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Syt
-σ1 +σ1
o Syt
Syc
Syc
-σ2
τ max
σ
σ2= σ3
o =0
σ1 -σ2 o σ3 =0
+σ1 σ
τ max
+σ1
-σ1 Syc o Syt
τ
τ
o σ
-σ2 σ1
X
τ
τ
Element subjected to pure shear stresses τ
Mohr’s circle for pure shear stresses
From the figure, σ1 = -σ2 = τ and σ3=0
Substituting the values in the equation
S yt
FOS
(
= σ1 + σ 2 − σ1 σ 2
2 2
)
We get
S yt = 3τ
Replacing τ by Ssy , we get
S yt
S sy = = 0.577 S yt
3
In the biaxial stress case, principal stress σ 1, σ 2 are
calculated based on σ x ,σ y & τ xy which in turn are
used to determine whether the left hand side is more
than right hand side, which indicates failure of the
component.
Case 2 (Second quadrant)
σ1 is -ve and σ2 is +ve and equal Case 1 (First quadrant)
to σ, then
S yt
FOS
= (σ 1
2 2
+ σ 2 − σ1 σ 2 ) +σ2
σ1 and σ2 are +ve and equal
to σ, then
S yt
FOS
= (σ 1
2
+ σ2
2
+σ σ )
1 2
Syt
S yt
(
= σ1 + σ 2 − σ1 σ 2
2 2
)
S yt FOS
= 3σ 2 = 3σ S yt
FOS σ=
S yt FOS
σ = 0.577
FOS
Syc o Syt +σ1
-σ1
Case 4 (Fourth quadrant)
Case 3 (Third quadrant)
σ1 is +ve and σ2 is -ve and equal
σ1 is -ve and σ2 is +ve and equal toSσ, then
to σ, then
Syc
yt
= (σ 2 2
+ σ 2 − σ1 σ 2 )
( )
1
S yt FOS
(σ +σ σ )
2 2
= σ1 + σ 2 − σ1 σ 2 S yt 2 2
FOS -σ2 = 1 + σ2 1 2
S yt FOS
σ= S yt
FOS = 3σ 2 = 3σ
FOS
S yt
σ = 0.577
FOS
Boundary for distortion – energy theory under bi – axial stresses
MPa
MPa
MPa
4. Max. Strain energy theory (Heigh’s Thoery):
σ1 σ 2 Syt
E max = − =
E mE FOS× E
A 0.7854d 2 d2
A 0.7854d 2
According to maximum principal stress theory
• Maximum principal stress,
2
σ σ
σ1 = x + x + τ 2xy
2 2
2
σx + σ y σx − σ y
σ1 = + + τ 2xy
2 2
d2
• According to maximum principal stress
theory, Syt = σ1
15365
100 = 2
⇒ d = 12.4mm
d
According to maximum shear stress theory
• Maximum shear stress,
2
σx − σ y
τ max = + τ 2xy
2
2
σx
τ max = + τ 2xy
2
12.73 2 6.365 2 9 9000
= 2 + 2 = 2 kN / mm = 2 N / mm 2
2
d d d d
• According to maximum shear stress,
S yt
9000 100
τ max = ⇒ 2 =
2 d 2
d = 13.42mm
According to maximum principal strain theory
• The maximum principal stress,
2
σx + σ y σx − σ y
σ1 = + + τ 2xy
2 2
2
σ σ 15365
σ1 = x + x + τ 2xy =
2 2 d2
• And minimum principal stress,
2
σx + σ y σx − σ y
σ 2 = − + τ 2xy
2 2
2 2 2
σx σx 12.73 12.73 6.365
σ 2 = − + τ xy = 2 −
2
2
+ 2
2 2 d 2d d
− 2635
σ2 = N / mm 2
d2
• And according to maximum principal strain theory,
σ1 σ 2 Syt
− =
E mE E
σ2 15365 2635 × 0.3
σ1 − = Syt ⇒ 2
+ 2
= 100
m d d
d = 12.7mm
• According to maximum strain energy theory
2 2 2σ1 σ 2 2
σ1 + σ 2 − = S yt
m
2 2
15365 − 2635 15365 − 2635
d 2 + d 2 − 2 × d 2 × d 2 × 0.3 = 100
2
• According todmaximum
= 12.78mm distortion theory
S yt = (σ
1
2 2
+ σ 2 − σ1 σ 2 )
15365 2 − 2635 2 15365 − 2635
100 = 2 + − ×
d d 2
d 2
d 2
d = 13.4mm