You are going to read three extracts which are all concerned in some way with extraterrestrial life.

For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

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part of the exam tests your

a

;=reral understanding of
-1ole short

Wanted:

text or text

:'ganisation, and some :-estions may also focus on

r?lails. Read each text through - order to get the general :=aning before attempting the
:,; estions.

Assistant Editor for new science publication

Are you o science enthusiost with o journollstic floir? Or perhops you ore o journolist with o possion for science? f so, then you could be the person we ore looking forl

-cok at key words in each :uestion and see how they '.late to the relevant part of --re text.The text may use ::frerent words from those that .opear in the questions and :1swer options. Look for 3:rrases in the text which :3nvey the same meaning as trre of the options. The option ,'ou choose must express the same idea as that which -ppears in the text.
be immediately

be lounching ls There Anybody Out There?, o monthly science mogozine speciolising in osirobiology ond ostrophysics, lt will report on the lotest reseorch ond findings regording the study of life in the universe, We ore looking for o creotive ond lnnovotive Assistoni Edltor to he p develop o mogozine thot will be occessible to ihe loymon,
ln September we will

Job description
The Assistoni Editor will

be expected to propose ideos for stories ond feoture orticles ond be involved in some of ihe initiol reseorch, He or she will be responsible for editing the news stories ond help to set up the mogozine's web site, This will include online oriicles ond informotion services,
Quolificotions required The suitoble condidote will hove o Bochelor's degree in iournolism or science, ond preferobly some knowledge of ostrobiology ond/or ostrophysics, He or she will be fomilior with stondord office computer softwore ond will demonstrote creotive writing skills, The obility to hondle stress ond meet tight deodllnes is of the utmost importonce.
lf you think you fulfil these requirements ond ore interested, send us your resume with o covering letter exploining why you think you wou d be suiioble for the job,

Olestion 1:The answer to this

:-:stion may not

::.:ous. What

is the magazine

:-,'rng to do, according to the :: . edisement? You may find it -=:fulto eliminate the incorrect

.:'ions first.

0uestion 2: Notice the word -:-.:st' in the question stem. lt is - Dortant that the completed :-=stion stem conveys the same -aaning as that expressed in the
:=XI.

The new magazine aims to A attract a readership of non-specialists. B publish articles about life on Ear1h. C conduct research into astrobiology. D develop an interest in general science.
2

A B C D

To be considered for the job, a candidate must have experience as a journalist.

know about specialist software. be able to work under pressure. have studied astrobiology or astrophysics.

Test 1

),

PAPER

Reading ),. fai"i,

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ffi$xm#ilttryt f,f,pr
Ouestion 3: Fead the oPtions carefully and compare them with what is expressed in the relevant part of the text' Look for a word in the text that expresses the idea of 'flaw'. Ouestion 4: Concentrate on the key words in the question.

Life in the flniverse

UntiI recentty, we have confined ourselves to our own solar system in the search for Life, partty because we have not had evidence for the existence of other sotar systems. Furthermore, our telescopes have not been powerful enough to detect planets. But not long ago, a technique was deveLoped that could ascertain re[iab[y whether stars have p[anets orbiting them. Basical.Ly, this technique relies upon our abitity to detect with some degree of precision how much Light a star is giving off. If this changes for a brief period, it is probably because a Large object - a ptanet - is passing in front of it. At first, the technique coutd only establish the existence of a very large planet with an elLipticaL orbit that brought ii into close proximity to the star. This was one of the Limitations of the technique: Life cou[d not exist on such Large ptanets. Furthermore, the orbit of the pLanet wouLd precLude the possibiLity of other, sma[[er p[anets orbiting the same star. Therefore, that particular planetary system could be effectivel.y ruled out in terms of the search for [ife.
However, astronomers using an Anglo-American telescope in New South Wates now believe they have pinpointed a planetary system which resembLes our own. For the first time, they have identified a large planet,

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twice the size of Jupiter, orbiting a star Like the sun, at much the same distance from its parent star as Jupiter is from the sun. And this is the vital point about their discovery: there js at least a theoreticat possibitity that sma[Ler planets cou[d be orbiting inside the orbit of this planet.

