

. 000

.214
.154
1.738
.wo

.OOO
-

- 1.009

.232
1.886

-.wwl
.oow7
-.00029
.00046
-.00343

.00005
.oooffi
-.00050
.00086
-.00425

- .00559

-.00079
.00158

.00026

- .00009

.WO

.00288
-.00802

-.00091

.00053
- .00062

-.01441

- .00204
-.00207
.00153
.00545

- .00382
.00690
.a3840
-.02344

- .ooa49

(4)

.123

.ow

.453
1.990

. 000

.904
.960
1.028
.604

.464
.llO

-.041

.WO

.WO

.091

- 1.058

- 1.007

.256
.152

1.955

-.115
5.499

,005
-815

1.085
.951

. 000

.ooo

-.00139
.00039
.OW26

.050
.206

1.757

.393
1.132

. 000

(3)

- 1.000

- 1.142
.716

- 1.239

(2)

TQ

.341
- .497
-1.720

- .00080

- .02153

.00771

- .00700
- .00338
.00565

3.922

-465

.813
1.066

.40/a

(I)

T,

.00023
- .00059
- .00059
.00266

.WO
-.017
.533

.wo

1.951

1.766

1.111

.197

1;';;

.ow
-354

.OloOl
- .02868

- .00474
.01015

.OOO

- -01249

(4)

MQ

/+=200

Due to Oeod Lood

COI. (311

Shell

MO= r pd COI.(4)

s*= - L [pd

Cylindrical

1.598

.678
1.352

4.162

.570
.065
.237

-000

(3)

-1.119
.374

- 1.399
- 1.168

(2)

(1)

.998
.976
;575
.747
3.061

TO

TX

/,: 100

Cd. (2)

LPdcd.II)1

-1.214
-1.135
- .747
- -082

dpd

Forces in o Multiple

I.OOQh
.75&
.%4k
.25+h
0

.250,

l:iii

.E$

IDOQ,
.75$k

I .ooq,
.75qk
-Qh
.=Qk

I oo&
750k
.-$k
.25@,,

.?.%k

I .OOQk
15 +k
-5o'?k

To =

TX i

Table 1 lnternol

12.097

A67
3.262

.149

.534

9.207

.263
.321
A63
- 4.492
17.586

.406
.126
.I48
- 4.075
14.873

.231
.181

6.297

.46(i
.)a6
1.885
.474

.202
4.682

.064
-661
I.466

- 1.304
- 1.990

11)

TX

= 300

.967
.973

.132

.Y28
1.052
1.034
-343

.847
-155
.178

1.018
.963
.949
.775
.070

.08@

.691

1.014
.Y53
.995

-975
.920
.826
.062

.. 1.012

.098

- 1.051
- .552

.OW

- 1.097
- 1.116

.wo
.25Y
.193
1.339
. 000

.wo
.269
.127
1.547
.ooo

.ooo

.118
1.760

. 000
.231

.wo

1.937

.OW
.06Y
.278

.wO

2.m

.661

-.098

.wo

1.876
.WO

.961

.I66

(3)

(2)

TQ

7,

MQ

- .00002
.00005
- .ow13
.ow17
- .00277

- .00031
.wO45
- .w343

.OOOlO

-.00003

- .0044Y

-.00062
.OOlOl

. 00005
. owo9

-.00650

-.OOlOl
.00214

.00046
-.00024

-.01125

.00437

-.00012

-.00142

-.00015

.0069!
- .01871

.0040:

- .005ol
-.0029t

14)

are

22

*Sheer

0? supports,

others

.000
.202
.313
1.553
.000

- 1.001
.969
.959
.642
.065

.310
.059
- .495
-2.201
10.467

I,Oc+k
.75$k
.W$k
.25$k
o

1.8

ore

.000
.159
.342
1.65b
.000

.989
.973
.983
.592
.073

.264
- .013
- .752
-1.846
8.970

I .~$k
.75 .$k
W@k
.25$k
o

rces

1.4

of rnidspon

.0044;

.0008i

.0000:
.00001
. 0003!

