'

S&

'

-
-

&

'

......
1:
1.1:

1.1: -
:

1.1

1- 2-

1.2

1.3

1- 2- 3-

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

,
,

.
,
,

.

1.10

1.11

1.12

1.13

1.14

1.15

Maxwell-Boltzmann .

, ""

.
,
.
w u 2 =

, ' , ,
,
.

-
1.16

1.17

1.18

. )

/?2=1,2atm

. : = - V2=0,18m3

F=48m 3
: n -

pV
RT

=1950mol

1.19

: = 2
nRT

1.20
1.21

1.22

p,V,

=0,2N/m

p7V7

/; 2 =8atm

pV
= , = =3,182 108
RT
p = l , l K g / m 3

1.23

=RT

1.24

*(273 + 0)


1.1
1.25

/?2=3atm

/(273 R)

= RT

Af=2x 10"3Kg/mol
. 1.1

1.26

VA=22,4L, pA=latm,
=273
>: =, =2,
VB=11.2L
>: =, VB=3VA

LL

3V

FLL

pAVA=(2pA)VB

TR=S\9K

F r =33,6L

p(atm)

= 2atm =819
p(atm)

V(L)

-\

819
273
< rt
* <

()

so V(L)
cf
. 1.2

,()

1.27

1.28

y 4m

(,)= 1368m/s, u EN(H20) =644,8m/s

3 + 5 + 3x8 + 2x12 + 16 + 20 . . .
.
) =
= 1 0,2mis
) = ,

.29

3 RT
3 RT
= J

, = J
EN

32 + 5 2 + 3 8 2 + 2 1 2 2 +16 2 + 2 0 2

3 R T

...
.
= 11,4 m/s

3 R T
mo
//
= J = n12028m

1.30

-^

TV

J/

RT
1.31

=400

RT

Ah

Ah

h =3 6cm

W
1.32

..~Patm'~atm^

h -h=9cm

1 ;2. 1 0

/ 1

~ -^

-- =

F-0,016m 3
V'-V=0,006m 3
1.33

mol
2 =273. :

= 21 =

RTX

=0,66atm

RT2
M

1.34

H, RT

p , = p 2

MHl
m

H, Mo L

m()

V\

RT

Mq2 V2

Al,
= =
,
V2 A l2

mH1

2
1.35

= = 4

12

() 2

mol ,
, + 2 = ,' + 2
PapxV\

RT

, .2

RT

: V\

RT;

P ;K

TC

RT2

= 1,26atm

1.36

() ~ + (1)

() =

(2)

paVa=PpVp

ha=pfiA hp paha=pphp (3)

w
w

(3) (1) (2), (+ )ha =(_)hR

=20,26.

- -
2.1

. .

2.2

2.3

2.4

,
.
,
. ,
.

-
2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

,

1) ;
2) .

2.10

2.11

1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-

2.12

.

.

.

2.13

V, V 2
,

(
).

(2).

2.14

1. TI>TI AUAB>0
2. /<0
3.

V, 2
. 2.1

=Tr=Tj

AUAr=0
2.15
2.16

2.2 (1)
(2)
.

V.

"' ^ " ^
2.17

V.

. 2.2

,
.
Qi =W, Q2 = W2

11


V p-V.
W2 > Wj Q2>Qi2.18

)
V.
1
)
,
) 1
,
1
.

2.19

, , ,

2.20

mol
. ,

.

: C =CV + R

2.21

, ,

2.22

2.23

mol
.

mol
.

12

.
. QP>Qv.
2.24

.
.


-
- .

.

-
2.25

2.26

.
.

2.27

2.28

, , ,

2.29

.
.

.

2.30

.
( ).



( ).
.

2.31

2.32

Carmot

13

. Carnot
.

2.33

, ,

2.34

-, -, -

2.35

2.36

.
. .
( - ) .

2.37

: ASab = nR In >- 0 .

VA
: 5 = 0
: 5 = 0
5"|

5 + ASgj- + AS r A = 0

5 -< 0

2.38

1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-

2.39

:
:
:
:

. 2.3

14


-
2.40

.
W=p(V2-V,)=243,1J

2.41

W=pA V-nRA = 1663J

2.42

W=nRT\n

-nRTIn
2

W -nRTln2= -3458J
2.4.5

2.44
2.45

V, ?F=4600J

Q=W=nRTIn=piViln2=102,\i
\
.
) W=p, V=nRAT=^L(T1

) AU~Q-W=506,5J

2.46

.
Q-W
^

2.47

- ,) =202,6J

= nRT l n - ^ - = -nRT In 2 = - 3 4 5 , 8 J
V

Q-W To
p-V. W=\ 500J.

2.48

. 3
3
QnC^T= nRAT ApV = 1320J

2.49

: Q-nCpAT
R=~.
= -R + R
= iR
2
2

Cp=Cy+R

(1) (2)

2.50

AU = nCvAT

(1)

(1)

(2)

Q-^nRAT

Q = nCpAT

(1)
/
Cv
,
AU

=
Q
C.
Q

-^pAV

= 506,5 J

(2)

(2)
1

AU = 29,64 J

- Carnot
2.51

e=

300MW

= 0,333 33,3%

900MW

2.52

W
e
Qh

10 = -IV
2.53

Qh=800J

=600 J

, ,
Carmot
.
e = 1*- = 0,87

',

2.54

e = \^ = 0,4

Qh = wiB = nRTh I n = 14406 J

VA

16

W = eQh = 5762 J


2.55

,

.

p(atm)

:
^

II

0,8

=160"

= 400"

4L
4L
10L

2atm
0,8atm
0,8atm

V(L)

. 2.4

10

400
160
400

ASAR = AS*""*

=
. PAVA in 2 , 5 = 1 , 8 6 J IK
AS
=nR In

V
1

2.56

ASAB=nR\n-?-

V,

= l,&3J/K

ASr

AS = 0 ,
5 + 5 + ASrA = 0 5 = - 5 = - 1 , 8 3 J /

17


2.57

2.58

)
(1)

(2)

(3) ,
) .


.

.
ii.


(02=0)

* (3)

(1)

(2)

2V
. 2.5

) -23

stp).