According to the article, the initial flaw in the technique for detecting new planets lay in A its inability to determine how much light a star was emitting' B the fact that it could detect large objects passing in front of a star. C its dependence on the amount of light that was emitted by a star. D its inability to detect a planet where life could exist. What is important about the recent discovery in New South Wales? A Astronomers have discovered a planet which resembles Jupiter. B Smaller planets may exist within the new planetary system. C The new planet lies as far from its star as Jupiter does from the sun' D There is a possibility that life exists on this new planet.

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does the writer actually say the use of special effects in

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The Sci-Fi Film Festivalretrospective begins this week, and science buffs and UFO enthusiasts might do a lot worse than go and see Zemeckis's 7997 classic, Contact, starring Jodie Fosier. Foster plays a research scientist called Ellie Arroway who intercepts a message from outer space. This message indicates the existence of intelligent life and it triggers a whole chain of exfuaordinary events. The film is based on the novel by the celebrated astronomer Carl'Sagan. Its strength lies in the fact that it manages to retain much of the power and cornpelling natui"e of the book;:while at the same time maintaining a relatively high level of technical accuracy. This is largely thanks to Sagan's involvement in the making of ihe film. As many of you may know, Sagan died before the film was completed.

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The main plot, concerning the discovery of the message, the struggle to interpret i!, and the eventual contact betrveen humans and aliens, is interwoven with the intrigues that arise from the ambitions of scientists,
politicians and industtialists for fame and power.
As is usually the case with Zemeckis, special effects are used both creatively
andr effectively, serving to enhance the plot rather than swamp

E]:

s;
+-

ii, and there

are fine performances, particularly by Ms Foster, Matthew McConaughey, James Woods and Tom Skerritt. While ihe method with which Arrowqy receives the alien communication is a far cry from the advanced technology

actually in operation, the story is nevertheless convincing, and contributed to a renewed interest in UFOs and the search for extraterreskial life.

A B C D A B C D

The review suggests that one reason the film is so convincing is because Jodie Foster is a very fine actress. an astronomer was involved in its creation. it used accurate techniques. it was directed by Zemeckis. ln the reviewer's opinion, the special effects are the most imporlant aspect of the film. effectively suffocate the plot. are used to the film's advantage. enhance the actors' performances.

flrqtr Test

1 >F PAPER

Reading >F {s6}!t'tr

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You are going to read a newspaper article. Six paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap 17-12\. There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.
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Regent's Park in central London was recently the site of a festival of music and fruit, marking the fifth bitlhday of lnnocent, the drinks company set up by three college friends who wanted to bring a bit of nature to the table. It all began five years ago, when Adam Balon, Richard Reed and Jon Wright were contemplating starting their own business.They took 500 pounds worth of fruit to a

don't, especially when you live in a city and it's pints of lager and a kebab at the end of the night. We just thought, "Wouldn't it be great to make it easy for people to get hold of this natural fresh goodness?" Then at least you've got one healthy habit in a world of bad
ones.'

music festival in west London, made a huge batch of smoothies - fruit drinks blended with milk and yoghur-t - and asked their customers for a verdict. Looking back, they now admit that they were amazingly naive about starting a business, thinking it would just

{0.r.

In essence, explains Jon, lnnocent plans to simply

freeze some of its smoothies, possibly with a bit of egg thrown in to make it all stick together. To help testers make up their minds about which combinations work, the yes and no bins will be dusted off and put out again.
i1,1'
D

take off once they had the recipes and packaging

figured out. ln fact, the three budding businessmen had nine months living on credit cards and overdrafts before they sold their first smoothie.
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every three months to talk about what we want out of : the business and we are all in the same place. So as ; long as we are excited and challenged and proud of business, we are going to want to be a part of it.'
l:Z:

'You've just got to put that in the category of "never say neverl' says Richard. 'But the three of us go away once

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The appeal of lnnocent's products lies in their pure, unadulterated ingredients, plus a dash of quirky advertising. As one campaign put it, their drinks are not made from fruit, they are fruit. lnnocent's refusal to compromise on this point presented them with some problems when they first started talking to potential suppliers, Adam says. This was when they discovered the truth about the majority of so-called 'natural fruit
d

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'We have got annoyed with each other,' admits Adam. 'But the areas we have had fallings-out over are things where we each think we hare reasons to be right. So ii's been about really important stuff like the col"orr of the floor, the colour of the entrance, or what to paint the pillar.' 'We really did nearly jump on each other about thati adds Jon. 'Was it going to be blue or green?'

