III, 2012

Belgrade Historical Review III, 2012

: 94:682(497.11)04/14 ; 811.163.41373.21
ID: 194211596

-,
36/II,
aleks.fostikov@gmail.com

*
his paper is a contribution to the study of the blacksmiths crat, in terms
of processing iron in the territory of medieval Serbian states. Besides description,
deinition, diferentiation and the status of this profession, attention was paid to
the classiication and identiication of place names, as a valuable source for the
research of this crat.
: , , , , ,
.
Key words: blacksmith, crat, Serbia, Middle Ages, toponyms, historical geography.

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105

 III (2012) 105126

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Aleksandra Fostikov

BLACKSMITHS CRAFT IN MEDIEVAL SERBIA

Blacksmith is the hero in not only Slavic culture, but also in the worlds oral
tradition, the expert of secret knowledge, the wizard and a representative of God (Gods
blacksmith), being one of the oldest artisans who produces for the market. His name also
is a synonym with the cratsman, a man of practiced and skilled crat, e.g. faber (Lat.),
der Schmied (Germ.), smith (Engl). In the beginning, the term kova, had obviously
some connections with the production from wood and stone, but from the medieval
time on, it gained the aditional meaning, the maker from iron and steel. It also becomes
synonymous with the farrier.
In the medieval world of iron, blacksmith was an important member of the
community. He was the maker of all sorts of useful items, like tools or weapons and he
had a role in changing the world of the technology. In medieval Serbia this crat was
widely expanded, almost every village had one, and it was in the hands of the domestic
people. hey lived and worked: in villages (rulers, feudal or from monasteries), in towns,
and in minings settlements. he blacksmith worked in forge, by furnaces; he had special
tools, and some of them, like hammer and anvil were also the symbols of his trade. His
status was connected to his place of living, but in any case, he was privileged. During
time, this crat was divided in many other subgroups, usually by sort of items he made.
Evan the mechanical clock makers were basically blacksmiths.
he signifance of the blacksmith relects not only in the names and in surnames,
but also on the toponyms, which titles are valuable source for research of this crat. hey
are almost all in some connection, like those derived from the title of profession (kova,
kovati), place of work (viganj, kuznica), mechanical device (samokov), or the names for
the metalls he used (blizna). his paper is only a part of the study on medieval crats,
and we shall address it in detail in our forthcoming doctoral thesis.

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