() =

'

= 546
() =
'

= \092
, ()

= 5 4 6
2.6 - V-T

p(atm)

V(L)

T(K)

. 2.6
) To
p-V ' '
W = 22,4atm L = 2269J
>

2.59

To

1-

(1)

V', =

V'= V (2)

W = (V-V)
(1) (2)

W =

W
. '-
W = (( + )
Faz
A
' 273 +
u/

+ )

(JV - V)

2.60

) p2V2

V2 =

>3
V, -125^m3

~ ^2

-25m

p2V2 = nRT2

pxV{ - nRTf

^2, - 60
2^2 __
=
7

19

w = P2 2~P\ \

= 2.101J

1-

2.6,

mo,

, 60:

AU=-nRAT
= 3 1 0 5 , 8 / W = 0 Q = AU
2
) :
W = pAV = nRAT = 2010,6J
Q = W + AU = 5 1 7 6 , 4 J

2.62

e = 1 - = 0,25
1

w
e=
Qh

2.63

a)

e EL Qh = 29,S2SKWh

Va=^E

= SL
PA

, =
pAVA = pBVB

VB = 3 , 2 L

VR = VB
LLt- = L l . = 6 0 0

, =
, VA = V

3atm
8L
300

7,5atm
3,2L
300

l,5atm
3,2L
600

20

A
6atm
8L
600K

p(atm)

V(L)

V(L)
.

ftWAB=nRTA\x&-

300

600

T(K)

2.7

= -222%,TlJ,

WBr=0

WrA = nRTr I n = 4 4 5 6 , 5 5 J ,

Y) QAB<

WAA = 0 ,

WoX = 2228,3J

O, QAA^

QH = 0 + 0 = Q (Tr - TB ) + WrA = 8104,3\J

W

2.64

= 0,275

) pBVB-pAVA

= 2atm
_

| = 1 aim

_ ^
= 91

6atm
22,4L
546

2atm
67,2L
546

latm
67,2L
273

21

latm
22,4L
91

p(atm)

p(alm)

V(L)

I T(K)

V(L)

()

2.8

V,
) WAB = nRTA l n - f = 14931,847

fVBr = 0

'

= 0 Wr, = Pl(VA

-Vr)

= -4524,8J

= KB + Kr + ^ + = 10407J
2.65

) .
= = 20
V
= Pa A __ ^0 __ 2.9
2

:
V/2

V.
()
.

22

2.9


V _ 7/ 1 yV
12
o'
-= - p 0 F 0 l n 2 = - 0 , 6 9 3 \ p 0 V 0
l n -*
L = 0 In^

ffAr =

"0

WrB = />rCi> - r ) = 2p,(2V.0

= 3p # K 0

^ = ^ + ^ =2,3poF0
0=^
=C,, = ( ^ + ) = / ( | + )
QBr=^nRAT

= ^(pBVB-prVr)

= l,5p0V0

Q = QM+QVB =6$POVO
)
.

= 2 0
/

= ^^1 = ^

2.9
V
2V
ln
w
^ = 0
aa =
r r = 1 _ 7 ^ ~ 0 7 >*

*0

WQK=0JPoVo
QAA ~ ^
ft,

= "QA7- = n R A T = | ( - ) = 4.5

? = ^
2.66

2.10

2.10,
W =2p2V = 4pV
(1)
QH = QA + Qtsr = "C,(TB
Cp-Cv+R

- TA) + nCp(Tr

(3)

23

- TB) (2)

C
= P

^ C

,4.

(3) (4)

C, = R
:

Cn= R (5)
'
2
(2) (5)

V
~|

Q ^ l " R ( T , - T A ) + ^nR(Tr-Tt)

3V
2.10

Qi, =^PbVB-PAVA)

^(PTVT-PBVB)

Qh=\vA{PB-PA)+\pB{vy-vB)

Qh=hpV

W
e=
Qh
2.67

+ hp2V

= \8pV

(1) (6) e

(6)

4 pV

2
=
18 p V
9

4 = 1 atm,

V = 22,4L,

23

.
V
V
^ = 1. 7^ = 546
.
= -5
,

= 273/C

22,4L
latm
273

44,8L
1 atm
546

24

44,8L
0,5atm
273

2.11
)
W = W + WHV

p(atm) .

= 0 ,

W = WAB = pA(VB -VA) = 2211J

)

/ = 0

V(L)

Q = W = 221 \ J
)

2.11

ASAr = 8 =nR\n = 5,16 J /

2.68

()
= latm, VA = 2 2 , 4 1 , 213

.
:
2

PBVB=PAVA

V =5,6L

..

VR =NRTB

(1)

nRTA

(1) (2) :

Tb=Ta-P^JL

= 546K

PAVA
, ()
__

22,4L
latm
273

= 213

5,6L
8atm
546

5,6L
4atm
273

25

(2)

 2.12
)
AU =nCv(TB-TA)
= 4539,5J
AUBr

p(atm)

= nCv ( - ) = - 4 5 3 9 , 5 J

AUOA=AUAB+AUBR

=0

)
ASAB = 0

5,6

,
=.

22,4 V(L)
.

2.12

5 = = NR\N^~ = - 1 1 , 5 2 J!
5' = AS + 5" 5 - 5 = 11,52J /
2.69

pAVA=pBVB
= 0,75x\Q) S I m2
, ,

(1)

Tfs

PrVr =

( V
'
\ /

Vr = VB

...2
0,3 x 10 5 at // m

(1) = 2 4 0

0,04m 3
3 105 N/m 2
600

0,16m 3
0,75 105 N/m 2
600

0,16m 3
0,3 105 N/m 2
240

2.13 .
) U A = ^ n R T A

26

p(x lO'N/rrT)

vA =-pAvA=mooj
Ub=Ua
Ur = I nRTr = | prVr = 7200J

V(m!)

) WAB = nRTA In-p-

*A
WAB=pAVA\n4
= \6632J

2.13

JVBr=0
, PaVA~PVVT = - 1 0 8 0 0 j
1-7
=
^
WAB + WBr + WrA = 5832J

w,

= H f l l n ^ = ^ i - l n 4 = 21J2J/K
ya

^ 0
5" = 0

ASAB

+ 5" + ASRA

5 = - 2 7 , 7 2 J /
2.70

= 1

mg

= 2,013 x 10

w'

)
W = AV (1)
AU = ^nRAT

= ^pAV

(2)

Q = AU + W (3)

3
5
(1) (2) (3) : = AV+ AV = AV

(4)

AV = (4)
2Q
' 0,1 m
5
)
(2) (4)

= - AU = -Q = 30J
5
5

27

2.71

= 600 + 400 7

( 100 N/m3)

V = 2w 3 4 = 1400/V/ 2
Vr = lm 3 , = 1000 / W

2.14
)


: IV = 200J (1)
)

Qi,~Qr=^+/

(2)

. 2 . 1 4
WrA
2.14 V:
WyA =1200J

/ = \ r ( t , - ) = | ( - p r ' / r ) = 2700J
(2) Qh = 3900J (3)
e = = 0,051
Qh
PBVB PAVA < 0
R
R
,
,
.

Q.iB - ^ (TB

TA) Cy

ASAB =5, +AS2 + ... = -^L + - ^ 1 + ....

1
2
AS < 0
5 < 0 ", > 0
2.72

/? = - 10 + 610 5
V = 6 10~3 m3
= 2 105 / m2
VB = 3x 10 3 7 3 , =4105N/m3
2.15

28

)
,

(), W = 3007
)
QAB = ^UAB + WAB

p(xlOs N/m)

V = pBVB .