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'Naivety', adds Richard, who is always ready with a soundbite, 'can be a great asset in business because you challenge the status quo.' Although lnnocent's drinks are fiendishly healthy, the company has always been very careful not to preach. 'Everyone knows what they're supposed to doi says Richard. 'But we just
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Despite the temptation

to do so, they have so far

'efused all offers.This might not last. of course, but while it does. it will have positive consequences for the fruit drinks market.

working and make these things?" We had a bin that said yes and a bin that said no, and at the end ofthe weekend the yes bin was full of empty bottles. We all went in to work the next day and quit.'
E They also seem to have managed to stay friends. They still take communal holidays, and the fact that

B At the Regent's

Park event the team tried out one of

their new ideas -

into desserts. 'We always try and

extending their range of products

ihis problem of Sunday evenings when you

develop something that we actually want, and for us there is

sit down with a DVD and a big tub of ice cream and it's nice to munch through it, but my God, is it bad for youi Richard adds.

each member of the team brings a different and complementary set of skills to lnnocent seems to

have helped them avoid any big bust-ups over

strategy.

F lnnocent now employs 46 people and FruitTowers as they call their base - has slowly expanded along the line of industrial units. The company'has managed to establish a dominant position in the face of fierce competition. This year lnnocent

sof
just
rple

C Most are made from concentrated juice with water

rat
bad
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I

- and perhaps sweeteners, colours and creservatives - added. 'We didn't even know about
:hat when we startedi Adam explains. 'lt was when
',ve started talking

to people and they

said, "OK,

rve'll use orange concentrate/' and we said, "What's

became Britain's leading brand of smoothie, selling aboul 40ok of the 50 million downed annually by British drinkers.

concentrate?" and they explained it and we said, "No, we want orange juicel' '

G Having created a successful business from

rply
egg
te rs

D We originally wrote this massive long

questionnaire,' says Richard. 'But then we thought, if you're at this festival and it's sunny, the last thing you want is to fill out a survey. So we decided to keep it simple and ask literally, "Should we stop

ork,

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this go and to sell up and a temptation is there base, live on a deseft island? With consumers becoming increasingly concerned about what they put in their stomachs, premium brands such as lnnocent are worlh a lot of money to a potential buyer.

say
nCe

rt of

Essenliol tips
) fnis part of the exam tests your understanding of how
a

)as
'the

::xt

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am. ngs r it's

is organised and, in particular, how paragraphs relate tc each other. For example, a paragraph might give details 3bout an idea mentioned or discussed in a previous caragraph, or it may present another side of an argument l.scussed in a previous paragraph.

When you have found a paragraph that may fill a gap, read the paragraph that comes before it and the one that comes after it to see that they fit together.
Re-read the completed text and make sure it makes sense.
i

) Eead
)

the the

through the main text quickly to get a general idea of ,*hat it is about. Don't worry if there are words or phrases .;ou don't understand. Find the main idea in each paragraph. Look for links between the main text and the gapped paragraphs.The gapped paragraph may have links either to the paragraph before it or to the paragraph after it, or erren to both.

Ouestion 7:The last sentence in the previous paragraph describes how Balon, Reed and Wright 'asked their customers for a verdict'. Which gapped paragraph describes how customers gave their opinion? Ouestion 9:The previous paragraph ends with 'This was when they discovered the truth about the majority of socalled "natural fruit drinks" '. Look for a gapped paragraph which describes this 'truth'. Question 11: In the paragraph following the gap, one of the owners of lnnocent implies that something seems unlikely because he and his colleagues are still a good team' Which gapped paragraph poses a question which this paragraph
answers?

lout

) -ook for theme and language links. For example: . references to people, places and times.
. words or phrases that refer back
or forward to another word, phrase or idea in the text. For example, if the first Iine of a paragraph says something like'This becomes clear when we look at ...', 'This' refers back to something expressed in the previous paragraph. linking devices such as 'firstly'. 'secondly', 'furthermore', 'on the other hand', 'however'.These will help you to find connections between paragraphs.

