Bi tiu lun Mn: C s k thut mng truyn thng Ch : Chun IEEE 802.

11

Nhm 2- D11VT2

Danh sch nhm

H v tn on Th Ngc Mai Nguyn Hong Nhung Nguyn Th Thng V Khnh Vn M sinh vin B112101078 B112101084 B112101091 B112101100

LI M U
Ngy nay khi x hi ngy cng pht trin, con ngi cng ngy cng c nhiu phng tin hn trong vic tha mn nhu cu ngy cng cao v sinh hot v cng vic. V con ngi c xu hng s dng mng vin thng mi lc mi ni vi nhiu nhu cu khc nhau. Cc chun mng khng dy t cng ra i dn p ng cc nhu cu cp thit o.Mt phn l s xut hin ca cc chun mng khng dy IEEE 802.11 hay wifi(vit tt t Wireless Fidelity).

LI M U
H thng mng khng dy ny s dng sng v tuyn, ging nh in thoi di ng, truyn hnh v radio. Tuy nhin, sng wifi truyn v pht tn hiu tn s 2.5 GHz hoc 5.8 GHz. Tn s ny cao hn so vi cc tn s s dng cho in thoi di ng, cc thit b cm tay v truyn hnh. Tn s cao hn cho php tn hiu mang theo nhiu d liu hn. H thng ny hot ng mt s sn bay, qun caf, th vin hoc khch sn. N cho php truy cp Internet ti nhng khu vc c sng ca h thng ny, hon ton khng cn n cp ni. Ngoi cc im kt ni cng cng (hotspots), WiFi (chun 802.11) c th c thit lp ngay ti nh ring.

I. Gii thiu chung

IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ngha l "Hc Vin k ngh in v in T) l t chc chuyn mn k thut ln nht trn th gii vi mc tiu thc y s sng to v chuyn ngnh cng ngh v li ch con ngi, c thnh lp vo nm 1884 . T chc IEEE thnh lp mt y ban chun ha ring cho mng LAN/MAN c gi l IEEE 802 (y l chun u tin ca h thng mng khng dy). IEEE 802.11 gi tt l 802.11 l chun ca t chc IEEE bao gm cc c t k thut lin quan n h thng mng khng dy hay gi l chun wireless, thuc h IEEE 802. IEEE 802.11: y l chun u tin ca h thng mng khng dy. Chun ny cha tt c cng ngh truyn hin hnh bao gm Direct Sequence Spectrum (DSSS), Frequence Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) v tia hng ngoi. 802.11 l mt trong hai chun miu t nhng thao tc ca sng truyn (FHSS) trong h thng mng khng dy. Nungi qun tr mng khng dy s dng h thng sng truyn ny, phi chn ng phn cng thch hp cho cc chun 802.11

II. Lch s v pht trin ca IEEE 802.11

1. Lch s ra i
Nm 1985, y ban Lin lc Lin bang M FCC quyt nh "m ca" mt s bng tn ca gii sng khng dy, cho php s dng chng m khng cn giy php ca chnh ph. Cc gii sng ny, gi l cc "bng tn rc" (900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz), c phn b cho cc thit b s dng vo cc mc ch ngoi lin lc, chng hn nh l vi sng s dng cc sng v tuyn un nng thc n. FCC a cc bng tn ny vo phc v mc ch lin lc Nm 1988, cng ty NCR, v mun s dng di tn "rc" lin thng cc my rt tin qua kt ni khng dy, yu cu mt k s ca h c tn Victor Hayes tm hiu vic thit lp chun chung. ng ny cng vi chuyn gia Bruce Tuch ca Trung tm nghin cu Bell Labs tip cn vi T chc IEEE, ni m mt tiu ban c tn 802.3 xc lp ra chun mng cc b Ethernet ph bin hin nay. Mt tiu ban mi c tn 802.11 ra i v qu trnh thng lng hp nht cc chun bt u.

1. Lch s ra i
Phin bn ban u ca chun c hon thnh nm 1997 l 802.11. B nh hng bi thnh cng rt ln ca cng ngh Ethernet(802.3). Lc ny, 802.11 s dng tn s 2,4GHz, dng k thut tri ph trc tip (Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum-DSSS) v tri ph nhy tn nhng ch h tr bng thng ti a l 2Mbps tc kh chm cho hu ht cc ng dng.

