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District Project Office Sarva Shiksha Mission, Malda


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Wish Grand Success to 25th Malda District Book Fair & Exhibition 2014

ENGLISH BAZAR REGULATED MARKET COMMITTEE


P.o Mokdumpur, P.s. English Bazar, Dist. Malda.
As organization constituted under the West Bengal
Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act. 1972 and offering best effort for
better Marketing system of Agricultural produce in the Malda District.

Sharad K. Dwivedi (I.A.S)


District Magistrate,
Malda & Authorise person
English Bazar Regulated
Market Committee, Malda

ENGLISHBAZER REGULATED MARKET

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a
The delicate muslin of
Dacca and silks of Malda Consti
tuted the chief part of dress of the
imperial court, whether male or
female and the tness of its tex
ture was such as can not now be
limited. c

U g
/ Eastern India
 S /
At Malda and its vicinity there
were about one hundred and
twenty house of weavers who
made this Muslin (malmal) and

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turbans and were the only per


sons in the district who weave
these kinds of cloths. We are in
formed that they had from one to
seven looms in each house and
the total member of looms was
about 360.


360

a T

S /
1825
a

&
}

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1807-8 East India
Company- Proceedings Board of
India, 31 July 1807 Prog No. 57
B  a
5000 1200 
, 2 
, 3000
, j 41,377 ,
6212 ,
S 120
/

/

/ Pro
ceedings, Board of Trade- 29
1827
/ The condition of the

vories Mr. Grant wrote that the


weavers ware not at all adversely
threatned of the discontinuation
of the English Companys trade
there. The problem of an alterna
tive employment was not a prob
lem at all for the weavers of
Malda, the cause for it was the
custom which was prevalent
there. Mr. Grant stated that no ob
jection on the score of caste was

raised there to rearing of silk


worms by the weavers. They also
easily resorted to them mechani
cal or agricultural pursuits in large
numbers. More over, a section of
the weavers kept themselves en
gaged in weaving cotton and silk
goods which were still in demand
in the markets in India.

1813
/
a
/ 1
`
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2
Z iM /
h
,

weavers of Malda seems to have g
been much dierent from the con /
dition of the weavers of these fa `

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9

K. K. Dutta(Ed). Fort WilliamIndia House Correspondence VolI, 17481756 National Archaives.


S. Bhattacharya The East India Company and the History of Bengal.
B. D. Basu The Ruins of Indian Industries.
R. C. Dutta the Economic History of India under the Early British Rule.
Debendra Bijay Moitra The Cotton Weavers of Bengal
A Statistical account of Bengal (Maldah) W. W. Hunter
G. E. Lamboume Bengal Districts Gazetters Malda.
Cencus 1961, Malda B. Roy.

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Wish a Grand Success of


25th Malda District Book Fair & Exhibition 2014

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Chandipur, Kazigram, Malda
Secretary
PROSANTA KUMAR MANDAL
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