TEStl

PAPERl Reading

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You are going to read a magazine article. For questions 13-19, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

The Beauties of the Stone Age

lane Howard views some works of ancient art

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have iust come home after viewing some astonishing works of art that were recently discovered in Church Hole cave in Nottinghamshire. They are not drawings,

as one would expect, but etchings, and they depict a huge

expectations of the researchers. They had been looking for the usual type of cave drawing or painting, which shows up best under direct light. Consequently, th6y used powerful torches, shining them straight onto the rock face.
However, the Church Hole images are nrodifications of the rock itsell and show up best when seen from a certain angle in the natural light of early morning. Having been fortunate to see them at this hour, I can only say that I was deeply - and unexpectedly moved. While most cave aft often seems to have been created in a shadowy past very remote from us, these somehow convey the impression -, that they were made yesterday.

range of wild animals. The artists who created them lived around 13,000 years ago, and the images are remarkable on a variety of counts. First of all, their sheer number is staggering: there are ninety all told. Moreover, fifty-eight of them are on the ceiling. This is extremely rare in cave art, according to a leading expert, Dr Wilbur Samson of Central Midlands University. 'Wall pictures are the norm,' he says. 'But more importantly, the Church Hole etchings are an incredible artistic achievement. They can hold their own in comparison with the best found in continental Europe.'I am not a student of the subject, so I have to take his word for it. However, you do not have to be an expert to appreciate their beauty.

Dr

Samson feels that

the Iighting factor

provides

ln fact, it is the wider significance of the etchings that is likely to attract most attention in academic circles, since they radically alter our view of life in Britain during this epoch. lt had previously been thought that ice-age hunters in this country were isolated from people in more central areas of Europe, but the Church Hole images prove that ancient Britons were paft of a culture that had spread right across the continent. And they were at least as sophisticated culturally as their counterpafts on the
mainland.

important information about the likely function of these works of art. 'l think the artists knew very well that the etchings would hardly be visible except early in the morning. We can therefore deduce that the chamber was used for rituals involving animal worship, and that they were conducted iust after dawn, as a preliminary to the
day's hunting.'

However, such ideas are controversial

in the world of

archaeology and human origins. Dr Olivia Caruthers of the

Reardon Institute remains unconvinced that the function of the etchings at Church Hole can be determined with any certainty.'When we know so little about the social life of early humans, it would be foolish to insist on any rigid interpretation. We should, in my view, begin by tentatively assuming that their creators were motivated in part by aesthetic considerations - while of course being prepared to modify this verdict at a later date, if and when new evidence emerges.'

News of such exciting discoveries spreads rapidly, and thanks to the lnternet and mobile phones, a great many people probably knew about this discovery within hours of the initial expedition returning. As a result, some etchings may already have been damaged, albeit inadvertently, by eager visitors. ln a regrettably late response, the site has been cordoned off with a high, rather intimidating fence, and warning notices have been posted.

I can only add that I felt deeply privileged to have been able to view Church Hole. lt is a site of tremendous importance culturally and is part of the
To which
heritage, not only of this country, but the world as a wlrole.

An initial suruey of the site last year failed to reveal the presence of the etchings. The reason lies in the

:l12
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13 According to the text, the images in Church

aft
:e exarrllests

Hole cave are

il**erstanding gf
t*e,views and
es@Eessed.

A B C D

unique examples of ceiling art. particularly beautiful cave paintings. superior in quality to other cave art in Britain. aesthetically excePtional.

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flen t $jerry
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text quicklY

'14 What is the cultural significance of these images? A They indicate that people from central Europe had settled in Britain.

or B&rases.you don't fallow the:order

B C D

They prove that ancient Britons hunted over large areas. They reveal the existence of a single ice-age culture in Europe. They suggest that people in Europe were more sophisticated than Britons'

or
,us

Fead each q{-restion sl+:a.earetulJy and S:el<ey.words. qleetiar*- rone.

15 According to the text,

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A B C D

the discovery of the images should not have been made public. the images in the cave are vulnerable to damage many people visited the cave within hours of its discovery the measures taken to protect the images have proved ineffective.

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the ascrdsof the text.

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16

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A B C D

Why were the images not discovered during the initial survey? They were not viewed from the right angle. People were not expecting to find any images. Arlificial light was used to explore the cave. The torches used were too powerful.

