RHYTHM

NATURE ENGLISH & SPANISH RHYTHM

RHYTHM- DEFINITION
IT IS THE PERCEIVED REGULARITY

OF PROMINENT UNITS IN TERMS OF PATTERNS OF SYLLABLE STRESSQUANTITY-QUALITY-OR PITCH OR SOME COMBINATION OF THESE VARIABLES CO-EXISTING WITH TEMPO AND PAUSE.

RHYTHM
STRESS- TIMED THEORY:

THE TIME FROM EACH STRESSED SYLLABLE TO THE NEXT WILL TEND TO BE THE SAME- IRRESPECTIVE OF THE NUMBER OF INTERVENING UNSTRESSED SYLLABLES-

RHYTHM
SYLLABLE-TIMED THEORY

ALL SYLLABLES WHETHER STRESSED OR UNSTRESSED TEND TO OCCUR AT REGULAR TIME INTERVALS-

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THE RHYTHM OF SPEECH:

MUSCULAR TWO SERIES OF MUSCLES:

CHEST

PULSES- SYLLABLE PRODUCING PROCESS ABDOMINAL PULSES- STRESS PRODUCING PROCESS

SPEECH RHYTHM IS BASED ON THE PERIODICITY OF ONE OF THESE TWO PULSES.

RHYTHM: UNITS
FOOT
IT INCLUDES A STRESSED

RHYTHMIC GROUP
THE UTTERANCE IS

SYLLABLE AND WHATEVER FOLLOWS IT UP TO BUT NOT INCLUDING THE NEXT STRESS.
THE LENGTH OF AN

DELIVERED AS A SERIES OF CLOSELY KNIT RHYTHMIC GROUP.

IT CORRELATES WITH

UTTERANCE DEPENDS NOT UPON THE NUMBER OF SYLLABLES BUT UPON THE NUMBER OF FEET IT CONTAINS.

SEMANTIC AND GRAMMATICAL WORD CLUSTERS.

RHYTHMIC UNITS- EXAMPLES

FOOT RHYTHMIC GROUP

//My "neighbour "went to

// My "neighbor " went

"London in "April.//

to " London

in "April //

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TYPES OF RHYTHMIC UNITS:

MONOBEATS: A SUCCESSION OF STRESSED SYLLABLES- THERE ARE NO REDUCED SYLLABLES. TROCHEES: BEAT DETERMINED BY THE ALTERNATION OF FULL AND REDUCED SYLLABLES.- POETRY DACTYLS- REGULAR SYLLABIC RHYTHMTHEY ARE A SUCCESSION OF A STRESSED SYLLABLE AND TWO REDUCED SYLLABLES.

RHYTHM: TYPES OF RHYTHMIC UNITSEXAMPLES

Monobeats: // " Ann " came " out //

Trochees:

// " Peter " went to " Paris//

Dactyls: // " Mary and " Peter a " rrived at

the " cinema //

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PAUSE

ESSENTIAL CONSTITUENT OF RHYTHMICALITY IN ENGLISH

LINGUISTIC POINT OF VIEW: PAUSES ARE USED:

TO PRESERVE THE RHYTHMIC IMPULSE ESTABLISHED BY STRESS AND TO DELIMIT SENSE GROUPS.

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TEMPO THE AVERAGE SPEED OF DELIVERY OF ANY UTTERANCE IT VARIES CONSTANTLY:
WHEN

TWO STRONG STRESSES OCCUR TOGETHER- SPEED SLOWS DOWN THEY ARE SEPARATED BY WEAKLY STRESSED SYLLABLES- SPEED IS FASTER.

WHEN

RHYTHM: TEMPO
Examples:
// Im afraid its

//

Im afraid there was

// Im afraid there may be // Im afraid

there may have been

an accident// an accident// an accident// an accident//

RHYTHM
PRINCIPLES: ORGANISATION OF WORDS INTO APPROPRIATE RHYTHMIC GROUPS SEPARATED BY PAUSES.

CORRECT STRESS PLACEMENT. WEAKENING OF UNSTRESSED SYLLABLES. APPROPRIATE USE OF SIGNALLING TRANSITION- SIMPLIFICATIONS. BASIC INTONATION PATTERNS.