2. S pht trin

Thng 12 nm 1999 chun 802.11b (hot ng trn bng tn 2,4 GHz) chnh thc c ph chun v c a vo hot ng. Thng 1 nm 2000 chun 802.11a (hot ng trn bng tn 5,8 GHz), chnh thc c ph chun v c a vo hot ng. Thng 7/2003, IEEE ph chun 802.11g (hot ng trn bng tn 2,4 GHz). Thng 9/2009, IEEE chnh thc ph chun 802.11n (c th hot ng trn 2,4 GHz hoc 5,8Ghz) V c thm rt nhiu chun khc ra i: 802.11d; 802.11h;802.11j;802.11i

III. Kin trc cc lp trong m hnh OSI

Ging cc chun khc ca h IEEE, 802.11 l mt chun hnh thnh bi mt lp vt l v lp iu khin truy cp mi trng MAC. Qua lp ny, chun c giao tip vi d liu lp LLC IEEE 802.2

1. Lp vt l (PHY) - Lp vt l hot ng tc d liu 1Mbps v 2 Mbps trong bng tn RF 2.4 GHz

v trong hng ngoi (IR) Chun Tn s v tuyn (RF) 2,4GHz 850 - 950 nm 5,8GHz 2,4GHz Hng ngoi (IR) C ch Tc d liu cc i (Mbps) 2 2 54 11

802.11 802.11 802.11a 802.11b

FHSS, DSSS IR OFDM DSSS

H thng dng c ch FHSS 2.4 GHz v h thng IR ca chun IEEE 802.11 t khi c s dng. Lp vt l{ OFDM 5 GHz c phm vi hn ch (xp x 15m) nn n t c s dng. a scc sn phm hin ti thc hin cng ngh tri ph chui trc tip (DSSS) theo chun IEEE 802.11b tc d liu ln trn ti 11 Mbps do li th kh nng thc hin v gi thnh ca n.

1. Lp vt l (PHY)
Cc Chc nng ca lp PHY: M ha v gii m tn hiu Tip nhn v truyn ti bt Bao gm ch dn k thut v a hnh v cch thc truyn ti

2. Lp MAC

- Trong khi MAC Ethernet chun IEEE 802.3 thc cht l CSMA/CD th MAC chun IEEE 802.11 l CSMA/CA. - Cc chc nng ca lp MAC Chi phi truy cp n mi trng truyn dn LAN Khi truyn dn, MAC lp rp d liu vo 1 khung vi cc trng d liu v sa li C kh nng pht hin li v xa cc khung b li. - Lp MAC nh ngha hai phng php truy cp khc nhau: Hm phi hp phn tn v Hm phi hp im.

2. Lp MAC

iu khin MAC: bao gm thng tin v giao thc MAC a ch Mac ch: im gn vt l ch a ch MAC ngun : im gn vt l ngun D liu : bao gm thng tin iu khin t lp LLC CRC: kim tra m vng

IV. Cu trc

H thng phn phi im truy nhp Mi trng khng dy Trm

IV. Cu trc
- Kiu Ad-hoc: mi my trong mng giao tip trc tip vi nhau thng qua cc thit b khng dy m khng dng n cc thit b nh tuyn (wireless router) hay thu pht khng dy (wireless access point) - Kiu Infrastructure: cc my trong mng s dng 1 hay nhiu thit b nh tuyn hay thit b thu pht thc hin cc hot ng trao i d liu vi nhau

V. Cc th h ca chun 802.11
1. Chun IEEE 802.11b 2. Chun IEEE 802.11a 3. Chun IEEE 802.11g 4. Chun IEEE 802.11n 5. Chun IEEE 802.11h 6. Chun IEEE 802.11i

1. IEEE 802.11b
Chun 802.11b t n hai tc truyn d liu mi l 5.5 Mbps v 11MBps so vi 2 Mbps ca chun u tin. y l chun WLAN u tin c chp nhn trn th trng, s dng tn s 2,4 GHz. Chun 802.11b s dng k thut iu ch kha m b (Complementary Code Keying - CCK) v dng k thut tri ph trc tip ging nh chun 802.11 nguyn bn. iu ny cho php thm 2 bit m ho k t.Vi li th v tn s (bng tn nghip d ISM 2,4GHz), cc hng sn xut s dng tn s ny gim chi ph sn xut.

1. IEEE 802.11b
u im Nhc im

Gi thp. -Tm ph sng tt . -Khng d b che khut.

-Bng tn d b nghn. -H thng d b nhiu bi cc h thng mng khc: l vi ba, cc loi in thoi hot ng tn s 2.4 GHz v cc mng BlueTooth. -Thiu kh nng kt ni gia cc thit b truyn ging ni. -Khng cung cp dch v QoS (Quality of Service) cho cc phng tin truyn thng.

1. IEEE 802.11b
Kt lun: Mc d c nhng nhc im v hn ch nhng chun 802.11b l chun thng dng nht hin nay bi s ph hp ca n trong cc mi trng s dng mng khng dy. -Chun 802.11b thch hp cho nhu cu gia nh.