17 What conclusions does Dr Samson draw from the lighting factor?

es se
he he a5 e!, he

t3: i;l.apli+n.aan only' if allthe iflforrnetion

:.* it is aecurate, Look at a.e.:*e:irnases in '*nigue exarnples of

A B C D

in animal worship. Rituals are "6'mmon The artists never intended to make the images visible. The images were intended to be visible at a certain time of day' lce-age hunters worshipped animals in the cave.

i=re'in cav.e art'- is

,tejd,says.,they ere

18

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7

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of
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According to Dr Caruthers, A we cannot make inferences from cave ar1. B the images in Church Hole do not serve any parlicular function. C experts know nothing about life 13,000 years ago. D the function of such images is open to question.

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knew discovery within hours
eNpedition:+eturning',

19

A B C D

It seems that the writer can now envisage the life of ice-age hunters more vividly. was profoundly impressed by the images in the cave. has now realised the true significance of cave ar1. thinks the images should receive more publicity.

sai*e.as.84!4ng many visited, the' cave withi n

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hAVe

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before,of Efter the !6er+taken?

text: Be eareful: the meaning in the text is not necessarihr the same as that in the answer options. llere, option D says the hunters 'worshipped animals in' the eave', butthe text.$ays the
.cave
v1r'as

used

for'rituals

13:.S+rnetirnes yeu will Lo-m,theoplions in the

involving animal wsrshipi whieh is not the same thjng.

fl,qE Test

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Reading >& Pfrt't s

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You are going to read a newspaper article containing reviews of performances' For questions 20-34, choose from the reviews (A-D). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet'

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ln which review are the following stated?

Performers worked seasonally at one time. The venue did not allow for a performance of a particular art form.
20 ............... 21 .. . ...........

The performance reminded the writer of an unusual performance he had once enjoYed.
The performers were free to devise their own programme' The performers had been recommended to the writer'

22...............
23 ............... 24 ...............

The behaviour of the performers was contrary to the writer's expectations. The performance challenged the conventions of an art form'
Performances of this sort used to be very popular. The performance prompted someone to reconsider a prejudice about an aft form. The performance had unexpectedly sophisticated requirements'

25 ............... 26 .:............. 27 ...............

28 .._............ 29 ............... 30 ............... 31 ...............

An element of the performance was distressingly realistic.

One of the artists performed despite a handicap.

The performance comprised a number of extracts from various works. The performers derived pleasure from audience participation'
One participant revealed an unexpected talent.

32 ............... 33 ............... 34 ...............

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Reading >h Pmrttr

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Fe[ix Masterson decided to engage artists to put on performances in his own home for his famity's private enjoyment. Here is his report.

A 0pera Recitat For the first of our 'home performances' we decided

on opera, a form of art that especially moves me. The other art form that I adore - ballet - could hardly be performed in the confined space of a normal house, no matter how much ingenuity was employed! My wife and I were particularly looking forward to the performance by Footstool Opera, a touring company that specialises in mounting productions in confined spaces, often coming up with a programme to order as suits the occasion. When I was planning the event, I imagined the opera company would bring with them a high-quality sound system of some sort to provide musical accompaniment, but the manager informed me that all they required was'a piano in good working order'. I hastily arranged for our ancient upright to be tuned, and to my relief, pianist Antonia Holmes pronounced it entirely satisfactory when she tested the instrument before the performance. We had made

work only during the summer months'J Consequently,

there are, according to the theatrical agencies I contacted, none of the old-fashioned puppeteers left. However, I did manage to find a puppet theatre company called Little Man Theatre that inclucled
traditional Punch and Judy shows in its repertoire, so I went ahead and booked them. They arrived with a surprising number of boxes and cases. Naively, I had expected a miniature theatre to require a minimal amount of equipment. In this case, the size of the
venue did indeed present a problem, though the nature of the difficulty was the reverse of what I had feared. We actually had some trouble making out the words of the crocodile character, largely - I suspect - because

William Daniels, one of the two puppeteers, was

clear that no particular requirements would be imposed upon the performers. so they gave us a medley of familiar pieces from popular operas, and my daughter - who had previously been of the view that opera was unspeakably idiotic - was entranced. If I were to be brutally honest, I would have to say that the performers, apart from one tenor, were not in the top class. But I don't imagine many people would notice this, and it certainly didn't detract from our en joyment of the evening.

it

suffering from a terrible cold, complete with high fever and a voice virtually reduced to a croak. Like a true pro, though, he struggled through the performance bravely. And once the first act was under way, I began to appreciate why so many props were needed. This wasn't Punch and Judy as I remembered it but a

twenty-first century version of the story, requiring a staggering number of scene changes. A breathtaking performance, and though I felt sad at the demise of the old-time favourites, our children enjoyed it immensely.
C Jazz Concert

I had initially set myself the task of finding performers of whom I knew absolutely nothing, simply by sitting down with the Yellow Pages, when a colleague of my
wife's started raving about a particular jazz ensemble. It seemed churlish to do otherwise than engage them and The Hot Jazz Quintet turned out to be a group of highly professional musicians who appeared to make a point of being scrupulously polite and tidy. It was as though the stereotype image of the egocentric musician were being overturned in front of my very eyes: a surprising experience for anyone old enough to have seen The Who smash their instruments live
onstage several clecades ago.

