FL664 Dr.

Abreu

Rebeca R. Hill

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

For#ar $ a% &ot a& a&al!st so $ #ill &ot 'rete& to be o&e. As a teac(er) $ li*e to *ee' t(i&gs si%'le so t(at a&!o&e ca& u& ersta& %! 'oi&t. $& t(e life of aca e%ia) it is u& erstoo t(at co%'le+ ter%i&olog! is 'art of #(at #e lear& a& o. Ho#e,er) #(e&

co%%u&icati&g t(ose abstracts to t(e ge&eral 'o'ulace -stu e&ts.) si%'licit! is a %ust. $ loo*e at t(e 'a'er t(at /r. 0a&& 'ro uce for t(is class. /! for%at a& a''roac( are iffere&t. All t(e co%'o&e&ts are t(ere "ust &ot i& t(e sa%e #a! t(at /r. 0a&& a''roac(e (is case stu !. 1(e& it all is bro*e& o#& to t(e basics) t(ere is o&l! o&e 2uestio& t(at &ee s to be as*e a& a&s#ere ) 3Di !ou get it45 a& if t(e a&s#er is 6!es78 #ell) #o& erful. Ho#e,er) if t(e a&s#er is 6&o)8 t(e& furt(er i&,estigatio&s &ee to be co& ucte . /a&! ti%es) i& t(e classroo%) t(e a&s#er #ill be 6&o.8 $ teac( le,el $$ a& le,el $$ S'a&is(. 9(ere is a ,ariet! of lear&i&g st!les a& stu e&ts #(o co%e i&to %! roo%s e,er! !ear. 9(e c(alle&ge co%es #(e& t(e! o&8t u& ersta& a& t(e a&s#er is 6&o8 a& $ (a,e to tur& t(at i&to a 6!es78 As a& e+a%'le of t(at) $ #or*e #it( a stu e&t #(o #ill be referre to as 6Paco8 &ot (is real &a%e) for 2 #ee*s to#ar s t(e e& of t(e sc(ool !ear. 1e %et for a''ro+i%atel! o&e (our to 1:;0 %i&utes after sc(ool. Paco is a& <t( gra er) ar* (aire !ou&g %a&. As a& a olesce&t) (e is all ar%s a& legs at t(is 'oi&t a& is so%e#(at 'etite a& s(!. He is able to %e%ori=e ,ocabular! fairl! #ell but (as a ifficult ti%e 'utti&g t(e gra%%ar as'ect of t(e la&guage toget(er so t(at (e is able to successfull! toggle bet#ee& te&ses a& t(eir structure. 1e %et after sc(ool for 2 #ee*s 'rior to t(e fi&al

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

e+a% for t(is le,el $$ S'a&is( class.

For t(e 'ur'ose of t(is 'a'er) $ "otte

o#& t(e

%ost sig&ifica&t 'oi&ts t(at #e (a to co,er.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

Da! 1 >bser,atio& Paco co%es i&to t(e classroo% at t(e H.S. #ere (e too* t(e bus fro% t(e ?.H. to %eet #it( %e. He is ,er! s(! a& sa!s) 6Hola) Se@ora Hill.8 $ res'o& 6Hola Paco. ABstCs listo45 a& (e sa!s 3SD.5 He sits &e+t to %e so t(at #e ca& begi& #or*i&g toget(er o& t(e 'ast te&se -'reteritEi%'erfect.. He ta*es out (is &otes a& $ as* (i% #(at (e is (a,i&g trouble #it(. Paco states t(at (e oes&8t u& ersta& t(e iffere&ce bet#ee& t(e t#o a& ca&8t isti&guis( #(e& to use o&e or t(e ot(er.

Reflect Paco8s co&fusio& is &ot u&i2ue but si&ce (e is a co&scie&tious stu e&t) (e #a&ts to u& ersta& a& succee . $& (is S'a&is( Class) as a %ea&s of 'rese&ti&g t(e %aterial) a Po#erPoi&t Prese&tatio& featuri&g t(e Preterit a& t(e $%'erfect #ere s(o#&. Also) t(e Fra!er /o el #as (a& e out a& as a class) #e bro*e o#& t(e ,erbsEco&"ugatio& a& (ig(lig(te t(e 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 -#or s t(at sta& out a& sig&al so%et(i&g big is about to (a''e&.. Also) #e #atc(e t(e c(il re&8s stor! 3Little Re Ri i&g Hoo 5 -Fe# 0ersio&. as a %ea&s to a to t(e 'rior *&o#le ge of stu e&ts. 9(e&) stu e&ts (a a co'! of t(at stor! i& S'a&is( a& (a to c(oose fro% t(e 'retEi%'. for%atio&s of t(e ,erbs. For e+a%'le: Ca'erucita Ro"a -tu,oEte&Da. %uc(o %ie o. $ eci e to #or* bac*#ar s #it( Paco a& start at t(e begi&&i&g.

Classroo% $%'licatio&sE/aterial use Po#erPoi&t Prese&tatio& of t(e Preterit a& 9(e $%'erfect Fra!er /o el #it( 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 #or s t(at i& icate t(e 'reterit Fra!er /o el #it( 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 #or s t(at i& icate t(e i%'erfect Fote car s #it( co&"ugatio&s of eac( 0ie#e 3Little Re Ri i&g Hoo 5 -Fe# 0ersio&. i& S'a&is( #it( B&glis( subGtitles. Stor! i& S'a&is( -Little Re Ri i&g Hoo . A&al!sisE$&sig(tsECo&clusio& $& (is boo*) 3/ar*i&g Past 9e&se i& Seco& La&guage Ac2uisitio&)5 Rafael Salaberr! states) 3>&e of t(e %ost sig&ifica&t c(alle&ges face b! a ult B&glis( &ati,e s'ea*ers