- . AU = 0

V(xl0 m )

To WAB
, '

V.
(210 5 + 4 1 0 5 )
QCAB
RRAB=3x10"
AB =W

2
QBr=nCp(Tr-TB)

= n(Cv+R)(Tr-TB)

3
.

-VB) = 3000J

QrK=nCv(TA-Tv)

= \{pAVA-prVT)

)
ASOA

TA = TB
=0

2.15

-900J

Qw = {I +1 )R(Tr -TB) = |pB(Vr

= n\R(TA-Tr)

= -mOJ

ASab = 8 =nRln = - 1 , 4 J /
V

ASab + ASBr + ASva = 0

ASRA=-ASAB-ASM.=-2,\J/K

29

Gauss

3.1
3.2

3.3

,=

3.4

3.5

3.6

= ^

3=_^_

4=0

3.7

Q/(4n8GR)

-R

R
. 3.1

30

3.8

3.9

q ,
,

.
.
, ,

.

3.10

3.11

. .

3.12

3.13

3.14

.

.
, .

3.15

91.

31

3.16
v

KCQ/R

-R

R
.

3.2

3.17

3.18

3.19

3.20

3.21

, ,

3.22

1- 2-

3.23

101-102.

3.24

3.25

1- 2- 3-

3.26

3.27

1- 2- 3-

32

3.28

1- 2- 3-

3.29

3.30

1 10.

3.31

.
V/m

3.32

109.

3.33

110.

3.34

1-

2-

3-

4-

5-

3.35

,
m
, .
.
/Kg lm/s 2 .

3.36

, ,

3.37

,
.
, , .

.

m
m.

33

"*8

Mm
(F = G-)
r

.
3.39

, ,

3.40

3.41

g=,HR^2
(R, +hf

3.42

.
,
.

V=- ^ i 7
Rr + h

vs -

l2goRr
y Rr + h

Gauss
3.43
3'

= " = 2 = 62,8Nm2 IC

- 9 0 " = 0

- "

3.44

=^

3.45

= 3\,4Nm2/C

= 1,13x10bNm2/C

=17,7xlO" 1 2 C

34

3.46

,
.
=0

+.=

*.=-^.
3.47

= ~

r 2

_4nR2

QvK_

_455295C

, ,


( ),
( 3-1 86
). :
)

3.49

Gauss
R
(R Rv)
__ _

3.48

= _ i J ^ - = 1,35x10 6 N/C
40

= VR

.
r (r -< R)
q = pVr :

g =K
V

^ w'
=4Q

/ \3
r

Gauss r :
)

q _Q'"^ r
, = ^ =
~ KR;

4 Nm1 /C

35

29,2x10 4 Nm2 !C

FC

q =
_ Qj f r ^
3 =
'O fcO nR J

69,4 xlO 4 Nm2 / C

, ) r R ,
R Q. Gauss

r >R

= = 135 104 Nm2 /C

3.50

720x10^ NIC
20 ,
87 )
)

( 3.2

= - - = 360 103 N I C
2 r\

-
3.51

V = ( r = = 6m
r
V
.
V, = -1

= 90V

V = -0
1

(OA)

= 180F

(OB)

VA-VB=-90V
3.53

E = KLMT (1)
r~

V = Kc
' r

(2)

V
(1) (2) = r = 3m

36

Vr
(2) : Q = = 6x10

Vr )q = {KcQ

WBr=(VB-

3.55

)
Qi Q2

V.A =Cc-^
= \2000V
()

Kc %
h

= KcQq{-

- - ) = 13,5 x 10"3 J
'] r2

3.54

,2 = c

= 11250
()

V4 = Vx + V2 = 23250F

) () = V ( A B ) 2 + ()2 = 5cm
V\ = ,. - = 14400V
' (MB)

(MB) = () = 2,5cm

= ,
= 18000F
c
'
()

V M =V l M +V 2 M = 32400
)
3.56

W =(VA ~VM)q = - 1 8 3 x 1 0 8 J

:
2

C7 = Kc + Kc + Kc -3Kc = 36X\02J
a
a
a
a
3.57

)
r2 .
m

W = AK

W = KB

, ,Q
,
1
{Kc -Kc )q -mo
r2
2

(VB ~Vr)q --^//w2

2

apa =

\2KOq

1 .
) (1)

Mm

= -J^m / s
)
(1)

37

=2

mr.

m/s

3.58

ii =

V.-V,

(1),

V -V
=
(2) (1) (2)

V -V
V -
-A_^L=V_J^L
VA-VB=VB-Vr=SV

V,-Vr=(VA-VB)
+ (VB-Vr) = lOV
3.59

V = Ex = 1500V

3.60

ZF = 0
F = mg

-Q

. -

F - Eq -~q
mg

V = ^ - = 400V
.

3.61

3.3

3.4
= ,
=

EFv=0

KaiZFr=0

F-

-mg

(2)

(3)

(1) (3)
F = mg F = mg

(2)

(1)

38

(4)

3.4


F = Eq = q
d
dmgf#=10.c

g =

3.62

(4) q - m g s
d

a = = 16xlO l 2 m/S 2

) F = & = 1,456x10""JV

)
. , ,
.
:
I)
= - at

= tat'
'
2

II)
3.63

= +at

1 ,
= v0t + at

,,
.
J q

*"

F = Ee

*

^

'
F Ee
- = (1)
m
m
.

1 2
v = v0-at
(1) x = v0t- at (2)
( )
= = m "
a
Ee

(2) =0
2 2 mvn
(2) =0

Ee

39


(1) 1 = t a
- -

.
.
3.64

( )
( y).
: x = v j (1)
y:
=

(3)

+0
[

iF

F
Ee
= - = (2)
m m,
1
y = -at

-0
.

3.6

(4)

(1)
/
, t (5)
(4) (5) (2)

Eel2

:
2 me~,2
(3) (5) (2) ,
.
Eel
,.
m
Po

^

V- e 2I/ 2
L

= v u + = ^ +
mevo
= .

40

Eel

 -
3.65

Q = CV = 12pC

-iir
3.66

=e
C
= '"~
d
d

Q = CV -e0V
d
3.67

= 444,6pC

E = = \04V/m
d
C = 0^-~ 53,\pF
d
Q = CV = 631,2 pC

3.68

A
C = = / 7
d
.
Q = CV = 1000/iC
,

A C
C'= = = 5 Q'-C'V
= 500pC (
2d
2
)

3.69

U=-CV2=2,5J

2
3.70

Q]
V]

C,

QI = C\

QA' ( V V
]
(I)
QJ =C2V

Q\=Q,

+Q2

C,1] - C,L' + C,V

(2)

V
C, + C,

= 64

 (1) (2) ?,' = 1280^C Q2 = 320^/C

1 , 1

ic,f,2
-C.V2+-C2V2 2
= 12x10 3 J
1 1
2
2 '
2
.