B Puppet Show Having grown up with that curiously British phenomenon of puppet theatre, the Punch and Judy show, I was determined to find one of the traditional practitioners of the art and secure his services. Alas,
times have changed. There was once a time when no seaside resort in the country was complete without a Punch and Judy show on the pier, but today puppet theatre of this sort can hardly compete with video games at holiday resorts. Besides, who can afford to

Testl)

PAPERl

Reading)

151
l
I

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Despite being required

in

such close proximity

to

the

musicians, it had not occurred to me that we would be

.saxophone player handed my son a set of bongo drums and invited him to join in. Ar luck would have it, Mike is a percussionist with his sehool orchestra. and he was able to acqrrit himself creditatrly, to the delight of the professionals performing for us. Not being a connoisseur of this type of rntsic myself, I had fiankly not been prepared to enjoy this evening as

to adopt a more active role until the

is not normally presented on a stage, either. Thebasic idea is that amurder is 'committed' just out of sight of the audience. After the 'body'i.s found, the task of the audience is to work out who the murderer is by

A few moments after the actors had arrived, when we

were still under the impression that preparations were being made for the performance, a piercing scream caused us all to rush out into the hall. Thete we

much as the other members of my family. This

perhaps makes it more of a trihute to the Quintet that

forrrra myself getting quite carried' away intricate rhythms and spectacular: solos, i

by

the

D,trlurder Mystery Theatre We invited Murder Incorporated, a theatre company

that specialises in murder mysteries, to perform Deaflt Calls for u$, and to those of you who have n{t beeil initiated in the wortings'of 'murder mystery theatre', q word of explanation is needed. This is no ordinary production. In fact; one could claim that it doesn't ieally come under the category of theatre at all, and it

stumbled - literatly - over a body oozing fake blood that was so convincing it almost caused my wile to faint. Yes, it had started. As we followed the actors around the house for scenes in various locations, we tried to work out who the murderer could be. It was a. fascinating experience, and I have,to report that my

wife proved to be a brillianl sleuth, solving the

mystery.in record time. DeathCallswas a masterpiece of condensed theatre that had me londly recalling a production of 2007, ASpaceOdyssey at the Fdinburgh

Fringe Festival, which featured a cast of two, an audience of two and an old car as fhe venue. Highly

recolrmended.
j

flAE Test 1 >F PAPER

Reacling >& pfirt4

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 180-220 words in an appropriate style.
titi,i
r
"i,

l;li

1 The NorlhgateTown Planning Department has announced that it intends to build houses on a piece of open land called Northgate Common.
You have been asked by the local residents'committee to write an article for the local newspaper in response to the announcement, explaining why you are opposed to the plan. Read the announcement below, on which you have made notes, and write the arlicle.

NoRTHGATE COMMON
Consultation?
When?

Alter eslsulIa[ion with local residents, the Northgate Town

Planning Department hereby announces that planning permission

- ..-- has been granted lor a housing project on the area ,ri q1urfiJrnd
/---.'--.=--:5u

Not unusad' parkLand for

spor+s, children

Onlg 3 rv,onths

known as Northgate Common. Work is scheduled to begin in

Septemher oI this year.

plaging,

waLks,

atc

awag, shouLd have baen toLd aarliar!

Cheap housing.' for locaL

r_*"--,"-_--<

--*.
private residences wiil cover 627o of the common,

-/

12 semi-detached

and the remaining 38% will be developed into private gardens for the use of the residents.

peopla?

n?i\

-".--;
Now write your article,

Whg

not

pubLic

qardans?

ffisuumfrfiryt
)

*fip*

When you write an article, think carefully about the appropriate register and tone for the question you are answering. What publication is the arlicle for? Who is going to read your article? article, you must describe 'the situation'. What information should you give? ls ii necessary io mention who 'you' are in this arlicle?

