UZB232E Heat Transfer

Fall 2013-2014
Assignment #1 (Due date: 26/10/2013, 23:30)
Question #1: The wall of a drying oven is constructed by sandwiching an insulation material of
thermal conductivity k = u.uS w m. K between thin metal sheets. The oven air is at I
,
=
Suu
o
C, and the corresponding convection coefficient is

= Su w m
2
. K . The inner wall
surface absorbs a radiant flux of q
ud
= 1uu w m
2
from hotter objects within the oven. The
room air is at I
,o
= 2S
o
C, and the overall coefficient for convection and radiation from the
outer surface is
o
= 1u w m
2
. K .
a) Draw the thermal circuit for the wall and label all temperatures, heat rates and thermal
resistances.
b) What insulation thickness L is required to maintain the outer wall surface at a safe to touch
temperature of I
o
= 4u
o
C ?


Question #2: Starting with an energy balance on cylindrical and spherical shell volume
elements, derive steady one-dimensional heat conduction equations for
a) a long cylinder with constant thermal conductivity and no heat generation,
b) and a sphere with constant thermal conductivity in which heat is generated at a rate of
c
gcn
.
Note: Draw the shell volume elements and show lengths, area and the volumes for each
derivation.

Question #3: Consider a long resistance wire that has a constant thermal conductivity and radius
of r
1
=0.4 cm. Inside the wire, there is a uniform heat generation at a constant rate of c
gcn
= 5
W/cm
3
. The wire is covered with a 0.2 cm thick layer of plastic, whose thermal conductivity is
also constant. The outer surface of the plastic cover loses heat by convection to the ambient air at
T=25
o
C with an average combined heat transfer coefficient of h=15 W/m
2
.K. The temperature of
the wire-plastic layer interface is measured to be 28
o
C. Determine the thermal conductivity of the
plastic layer under steady one-dimensional heat transfer conditions.

Question #4: Figure 1 illustrates a spherical dewar containing saturated liquid oxygen that is
kept at pressure p
(Lox)
=25psia; the saturation temperature of oxygen at this pressure is T
(Lox)

=95.6 K.
The dewar consist of an inner and outer metal liner separated by polystyrene foam insulation.
The inner metal liner has inner radius r
mli,in
=10.0 cm and thickness th
m
=2.5 mm. The
conductivity of both metal liners is k
m
=15 W/m.K. The heat transfer coefficient between the
oxygen within the dewar and the inner surface of the dewar is h
in
=15 W/m
2
.K. The outer surface
of the dewar is surrounded by air at T

= 20
o
C. The emissivity of the outer surface of the dewar is
=0.7. The heat transfer coefficient between the outer surface of the dewar and the surrounding
air is h
out
=6 W/m
2
.K. The area-specific contact resistance that characterizes the interfaces
between the insulation and the adjacent metal liners is R
c
=3.0x10
-3
K.m
2
/W.
The thickness of the insulation between the two metal liners is th
ins
= 1.0 cm and the conductivity
of the polystyrene foam at cryogenic temperature is approximately k
ins
=330 W/cm.K.
a) Draw a network that represents this situation using 1-D resistances and write down
resistance expression for each element.
b) Estimate the rate of heat transfer to liquid oxygen
c) Plot the rate of heat transfer to the liquid oxygen as a function of the insulation thickness



Question #5: A lens is used to focus the illumination energy (i.e. radiation) that is required to
develop the resist in lithographic manufacturing process, as shown in the figure below. The lens
can be modeled as a plane wall with thickness L=1.0 cm and thermal conductivity k=1.5 W/m.K
. The lens is not perfectly transparent but rather absorbs some of the illumination energy that is
passed through it. The absorption coefficient of the lens is =0.1 mm
-1
. The flux of radiant
energy that is incident at the lens surface (x=0) is q
ud
=0.1 W/cm2. The top and bottom
surfaces of lens are exposed to air at T=20
o
C and the average heat transfer coefficient on the
surfaces is h=20 W/m
2
.K.
a) Determine and plot the temperature distribution within the lens.
b) Find locations inside the lens where the temperatures are the maximum and minimum.
Calculate the maximum and minimum values of the temperature inside lens.