Kyle Badstuebner

March 1, 2013
AP Statistics
Minitab 5
1a. Binomial with n = 10 and p = 0.5
x P( X = x )
0 0.000977
1 0.009766
2 0.043945
3 0.117188
4 0.205078
5 0.246094
6 0.205078
7 0.117188
8 0.043945
9 0.009766
10 0.000977
b. C1 Count Percent
1 1 .005
2 9 .045
3 14 .070
4 51 .255
5 59 .295
6 35 .175
7 18 .090
8 10 .050
9 2 .010
10 1 .005
N= 200
X
Theoretical Probability
0
.001
1
.010
2
.044
3
.117
4
.205
5
.246
6
.205
7
.117
8
.044
9
.010
10
.001

Experimental Probability
0
.005
.045
.070
.255
.295
.175
.090
.050
.010
.005

Difference
.001
.005
.001
.047
.050
.049
.030
.027
.006
0
.004

On average, the values for the experimental probabilities are similar to the values for the theoretical
probabilities. The probabilities were closest when x = 9, because they were the same. The biggest
difference was when x = 4, which had a difference of 0.050. In order to improve these estimates, you
could use more trials which make it more reliable.
2a. P (x = 13) = 0.129646
2b. P (x 15) = 0.921159
2c. P (x15) = 1-.921159 = .078841
3a. p = .49 n = 100
P (x< 35) = P (x34) = 0.0017264
3b. P (40x60) = 1 P(x 40) = 0.0441607 x 0.989442 = .989442 - .0441607 = .9452813
3c. P (x 55) = 1-P (x54) = 1-0.864391 = .135609
4a. p = .18, .47, .88 n = 10
Binomial with n = 10 and p = 0.18
x P( X = x )
0 0.137448
1 0.301715
2 0.298036
3 0.174460
4 0.067018
5 0.017654
6 0.003229
7 0.000405
8 0.000033
9 0.000002
10 0.000000
11 0.000000

Bar Graph of p = .18

0.30
0.25

P(x)

0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00

8
X

Kyle Badstuebner
Period B

10

11

12

13

14

15

Binomial with n = 10 and p = 0.47

x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

P( X = x )
0.001749
0.015509
0.061889
0.146354
0.227126
0.241696
0.178612
0.090509
0.030099
0.005931
0.000526
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000

Bar Graph of p = .47

0.25

0.20

P(x)

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00

8
X

Kyle Badstuebner
Period B

10

11

12

13

14

15

Binomial with n = 10 and p = 0.88

x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

P( X = x )
0.000000
0.000000
0.000001
0.000029
0.000376
0.003309
0.020223
0.084743
0.233043
0.379774
0.278501
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000

Bar Graph of p = .88

0.4

P(x)

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

10

11

X
Kyle Badstuebner
Period B

4b. For small values of p, the binomial distribution is skewed to the right
For large values of p, the binomial distribution is skewed to the left
For values of p near .5 the binomial distribution is nearly symmetric

12

13

14

15

5a. p = .24 n = 5, 20
Binomial with n = 5 and p = 0.24
x
0
1
2
3
4
5

P( X = x )
0.253553
0.400346
0.252850
0.079847
0.012607
0.000796

Bar Graph of n = 5
0.4

P(x)

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0

3
X

Kyle Badstuebner
Period B

The graph with n = 5 is skewed to the right.

Binomial with n = 20 and p = 0.24

x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

P( X = x )
0.004133
0.026104
0.078311
0.148378
0.199139
0.201235
0.158870
0.100339
0.051490
0.021680
0.007531
0.002162
0.000512
0.000100
0.000016
0.000002
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000
0.000000

Bar Graph of n = 20
0.20

P(x)

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
X

Kyle Badstuebner
Period B

The graph with n = 20 is relatively symmetrical.

5c. As n increases, the probability distribution becomes more symmetrical in shape.

6a. p = .2 n = 60
Yes this meets the criteria for a binomial experiment. There is a set number of trials, there is a
probability of success p and probability of failure q, and p + q = 1.
6b. P (x2) = 0.00019
6c. My answer in part B says theres a .00019 chance that the senate will have 2 or less minority
members. Therefore I would be surprised if the senate only had two minority members because the
chance of there being two minority members is less than .00019.
The minority caucus is reasonable in the complaint of under representation because there should be 12
out of 60 members in the senate at the university.
6d. I would expect for there to be 12 minority students because E(x) = .2(60) = 12.
6e. Square root of (60) (.2) (.8) = 3.1
6f. Yes they could make a case for racial bias because since 68% of the data is contained within one
standard deviation, the chance of having 9 minority senate members has a 16% chance of occurring if
the members are chosen randomly.