) ln your
)

Think carefully about why you are writing the article. What effect do you want it to have on readers?What do you hope to achieve by writing it? Do you want to convince readers about anything?Think about the language you will need to achieve this goal. The handwritten comments next to the announcement provide you with information, but you need to expand them into sentences. For example, the first comment is'Consultation? When?' How could you express the idea conveyed by these words in a full sentence?

18

TeSt 1

>i

PAPER

2 Writing ;',

|t;144

"i

Write an answer to one of the questions 2-5 in this part. Write your answer in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

ild

2 You see the following announcement in

competition:

a trave! magazine and decide

to enter the

the

Ersentiol fips
" r :-=-: ,'ou must choose one ::, -: .',3ver, you should be -: - :- ,r-ith all the possible - :=-. :' :ext you might need to . :;.:
==-

FREE TRAVEL

IN EUROPE!

Are you under the age of 25? Are you interested in travelling around Europe?
Write to us explaining why travelling is good for young people, and indicate how you yourself would expect to benefit from a trip around EuroPe.
The writer of the best entry will win a free EuropeRail

... , - - -self if you know i --;-,ocabularyonthe l -: can employ it in the ':: =:: =nd
- '=r register and text type.
questions you have

-'=

=,:1 question carefully.

,3\.t cnoose a question,

rnonthlY travel

Pass.

' - --='12
en

s, atc.

- - -= 'raedom to use your .aiion and come up with -.: --ation

---

Send your entry to:

EuropeRail, P.O. Box 242, London

Write your competition entrY.

that is not in the

-:

^raterial.
2

-' :-:ion

'-

-:,;gh the word

is not

- =-: cned in the question, you :-: ::.ng asked to write an n- : : expressrng your oprnlons. D -- -. about the style that .r:- d be appropriate: formal,
.

3 You have seen the following announcement in an international magazine:

=- r-formal or informal?

, -- = ruestion makes it clear -:: vou should concentrate on ,', : aspects of travel: (a) why it

Modern technology: saving our time or wasting our money?

Does modern technologv tealll- malie our lives easiet, or are the machines and devices u'e buY a rvaste of money? V/e u,ant to knou'u,'hat vou thinh.

--

,,,,rld benefit. This suggests

=: ,::r

(b) how you =portant and the two main sections of afticle should be about
aspects.

.-:se r

: :r

:: ensure you include as many

-:ievant points as possible.

carefully what to say in =ach pad of your answer to =. oid repeating yourself, and

\{'rite an article, giving at least nvo examples of r-rseful machines ot devices and trvo examples of machines ot der.ices that s..e could easilr, do
rvithout.

) 'lJ also need an introduction a conclusion. What could 'rd . cu say here?
I
iemember that you should use . our imagination - when you :xplain what you would like to ro on a journey, for instance.
Make sure you have enough ::me to check your answer.

Write your article.

TeStl
L

>

PAPER2

writing )

'

ir:rir'i

il

19
!

youth organisation:

Read the following extract from a letter that you received from an international

\We are conducting a sLlryey ori the

impotance of

ffiffiffiffitrn#f,ffitr

Mffi

regional culture to young people around the world. Please wrire us a reporr for rhis survey, describing how young people in l our region Feei abour rhe

history and culture

of

that region, and how you think

Ouestion 4 I ln oider to arlswer this question, you must be familiar with the format of a repon.you need to write clear paragraphs and use headings.You may , also want to use other features such as bullet points or numbered lists,

this may change in the

.::l$Fli{ll+rqrys,
.,sqgT.,E--?-

future

.t
il,

ii

l#qe.riElfintlE-El f,B.:tl+r$4F;tt-fi+ar+tff-Efrit{e*r,3rE.;+s{?:.:ii*-i+r{.::

Write your r'eport. Answer one of the following two questions based on your reading of one of the set books. Either

Bemember that a,repon must have a clear,introduction and eonclusion as well. In your introduction, state what the repart is about and who it is for. ln your conclusion, Summarise the inforrnation contained in Vour'report. See th.e Writing bank on pdge 216.