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

lear&i&g S'a&is( as a seco& la&guage is t(e &otorious isti&ctio& bet#ee& t(e Preterite a& t(e $%'erfect5 -Salaberr!) 200<.. 1ell) it certai&l! is true for a olesce&t a& tee&agers as #ell. 9(ere are %a&! factors to co&si er i& SLA. 3Ht(ere is absolute agree%e&t t(at i&'ut is &ecessar! for ac2uisitio& to ta*e 'lace5 -Sa&=) 200I.. Paco (a recei,e i&'ut i& t(e for% of ,isual ai s) gra'(ic orga&i=ers a& a #ritte& stor!. Also) Paco recei,e ,erbal i&'ut fro% %e) t(e teac(er. $ s'ea* %ostl! i& S'a&is( to %! classes so t(at t(e! #ill get a feel for (o# t(e la&guage sou& s. At ti%es) $ o refer to certai& t(i&gs i& B&glis( o&l! as a %ea&s of clarificatio& bri geG for t(ose stu e&ts #(o %a! &ot be able to u& ersta& . $ li*e #(at Sa&= sa!s i& (er boo*) 3A ult SLA: 9(e $&teractio& bet#ee& e+ter&al a& i&ter&al factors)5 #(e& s(e sa!s t(at) 3Due i& 'art to t(e i&flue&ce of C(o%s*!a& a''roac(es to la&guage) SLA researc( (as focuse %ost of its e&erg! o& i e&tif!i&g u&i,ersals rat(er t(a& $Ds t(at %! i&flue&ce SLA. $& i&for%atio&G'rocessi&g a''roac(es) (o#e,er) atte&tio&) %e%or!) a& $Ds are see& as *e! ,ariables i& eter%i&i&g i&'ut 'rocessi&g. $ agree #it( t(is. 9(at is #(! $ tr! to fro&tGloa %! stu e&ts #it( as %uc( i&for%atio& as 'ossible a& 'rese&t it i& as %a&! iffere&t #a!s as 'ossible. Ho#e,er) i& t(e case of Paco) t(is #as still &ot a e2uate. He &ee e furt(er (el'. $ #e&t bac* to t(e begi&&i&g a& as*e (i% so%e 2uestio&s i& B&glis( about a 'ast tri' (e too* a& so%e t(i&gs (e i . As (e #as s'ea*i&g) $ #rote t(e% o#&. -See A''e& i+ A.. 1e t(e& #e&t bac* a& loo*e at t(e co&,ersatio& i& B&glis( a& $ tra&slate it to S'a&is( lea,i&g out t(e 'ast te&se of t(e ,erbs. 1e loo*e at t(e Fra!er /o el a& stu ie t(e structure of t(e 'reterit te&se first.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

A''e& i+ A Co&,ersatio& #it( Paco 0acatio& (e a& (is fa%il! too* to Dis&e! 1orl . Da! 1 9eac(er: 9(i&* of a ,acatio& or tri' !ou too* #it( !our fa%il! t(at #as reall! s'ecial. 9ell %e #(! !ou t(oug( t(is #as so. Paco: 1(e& $ #as < !ears ol ) %e a& %! fa%il! #e&t to Dis&e! 1orl . 1e (a a great ti%e. 9eac(er: Paco: 9eac(er: Paco: for iffere&t ri es. 9eac(er: Di !ou ta*e so%e frie& s a& sibli&gs #it( !ou o& !our tri'4 Jea. /! little sister a& %! best frie& ?oe. 1(at are so%e of t(e t(i&gs !ou i t(ere4 1e #e&t o& 6S'ace /ou&tai&8 a& ro e arou& t(e 'ar* loo*i&g 1as 6S'ace /ou&tai&8 fu&4 1(!4

Paco: 31ell) !ea() it #as great because it #as all i& t(e ar* a& !ou coul &8t see #(ere !ou #ere goi&g a& t(e&) it #e&t o#& fast. S'ooo*ie.5 9eac(er: i& >rla& o4 Paco: 9eac(er: 9(at sou& s ,er! cool. Di !ou o a&!t(i&g else #(ile !ou #ere Jea() #e ,isite %! gra& fat(er 6cause (e li,es t(ere &o#. Ho# i !ou li*e t(at4

Paco: $t #as o.*. $ li*e to see (i% 6cause #e use to ,isit (i% a lot #(e& (e li,e closeG!ou *&o#Gto us. Kut) (e) #ell) (e %o,e 6cause (e oes&8t li*e t(e s&o#.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

Da! 2 >bser,atio& 9(is after&oo&) #(e& Paco ca%e to #or* #it( %e) #e sat o#& a& $ too* out t(e co&,ersatio& #e (a regar i&g (is ,acatio&. $ as*e (i% to t(i&* about t(e 'reterit a& (o# it is a& actio& t(at is fi&is(e . $ tol (i% it #as li*e closi&g a oor) o&ce it is close ) it is a 6 o&e eal.8 B,e& if !ou #e&t bac* a& o'e&e it) t(ere is a 6closure8 to t(e actio&. 9(is is al#a!s a& i& icator of t(e 'reterit te&se i& S'a&is(. $ as*e (i% to loo* at t(e co&,ersatio& a& to t(i&* about t(ose actio&s t(at #ere li*e t(at close oor. $ also as*e (i% to ta*e out (is &otes o& t(e 'reterit a& t(e i%'erfect t(at #e (a re,ie#e !ester a! a& loo* for i& icators t(at #oul sig&al t(e 'reterit. $ ga,e (i% (ig(lig(ters so t(at (e coul u& erli&e t(e 'reterit i& !ello# a& t(e i& icators i& gree&. He bega& to loo* for t(ese t(i&gs i& t(e B&glis( ,ersio& of t(e co&,ersatio&. L$ (a t!'e it t(e &ig(t before so t(at (e #oul (a,e a clea& co'! a& $ #oul (a,e so%et(i&g fres( to start #it( also.M Paco acco%'lis(e t(e tas* a& t(e& #e bot( loo*e at (is #or*. LSee A''e& i+ KM.

Reflect As Paco #or*e to a!) (e #as focuse o& a tas*. 9(is is reall! i%'orta&t to get stu e&ts #(o are struggli&g to sto' a& reall! 'i& 'oi&t o&e or t#o t(i&gs t(e! ca& focus o& t(at t(e! are struggli&g #it(. K! ta*i&g ti%e a& &ot 'utti&g t(e 'ressure of loo*i&g for t(i&gs i& S'a&is( but rat(er i& (is &ati,e la&guage) t(ere is a certai& a%ou&t of co&fi e&ce t(at $ sa# i& (i%. He is a stu e&t #(o li*es to o t(i&gs rig(t so b! gi,i&g (i% t(e o''ortu&it! to succee i& t(is tas*) (e #ill feel t(at (e is begi&&i&g to u& ersta& t(e co&ce't better. Ho#e,er) $ see fro% (is #or*) t(at (e oes &ot al#a!s u& ersta& i& (is &ati,e la&guage t(is co&ce't of a& actio& t(at is fi&is(e .