2. IEEE 802.11a
802.11a h tr bng thng ln n 54 Mbps v s dng tn s v tuyn 5GHz. Vi tn s ny, cc tn hiu 802.11a cng kh xuyn qua cc vch tng v cc vt cn khc hn. Chun 802.11a s dng k thut tri ph theo phng php a phn chia tn s trc giao (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-OFDM). y c coi l k thut tri hn so vi tri ph trc tip (DSSS). Do chi ph cao hn, 802.11a thng ch c s dng trong cc mng doanh nghip.

2. IEEE 802.11a
u im Nhc im -Tc nhanh. -Gi thnh cao. -Trnh xuyn nhiu bi -Tm ph sng ngn cc thit b khc. hn . -D b che khut

3. IEEE 802.11g
IEEE cho ra i chun 802.11g nhm ci tin 801.11b v tc truyn cng nh bng thng. Nm 2002 v 2003, cc sn phm WLAN h tr chun mi hn c gi l 802.11g ni ln trn th trng. Thng 7/2003, IEEE ph chun 802.11g. Chun ny cng s dng phng thc iu ch OFDM tng t 802.11a nhng li dng tn s 2,4GHz ging vi chun 802.11b

3. IEEE 802.11g
S dng k thut tri ph OFDM c th cung cp cc dch v c tc ln ti 54Mbps. Trc y, FCC c cm s dng OFDM ti 2,4GHz. Nhng hin nay FCC cho php s dng OFDM ti c hai bng tn 2,4GHz v 5GHz. Tng thch vi cc h thng 802.11b tn ti trc. Do , 802.11g cng c h tr CCK v thit b 802.11g cng c th giao tip vi thit b 802.11b c sn

3. IEEE 802.11g
u im Nhc im

-tc nhanh, tm ph -gi cao hn 802.11b sng tt v khng d b -c th b nhiu bi cc thit b che khut. - tng thch vi 802.11b, tc truyn cao nh 802.11a

4. IEEE 802.11n
Do tnh tin dng v d trin khai, mng WLAN ngy cng thm nhp khp ni phc v nhu cu trao i thng tin v gii tr. p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao hn , nm 2007, IEEE hnh thnh nhm lm vic pht trin chun 802.11n. Phm vi lm vic ca nhm ny l nh ngha iu chnh lp vt l v lp MAC chuyn giao mt gi tr nh nht 100Mbps thng qua mt im truy nhp dch v MAC (SAP). Hin nay, IEEE 802.11n vn cn ang trong giai on th nghim nhng hu ht mi thit b trn th trng u c chun ny.

4. IEEE 802.11n
So vi cc chun trc, c t k thut ca 802.11n c nhiu ch ty chn, nhiu cu hnh c th cho ra sn phm c cc mc tc ti a khc nhau. ng vi mi ty chn, 802.11n c th h tr tc ln n 600Mbps, nhng phn cng WLAN khng nht thit phi p dng tt c cc ty chn. V d:nm 2006, hu ht thit b phn cng WLAN 802.11n 1.0 h tr tc 300Mbps. Theo c t k thut, chun 802.11n c tc l thuyt ln n 600Mbps (cao hn 10 ln chun 802.11g) v vng ph sng rng khong 250m (cao hn chun 802.11g gn 2 ln, 140m). iu ny gip vic s dng cc ng dng trong mi trng mng Wi-Fi c ci tin ng k, phc v tt cho nhu cu gii tr a phng tin, nhiu ngi dng c th xem phim cht lng cao, gi in thoi qua mng Internet (VoIP), ti tp tin dung lng ln ng thi... m cht lng dch v v tin cy vn lun t mc cao.

4. IEEE 802.11n

Logo chng nhn sn phm t chun 802.11n

4. IEEE 802.11n
Tnh nng ngha Trng thi

OFDM tt hn

H tr bng thng rng hn v tc m ha cao hn tng tc t ti a 65Mbps Ci tin hiu sut bng cch phn chia d liu thnh nhiu chui pht n nhiu anten
Khai thc s c mt ca nhiu anten ci tin tm ph sng v tin cy. Hnh thc ny c thc thi khi s lng anten u thu cao hn s lng anten u pht. Gii hn cng sut tiu th bt li ca MIMO bng cch ch s dng nhiu anten khi cn thit

Bt buc

a phn chia theo khng gian

Diversity

Ty chn n ti a 4 chui d liu

Ty chn n ti a 4 anten

MIMO tit kim nng lng

Quy nh

4. IEEE 802.11n
Tnh nng ngha Trng thi Ty chn Quy nh

Cc knh 40MHz
S kt hp

Tng tc gp i bng cch tng rng bng thng t 20MHz ln 40MHz

Ci tin hiu sut bng cch cho php nhiu gi d liu pht tng tc gia s truyn thng trn cao

Gim Inter-frame Spacing (RIFS)