3.71

C' = KC = 60/iF

3.72

,
, , Ca, Qa Va. ,

C V .
C0 =

(1)

C=^V

(2)

(1) (2)
V =6
= -C = -^
q
3.73

Q = CV = 50^/C

'= + = 200
&)'

3.74

Q' = KCV

K=j^

=4

C = 0 ,
d
A =

d C

(1)

V
= ,
d

42


d = (2)

(2) (1) =

VC

= 0,083m~

3.75

V = Ed
Q = CV = Ed
d

Q - -\69,9nC

3.76

g =G =
(Rr+hf
M
=

+h
3.77

= 2,5m/s2

=^
(2Rr)
gRr ^
2Rr

4
8,

-32x10" J /Kg

, h.
-
.
fV = AK (VA-Vr)m = -KA

, GM. l
GM,
1
(
-h
)m = m o ~2
Rr
Rr+h
2

Rr
3.78

__ = _2
Rr + h
2

h=

2gRr
2 g,A-v;

5QKm

) gy

GMy
GM,
g

R2

~ R2

43

gy

\ R, J

= 1,66 mis2
-',

g
wv = mgs = lg1 - 116,2
go

3.79

.
-

+=+

.
i
->
4
KA+UA0 + 0 --/<>J -G ' - = 0

2
3.80

Rv+h

=0

'

"

2gm,

\Rv+h

\2GMy
II

Ru

. ,
.,
/ R,
I Rr
= J ~ = * ~ ^ ~
,
}MyRu
]j 8 Rn
/, _ p l \ __ / 3

nr

\\

-/?,.

(1)

3.80

- 7
R.

Vy

,
(')

vu=5,6Km/s

( ).

4!

 -
.
W =
GMr

Rr

(Fx-Vr)m

'-;

gr)R

= -y/2 -2goRv
3.82

=- ^ /
=

'-

Rr

=14x10'mls

m,
^
m,
gi Mk

rri| g2
m2.
*~ _ *
.
*
'
*
.
^7

m
mi g] = Gj
.r"
2
- /g!

2m

(I-)'

g, = g,

G-^- = ''-
'
(I

= V2

x , = / ( / 2 - 1 ) ,2 = - / ( I + /2)
2
|. .

lrij m2

= / ' + V,' =
71

3.83

'

"

"

= -'(2-72 + 3)
/-.

11
m,,
_7,w7, ^nunu
U = -G - - G ' - G "
a

45

=
-= -U - G
~

+G

+G

3.84

.
)
. Gauss,
r (r < R)
Gauss = ^ ' / (1)

4
= 4~.
QcyK = pV = p7U" .
(1) =

r > R

)
. Gauss
r (r >- R)
.
QtvK
Gauss = (2)
= 47

4 3
QvyK = V = pnR'

= ^ 1
3 s.r~

(2)

r = R =
3

46

 r
3.8

pR/(3e)

3.85

3.8

,



. 3.9

.
)
.
Gauss,

r(r<R),
L,

/
.

3.9

Gauss = ^LyK (1)

1.

~ ^

2twL + 0

QEyK= pV = pKr L
(1)
pR
= pr r > R 2
2
)
. Gauss,
r(r>R),
L,
.

47

 Gauss

.
v

Qcy, = P

= ^

(1)

^ 2kvL + 0

= *R L

(1
= pR~
2re

r = R

pR

r
3.9

pR/(2e.)

r
. 3.10

3.86

( 87 ),
-2 8cm 0.

; Gauss, /'(/'>- R)
to TiiKiipiKo yctvo.
(>

( )

/ 4/ ' =

4 ; r '
15 |() \
> 87

. <> /t ,
\- tu
/; '/
\ .. .

) Gauss L,
, r < R
( R ).
Gauss

fiu =

^
2JU'LEo

Q,,K
^ 2// + 0

2 r

)
Gauss > / ? , 0
Q r K = + / J . + ( - ) = 0 = 0 =0
3.88

.


,
,
*
, =

( 3.3

()

()

20
88 )

()

3.11

t , =
/ ;
/) - , + ,
/ () () ( 3.1 1) = 0,
() = ] + \ =
3.89

-
II = \/\

\'(.

/ ' !

/ /:

III I >
2(7

3 ()\\' <

3.90

Coulomb
e1
"
1
: k -m
k mv
(1)
r
r
r
1
= mv~
^
1 , e2
(1) = k
2 r
2

u =- k r

1 e2
= + U = k.
2 r
) To

.

' - ^
^ = w0 -

1
F = <AF

1^

3.91

1 ,k e2
=
2

-

1
W = (V(_)-V(+))e = 0-mvo
V(

V(+)

V =V(+)-V^_)
1
Ve = mun
2

2
)

V = ^
2e

.
= 1250

3.92

= = 105 NIC

d


F = E\q\ = 10 3

,....

\i\-

_ZJ

w = mg = 5x10 3
( )

7 F + w

=
=
= 12mls'
m
m
= - at = 0

r^
m

3.12

. tA =

y :
1 2
y

a t

A - ~

:
d - y = \cm
3.93

x (
) y
( ).
x
,

tOA
=

(1)

+Q

y,

0
.

"

..

3.13

F Ee
Ve ( 2 )
= = =
m
m
dm

51

LYiL
y = atoA (1) (2) y = -^r
= 12,6mm
2
2 m ]

V
V -V
V
- =
VA-V0=y= 50,4V
a y
a
y
3.94

)
r
.

.
1
2
W - (VA - Vr)(-e) = meu

(KcQ-KcQ-)(-e)=X-mev2
R
r
2
=

2 KcQe
m.

1 _i
R r

= 2,66x 10b ml s

) To
.
( ).
.
-
.
1
2
W = VA(e) - mev2 Kc^e = -mcve
R
2

3.95

j-2KQe
mR

= 3,26x10bm!s

.



52

. 3.14

W =

mg(l-d)

3.96

+ (VA -Vr)q

1
2
= mv

1 1
1
mg(l-d) + KcQq(--) = - m
a I
2

2g{l -d) + 2K< @q ( 1 - i ) = 9,6/77 /

V
m
d I

Q


:
,
\
.


.
1
2
W = (VAVr)q = mv

1
KOq(
'
d

1
)~mo
R
2

F
'~~
/
(j
3 5

2 Qq

,0
,
=J (
) =13,8
mis
V m
d R
.
, ,
.
2R
t = = 14,4ms

3.97

:
= .; 0 = /;?, - 22 , = 2 2 (1)
:
^ . +^. = ^ +^. '
2
2
i
1
0 + ..c = /;/u,2 + 2/7; ,2 + c( (2)
I
2
2
'
21
(2) (1)

3j

jr (J =
* w4u;
2 + 2mv 2 + 1/
K
Kc
c
2

21
(1)
3.98

2 = 2({

'

&.
61m

l*c_
61

)

.