Classroo% $%'licatio&sE/aterial use Fra!er /o el #it( 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 #or s t(at i& icate t(e 'reterit Fra!er /o el #it( 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 #or s t(at i& icate t(e i%'erfect Fote car s #it( co&"ugatio&s of eac( Co&,ersatio& 'iece regar i&g Paco8s %e%orable ,acatio&. A&al!sisE$&sig(tsECo&clusio&

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

9(e 'roble% arises #it( t(e use of t(e 'reterit a& t(e i%'erfect t(at c(alle&ges SLA lear&ers i& t(at 3Ht(e use of t(e Preterite or $%'erfect i&tro uces a isti&ct &ua&ce of %ea&i&g t(at t(e &o&G&ati,e s'ea*er #ill (a,e to u& ersta& i& or er to c(oose t(e a''ro'riate %ar*ers.5 -Salaberr!) 200<.. 9(is %a*es it ifficult for a olesce&ts a& a ults to gras'. Paco (as bee& i&,ol,e i& a F.L.B.S. 'rogra% at t(e ele%e&tar! sc(ool #(ic( bega& i& t(e It( gra e. Ho#e,er) i& or er to u& ersta& t(ese iffere&ces easil!) !ou reall! &ee to (a,e al%ost a &ear &ati,e li*e co%'ete&ce. 3Ac(ie,i&g &ati,eli*e co%'ete&ce i& a& L2 re2uires t(at !ou begi& lear&i&g as a c(il . 9(is is a& i ea t(at is #i el! a& u&2uestio&i&gl! acce'te ) a& it is ec(oe arou& us e,er! a!H9er%i&olog! relate to age effects ca& be co&fusi&g.5 -Sa&=) 200I.. Kecause t(e stu ies (a,e s(o#& t(at t(ere is i& ee a critical age 'erio for SL ac2uisitio&) #e &ee to t(i&* about alter&ati,es t(at (el's us u& ersta& t(ose stu e&ts #(o e,e& if t(e! are e+'ose to t(e la&guage at a& earl! age still struggle #it( iffere&t as'ects of t(e la&guage. Paco (as bee& i& lear&i&g S'a&is( &o# si&ce (e #as i& t(e It( gra e but is &o #(ere to t(e 'oi&t of easil! gras'i&g co%'le+ gra%%atical structures. $ feel t(at 'er(a's it is because of t(e i&'ut i& (is (o%e e&,iro&%e&t is &ot co& uci,e to ac2uiri&g (is L2. Sa&= states t(at t(ere is 3a se&siti,e 'erio ) uri&g #(ic( t(e orga&is% is es'eciall! rece'ti,e to lear&i&g but be!o& #(ic( successful lear&i&g is &ot 'reclu e .5 -Sa&=) 200I.. $ feel t(is is &ot t(e case #it( Paco. $ belie,e t(at (is e&,iro&%e&t outsi e of t(e classroo% (as t(e greatest i&flue&ce i& ac2uisitio&. 3Social co&structi,is% e%'(asi=es t(e i%'orta&ce of social i&teractio& a& coo'erati,e lear&i&g i& co&structi&g bot( cog&iti,e a& e%otio&al i%ages of realit!. S'i,e! -100N) '. 24. &ote t(at co&structi,ist researc( te& s to focus o& 3i& i,i uals e&gage i& social 'ractices) o& a collaborati,e grou') LorM o& a global co%%u&it!.5 9(e c(a%'io& of social co&structi,is% is 0!gots*! -1ON<.) #(o a ,ocate t(e ,ie# t(at 6c(il re&8s8 t(i&*i&g a& %ea&i&gG%a*i&g is sociall! co&structe a& e%erges out of t(eir social i&teractio&s #it( t(eir e&,iro&%e&t8 -Pauf%a&) 2004) '.;04.5 -Kro#&) 200N.. $& %! o'i&io&) i& or er for Paco to be able to u& ersta& co%'le+ te+ts suc( as t(ese &ua&ces #it( t(e ,erb te&se) t(ere &ee s to be social i&'ut i& t(e 'ri%ar! iscourse.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

A''e& i+ K Co&,ersatio& #it( Paco 0acatio& (e a& (is fa%il! too* to Dis&e! 1orl . Da! 1 9eac(er: 9(i&* of a ,acatio& or tri' !ou too* #it( !our fa%il! t(at #as reall! s'ecial. 9ell %e #(! !ou t(oug( t(is #as so. Paco: 1(e& $ #as < !ears ol ) %e a& %! fa%il! #e&t to Dis&e! 1orl . 1e (a a great ti%e. 9eac(er: Paco: 9eac(er: Paco: for iffere&t ri es. 9eac(er: Di !ou ta*e so%e frie& s a& sibli&gs #it( !ou o& !our tri'4 Jea. /! little sister a& %! best frie& ?oe. 1(at are so%e of t(e t(i&gs !ou i t(ere4 1e #e&t o& 6S'ace /ou&tai&8 a& ro e arou& t(e 'ar* loo*i&g 1as 6S'ace /ou&tai&8 fu&4 1(!4

Paco: 31ell) !ea() it #as great because it #as all i& t(e ar* a& !ou coul &8t see #(ere !ou #ere goi&g a& t(e&) it #e&t o#& fast. S'ooo*ie.5 9eac(er: i& >rla& o4 Paco: 9eac(er: 9(at sou& s ,er! cool. Di !ou o a&!t(i&g else #(ile !ou #ere Jea() #e ,isite %! gra& fat(er 6cause (e li,es t(ere &o#. Ho# i !ou li*e t(at4

Paco: $t #as o.*. $ li*e to see (i% 6cause #e use to ,isit (i% a lot #(e& (e li,e closeG!ou *&o#Gto us. Kut) (e) #ell) (e %o,e 6cause (e oes&8t li*e t(e s&o#. 9(e !ello# i& icates t(e 'reterit te&se for Paco. 9(e gree& i& icates t(e 'reterit i& icators.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