Mt trong nhng c im chung trong thit Quy nh k draft-n l ci tin hiu sut. Thi gian tr trong vic pht OFDM ngn hn so vi 802.11a, 802.11g Ty chn hin thi

Ch Greenfield Ci tin hiu sut bng cch loi cc thit b 802.11a/b/g ra khi mng draft-n

4. IEEE 802.11n
Mt tn hiu Wifi mnh m c th bao trm ton b khu vc (home). Chia s mt kt ni Internet vo mt mng rng ca cc thit b. Rt nhiu bng thng chuyn i video nt cao v m thanh t thit b n thit b. Nhng tri nghim cho ngi s dng tt nht cho cc nhu cu gii tr a phng tin c th xem phim cht lng cao (HD, Full HD, Full HD 3D...) vi cc cuc m thoi (VoIP), tr chi Video (video game) v cc ng dng a phng tin khc. Sao lu cc tp tin ln mt cch nhanh chng. Kh nng tng thch ngc vi cc sn phm trc , chng hn, nu sn phm Wifi chun n s dng ng thi 2 tn s 2,4Ghz v 5Ghz th s tng thch vi cc sn phm ngc 802.11a/b/g.

IEEE 802.11n
u im -Tc nhanh nht -Vng ph sng tt nht. -Tr khng ln hn chng nhiu t cc tc ng ca mi trng. Nhc im -Gi thnh kh cao -S dng lung tn hiu c th gy nhiu vi cc thit b 802.11b/g k cn.

5. IEEE 802.11h
Chun ny c dng chu u, di tn 5.8 Ghz. N cung cp tnh nng s la chn knh ng v iu khin cng sut truyn dn TPC, nhm trnh can nhiu. chu u ngi ta ch yu s dng thng tin v tinh, nn phn ln cc quc gia y ch s dng Wireless LAN trong nh (Indoor). Chun ny ang giai on chun ha

6. IEEE 802.11i
y l tn ca nhm lm vic IEEE dnh cho chun ha bo mt mng WLAN. Bo mt chun IEEE 802.11i c mt khung lm vic c da vo RSN (C ch Bo mt tng cng).

6. IEEE 802.11i
1. C ch ring ca d liu - C ch ring ca d liu h tr hai s c xng: TKIP v AES. TKIP (S ton vn kha thi gian) l mt gii php ngn hn m nh ngha phn mm v cho WEP cung cp mt mc ring t d liu thch hp ti thiu. AES hoc AES - OCB (Advanced Encryption Standard and Offset Codebook) l mt s ring t d liu mnh m v l mt gii php thi hn lu hn. 2. Qun l lin kt bo mt. Qun l lin kt bo mt c nh a ch bi: - Cc th tc m phn RSN - S Chng thc chun IEEE 802.1x - Qun l kha chun IEEE 802.1x.

6. IEEE 802.11i
Cc chun ang c nh ngha cng tn ti mt cch t nhin cc mng pre - RSN m hin thi c trin khai. Chun ny khng kz vng s c thng qua cho n khi kt thc nm 2003.

VI. Tim nng pht trin IEEE 802.11

Cc chun Nm ph chun Tc ti a Khong cch ti a K thut iu ch 802.11a Thng 7/1999 802.11b Thng 7/1999 802.11g Thng 6/2003 802.11n Thng 9/2009

54 Mpbs
100m OFDM

11 Mpbs
100m DSSS hay CCk 2.4 GHz

54 Mpbs
100m DSSS hay CCK hay OFDM 2.4 GHz

300 Mpbs
150m DSSS hay CCK hay OFDM 2.4 GHz hay 5 GHz 1,2,3 hay 4 20 MHz hay 40 MHz

Di tn s 5 GHz trung tn (RF) Chui d liu 1 rng bng thng 20 MHz

1
20 MHz

1
20 MHz

VI. Tim nng pht trin IEEE 802.11

Cng ngh Mng Chun

UWB (Ultra WPAN wideband) Bluetooth Wi- Max Wi-Fi WPAN WMAN WLAN

802.15.3a 802.15.1 802.16 802.11a

Vng Tc ph sng 110-480 Trn 30 Mbps feet Trn 720 Trn 30 Kbps feet Rng Trn Mbps

Bng tn

7.5 GHz 2.4 GHz T 266GHz

54 Trn 300 5 GHz feet

-802.11 ra i l nh du mc pht trin khng ngng ngh ca mng khng dy. -Cng ngy, n cng c s nh hng ln n cuc sng v sinh hot ca con ngi