Fundamentals of Hydraulic Systems

Thai-German Institute
INTRODUCTION
Fundamental of Hydraulics Control System
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INTRODUCTION
QUESTION:
What is the hydraulic system?
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INTRODUCTION
Output = F x v (Mechanical Power)
DCV. Output Output = Q x p (Hydraulic Power)

Elec. Motor =
Tx
Input Hyd. Pump
=Tx
Mechanical Power Input = I x E (Electric Power)
Hyd. Pump
Elec. Motor
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Output = Torque and Rotation( Mechanical Power)

Crankshaft Electric power
Electric Motor
Pinion and Bevel Gear
Mechanical Power Transmission

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Electric power
Output = Torque and Rotation( Mechanical Power) Hydraulic Pump
Electric Motor
Hydraulic Hose
Hydraulic Motor
Hydraulic Power Transmission

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QUESTION:
What is the hydraulic system?

ANSWER
A hydraulic system is a means of using a pressurised fluid to transmit power between the place where the power is generated.
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Advantages of Hydraulic System

1. Small Packages
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Hydraulic component can provide high power output with very small weight and size.
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1. Small Packages 2.Reversible
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1. In this position of the direction valve 2. Pump delivery is directed to the cap end of the cylinder. 3. The piston rod extends.
4. Exhaust oil is pushed out of the rod end directed to the tank.
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5. In another position, oil is directed to the rod end of the cylinder.
6. the piston rod retracts.
7. Exhaust oil from the cap end is direct to tank.
A hydraulic actuator can be reversed instantly while in full motion without damage.
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1. Small Packages 2. Reversible 3. Variable Speed
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2. and this volume is 10 gallon 3. the piston will move this far in one minute.
1. If the pump constantly delivers 10 gallons per minute (gpm)..
Maximum Speed
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5. but a valve restricts the flow
4. If the pump delivers 10 gpm.
7. Excess 5 gal. is divert over pressure control valve.
6. the actuator receives only 5 gallons and travels only half as far in one minute.
Reduce Speed
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4. Can be stalled
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Stalling an electric motor will cause damage or blow a fuse.
During stall the relief valve simply diverts delivery from the pump to the tank.
A hydraulic actuator can be stall without damage when overloaded and will start up immediately when the load is reduce.
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4. Can be stalled
5. Overload Protection
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When the load exceed the valve setting, pump delively is directed to tank.
The pressure relief valve in hydraulic system protects it from overload damage.
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Disadvantages of Hydraulic System

1. Pressure and flow losses in pipe and control devices (fluid friction).
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Fluid friction varies with:
Fluid velocity
Surface roughness
Changes in direction
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1. Pressure and flow losses in pipe and control devices (fluid friction). 2. Fluid viscosity sensitive to temperature.
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Too high, or too low a viscosity could present problems of performance, leakage,energy usage, etc.
The viscosity of all fluid used in hydraulic system is affected by variations in temperature.
Excessive heat in a system can cause a loss of viscosity.
Arctic condition will cause an increase in viscosity.
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1. Pressure and flow losses in pipe and control devices (fluid friction). 2. Fluid viscosity sensitive to temperature. 3. Leakage problems.
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1. Pressure and flow losses in pipe and control devices (fluid friction). 2. Fluid viscosity sensitive to temperature. 3. Leakage problems.
4. Fire or explosive hazard if leak or rupture
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Application of Hydraulic Systems

Hydraulic system can be classified into two types.
1. Stationary Hydraulic
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Plastic injection molding machine
Example of Stationary Hydraulic.

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Application of Hydraulic Systems

Hydraulic system can be classified into two types.
1. Stationary Hydraulic 2. Mobile Hydraulic
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Skid Steer Loader
Example of Mobile Hydraulic.

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Fundamentals of Hydraulic Systems

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Thai-German Institute

Fundamental of Hydraulics Control System

What is the hydraulic system?

DCV. Output Output = Q x p (Hydraulic Power)

Input Hyd. Pump

Mechanical Power Input = I x E (Electric Power)

Output = Torque and Rotation( Mechanical Power)

Pinion and Bevel Gear

Mechanical Power Transmission

Output = Torque and Rotation( Mechanical Power) Hydraulic Pump

Hydraulic Power Transmission

What is the hydraulic system?

Advantages of Hydraulic System

Advantages of Hydraulic System

7. Exhaust oil from the cap end is direct to tank.

Advantages of Hydraulic System

1. If the pump constantly delivers 10 gallons per minute (gpm)..

4. If the pump delivers 10 gpm.

7. Excess 5 gal. is divert over pressure control valve.

Advantages of Hydraulic System

Advantages of Hydraulic System

Disadvantages of Hydraulic System

Fluid friction varies with:

Disadvantages of Hydraulic System

Excessive heat in a system can cause a loss of viscosity.

Arctic condition will cause an increase in viscosity.

Disadvantages of Hydraulic System

Disadvantages of Hydraulic System

4. Fire or explosive hazard if leak or rupture

Application of Hydraulic Systems

Plastic injection molding machine

Example of Stationary Hydraulic.

Application of Hydraulic Systems

Example of Mobile Hydraulic.

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