World Culture Forum, 26 November 2013, Bali

THE PRE-HISTORIC CULTURES Are they primitive?

CASE STUDY FROM GUNUNG PADANG MEGALITHIC SITE WEST JAVA, INDONESIA

Danny Hilman Natawidjaja Tim Terpadu Riset Mandiri (Integrated and Independent Research Team) of Gunung Padang

CONCEPT OF WORLD CIVILIZATION

ONE WORLD CULTURES DEVELOP SLOWLY FROM THE STONE AGE ABOUT 11,000 YEARS AGO (always primitive stone ages/ hunterer and gatherers since 195,000 up to 11,000 years ago ) OUR NEW HYPHOTHESIS: There are CYCLES OF CULTURES DUE TO TOTAL ANNIHILATION BY PERIODIC GLOBAL CATASTROPHIC EVENTS. The 11,000 years ago was when our civilization cycle started

GLOBAL POPULATION GROWTH SINCE THE BEGINNING OF AD

POPULATION

YEARS AD

IF WE EXTRAPOLATE THE LINEAR TREND BACK THEN ZERO POPULATION OCCURED AT ABOUT 3000 YEARS BC
BUT HUMAN RACE APPEARS ON EARTH SINCE 195,000 YEARS AGO! HOWS THAT POSSIBLE?

IN EARTH SCIENCES WE KNOW THAT:

NATURAL PROCESSES ARE FREQUENTLY TERMINATED BY THE UNCONFORMITIES DUE TO SUDDEN EVENTS OR ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES IN FACT, MOST OF THE EARTH STORIES LOST IN THE UNCONFORMITY HORIZONS DOES IT ALSO OCCUR IN OUR HISTORY?

GLOBAL SEA-LEVEL/COLD-WARM CYCLES AND THE HUMAN RACE

Homo Erectus 195,000 yr ago Homo Sapiens OUR WARM CLIMATE

440

340

240

130

TOBA ERUPTION

20

Carbon Isotope Data from Flores: TOBA ERUPTION KILLED GREEN VEGETATIONS IN for INDONESIA ~ 4-5oC ALL cooling? Vegetation collapse ~3,000 years?

Courtesy: Mike Gagan, ANU

The STORY OF HOBBITS From Liang Bua, Flores (2007 excavation)

Courtesy: Mike Gagan, ANU

HOBBIT People appeared since 95.000 years ago and Suddenly dissepeared in about 11,600 years ago. WHAT HAPPEN?

Hobbi t

Westaway et al. (2009)

THE 11,600 YEARS AGO IS THE END OF THE YOUNGER DRYAS (END OF PLEISTOCENE ) COLD HOT Melt Water Pulse (MWP) 1b

Melt Water Pulse (MWP) 1a

Oksigen Isotop (Delta 18O) dari sampel es coring GRIP Greenland (Dansgard dkk, 1993)dan data gas Methan(Blunier dkk, 1993; Chappellaz, 1993) untuk masa akhir Jaman Glasial.

CORAL DATA FROM BARBADOS ISLAND : SUDDEN SEA LEVEL RISE IN 11,600 YEARS AGO

RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL HEIGHTS (METER)

AGE YEARS AGO (X1000)

PERIODS OF LOTS OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES GLOBAL CATASTROPHIC EVENTS AND POPULATION CYCLES

MAXIMUM GLACIAL

TOBA
G. SUNDA

MAXIMAM GLACIAL

GREAT FLOODS

MANINJAU

10.000

150.000

100.000 YEARS AGO

50.000

20.000

70.000

WHAT CAN BE A PROOF OF AN ANCIENT ADVANCE CIVILIZATION?

ANY SIGN OF ADVANCE CULTURE FROM THE ANCIENT TIME, LIKE A GREAT MONUMENT

SITUS

METHODOLOGY

Remote sensing Surface Geology Archeology Geomagnetic Ground Penetrating Radar Electrical Resistivity Seismic Tomography Bor sampling LAB: Petrology, Carbon dating, etc Architectural analysis

SINGGASANA (THRONE)

MAHKOTA DUNIA (CROWN OF THE WORLD)

MASIGIT

NATURAL: Orientation of column at righ angle to bedding diameters of columns are similar size no filling between columns (tights)

Un-natural pile of rock columns

GIANT CAUSEWAY NORTH IRELAND, UK

DATA FROM BALAI ARKEOLOGI TRENCHING YEAR 2005 ON TERRACE 1

TERLIHAT ADA LAPISAN SUSUNAN BATU KOLOM ARAH SESUAI DENGAN YANG TERLIHAT DI DINDING LUAR, JUGA DIBUNGKUS/DIISI DIANTARANYA OLEH MATERIAL HALUS YANG DISEBUT OLEH BALAR/ARKENAS SEBAGAI KERAK LEMPUNG ALAMIAH (= BUKAN SEMEN) . LAPISAN BATU KOLOM DI BAWAH TANAH INI DIANGGAP SUMBER BATUAN ALAMIAHNYA