Da! ; >bser,atio& 9o a! #(e& Paco ca%e i&to t(e classroo%) (e sat o#& &e+t to %e a& $ as*e (i% t(e 2uestio&) 3Do !ou u& ersta& #(at $ %ea& #(e& $ sa! t(at a& actio& is fi&is(e 45 He res'o& e ) 3!ea() but so%eti%es) $ t(i&* it coul be re'eate a& t(e& $ get co&fuse . $ t(i&* $ o,er t(i&* it too %uc( a& t(e&) $ c(a&ge it a& t(e& get it #ro&g.5 $ a&s#ere ) 3>.P. !ou (a,e a& i ea of #(at !ou are oi&g t(at %a*es !ou (esita&t. 9(at8s great. 1e ca& #or* #it( t(at.5 3$ #a&t !ou to ta*e out !our &otecar s a& !our co&,ersatio& 'iece t(at #e are #or*i&g #it( a& let8s ta*e a loo* at #(at !ou c(ose i& B&glis( as t(e 'reterit.5 After#ar s) &e+t to eac( se&te&ce) $ #a&t !ou to #rite #(! !ou %a e t(at 'articular c(oice. Do !ou u& ersta& t(e tas*45 Paco sai (e u& erstoo #(at $ #a&te (i% to o a& (e bega& to loo* at t(e co&,ersatio& 'iece a& #rite i& t(e %argi&s #(! (e c(ose t(e ,erb a& i& icators.

Reflect 9o a! $ &otice t(at Paco oes &ot al#a!s (a,e a clear u& ersta& i&g of #(at t(e 'reterit is i& B&glis() (is &ati,e la&guage. 9(is is &ot u&usual. /a&! stu e&ts o &ot *&o# t(is isti&ctio&. $t re%i& e %e of a co&,ersatio& $ (a #it( a& B&glis( teac(er at t(e ?u&ior Hig( #(o tol %e t(at t(e gra%%ar as'ect of B&glis( #as left to F.L. teac(ers. 9(is 'erso& #as &ot "o*i&g. $t %a*es %! "ob %ore c(alle&gi&g because $ (a,e to #or* bac*#ar s so t(at #e ca& all go for#ar .

Classroo% $%'licatio&sE/aterial use Fra!er /o el #it( 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 #or s t(at i& icate t(e 'reterit Fra!er /o el #it( 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 #or s t(at i& icate t(e i%'erfect Fote car s #it( co&"ugatio&s of eac( Co&,ersatio& 'iece regar i&g Paco8s %e%orable ,acatio& A&al!sisE$&sig(tsECo&clusio& 3Pie&e%a&& -1OO<.) co%i&g fro% a& out'ut 'rocessi&g 'ers'ecti,e) belie,es t(at L1 out'ut 'roce ures -(o# 'eo'le 'ut toget(er s!&ta+ a& le+ico& i& real ti%e #(ile s'ea*i&g. are &ot full! tra&sferre i&to SLAHlear&ers %ust ac2uire L2 out'ut 'rocessi&g 'roce ures t(at i&terface #it( t(e lear&er8s e,elo'i&g gra%%ar) a& t(at t(ese are

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

res'o&sible for lear&er8s s'o&ta&eous 'ro uctio&.5 -0a& Patte& Q Ke&ati) 1O<<.. Paco is still i& t(e 'rocess of e,elo'i&g (is gra%%ar i& (is o#& &ati,e la&guage) B&glis(. $t %a*es se&se t(at (e is goi&g to fi& it ifficult to gras' t(e 'ast te&se i& S'a&is(. Patricia K!r fro% Reorgia State S&i,ersit! #rote a& article) 3Instructed Grammar5 i& #(ic( s(e states) 39(e teac(i&g of B&glis( gra%%ar rests o& a& e,erGs(ifti&g fou& atio& of t(eor! a& ata about -a. gra%%ar) -b. seco& la&guage ac2uisitio&) a& -c. classroo% teac(ers8 beliefs a& 'ractices about teac(i&g gra%%ar.5 -Hi&*el) 200I.. 9o u& ersta& (o# B&glis( is taug(t to stu e&ts is (el'ful because as a F.L. teac(er) t(is buil s bac*grou& *&o#le ge for %e so t(at $ able to 're'are %! lesso&s i& suc( a #a! as stu e&ts #ill be able to co%'re(e& ifficult co&ce'ts. 9(ere are se,eral #a!s t(at &ati,e B&glis( s'ea*ers are i&tro uce to gra%%ar. K!r states t(at 3$& t(e S&ite States) bot( t(eoretical li&guistics a& 'e agogical gra%%ar ge&erall! buil fro% a s!&tactic a& se&te&ceGle,el a&al!sis t(at i&clu es bot( fu&ctio&al u&its suc( as 3sub"ects5 a& 're icate8 a& #or class u&its suc( as 3&ou&5 a& 3're'ositio&.5 9(e result of t(is a''roac( #it( its focus o& gra%%atical for%s ca& %ost easil! be see& i& t#o #i el! i&flue&tial t!'es of 'ublicatio&s: -a. t(e largeGscale B&glis( gra%%ar refere&ce boo*s -e.g.) Tui* et al.) 1O<I. a& -b. BSLEBFL -B&glis( as a Seco& La&guageEB&glis( as a Foreig& La&guage. gra%%ar te+tboo*s #it( t(eir c(a'ters o& &ou&s) o& ,erbs) o& 're'ositio&s) o& a ,erbs) o& clauses) a& so fort( -e.g.) A=a) 1OOO.. 1it(i& t(e &ou& c(a'ter) &ou&s are 'rese&te i& ter%s of for%s -si&gular) 'lural) irregular.) s!&ta+ -sub"ect) ob"ect.) a& %ea&i&g -abstract &ou&s) co&crete &ou&s. but t(e focus is o& &ou&s as &ou&s.5 -Hi&*el) 200I. Ho#e,er) K!r oes go o& to state t(at t(ere are also iffere&t #a!s t(at gra%%ar is 'rese&te . Rra%%ar ca& be stu ie 3arisi&g fro% co&te+t5 -'. I46. #(ic( is %ore of a (olistic a''roac( rat(er t(a& 'rescri'ti,e. 9(e a!s of iagra%%i&g a se&te&ce are lo&g go&e but $ feel t(at #e still &ee to (a,e a bala&ce if SLA is goi&g to be facilitate i& our stu e&ts.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