. 00+316
. 0000?
.0006(
.0013!
.0055$

. 00+33:
.0003:
.00C81
.00226
.0073:

.000
.081
.435
1.751
.000

.%6
.990
1.006
.509
.084

.092
- .049
-1.083
-1.301
7.382

I oa+k
.75 .$k
,5a~
.25&
o

1.0

.00011
.00105
. OOQ48
.00385
.01553

.000
.003
.616
1.801
.000

.951
1.028
1.001
.384
.103

.179
.231
-1.369
.599
5.748

I.oa6k
.75 Qk
.30+k
.25Qk
o

.6

.75 $K
.5aqk
.25.$ ~
o
.00479
.00298
.00383
.00728
.01988

.4

.000
.193
.922
1.701
.000

. 0121E
.0049(
.0099:
.01053
.029%

- 1.097
- 1.097
.836
.170
.147

.
.

(4)

[p,

.032
.552
-1.157
.140
3.977

I oa$k
.75 @k
.w$~
.25@k
o

(3)

M+=

.000
.528
1.174
1.525
.000

(21

T+

Shell

.285
.253
.186
-3.252
13.734
-

.376
.119
- .043
-2.964
11.697

.437
.057
.483
- 2.376
9.540

.189
.055
- 1.086
-1.439
7.308

.298
.313
1.488
.304
5.054

-1.012
- .968
- .9C8
- .768
.053

-1.015
- .959
- .933
- .723
.050

-1.008
- .953
- .973
- .645
.058

- .966
- .974
-1.021
- .517
.083

- .941
-1.047
- .997
- .322
.113

. 1.109
1.106
.815
.142
.154

(2)

.000
.265
.264
1.302
.000

.000
.268
.218
1.467
. 0C4

.000
.230
.220
1.635
.000

.000
.097
.359
1.775
.000

.000
-.023
.679
1.820
. 0+30

-.00002
.00005
-.00016
.00023
.00311

- .00002
.0000$
-.00035
.00054
-.00397

. Oooos
. Ooow
- .00068
.00116
-. 0050$S

.00051
- .00031
- .00108
.00244
- .00737

- .00037
- .0+3165
.00005
.00500
- .01293

.00344
. 004%
.0079:
.02171

. .0060:

.000
.215
.939
1.697
.Ooo
-

(4)

Tx

.200
.380
.426
3.664
16.157

.246
.328
.368
-3.552
13.680

.407
.108
.006
-3.051
11.136

.448
.131
.697
-2.098
8.519

.192
.140
-1.463
.671
5.755

.243
- .449
-1.411
- .013
4.395

(1)

.*A

1.012
.971
.897
.785
.052

1.019
.955
.934
.721
.Cbo

1.002
.951
.995
.602
.073

.924
1.013
1.037
.396
.100

- 1.007
- .979
.880
.819
.047

- .991
. 1.076
.932
- .240
.130

(2)

T+

rlt = 3oa

-d

(3)

Due to Deed Load

- .048
- .585
-1.143
.221
3.772

(1;

co,. w]

S*= - L Pd COl (3)


[1

Cylindrical

1.318
1.143
.622
.011
.191

.640
.764
.642
.532
2.847

(1)

Tx

r/+ z 100

Col. (2)

r [,

.
-

To ,

Col. (1)

Forces in o Multiple

Pd
[1

I ,Oo$k

r/L

Internal

TX, $

Table 1

.Ooo
.250
.340
1.057
.000

.000
.274
.260
1.255
.OCQ

.000
.284
.190
L.479
.Ooo

.000
.205
.232
1.693
.000

.547
1.826
.000

-.026

.Ow

.Ooo
.IM5
.796
1.784
.000

(3)

