DRILLING MACHINE

LECTURE PREPARED BY Prof.r.c.panda

Drilling Machines
Probably first mechanical device developed Principle of rotating tool to make hole One of most common and useful machines in industry Come in several types and sizes
From hand-fed to computer-controlled

38-2

DRILLING MACHINE

Use:- Drilling machine is used to drill blind and through holes in work pieces. Bench Drilling Machine:- The simplest type of sensitive drilling machine is shown in figure. This is used for light duty drilling work. This machine is capable to drill hole up to 12.5mm diameter.

Motor

Bench Drilling Machine

1. Motor:- An electric motor supplies the required driving force to stepped pulley.

Feed Handle

2. Column:- Column is the main cylindrical part of drill machine on which the other components are mounted. 3. Feed handle:- Handle is provided to feed the drill in to the work piece. A rake and pinion mechanism is provided to drive the chuck.

Column Base

4. Base:- Base is the bottom part of machine in which the column is fitted upright.

Belt Guard

5. Work Table:- Work pieces are mounted and held in position by the table. This table can be tilted for drilling at an angle. 6. Chuck:- Chuck is provided to hold the drill of different sizes up to 6.5 mm. Drill size of more than 6.5 mm are to be fitted directly in the Morse taper of spindle. 7. Belt guard:- Belt guard is provided to cover the belt and pulley drive mechanism to minimize the hazard of accident.

Chuck

Work Table

Pillar Drilling Machine:- This is an enlarged version of the bench drilling machine. These drilling machines are mounted on the floor and driven by more powerful electric motors. They are used for heavy duty work.

Hand drilling machine

Sensitive drilling machine

Sensitive type

Upright pillar drilling machine

Radial drilling machine

Drill spindle assembly

Upright drilling machine parts

Drilling machine mechanism

Work holding device of drilling machine

T-bolt,goose neck clamp,u -clamp

Finger clamp,adjustable step clamp,plain vice

Universal vice,step block,v-block

Angle plate & drill jig

Tool holding device

Drill Chucks
Most common devices used for holding straight-shank cutting tools Most contain three jaws that move simultaneously when outer sleeve turned
Hold straight shank of cutting tool securely

Two common types

Key Keyless
39-29

Chucks
Hold straight-shank drills Mounted on drill press spindle
Taper Threads

Held in spindle by self-holding taper in larger machines Four types of drill chucks
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 39-30 required for reproduction or display. Permission

Types of Drill Chucks

Key-type
Most common Three jaws move simultaneously when outer sleeve turned
Tighten with key

Keyless
Chuck loosened or tightened by hand without key

Precision keyless
Holds smaller drills accurately
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 39-31 required for reproduction or display. Permission

Types of Drill Chucks

Jacobs impact keyless chuck
Hold small or large drills accurately using Rubber-Flex collets Gripped or released quickly and easily by means of built-in impact device in chuck
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 39-32 required for reproduction or display. Permission

Drill Sleeves and Sockets

Drill Sleeves
Used to adapt cutting tool shank to machine spindle if taper on tool is smaller than tapered hole in spindle

Drill Socket
Used when hole in spindle of drill press to small for taper shank of drill Used also as extension sockets
39-33 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Copyright Permission required for reproduction or display.

Drill Drift
Used to remove tapered-shank drills or accessories from drill press spindle Always place rounded edge up so this edge will bear against round slot in spindle Use hammer to tap drill drift and loosen tapered drill shank Use board or piece of masonite to protect table
39-34

Drill sleeve & drill socket

Quick changer chulk

Floating holder

Tapping attachment

Type of operation

Counter boring and spot facing

Standard Operations
Drilling
Operation of producing hole by removing metal from solid mass using twist drill

Countersinking
Operation of producing tapered or cone-shaped enlargement to end of hole
38-42 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Copyright Permission required for reproduction or display.

Standard Operations
Reaming
Operation of sizing and producing smooth, round hole from previously drilled or bored hole

Boring
Truing and enlarging hole by means of single-point cutting tool
38-43 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Copyright Permission required for reproduction or display.

Standard Operations
Tapping
Cutting internal threads in hole with cutting tool called tap

Counterboring
Enlarging top of previously drilled hole to given depth to provide square shoulder for head of bolt or capscrew
38-44 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Copyright Permission required for reproduction or display.

Standard Operations
Spot Facing Smoothing and squaring surface around hole to provide seat for head of cap screw or nut
Boring bar fitted with double-edged cutting tool
Pilot section on end to fit into existing hole
38-45 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Copyright Permission required for reproduction or display.