.
W -

2 =

(Q) O

(q) <j A - -

h/2

mg ~ = ~mi>2

= -Jgh = 6m / 5

. 3.16

.
Q.
) q .
- .

I t
Ww + WF = mg + (VA~Vv)q = mv~
m

g-

h ,
Q
s Qs
+ (Kc -Kc)q
2
/2

<7 =

mh(v2 - gh)

> .
= -mv-
2

= 0,8x 10 C

2KcQ

3.99

AB =

+ h~ = 50cm

Qi Q2
:
1/ =_
= ]" +, ;'
=' 1 + '2=

Q\

(22

V, = 18x10 F

4
- + K1(r - 02
2/ - V
=30x10 V

54

 -
q

W, + WC=AK

mgh + (VA -VM)q = mv

u
3.100

3.17

F = Kc - - 2,25 x\0'3
r
,
,

wx = mg - 0,25 x 10~3
. 3.18
,
.
)
x Q.
- m

WF + WKx = (VA Vr)q mg(x-r)

kcQq(~
r

mg(x - r) = 0.

=0

2 - 1,3 + 0,36 = 0 = 0,9m

( = 0,4m,
)
)
.

d.
C)q
F = wY kc = ^
d = 0.6/??
d'


- m

W r + f V u = A K ( V A - V ^ ) c / - m g j ~ i ^ ^ ( d - r ) = -^mv 2
= nn)2

KcQq(--)-mgTW(j)(d-r)

= 2^
V m

(--~)-2mgij^^(d-r)
r d

= 1 mis

3.101 ) V = -=\00
) , >,
.
)
100V.
VB = 0 V, = 100F .
3.102

To Q = CV

V =

, = ^/ Qa( = , / ^/
d d
d (

Qy

Qa

KE

Ey

Q = KQ = 46,7//C'
'

3.103

a) ql=C,V

= 120C

c;

C,

q2 =C2V = \200
)
C,
c ; = k c \

c2

= 2 0 / j f

q{',

q2

V

q{ = C{V" (1)
q2' = C2 -V

V'

3.19

(2)

qx +q2 =qx' + q2'

, (1) (2),
<71 + Qi = (C{ + C2 )V V = 10V
<?,' = 2 0 0 q2 = 40/ 7
3.104

) -
( h)
( )

Ww = (VA - Vr )m = m
c-M<
-+ G ^ = V
Rr +h
Rr
8oRr_+8oRr
2 Rr
Rv

o = ^ g

-
2

~
1

-mvo

= 8 ^ / 2 x 1 0

m i s

) -

WF + Ww = , - Fh + {V4 - VY)m =
-Fh + -G

mr

+cM< m-

Ry + h

R, r

57

m ,
2

mvl

-FH+G"RRM

3.105

=--MV]

F -

M V

+G RV

2 Rr

= 8xl04N

)
- ,
U] + - U2 + 2
Mm
1
M m
-G v
)mv ]2 = - U v l
r
z
r
\
i

zrt

1
mu;

,pa

>*2

o2=J2

+ o2 = 6,16 xlO 3 ml s

gX
r

\2

\J

)
,
.
+ = (1)

- .

, .
(1)
-

3.106

^^ ^ - ++ L
, aE
-MVI+

_ =n 0 ,

-=

gRrm

- H""'
U1L = 3,7 9./

h
.
-

h = at2
2

Rr+h

]Rr+h

= -^~
2

(1)

(2) (1) h
h2 + 6 4 x 1 0 5 h - 1 2 8 x 1 0 " = 0

58

g Rz
a(Rr+h)

h = 1,6x10 6 m

3.107

-
( )
x
.
WF + Ww = Fx + (Vr - V )m = m Ug
2 GMr
< ' m = -mRr +
2 Rr +x
2

8oRl
8O R r m -= m
Fx- gaRvm = 0
Rv + x
Rr +x
M

Fx + ' - G ^ G
Rr

So R r . +

Fx +

R m
= 3,2x10b m
go r
F
) -
,
1
WF + Ww - Fh + Vvm = mo~

Fh-gRl

m = mv2
Rr

\2(Fh-gaRvm)

5,06x10 3 ot/s

3.108

.
:
gr=gz

. 3.20

(d-xY
=

d -

gr a

'

=9
d

=9
60/?,

59

= 54/?,

gt

"

= -9
. = 67,5/?, .
60/?, -
d-x


.

3.109

-9

( ) h ( ).
WF + Ww - (1)

WF = -2Ww ,

- Ww =

(1)

~(Vr - VK)m = mv~

G ^ - G - ^ =-tr
Rr+h
2
R

,
3.110

2RV

= 2
2

3.21

v = -yJgR\ =8xl0" , m/>9

)
Mvm
=m-
G
2
(/? + h)
Rr+h
=

GMV
R, +h

1
a jy = mo-,
2 1 , 2 =
1 m GM.

2
2
2
2
16/?, /9

GM,
2Rr j

> \

= m

9 gR{
16/?,

8
= mgRr = 2 x 1 0 J
2 R" y

) ,

60

K=(V2~V])m

GM 1r

GM.
+
' m = 4 10'J
\6RRv/9r ' V 2RR y

-

WW-WA=AK

3.111

Ww-As

= AK

s = \09m

)

( + m)
'
= ( + m)
2

(.R + h)
' R+h

\20goR- . 20goR
=. GM
(1)
R+h
21R
V 21

- :

( + ) =

.

(1) :

M +m

20 g0R

= 1900/77 / s

)
(
)
( ) :
WF + WK =
WF + (VA - VE)m = 0
WF +

wf +

'

R +h

20g n R 2
21r

gaR
WFF=~m

2\

+ G1
+

m- 0
R. y

gR
R

> \

m- 0

= -192x10V

61

3.22

3.112

2
,-, M,m
=m
(Ry+hy
Ry + h

m
m"2

m,

m
.

3 23

. ,
,
GMy

Ry+h
h : =
, :
mv = -, + 2
m = -m] + in2 V2

= uV2

Rv+h
1

mv = -{ + yflu

(1)

m-mx+m2
(2)
(1) (2)
mx = /77(3-2/2)
3.113

/??-, = 2m(y[2-1)

)
.
777 777

F = G1-~ .
I
.
mt :
mxm,
2
G yr^ = w,

rx

m2 co2r2
G ~ I

,
m,
2
G^ = 0)

(1)

fTJ
mi: G = r2 (2)
777

(1) (2) - = = 4 (3)

/;?, r2
r2
f \ + r 2 - I (4)
(3) (4) :
r, = 42,69 6m r, = 10,67x 10 6 m

62

) To


.
m,m
m2m
,
U-r- = G
72

(I-)

I-

"

m,

. 3.24

/ =40/?,
=
-
y
3
3

r, =

= 4

f, F,
I

K=-G-^

39/?,
G

40/?, / 3

( 5 )

39 ,
^
=
40/?,-40/?,/3

(6)

80 /?,

-
:
1
Ww = (VA - Vr)m = 0 - m v 2
(5) (6)
= 1025,8m/s

63

Biot Savart
4.1

Biot Savart
'/; .
,


.