Da! 4 >bser,atio& 9o a!) Paco a& $ #or*e agai& o& t(e co&,ersatio& 'iece. $ (a %a e co%%e&ts to t(e co%%e&ts o& t(e si e %argi& of (is 'a'er. -See A''e& i+ C.. 1(ile #e #ere bot( loo*i&g at (is co%%e&ts) $ as*e (i% t(e follo#i&g 2uestio&) 3Di !ou u& erli&e all t(e ,erbs i& t(e se&te&ces or i !ou %iss so%e of t(e%45 Paco starte to s%ile a little as (e #as rea i&g a& (e sai 3!ea() $ goofe u'. $ see t(at $ (ig(lig(te li*e a& t(at8s &ot i& t(e 'ast te&se.5 $ as*e (i% to rea t(e se&te&ces carefull! a& tell %e if (e sa# a&! ot(er ,erbs t(at 'er(a's (e %ig(t (a,e %isse . Paco a&s#ere 3!ea') $ %isse coul &8t because $ t(oug(t it #as i& t(e 'rese&t te&se.5 $ sai ) 3,er! goo . Fo#) #(at oes t(e co&tractio& for 6coul &8t8 %ea& i& B&glis(45 Paco re'lie 3coul &ot.5 $ res'o& e ) 3B+celle&t. 1(at te&se is 6coul &ot8 'rese&t or 'ast45 Paco sai 3'ast45 $ a&s#ere ) 3Jes) &o# #(at is t(e 'rese&t te&se of 6coul &ot84 He a&s#ere ) 6ca&8. 3$ t(i&* so%eti%es $ "ust &ee to slo# o#& a& rea t(i&gsH!ou *&o#H &ot i& suc( a (urr!.5

Reflect Paco reali=es t(at rea i&g a te+t %ore t(a& o&ce ca& (el' !ou see so%e t(i&gs t(at 'er(a's !ou %a! (a,e %isse t(e first ti%e. He is starti&g to 'ut t(e 'ieces toget(er a& seei&g (o# t(e 'ast te&se loo*s li*e i& (is &ati,e la&guage. Stu e&ts ca&8t %a*e t(e co&&ectio& fro% B&glis( to S'a&is( if t(e! reall! o&8t u& ersta& t(e co&ce't i& t(eir o#& &ati,e to&gue. Paco is isse%i&ati&g i&for%atio& so t(at (e ca& access (is 'rior *&o#le ge t(ereb! %a*i&g t(ose co&&ectio&s (e &ee s fro% t(e L1 to t(e L2.

Classroo% $%'licatio&sE/aterial use Fra!er /o el #it( 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 #or s t(at i& icate t(e 'reterit Fra!er /o el #it( 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 #or s t(at i& icate t(e i%'erfect Fote car s #it( co&"ugatio&s of eac( Co&,ersatio& 'iece regar i&g Paco8s %e%orable ,acatio& stor! i& S'a&is(

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

A&al!sisE$&sig(tsECo&clusio& $& Carol A. Klac*s(ireGKela!8s boo* title 3Curre&t $ssues $& Seco& La&guage Ac2uisitio& a& De,elo'%e&t)5 s(e states 3H'eo'le ac2uire seco& la&guages o&l! if t(e! obtai& co%'re(e&sible i&'ut Li.e.) if t(e! u& ersta& %essagesM a& if t(eir affecti,e filters are lo# e&oug( to allo# t(e i&'ut 6i&8 Lt(at is) if t(e! are sufficie&tl! %oti,ate a& are &ot %e&tall! bloc*e e.g. b! a&+iet!) about li&guistic 'erfor%a&ceM.5 -'. <4.. Paco8s la&guage ac2uisitio& &ee s to be a 'rocess t(at is i& ee lo#Gstress a& !et) a& e&,iro&%e&t t(at (e feels t(at (e ca& succee . K! ta*i&g a'art t(e co&,ersatio& #e (a regar i&g (is tri') (e is able to see (is gra%%atical errors i& B&glis(. Kela! furt(er states t(at) 39(ere is al#a!s restructuri&g i& t(e 'rocess of la&guageGac2uisitio& as lear&ers buil u' a li&guistic s!ste% of t(eir o#&. 9(is s!ste% is co&sta&tl! co%'are #it( t(e target la&guage or so%e a''ro+i%atio& of it) e'e& i&g o& t(e lear&i&g co& itio&s.5 -'.14;.. Paco is efi&itel! co%'ari&g i&for%atio& fro% (is L1 to (is L2 but first) #e &ee to loo* at t(e issues t(at (e is (a,i&g trouble i& (is &ati,e la&guage. $ feel t(at t(ere is a &ecessit! to 6c(u&*8 i&for%atio& for Paco so t(at (e is able to see for (i%self #ere t(e c(a&ges &ee to ta*e 'lace. Ri,i&g stu e&ts large c(u&*s of i&for%atio& is fi&e but i& or er to 'rocess t(at i&for%atio&) !ou (a,e to brea* it o#&. $t %a*es se&se t(at #(e& !ou #a&t to eat a''le 'ie) !ou o&8t eat t(e #(ole 'ie i& o&e gul'. $&stea ) !ou ta*e 'ieces of t(e 'ie so t(at !ou are able to sa,or t(e taste a& &ot c(o*e o& t(e #(ole t(i&g. 9(e sa%e is true #it( &e# i&for%atio& t(at stu e&ts are tr!i&g to ac2uire. 3Aliso& 1ra!8s -2002: O. ofte&G2uote efi&itio& of #(at s(e calls 6for%ulaic se2ue&ces8 a& #(at #e #ill ge&erall! a& i&terc(a&geabl! call 6le+ical '(rases8 or 6c(u&*s8 is as follo#s: 6a se2ue&ce) co&ti&uous or isco&ti&uous) of #or s or ot(er ele%e&ts) #(ic( is) or a''ears to be) 'refabricate : t(at is) store a& retrie,e #(ole fro% %e%or! at t(e ti%e of use) rat(er t(a& begi& sub"ect to ge&eratio& or a&al!sis b! t(e la&guage of gra%%ar.8 t(is efi&itio& co,ers all t(e #or stri&gs t(at are assu%e to be 'rocesse as (olistic u&its b! a&! gi,e& i& i,i ual la&guage user a& it t(us allo#s for t(e li*eli(oo t(at 'articular #or stri&gs t(at are for%ulaic to o&e i& i,i ual &ee &ot be so for a&ot(er.5 -Koers Q Li& stro%berg) 200O.. C(u&*i&g i&for%atio& is a great strateg! #(e& 'rese&ti&g &e# i&for%atio& or re,ie#i&g also. For %e) as a teac(er) it t(e& beco%es 'i,otal i& setti&g u' a criteria for #(at ta*es 'rece e&ce #(e& c(u&*i&g &e# i&for%atio&. 3H#(at criteria s(oul be a''lie i& eci i&g #(at -*i& s of. le+ical '(rases %erit atte&tio& i& lear&i&g a& teac(i&g45 -Koers Q Li& stro%berg) 200O.. Koers a& Li& stro%berg suggest t(at !ou s(oul co&si er 3t(eir fu&ctio&5 to begi&. -'. O.. 9(ere are '(rases t(at are (el'ful #(e& !ou are tal*i&g to a 'erso& 3face to face.5 -'. O.. Ho#e,er) t(is is "ust t(e begi&&i&g. For %e) #it( Paco) $ u& ertoo* to use 3le+ical '(rases5 because t(e! (el' stu e&ts #(e&