Objectives
Counterbore and countersink holes
Select and use the proper tap to thread a hole in a drill press Use three methods to transfer hole locations

44-46

Counterboring
Operation of enlarging end of hole that has been drilled previously
Depth slightly greater than head of bolt, cap screw or pin it is to accommodate

Supplied in variety of styles

Each have pilot in end to keep tool in line with hole
Some interchangeable pilots to suit variety of holes
44-47

Procedure to Counterbore a Hole

1. Set up and fasten work securely 2. Drill proper size of hole in workpiece to suit body of pin or screw 3. Mount correct size of counterbore in drill press 4. Set drill press speed to approximately onequarter that used for drilling 5. Bring counterbore close to work to see that the pilot turns freely in drilled hole 6. Start machine, apply cutting fluid and counterbore
44-48

Countersinking
Process of enlarging top end of hole to shape of cone to accommodate conicalshaped heads of fasteners
Head will be flush with or below surface

Countersinks available with various included angles

60, 82, 90, 100, 110, and 120
44-49

Countersinking
82 countersink used to enlarge top of hole so it will accommodate a flat-head machine screw Holes to be threaded countersunk slightly larger than tap diameter Speed is approximately 1/4th of drilling speed
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 44-50 required for reproduction or display. Permission

Tapping
Performed by hand or under power with tapping attachment Done immediately after drilling operation Hand taps
In sets containing taper, plug, bottoming tap

Machine taps
Designed to withstand torque required to thread hole and clear chips
44-51

Set of Hand Taps

Taper

Plug

Bottoming
44-52 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Copyright Permission required for reproduction or display.

Types of Machine Taps

Gun Stub-flute

Spiral-flute
44-53 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Copyright Permission required for reproduction or display.

Procedure to Tap a Hole by Hand in a Drill Press

1. Mount work on parallels with centerpunch mark on work in line with spindle and clamp work securely to drill press table 2. Adjust drill press table height so drill may be removed after hole has been drilled without moving table or work 3. Center drill hole location
44-54

Tapping Attachment
Mounted in a drill press spindle to rotate tap by power
Built-in friction clutch that drives tap clockwise when drill press spindle fed downward Reversing mechanism to back tap out of hole

Two- , three-fluted machine or gun taps used for power

Ability to clear chips

Tapping speed ranges from 60 100 r/min

44-55

Countersunk tool

Trepanning tool

Drilling thread master

Drilling is the process of cutting holes in metals by using a drilling machine

Drills are the tools used to cut away fine shavings of material as the drill advances in a rotational motion through the material

Twist Drills

The twist drill is made from High Speed Steel, tempered to give maximum hardness throughout the parallel cutting portion.
Flutes are incorporated to carry away the chips of metal and the outside surface is relieved to produce a cutting edge along the leading side of each flute.

Drill Features
The point of the drill is ground to an angle of 59 degrees to the centre line to give two equal cutting edges, and each side is ground back to give " relief " of about 12 degrees to each cutting edge.

Drill Features

It is very important that drill points are central and that the lip angles are equal
.and that the cutting edges are unchipped and the clearance angle correct.

Whetting (sharpening) of Drill

To achieve accuracy of drilling, the drill bit must be sharp. The bigger drills can be whetted (sharpened) using a bench grinder.

Drill Operating Parameters

It is essential to select the correct cutting speed and the feed speed.
Refer to drill tables for correct drill bit RPM and feed speed.

Special Type of Drill

Counterbore Drill Used to form a flat, or cylindrical recess to accommodate the head of the bolt. It is also used to provide a level base on the rough surfaces for nuts and washers.

Special Type of Drill

Countersink Drill Used to form a conical shaped recess to enable a countersunk screw or bolt to fit flush with the surface of the work.

How to Use a Drill

Various drill bits from less than 1 mm diameter to more than 40 mm diameter are available. However, the chuck of the general drilling machines can use only shaft sizes of less than 13 mm diameter (up to ).

How to Use a Drill

However, for larger drills and milling machines, drill bits are designed with a "Morse" taper.

How to Use a Drill

1. 2.
3.

4. 5. 6.

Twist drill must be clamped in the drill chuck tightly The workpiece to be drilled must be firmly secured by vice, or clamps. Use the correct drilling speed and apply suitable drilling force It is advisable to release the drill occasionally, lift the drill, and clear the hole of cutting. Apply cutting fluid in the cutting except for drilling Cast iron. Take care, when the drill is nearly penetrated through the workpiece. The "screw in" action can lift up the workpiece.

Safety First
Always wear safety glasses!

Do not wear gloves while drilling

DO NOT wear gloves, jewelry, neckties, or loose clothing when operating the drill press

Drill material
The two most common types are 1. HSS drill - Low cost 2. Carbide- tipped drills - high production and in CNC machines Other types are Solid Carbide drill, TiN coated drills, carbide coated masonry drills, parabolic drills, split point drill

Safety
Do not support the work piece by hand use work holding device. Use brush to clean the chip No adjustments while the machine is operating Ensure for the cutting tools running straight before starting the operation. Never place tools on the drilling table Avoid loose clothing and protect the eyes. Ease the feed if drill breaks inside the work piece.

QUESTIONS
What are the types of Drilling machine ? What are the pare of Bency type drilling machine?

CONCLUSION
Thus, we get the knowledge of Drilling machine.