Assignment no: 8.

Euler and Modified Euler equation to solve

tial Equations

Differen-

Method:1 Solving Differential equation by NDSolve function

clear@ppD
clear@ppD
pp = NDSolve@8y '@tD t ^ 2 + Hy@tDL ^ 2 - 1, y@- 2D - 2<, y, 8t, - 2, 2<D
88y InterpolatingFunction@88- 2., 2.<<, <>D<<

plt@1D = Plot@Evaluate@y@tD . ppD, 8t, - 2, 2<, PlotStyle 8Orange, Thick<D

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clear@modiefiedeulerD
clear@modiefiedeulerD
modifiedeuler@f_, 8x_, x0_, xn_<, 8y_, y0_<, steps_D :=
Block@8xold = x0, yold = y0, sollist = 88x0, y0<<, x, y, h<, h = N@Hxn - x0L stepsD;
Do@xnew = xold + h;
fold = f . 8x xold, y yold<;
ynew = yold + Hh 2L * HHfoldL + f . 8x xold + h, y yold + h * fold<L;
sollist = Append@sollist, 8xnew, ynew<D;
xold = xnew;
yold = ynew, 8steps<D;
Return@sollistDD

Assignment 8.nb

solution = heun@x ^ 2 + y ^ 2 - 1, 8x, - 2, 2<, 8y, - 2<, 20D

98- 2, - 2<, 8- 1.8, - 1.04<, 8- 1.6, - 0.537726<, 8- 1.4, - 0.253993<, 8- 1.2, - 0.1073<,
8- 1., - 0.0621201<, 8- 0.8, - 0.0973579<, 8- 0.6, - 0.193606<, 8- 0.4, - 0.327991<,
8- 0.2, - 0.47472<, 9- 2.77556 10-16, - 0.60954=, 80.2, - 0.714329<, 80.4, - 0.778617<,
In[77]:=

80.6, - 0.797869<, 80.8, - 0.770441<, 81., - 0.694706<, 81.2, - 0.566662<,

81.4, - 0.377375<, 81.6, - 0.108672<, 81.8, 0.276739<, 82., 0.863166<=

plt@3D = ListPlot@%7,
PlotStyle Directive@RGBColor@0., 0.95, 0.09D, AbsoluteThickness@2.D, DashedD,
Joined TrueD

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Out[77]=

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euler@f_, 8t_, t0_, tn_<, 8y_, y0_<, steps_D :=

euler@f_, 8t_, t0_, tn_<, 8y_, y0_<, steps_D :=

Block@8told = t0, yold = y0, sollist = 88t0, y0<<, t, y, h<, h = N@Htn - t0L stepsD;
Do@tnew = told + h;
ynew = yold + h * Hf . 8t told, y yold<L;
sollist = Append@sollist, 8tnew, ynew<D;
told = tnew;
yold = ynew, 8steps<D;
Return@sollistDD
solution1 = euler@t ^ 2 + y ^ 2 - 1, 8t, - 2, 2<, 8y, - 2<, 20D

98- 2, - 2<, 8- 1.8, - 0.6<, 8- 1.6, - 0.08<, 8- 1.4, 0.23328<, 8- 1.2, 0.436164<,
8- 1., 0.562212<, 8- 0.8, 0.625428<, 8- 0.6, 0.63166<, 8- 0.4, 0.583459<,
8- 0.2, 0.483544<, 9- 2.77556 10-16, 0.338307=, 80.2, 0.161197<, 80.4, - 0.0256058<,
80.6, - 0.193475<, 80.8, - 0.313988<, 81., - 0.36627<, 81.2, - 0.33944<,
81.4, - 0.228396<, 81.6, - 0.0259629<, 81.8, 0.286172<, 82., 0.750551<=

Assignment 8.nb

plt@2D = ListPlot@%19, PlotStyle

Directive@RGBColor@1., 0., 0.56D, AbsoluteThickness@3.D, DashedD, Joined TrueD
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In[78]:=

plt11 = Show@8plt@1D, plt@2D<, plt@3DD

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Out[78]=

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From these three graphs it is evident that the modified eulers method is perfect match to the
analytical solution obtained from Mathematica but there is significant error if soultion is obtained
from Eulers method.