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

t(e! are i&,ol,e i& #riti&g or liste&i&g. -Koers Q Li& stro%berg) 200O.. Ri,i&g (i% a co&,ersatio& #e (a about a tri' (e too* t(at %ea&t so%et(i&g to (i% a& brea*i&g it o#& i& c(u&*s %a e t(e i&for%atio& eas! for (i% #or* #it(.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

A''e& i+ C Co&,ersatio& #it( Paco 0acatio& (e a& (is fa%il! too* to Dis&e! 1orl . Da! 1 9eac(er: 9(i&* of a ,acatio& or tri' !ou too* #it( !our fa%il! t(at #as reall! s'ecial. 9ell %e #(! !ou t(oug( t(is #as so. Paco: 1(e& $ #as < !ears ol ) %e a& %! fa%il! #e&t to Dis&e! 1orl . 1e (a a great ti%e. 9eac(er: Paco: 9eac(er: Paco: for iffere&t ri es. 9eac(er:
$ (ig(lig(te 3#as5 a& 3#e&t5 because it (a''e&e o&l! o&ce. $ (ig(lig(te 3#e&t5 because it (a''e&e o&l! o&ce.

3Di 5 is al#a!s a 'reterit i& icator.

Di !ou ta*e so%e frie& s a& sibli&gs #it( !ou o& !our tri'4 Jea. /! little sister a& %! best frie& ?oe. 1(at are so%e of t(e t(i&gs !ou i t(ere4 1e #e&t o& 6S'ace /ou&tai&8 a& ro e arou& t(e 'ar* loo*i&g 1as 6S'ace /ou&tai&8 fu&4 1(!4

Paco: 31ell) !ea() it #as great because it #as all i& t(e ar* a& !ou coul &8t see #(ere !ou #ere goi&g a& t(e&) it #e&t o#& fast. S'ooo*ie.5 9eac(er: i& >rla& o4 Paco: 9eac(er: 9(at sou& s ,er! cool. Di !ou o a&!t(i&g else #(ile !ou #ere Jea() #e ,isite %! gra& fat(er 6cause (e li,es t(ere &o#. Ho# i !ou li*e t(at4
$ (ig(lig(te 3,isite 5 because it #as a 6o&e ti%e8 actio&.

Paco: $t #as o.*. $ li*e to see (i% 6cause #e use to ,isit (i% a lot #(e& (e li,e closeG!ou *&o#Gto us. Kut) (e) #ell) (e %o,e 6cause (e oes&8t li*e t(e s&o#.
$ c(ose 3%o,e 5 because (e i it o&e ti%e o&l!.

9(e !ello# i& icates t(e 'reterit te&se for Paco. 9(e gree& i& icates t(e 'reterit i& icators. 9(e 'ur'le i& icates a ,erb t(at #as %isse .

3li*e5 is i&correct. $t is &ot t(e 'ast te&se. $ (a Paco ret(i&* t(is ,erb. He sai (e 3goofe u'.5

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

Da! I >bser,atio& As Paco ca%e i&to t(e classroo% to a!) $ as*e (i% to ta*e out (is &otes a& $ (a,e (i% a clea& sa%'le of t(e co&,ersatio& 'iece #e (a bee& #or*i&g o&. $ as*e (i%) 3Do !ou feel t(at !ou u& ersta& t(e 'ast te&se a little better &o# or o #e &ee to re,ie# it o&e %ore ti%e45 Paco sai (e t(oug(t (e u& erstoo it better. $ t(e& as*e (i% if (e coul 'lease tell %e t(e i& icators for t(e i%'erfect a& #(e& #oul !ou use it4 Paco a&s#ere ) 3Jou use t(e i%'erfect to sa! so%et(i&g (a''e&e i& 'ast but %ore t(a& "ust o&e ti%e but also) !ou ca& use it to tal* about #(e& !ou #ere a c(il a& to escribe t(i&gs.5 39(at8s great75 B,er!t(i&g !ou sai is correct. Fo#) #(e& !ou sa! it is use to escribe t(i&gs) ca& !ou gi,e %e a& e+a%'le of #(at !ou %ea& b! t(at state%e&t45 Paco a&s#ere : 3SureHits li*e sa!i&g) 3%! (ouse #as ol %i casa era ,ie"a.5 $ res'o& e ) 3B+celle&t. Jou see% to (a,e a goo gras' o& t(e i%'erfect. Fo#) $ ga,e !ou a clea& co'! of t(e co&,ersatio& #e (a,e bee& #or*i&g o& t(e 'ast #ee*. Ca& !ou ta*e a loo* at it agai&) rea it carefull! a& see if !ou ca& 'ic* out t(e i%'erfect te&se a& ) ca& !ou also s'ot a&! i& icators i& t(e se&te&ces45 Paco re'lie ) 3Jea') $ t(i&* $ ca&.5 3Rreat)5 $ sai . 3Here is a re %ar*er. $ #a&t !ou to (ig(lig(t t(e i%'erfect te&se i&