4.2

4.3

4.4

/,, /,, / 3 ...

,, 2 , 3 . . .
, :
/(/

=Ag,+AS,+...=ik
4

+ y . + >- , :
i'~
4

=
4

Ampere
4.5

Ampere
IryK..
Ampere
.

4.6

64

4.7

4.8

,-
I
Ampere
.
= 0\
= 0 = 0

4.9

1- 2-

4.10

4.11

4.12

Gauss ,
.

4.13

.

. , Gauss ,
.

3-

4.14

.
. .

4.15

4.16

4.17

,
.

65

4.18

4.1 1
. 2
3
.

4.19

) ,
.

4.20

, ,
.
,

,
0 180
.

,

.

4.21

"

/
/"
/

h
\

4.1

4.2

4.22

Lorenz
) .
) '.
)
F =0

4.23

4.24
) , )
.

66

: .

.
4.25

4.26

: . : , = - 0

4.27

)
.
) 4.3
) ,
)
.
, ,
2 .

: t] = t2

R] - R*>

4.3

4.28

158

4.29

.
.

4.30

161 -162.

4.31

160.

67

 Laplace .

4.32

) , )
, )
.

4.33

4.34

, ,
.


.

4.35

, ,
. 1

1 .

Biot Savart
4.36

,,'/
_
1_5
, = ^ - ^ 9 0 " =0,22x1 (

4 r2
=

4 r;

1 Al

== ^
4

r,

r2
1

r2

1 _

. 4.37

, / / r'

= 0,048 10"5

68

,
/

4.37

.

/( ( 4.5)

^
. 4.5

:
\.=^1^. ^
r~
/ :

ABk

^\80

=0

.


= -^ - = ^ ~ ( 4.4)
R
AR

.
4.38

( ).
,

5, =

( 4.4).
,

-,

.
,
, \
= ,-2=^ j

Vj_
4

69

 Ampere - - Gauss
4.39

] = = (-/,

-/5 +/2 + /4) = 0

S2:
= 0 = (/, + /3 - /2) = J
: ^ = 1 (6 Tm
S3:

= .1=(-,+.)
4.40

=0

-
/

= = 01
I

= 162
v2y

.
4.41

77 )
= = 2,8410- 6 /
Be
2mn
=
=1786xlo-10j
Be

4.42

= - ^ -
Bq

Bq
4.43

4.44

R = ^~
Bq

= 15,6 10

m
Bv.
JLJL
r
=~

D
n
Bq
Be
a
(1) (2)
1

(1 )/

Rq

mv

Ra

= 1,28 10 _19 Ag i w / j

^ 1

<ia

= 4

2e

=2 ^

70

v(2)

(3)

~maua

~^mPvn

1
4

(3) :

= 1

Ra = R -1 Ocm

R
4.45

F h a = FM Eq = Bqo
= = 4V / m ( 4.6)

4.46

>

R< D

<D

Be

ev

De
m
Bmin=-JDe
1
= mev2
2

(1)

2
=
V

(2)
\2meK

(1) (2) Bmin

4.47

4.6

e2D2

.

= -
1

= mp
2

,
=

(1)

2 7tme
~&

2
V m

2
= J2Kme = 9,4cm
Be

71

()

4.48

-
.
2 Ve
W = Ve = mpv U
1)1.

R

1 l2Vm,

= 0,316in

7 -

Laplace
4.49

) F, = BIl = 3,S4N

4.50

)
F)
,

4.7
F, = mg = g
= ^
)

Ft

mg

= 810"

II
mg - F, = ma
. 4.7

BIl = m(g-a)

4.51

) FL = 30 = 1,92

m(g-a)

= 6,4 "2

II

Fl - mg

= mg, 1 =

mg

= 0,5.4

. 4.8

72


4.52

7, 1 / 3

I
2 dt 2
F-,

2 / 3

_ /fo ^2^ i
I
2 d 12

3 :
F2 Ft
( / 2 - / , ) = 10" 3 iV/w
l

d
4.53

F*

I, J +-/2
d/2
-* <- d/2
d/2
- |
. 4.9

f
1
X

1
I

F, X
X

FjX

. 4.10

= 4/
2

4.54

F,

pa

r =

1 !'

2, /,

F} to 1
y2
F, =
/
2 r
2
2
-I =
F2 = Ff
2 r

. ,
, :

I
. 4.1

I
2

I . , , :

73

( F / / )
, :
U r? \2 / 7 2
F F
F
F
+
+ 2-- 120"
I J
\ ' /
F
F,
=
/
/

= 166,7x10 5 / m
1

4.55

Biot Savart
, ,
.

,
) r (r < R)
.

, :
/2

f
/ ' = /
1
I
R
"/
Ampere

r (r < R)

.
. 4.12
dl 0 =

74

dl = 0 /

'r^2
*/

2 = J

',-^2
y

= -~~>' ( ] )

(1) r = \ 2,5 10"5

) Ampere

r (r > R)

.

dl =

2 = 0
. 4.13

(2)

2
(2) r = r2 = 2 10
)
, r
, (1) (2) :

/(2)

3.14

75

4.56

Biot Savart
,
.

.
) Ampere

r (a < r < b)

.
dl 0 = 0

dl = /,

2 = ]
.

= ^ ^ 2 r

4.15

) Ampere
r ( r > b)
.
dl = 1,: 2' = 0\{-12\
|/, - |
-
2

/ , = / - , = / ,
=

2 r

=0

76

4.57

/ .

,
I
1

5 = ^ . ^ . 9 0 = E l I A L
4
4 '

( )
d
( ) ' .

4.16

=

.
/
' .
,

= =^^
4 '

= 2
4

]
2
= f _

-0,452x10
{\lr2 +d2 j

4.58

-

W = .

Vq = mv2

(1)

mo
RBq
= =
Bq
m
RBq
1
(1) Vq = m
m
m

R2B2q
2V

1 2 q
8V

77

3,368x10

25

Kg

4.59

.

= =

2twi

Be

xBc
x : = =
~ 5600
2m

4.60

FL ( 4.17).

I
y
.
f l > *"

,

I *
FHA ( 4.17). /
*
]
'. ]
^

'.
.

4.61

-
.
W - Vq = m,V
2 (1)
2

/,, ,
R Bq
| =
, = x
Bq
/?/,
1

( R Rn 1

(1) Vq = m.