+,

.0024(
.0025(
.00194
.0C63$
.01672

-.00001
.00001
-.00003
.00000
.00251

-.00003
.00006
-.00015
.00020
-.00311

-.00004
.00013
-.00044
. 00%5
- .0C408

.00022
.00001
-. 00+394
.00166
-.00592

. 001M6
-.00105
-.00098
.00406
-.01033

.
-

(4)

55

22

I.6

1.4

1.0

.6

.4

.952
.998
.986
.424
.075
.985
-967
.965
.541
.062

- .OlO
- .13&
1.042
- .7a2
5.279

ore

+Sheor

others

fa~rces are

=+k
0
01 supports,

.WO
.251
.347
1.361
.ooo

-1.006
- .%2
- .915
- .653
.a7

- .309
- .143
- .234
-1.986
9.616

l.wk
.*+k
=Qk

=Qk
.25+k
0

.75 k

I.00

.WOSO
-.OW73
-.00095
.W338
-.00964

at midq

.oowl
.OOOW
-.00029
.00055
-.w399

.WOO7
.OOOOZ
-.OOOSl
.ooo99
-.WSW

.ow27
.WO
.176
-.OWlL
.391
-.OOm2
1.575
.W181
.OOO -.OOb62

-535
1.651
.WO

.076

.OW

.ooo' -.W256
.113 - .00249
.793
.00195
1.622
.OOb64
.OOO -.01769

8.

- .01041
m.00465
.00862
.0103e
- -02912

.ooo
.392
1.022
1.474
.ooo

.231
.315
.207
-2.675
12.536

.276
-261
.136
- 2.579
10.671

- .381
- .103
- .144
- 2.213
8.739

.360
.03e
- .656
-1.494
b.733

.932

.995
.952
-970
-553
.061

-1.008
- .971
- .869
- .753
.038

-1.012
- .%3
- .884
- .722
.043

-1.016
- .951
- .918
- .662
-050

-1.012
- -998
- .364
.083

- -;&6
_ .215
.llO

-1.107
.064
3.546
,120
- .194
-1.192
- .432
I+.617

_ 1.070

-428

- 1.012

(2)

(1)

-099

I--

.OOO

1.090

.wo
-269
.375

.ooo
.285
.318
1.244
300

.ooo
.284
-274
1.418
.ow

.ooo
.208
.325
1.583
.oa

.ow
-029
,594
1.677
.ooo

.808
1.624
.wo

-117

.ooo

(3)

f/+ = ZCKI

1-v

(41

(3)
-

cd. (411

.a

T*

,'[pd

WI. (3) 1

101.

St-11 nalp +nnanA ln&

TX

MQ=

s*= - L [p,

Cylindrical

M*

.wo
.232
.344
1.470
.ooo

6.804

- .255
- .038
- .7Oa
1.333

-1.012
-1.062
- .896
- .238
.lOb

.083
- .4w
-1.092
- .wv
3.723

- 1.218
- 1.113
.691
.056

.144

(2)

(I 1

-.358
-.597
-.705
.358
2.715

T*

TX

-,1.003
- -960
- .937
- -613
.053

/t = I00

COI. (211

Forces in o Multiple

- .323
- .074
- .420
-1.753
8.252

.25&
0

lDOQk
75+k
.-Qk

25+k

=+k

-75%

l.OOq,

=4h
-=o+k
2=Qk
0

I .OOQk

T, =

Table 1 lnternol

-.OOWl
.oooo2
-.OOO%
.WOOs
-.00277

-.WW3
.WOO7
- .00020
.00028
-.w345

.00012
-.WOso
.wo79
-.Ow+55

- .oooo2

.00030
-.OOOOS
-.OOll?2
.w193
-A0664

-.00125
-.WO88
.w53
- .01170

.ooo%

.00272
.00731
_ .01928

- -222
- .324
.216
-2.787
14.699

- .202
- .364
.322
-2.906
12.469

.270
-284
-210
-2.703
10.176

- .440
- -016
- .290
-2.033
7.809

- -086
- -047
-1.057
- -815
5.291

-1.005
- .976
^__
- .tJx
- .787
.034

-1.W6
- -974
- .858
- .770
.038

-1,014
- .963
- .881
- .725
.ow,

-1.018
- .%A
- .936
_ .629
.O%

- ,949
- .979
-1.007
- A37
.073

- .941
- 1.040
- .%8
- .2V4
.otw

.205
- .312
-1.234
- .14b
4.032

- .W336
- .w291

(4)