Reflect After #or*i&g #it( Paco to a!) $ feel (e (as a better gras' of t(e i%'erfect as #ell. 1e #ill co&ti&ue to #or* toget(er #it( t(e 6Little Re Ri i&g Hoo 8 stor! a& also #it( t(e rest of t(e class o& t(e stor! 6/o&sters) $&c.8 Fo#) it is a %atter of 'utti&g t(e sa%e i&for%atio& i& S'a&is() #(ic( $ i a& ga,e (i% t(e sa%e irectio&s to (ig(lig(t t(e 'reteritEi%'erfect a& t(eir res'ecti,e i& icators. 9(is ti%e) (e i great. He #as able to feel li*e (e (a a better gras' of t(e co&te&t a& because (e #as #or*i&g o& a o&e o& o&e basis) (e i &ot feel t(reate&e a& at ease. $ *&o# fro% obser,i&g (i% i& class a& #(ile #e #or* t(at (e oes better #it( o&e o& o&e. $& class) because (e is a s(! bo!) (e te& s to &ot raise (is (a& or a&s#er 2uestio&s rea il!. Ho#e,er) $ sa# a iffere&ce i& (is be(a,ior #(e& it #as "ust (e a& $ #or*i&g toget(er. $ feel t(at (e is still goi&g to struggle a little #it( t(is co&ce't but (e oes see% to (a,e a better gras' o& t(e co&ce't at t(is 'oi&t a& (e (as bee& able to %a*e t(at co&&ect t(ose ots fro% L1 to L2.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

B&glis( a& t(e& #it( t(is ora&ge %ar*er) $ #a&t !ou to (ig(lig(t t(e i& icator-s. if !ou fi& itEt(e%. Do !ou u& ersta& t(e irectio&s45 3Jea') got it)5 #as (is re'l!. After Paco i t(is e+ercise) $ (a (i% go to t(e %argi&s of t(e 'a'er a& #rite #(! (e c(ose t(ose ,erbs. -See A''e& i+ D.. After seei&g (is #or*) $ sai to (i% t(at (e (a o&e ,er! #ell.

Classroo% $%'licatio&sE/aterial use Fra!er /o el #it( 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 #or s t(at i& icate t(e 'reterit Fra!er /o el #it( 3re lig(t istrict #or s5 #or s t(at i& icate t(e i%'erfect Fote car s #it( co&"ugatio&s of eac( 0ie#e 3Little Re Ri i&g Hoo 5 -Fe# 0ersio&. i& S'a&is( #it( B&glis( subGtitles. Stor! i& S'a&is( -Little Re Ri i&g Hoo . Stor! i& S'a&is( -/o&sters) $&c.. A&al!sisE$&sig(tsECo&clusio& 1it( Paco) $ use a co&,ersatio& 'iece t(at (e (a to rea a& brea* a'art. Da,i B. Bs*e! of t(e S&i,ersit! of Sout(er& Califor&ia #rote i& (is article title ) 3Rea i&g i& a Seco& La&guage)5 sai t(at rea i&g for lear&ers of a seco& la&guage) 3rea i&g %a! be bot( a %ea&s to t(e e& of ac2uiri&g t(e la&guage) as a %a"or source of co%'re(e&sible i&'ut) a& a& e& i& itself) as t(e s*ill t(at %a&! serious lear&s %ost &ee to e%'lo!.5 -Hi&*el) 200I.. Bs*e! sa!s t(at rea i&g i& t(e target la&guage 3t(at is al#a!s %ea&i&gful) ofte& i& full! gra%%atical for%) a& t(at i&clu es e,er! feature of t(e target la&guage but 'ro&u&ciatio&)5 is &ecessar! for L2 lear&ers. Bs*e! also %e&tio&e Pras(e&. Pras(e& felt t(at 3stu e&ts #(o rea fre2ue&tl! ac2uire) i&,olu&taril! a& #it(out co&scious effort) &earl! all t(e soGcalle 6la&guage s*ills8 %a&! 'eo'le are so co&cer&e about. 9(e! #ill beco%e a e2uate rea ers) ac2uire a large ,ocabular!) e,elo' t(e abilit! to u& ersta& a& use co%'le+ gra%%atical co&structio&s) e,elo' a goo #riti&g st!le) a& beco%e goo -&ot &ecessaril! 'erfect. s'eller.5 -Hi&*el) 200I.. $& teac(i&g t(e 'reteritEi%'erfect) t(ere arise 'roble%s of t(eories i& t(e classificatio& 3of le+ical as'ectual classes.5 -Salaberr!) 200<.. Salaberr! furt(er goes o& to efi&e t(e as'ectual classes i&to iffere&t 3re'rese&tatio&s.5 -'. 21.. Ho#e,er) (e oes %a*e a case for t(e sub"ecti,e as'ect of t(ese ,erbs.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