Rj

V '" J
,
2 Vm2
n
, m ; , R2 = I
"
tcov :
d = 2(, - R2) = 2.
V ~1

~ )

78

= 8 10^m

2Vm,
B2q

4.62

4.18

FL =
:
= F,

Lx
mg = II

. 4.18

I = ^~~ = *J3A
4.63

2

2/ 2
. =
.


4.19

F3

F,

f.
1

F, = ,/, =

. 4.19

.
2

21
1
2 =
+


0 2/,/2
F2 = 21 =

+
.

.
F} F4 .
:

F = FX-F2

=i^-/

(+)

79

.) 4.20

,
2<_

V;
m^R,/
-,

. 4.20
)
FHA=FM

Ee-Bxev,

= (1)

)

2
in
R=
Be
in
, (1), R =
\ -,
,
> ,
.
) , 2 . d
:
2
d = 2R,-2R, =
(m,-m2)
B^B2e
Am =

/Zi, B2e

= 3,2x10 ~21 Kg

2
=

80

Am

= 2 .

5.1

)
)

, = .
( = 0 ) .

5.2

,
,
.
.
.

5.3

1)
.
2)
.

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

3 6.

5.8

.
5.9

Lorentz
.

81

5.10

:
V = BLu V = BLgt

.

5.11

.

d. t d + = d + vt.

21
21
D
=
=
.
4 d + 4 d +
:

= ( ) ^ ^
d +

.

5.12

, ,

5.13

, x x
, y A .,
BL .

R
*FL

BLv
<
*
/ = =

f
1
R
R

(-)
FL = BIL .
X X

/, 5.1
_FL _ BIL _ B2L2v

m
m
mR

, .
.

82

 Lenz
5.14

Lenz
, .
Lenz,

.

5.15

,
.
Lenz
,
. ,
.
,
,
.
:
. .

5.16

,

.
,
Lenz,

,
.
,
. 5.2
,
(.
5.2).
mg - F
: =
<g
m
F 0
> g, F
.

83



,


(.
5.2).
mg - F
:
<g
m

. F > 0
g .
.17

til

mg
. 5.2

]
, 5.3
2

. Lenz
2 2
. 2
5.3
,

i6666w6ouwow

. 5.3

5.18

.
,

.

84

 -
5.19

5.20

5.21

, , .

5.22

. .
.
,
, .

5.23

5.24

5.25

,
.

5.26

.

.

-
5.27

5.28

, .

5.29

5.30

= ,
,
I

/2

A = nR2

85

d
D
LI = ~-~-nR~
= ^
4 R'l
4,7l
.
, .
.

5.3!

5.32

U=

t,,

.
)
i-t.
t,
.
5.33

1-, 2-,

3-,

4-,

5-

5.34

y)

n = J

m =

1 = 1 - [
At

= 2V
At
\2-\

\\

BAavvm"

\
51

~ At ~

= 4V

At
\90"-
,

86

= 2V

5.35

2
1_2
En=J-:L = ;
=: 7
= 0,2x10 V
At
At
At
/ = - ^ = 10"3
R

5.36

P = I2R = 2X\0~6W

0 - 2 x 1 0 1 s

,
,=J]- = 2V , = = 0,2
1
At
R
2x10 5 - 5 x 1 0 s

=
= 0 / , = - = 0
2
2
/
R
5x10 ' - 6 x 1 0 *5

l
3 = - - = 4V / 3 = = 0,4
3
At
R
' ,

. '
.
1(A)

JV)

t(lO's)

0,2

5 6

t(lO's)
5 6

-0,4

. 5.4

87

5.37

, n = A ' J

||
At

j _

R + R,
AQ =

||

AQ

At(R + Rv)

At

I =

AQ = N

R + R,

R + R,

0-\

=10,22x1

= -

At{R + Rr)
AQ =

1
~R + R,

( 2

7,:r~
5.38

I,

=
(1).
.
:
||
|0-5|
2
=1 =
-=
At
At
4 At
(1)
=

= 0,16V
4 At

5.39

= = 20V ,
5.5
)
I = E c = 2
R + R,
) VAI.=Em
)

-//?,=

\0V

(+)

__

<

(-)
X X X
. 5.5

Q = /2Rt = 6x\03J

88

5.40

' ,
5.6

j __
R

F, = (. 5.6).

. 5.6

F ,
FL .
F = Fl= =

22

0,2

R
5.41

.
E m = ( ) (. 5.7)

1 = E'c
R

OA

= '

, 8 (

>

" *

R,

. 5.7

= :
^

Vv/ = //? =

5()

= \,6V
>;

5.42

)

.
, t
. ,

EM = BIO (

R>
/
-<

><

FL

><

(' ):*

(-)

><

mg

. .

. 5.8
89

 5.8).

/ - ^
!
R
R

2
Fl - =
,
R
= mg-FL
m
mg FL= 0

2 2

mg

R

mgR
2,5m/s

2,2

) ,

:
mgh = ^ mu2op + Q
5.43

Q ='3,875J

) ,
,


m g ,
.
t,
.
. 5.9
,

.
Em =
( ).

I
/ = -
(1)
R
R
,

90

FL-BIl

(. 5.9). :

mg - ^

,
m
mg -
mg - = 0
(1)
, 2122
mgri =
=

=0

mgR
0,661m/ s
Vop
2
)

Laplace

2
2

f l = bii =
= 0,0587V
R

5.44

=^()2=-

(1)

OA
:

=^()^-

(2)

(1) (2)
:
- = = [ ( ) 2 - ( O A ) 2 ]

- v

= i v

91

. 5.10

5.45

= =

1
(0~

2V
= - = 0,8
cor"

/ '"

/ . = - Vt

VEN=-^*
V2

<

220V

= 2/2

R + R,
5.47

5.48

= = 2 = 18,84

= V /

V,
- ^ = /2

2R

2R
, = 42

= 200V

/2

5.49

Q = I2ENRt

I1

V
R

= 2
Rj2

0 = 1,2x10 4 J
5.50

) = vi-VJa

17>\] (1)

P = VEUIEN

=~

(1) :

92

1 ,, =

I"
XJ

-
V0 =

(+)

.5.11

5.46

 = 2 13\4]

= 22(0,5

)
1 = ^
/ ' = ''
V2
= 3\42

3,14) = 2 2 ~ = 200W
V = ,
/V

= - (0,25 3,14) =
- = 250V
I
1
^
5.51

VI
2
P = V
Ie n = - ^ = - ^ = \60W
e n
2
2R

5.52

5.53

Ern=M

= \0V
dt

= = 0,8 10
= / = 8 10 4 F

dt

5.54

5.55

= 1 =

dt

= 610"3

dt

, 1
. At

:

^"--^
= -L
NA<P = LAI
At
"
At
(0-) = L(0-1)