TQ

= 300

(2)

TX

yt

lrLJ&m

(1)

MQ

*pd

.wo
.248
.455
.862
.ooo

.ow
.268
,389
1.035
.ooo

.m
-295
.301
1.249
.ooo

.ooo
.280
.259
1.481
.ow

.ooooa
-.OOWl
.WOo3
-.OOoll
-.00223

-:iEE
.WOQl
-.00277

-.OOOOl

-.oooo5
.WolC
-.OW25
.00034
-.00365

.oooo2
.0001:
-.0007:
.w12c
-.w53c

.oooa:

-.OO%i
-.w13:
.w351
- .W94!

.085
.471
1.657
.ow

- .ooo,
- .0020
.ooo2
.W58,
- .0143

M*
(4)

.ooo

.026
,697
1.670
.ooo

,000

(3)

h=60

---

.,

1.204

-3.455

1.551

.751pk

.50+k

.25#k

(va?ley)

-1.441

-17300

-3.947

($:,

Constant

Constant

.083

I 1,800
44,400

2.693

10.111

.375

.595

6/300

15,200

T+

,..

2.759
0

I 340

2.57 I

1.415

Constant

-(L)Pd

300

2120

4290

5130

Farce
(l b./ft.)

(r) pd = 3560

+, = 26.4
P: 30 psf
Pd 50 psf

Force
(lb./f t.)

(L2/r)pd = 4390

Tortes In a simply supporTea inferior

Multiplier

.
oT

Tx

..

Force

L= 50 ft.

in.
r = 45 ft.

,,
Lolcularlon

t=4

Given :

lame z -

-,

-10,900

-10,160

-5590

::yf;,

vi

. .

= -3950

Wti

..

cylinarlcal

M+

Constant

-.00970

00324

.00321

.00 146

- I 550

520

510

- 230

~fp;:,;f+.:
1
-620

(rz)pd = 160,000

-,00385

,.,

snell

0.2

04 -

0.6

0.8

Lo

0.1

r/ L=2.6

Fig. I

x/L

0.3

- Longitudinal distribution of Tx ot volley

0.2

Parobotic distribution

0.4

0.5

N
.*
L

-4
u-l
N

o
II

o
-

al

C3

(Q

*s/s

(y

c
\
%

0.2

0.4

0.6

O.E

I .C

*
;

.50

,75

0.2

Fig.4

r/t = 135
r/L= 0.6
+,= 27.5

Relative

0.4

distribution

s so.50+k

0.6

of shear

0.8

1.0

k%

-J

(0

.*
L

M+ (k - ft. /ft.)

-i

I .0

-0.5

Lo

0.5

.75
0.8

---M~

.50

~ by beam
y method

0.6
s
\

~
/

.
\
o.4~5

//

L@

<

r/t = 135
0.2

~TX by beam method

r/L= 0,9
+, =26.4
,

-6

Fig. 7

Transverse

.,.

-4

distribution

-2
TX (k /ft.)

of TX and M+ for interior

shell example

This publication is based on the facts, tests, and authorities stated


herein It is intended for the use of professional personnel competent
to evaluate the significance and limitations of the reported findings
and who will accept resposibility for the application of the material it
contains. The Portland Cement Association disclaims any and all
responsibility for application of the stated principles or for the accuracy of any of the sources other than work performed or information
developed by the Association.

Printed in the U.S.A.

EB020.01 D

You might also like