Paco a& t(e class (a,e &ot bee& 'rese&te #it( t(e o''ortu&it! to stu ! t(ese ,erbs i& a sub"ecti,e for%. 9(e! (a,e (a to c(oose t(e 'reterit or i%'erfect base o& ,er! s'ecific gui eli&es. Ho#e,er) #(e& #e begi& #or*i&g #it( %ore co%'le+ te+ts) t(e! #ill be i&tro uce to t(e 'reteritEi%'erfect i& a #a! t(at t(e! #ill (a,e to t(i&* about eac( i& a %ore sub"ecti,e for%. For e+a%'le: 1a. Rosa sabDa la %e&tira. -9(e i%'erfect is use . Rosa *&e# t(e lie. 2U. Rosa su'o la %e&tira. -9(e 'reterit is use . Rosa *&e# t(e lie. 3$& 'ri&ci'le) #e coul argue t(at 6saber8 is 'rotot!'icall! a state i& all cases) t(us a,oi i&g t(e co&si eratio& of a&! 'ote&tial alter&ati,e classificatio&. 9(is %o,e curtails t(e co&si eratio& of a&! 'ossible -sub"ecti,e. iscre'a&cies about #(ic( categor! to assig& to t(e gi,e& ,erb. S&fortu&atel!) t(is is &ot 'ossible gi,e& t(at t(e li&guistic i&ter'retatio& refere&ce b! t(e ,erb 6saber8 is base o& t(e i&(ere&tl! sub"ecti,e assess%e&t of #(et(er t(e s'ea*er is referri&g to t(e state of t(e i&ce'tio& of t(e state. $& su%) bot( situatio& as'ect a& gra%%atical as'ect s(oul be regar e as 6sub"ecti,e8 to t(e e+te&t t(at i& bot( cases it is t(e s'ea*er -or (earer. #(o selecti,el! focuses o& s'ecific 6as'ects8 or features of t(e situatio& i& realit!. -Salaberr!) 200<.. 9(erefore) it is ,er! i%'orta&t for Paco a& %! stu e&ts to be able to get a goo gras' of t(ese t#o te&ses because t(e! #ill be #or*i&g #it( t(e% i& a %ore critical #a! #it( co%'le+ te+ts. 3Salaberr!H'ro'ose t(at t(e gra ual i&crease i& categorical selectio&s of PreteriteG $%'erfect %a! be irectl! relate to t(e co&sta&t i&cor'oratio& of co&te+tual ele%e&ts i&to t(e lear&er8s e,ol,i&g gra%%ar to better a& %ore a''ro'riatel! efi&e t(e %ea&i&gs of t(e PreteriteG$%'erfect.5 -'. 1<6.. $& closi&g) $ t(i&* of t(e article #ritte& b! Robert De*e!ser a& Ala& ?uffs of t(e S&i,ersit! of Pittsburg) title ) 3Cog&iti,e Co&si eratio&s i& L2 Lear&i&g)5 #ere t(e! state t(at 3#e u& ersta& t(at L2 *&o#le ge ca& be ac2uire i%'licitl!Hor e+'licitl!.5 -Hi&*el) 200I.. $t ca& 3c(a&ge i& &ature o,er ti%e as a result of 'ractice or reflectio&) a& is ra#& o& ,ariabl! e'e& i&g o& t(e i& i,i ual a& t(e circu%sta&ces.5 -'. 44<.. 1it( &e# co&ce'ts t(at are lear&e a& &e# ,ocabular! t(at is use ) #e %o,e for#ar to ac2uisitio& of t(e S'a&is( la&guage. $t ta*es ti%e for all of us to reflectEc(a&geE iscussE'la&) etcHeac( a! as #e %o,e for#ar *ee'i&g as our goal %aster! of t(e la&guage.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

A''e& i+ D Co&,ersatio& #it( Paco 0acatio& (e a& (is fa%il! too* to Dis&e! 1orl . Da! 1 9eac(er: 9(i&* of a ,acatio& or tri' !ou too* #it( !our fa%il! t(at #as reall! s'ecial. 9ell %e #(! !ou t(oug( t(is #as so. Paco: 1(e& $ #as < !ears ol ) %e a& %! fa%il! #e&t to Dis&e! 1orl . 1e (a a great ti%e. 9eac(er: Paco: 9eac(er: Paco: for iffere&t ri es. 9eac(er: Di !ou ta*e so%e frie& s a& sibli&gs #it( !ou o& !our tri'4 Jea. /! little sister a& %! best frie& ?oe. 1(at are so%e of t(e t(i&gs !ou i t(ere4 1e #e&t o& 6S'ace /ou&tai&8 a& ro e arou& t(e 'ar* loo*i&g 1as 6S'ace /ou&tai&8 fu&4 1(!4
1(e& !ou tal* about !our c(il (oo or (o# ol !ou use to be) !ou use t(e i%'erfect.

Paco: 31ell) !ea() it #as great because it #as all i& t(e ar* a& !ou coul &8t see #(ere !ou #ere goi&g a& t(e&) it #e&t o#& fast. S'ooo*ie.5 9eac(er: i& >rla& o4 Paco: 9eac(er: 9(at sou& s ,er! cool. Di !ou o a&!t(i&g else #(ile !ou #ere Jea() #e ,isite %! gra& fat(er 6cause (e li,es t(ere &o#. Ho# i !ou li*e t(at4
>fte& or a lot are #or s t(at tell !ou t(at !ou &ee to use t(e i%'erfect.

Paco: $t #as o.*. $ li*e to see (i% 6cause #e use to ,isit (i% a lot #(e& (e li,e closeG!ou *&o#Gto us. Kut) (e) #ell) (e %o,e 6cause (e oes&8t li*e t(e s&o#.

Page # 1 of 20 Case Stu ! Pro"ect Rebeca R. Hill

Refere&ces Koers) F.) Q Li& stro%berg) S. -200O.. Optimizing A Lexical Approach to Instructed Second Language Acquisition. Fe# Jor*: Palgra,e /ac%illa&. Kro#&) H. D. -2006.. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (5th dition! -I e ... Lo& o&: Pearso& Bsl. Ro&=ale=) 0. -1OO<.. Language and "ogniti#e $e#elopment in Second Language Learning% ducational Implications for "hildren and Adults -1 e ... Kosto&) /A: All!& Q Kaco&. &and'oo( of )esearch in Second Language Teaching and Learning -1 e ... -200I.. /a(#a() F?: La#re&ce Brlbau% Associates. *e+ Terms In Second Language Acquistion. -2010.. Fe# Jor*: Co&ti&uu% $&ter&atio&al Publis(i&g Rrou'. ,ind - "ontext in Adult Second Language Acquistion ,ethods. Theor+. and Practice. -200I.. 1as(i&gto&: Reorgeto#& S&i,ersit! Press. Salaberr!) R. -200<.. ,ar(ing Past Tense in Second Language Acquisition% A Theoretical ,odel. Fe# Jor*: Co&ti&uu%. 0a&Patte&) K.) Q 1illia%s) ?. -200N.. Theories in Second Language Acquisiton An Introduction. /a(#a() Fe# ?erse!: La#re&ce Brlbau% Associates) $&c..