L=

93

= 0,08//

U - LI1 - 0 fill J
2

5.56

/ = = 3A
R

5.57

a) / =
R = 2,4A

) EavT=iR

= 10V

-L
- = - ^ = - 5 0 0 A / s
dt
dt
L
)
,

.
Q = -LII

=0,058J

5.58

,=]'
/
A
1 1 ,
Q^ -=

/, =. 7VRAt
At
R At
\BAGOV\%0\
2
AQ = Nl=
R
R
2
2
2Bnr
2 Bur
AQ =
AQ = N
1
'
*
N2rw

s
s

_^
/ =
R

5.59

Ae=^=10-JC

) , t,
.
: =
^
'
r
/ =
R

94

1=
2 xR'

1=

2vtR*

 /=

Bl

/ =

2,5x10 - 3

I(mA)
(SI)

2 R't
) / = 1,25/

1,25

)

5.12
5.60

t(s)

. 5.12

) ' F
.
t, .
- BLv (1)
( 5. 13)

^ __ JiLv_
j __ ^
R + R,
R + R,


(+)

x 1x
_x x_
2 2
BLv

Fl = BIL =
% X

R,<
R + R,
<

f - f l
I
=
5 - y ?5cpx
m
'(-)


= 0
.5.13
F = FL F
,

B2L2V op
R + R,

f ( R + R,)

(1)

-\5m/s
2
= 3V (2) 1 = 5

= -IR

0 = 1,5m/s

= 0,5

FL =

B2L2V
R + R,

95

= 0,5

do
FL
=a=
= -5 m / 52
dt
m


.
- ^ = p=r>(R + R,)
dt
(

dK
11

~dt

BLv

R + R, j

(R + R])=-3J5W

2)


F, .
=-~mv2 o p = 11,25 J
2

Q-K
5.61

) (
F)
F
- ^
=
111

t
.
Em = (1)

,
,

/ =

(+

(2)

R + R,

R + R,

. 5.14

F, = = ^ ^
L
R + R,
F - - F,
-
m
F - - F} = 0
^ = q
R + R,

F -

96

 op

8/77 / S
2/2
) (1)
Em = 4 F (2) I = 20/!
VKA=EEn-IR2=2V
) ,
F

.
1
1
2
W mv02p + mgh + Q Q = Fd
mvopmgd = 68J
5.62

) t
.

Em =
(1)

= ^=

R
R

= ma

= ma +

ma +

F(N)

_
R

(-)

. 5.15

212
FL = II =
R
F - Fl

,6

B'l'at

R
F = 1 + 0,1/ (3)
5.16 F
.

t(s)

)
t~6s
, 5.16
-at = 12m/s
,
F

Joule.

97

Wh = ~n12

Q = '4,4.7

) (2) / = 1,2/4 ( 3 ) F = l,6yV.

F

.
= dKl r dK
,
= Fv-i~R
= \2W
n
F
d t
dt
5.63

t=0

(+)

/ - *
R

Laplace FL = BH
.
t,
. FI
=

F,

1
<

(-)

. 5.17

, ,
, E-EU
-
1 =
=
R
R
FL.
, = 0
FI , ,

5.64

= 12

mis

1 = = 1,2. :
R
mg = \N F, = = \,2
(. 5.18). ,

98

F, - mg
m

 t,
'

= /.

F,

(+)'

_ -
- /

(-)

mg

R
~
R


II = mg

FL - mg = 0

>

. 5.18

-/
.

/ = mg
R
- '' = mgR .
, ,
- mgR

= 4m/ s
<
2/2

5.65

)

mgh = ~ m 2

= |2gh=4m/s

,
=
/ =
< -,

{
(*)

(-)>

=
R+r

>1

= 4

R +r
'

'
X

F

! XIX

X

(-)1
(+)

mg
>< X

X
<

I =0
<
mg

X )

X

f
-J
Q_J
L > s 0 - '

'

<

?:
X
>

()

<

()

()

. 5.19

99

F,

*
(+)

(-)

mg
r

()

 , mg = 2
FL = BIL = 4.
J7
=

YYISZ
'
= \0m/s~

(.

m
5.19).
)
.
,
Laplace. F,

= 7
3
R +r
.
F,
/ =

Fl = 3 > mg ,
.
/ = 3 VKA = 1R = 9V (. 5.19)
)

.
m
(. 5.19)
, .
,
- L -
1 =
=
R+r
R+r
FL - mg = 0

E B,V
n ~ i
/ = mg
R+r

- 212 - mg( R + r)

BEl-mg(R + r)
.
=
^
= 4m / s
"
2,2

on = mg
BIl

5.66

) =-L = -0,05 V
At

[ 00

) :
J __ EEU +

R
Blo

^ ~

= (2t + 3)R + EAVT

= 2t + 4 (SI)


5.20

. 5.20

) -t 5.20
.
"2 ~ "
= 2 ml s2
At
t2 t]
) / = 2 + 3 (SI) t = 4s I = UA
FL = BIl 0,55
F -Fl= ma
dWF

= PF=FO

F = 0,85

= \0,2W

dt
5.67

t = = 5s.

:
= = Blx = Blot
t = 0
= 0 t 5s

:
^ 1 = 5 '

= 2,5 x 10 2 Wb

:
1=

= 5x10
R,

^4

AIR

VKA = . -IRka

= -IIR

=3,75x10 F

FL - BIL = 0,5 10~3

101

. 5.21

d-l
At =
= 3s

:
= = 2 = 2,5x\0'2Wb

= I
-

: /

. 5.22
= 0

= 0

R,

= 5\0
V

.
-

At = = 5s .

:
= AA = BI(l-x) = B!(l-vAt)
= 2 -
/ = 0
= 2,5 10 2 Wb
At = 55
=0

.



.
:
3
= - = - = - 5 x 1 0 V

1=
R,

(-)

= - 5 x 1 (3

4IR

102

. 5.23

UR' = 125 x\0~3V

To

3
Fl = BIl = 0 , 5 1 0 ~ #
V

KA =

IR

KA

I(xlO'A)

O(xlO'Wb)

vka(xlo'v)

EJxlOV)

3,75
1,25
13

fl
-5

. 5.24

5.68

= 4

) / =
R+r

di
) =-L = -3V
at
+
) / =
= 3,7
U = -Li2 =3,42 J
R+r
2
)



.

103

EI = I2(R + r) +
dt
5.69

dU_

= 11,1 W

dt

)
, (=0).

/ = /-,= = 2
R
2

= 0.
R2

/, = = 4

E,r

. 5.24

2 = = 2
R2

/ = /, +1 2 = 6

E,r
)
,

.
. 5.25

, ,
.
Uf=Q

= \,6J

104

10

30

64

81


, . , .

7 1129 15/21 1946 ( 1946, 108, ').

,
(copyright),
, .

2 0 1 0 - : 6 5 0 0 0 - . : 6 1 / 1 8 - 2 - 2 0 1 0
- : ....