ARCHEOLOGICAL TEST PIT, DR. ALI AKBAR, UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA 2013 - TTRM

SOILS WITH CHUNKS OF COLUMNAR ROCKS BURIED THE CONSTRUCTIONS

Drill CORE 1 TERRACE 3

DRILL_CORE 1 1 2

LAYERS OF COLUMNAR ROCKS AS ABOVE

3A

3B

15 M DEPTH

MASSIF LAVA

NORTH ----- SOUTH

Terrace-2 RAMP

Terrace-3

Terrace-4

Terrace-5 0 5 10 15 20 m

Terrace-1

GPR Section From North to South crossing the Site

GSSI Sir-20 with MLF Antenna 40 MHz

RESISTIVITY SECTION NORTH to SOUTH

TONGGONG SELUT

ELUK

LANDEAN

PAPATUK

Water aquifer BEUTEUNG TADAH Spacing Electrode = 8 m, 56 electrode

Layer-1 Layer-2 Layer-3 Layer-4

Spacing Electrode = 3 m, 112 electrode

BEDROCK GEOLOGY

PALEOSOIL PRE-LAYER 4

THE CAVE MAY BE INITIALLY FORMED AS NATURAL LAVA TUNNEL

BEDROCK GEOLOGY

PALEOSOIL PRE-LAYER 4

BANGUNAN LAYER 1 BANGUNAN LAYER 2

GUNUNG PADANG

GEO-ELECTRIC 3D SURVEY 23 Januari 2012

VERY HIGH RESISTIVITY BODIES

NO TOPOGRAPHY CORRECTION

GUNUNG PADANG

GEO-ELECTRIC 3D SURVEY 23 Januari 2012

VERY HIGH RESISTIVITY BODIES

AFTER TOPOGRAPHY CORRECTION

SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY SURVEY

DR.ENG BAGUS ENDAR

CHAMBER

Velocity Awal 418m/s

Frekuensi 1552Hz (Iterasi 311) 1.29 m

PENAMPANG GEOLISTRIK BARAT - TIMUR

CHAMBER

DRILL CORE-1
4-5 m

CARBON DATING

BATAN: 6700 BP Carbon age = ~ Cal.BC 4700

11.15 m

BETA ANALITIC= 13.510 BP Carbon age = ~ Cal.BC 14.780

16m

DRILL CORE 2
BATAN: 2500 yr BP/500 yr BC

CARBON DATING
BETA ANALITIC 8710 BP Carbon age = ~ Cal.BC 7720 BETA ANALITIC 22.770 BP Carbon age = ~ Cal.BC 25.040-25.920 BATAN: 13.600 BP Carbon age = ~ Cal.BC 11.600 BETA ANALITIC= 19.400 BP Carbon age = ~ Cal.BC 21.350

3.90 m

7.5 m 8-10 m 11.30 m

INITIAL ARCHITECTURE DESIGN OF LAYER 1

SUNGAI CIKUTA

PON PURAJATNIKA, 2000

INITIAL ARCHITECTURE MODEL OF LAYER 2

Design By PON PURAJATNIKA

INITIAL ARCHITECTURE MODEL OF LAYER 2

Design By PON PURAJATNIKA

SIGNIFICANCE OF GUNUNG PADANG TO THE PRE-HISTORY OF INDONESIA & ASIAN CULTURES

MODELS OF THE PRE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION OF INDONESIA AND ASIA

A. Out of Taiwan/ OOT (Robert Blust & Peter Bellwood,1995 - Linguistics) B. Nusantao Maritim Trading and Communication Network / NMTCN (Wilhelm Solheim,2000 - archeology) & Out of Sundaland (S. Oppenheimer & Martin Richards Genetics & Anthropology)

SEA-LEVEL CHANGES AND DISSASTERS IN THE PAST 20.000 YEARS AND THE MISTERY OF HUMAN DECLINE AND GROWTH
Present Seal Level

Sea-level 11,000 BP

Sea-level 20,000 BP

INTENSE VOLCANISMS ?
Modern world

Early Prehistoric

Late Prehistoric
Oldest Pyramid

0 AD

ANCIENT SUNDALAND

North Sunda River

South Sunda River

Referensi :http://sahultime.monash.edu.au/explore.html

PRESENT INDONESIA ISLAND ARC

MALAYSIA

KALIMANTAN SULAWESI

JAWA

Referensi :http://sahultime.monash.edu.au/explore.html

CONCLUDING REMARKS
TO UNDERSTAND BARELY KNOWN PREHISTORIC CULTURES WE NEED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE CONCEPT OF LIFE AND NATURAL CYCLES EMERGING EVIDENCES OF ADVANCE CULTURES PRE-HISTORIC TIME, SUCH AS GUNUNG PADANG CASE, PROVES OUR CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF OUR ANCESTORS IS INACCURATE TO STUDY EVIDENCE SUCH AS LARGE MONUMENT OF ANCIENT CULTURES NEED INTEGRATED MUKTI DISIPLINARY FIELDS AND STATE OF ART TECHNIQUES