5(a) A well-known literary magazine has invited readers to send in reviews of a book they have read recently.you have decided to write a review of the set book, outlining the plot and saying whether or not you would recommend the book to other readers and w.hy. Write your review.
Or

You need to include information about the culture and history of your region, At the ssme time, your. task isto produce a good piece of writing. *o as long as the points you make sound reasonable. they dornot all have to be faetually corect. For , instance, if you want to say that young people in your region are , interested.in the history oJtiris paft of the country, you could invent a survy that shows 6E% of young people saythey are 'very interested' in histo& It doesn't matter il this survey was never actually canied out.

5(b) Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the main characters in your set book, examining their personality and saying whether or not their actions are justified in the story.
Write your essay.-

) The tasks will focus on

character study, the

) For question 5(a), your

re.view

I The question asks you to.give . your opinion ahout howthe

situation may change in the future.Therefore, you can use the first person to say vYhat you think {e.9. 'l think,, tl believe'), bUt,keep the format style rthat is appropriate for a
report.

development of the plot and the main themes within the story. As you read the set book, make notes 0n. charecters' perso nalities. Practise making comparisons between, different cha raeters and also think about why you Iike or dislike them.You must be able to outline the plot and talk about theroes such as greed, arnbition, lovq, hate,
ete.

should outline the plot.Think carefully about what you, fike and dislike about the.book. Even if you like it ver.y muc,h, it might be useful to mention cne weak point; this will make your review sound more convincing and realistic. lf you recornmend it to other readers. you might like to mention what.kind of reader yoil think would enjoy it. e.gr a particular age group, lovers of thrilters, romantic novels, etc.

Ouestion 5

) You may be asked to compare

|,tn this question, you rnay be $ked to writ an essay, a

review; an artiele or a feporl lt is therefore important to practise writirig these text types in relation to your chosen set book
:

'the set boqk with a film that is based on it, especially if the Iatter is well known, so check whether or not there is a film based on the bookyou are reading, and try to ensure that you see it before the exam.

For guestion 5{b}, you need to have a good understanding of . the mein char:acters,Think about the deeisioas they make in the.slory and whether they 'are the right ones. in your opinion. Remamber to support what you 6ay with exarnples from the book.

20

r.ll&fri

Test 1

> il, pApER

2 Writing

> h pffi$t

attona

For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best

fits each gap.There is an example at the beginning

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.
i
I I

(0).

Example:

0
0

Aevent ABCD

Baspect

Cfield

D division

i
I

_l

hffitid iips
,1

hole text to cf what it is

Nature's Glocks
Our biological clocks govern almost every (0) ...... of our lives. Our sensitivity to stimuli (1) ...... overthe course of the day, and our abilityto perform certain functions is subject to fluctuations. Consequently, there is a(n) (2) ...... time for tasks such as making decisions: around the middle of the day. Anything that (3) .....' physical co-ordination, on the other hand, is best attempted in the early evening. What is (4) ...... , there is a dramatic drop in performance if these activities are (5) .'.... out at other times.The risk of accident in a factory, for example,is20% higher during the nisht (6) .......
Primitive humans lived their lives in tune with the daily cycle of light and dark.Today we are (7) ...... convinced that we can impose schedules on our lives at will . Sooner or later, however, we pay a (8) ...... for ignoring our natural rhythms. A good example is jet lag, caused when we confuse our body's biological clocks by (9) '..... several time zones. People suffering from jet lag can take several days to adjust to new time zones, and have a reduced ability to make decisions, which is a worrying thought, as

thlllite

xr=- -:: :: must have .S. lt can also illllllflffi mr--=:x -:.^ mr nE- :- : :--:sa. collocation, 'E!!.0- :--::: .:'O Or
d$iiffimr : -

/s of

f the

llllrmr*q66 2: One of

-: - :: Ccate with 'time'. Of *,* :--=-:--=e options, only one

imi?*

the options

of judgement can be made. And this may be just the serious (10) (11) ...... of the iceberg. An increasinS fl2\ ...... of people suffer from seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a form of depression that can be triggered by living in artificial conditions. SAD can be serious, and sufferers may even need to take
antidepressant drugs.

-= .-:

Rx- -=: -aaning here: 'in e(: -- -- a,'*OriOuer'.

-'::r meaning of 'best'. 1*sa,rr1 4 Oniv one of the :"-:-.':-:s a fixed exoression -:: s' which has the wr ri.1,.

:tuFsan 7: Only one option -: :::::s ,,vith 'convinced'.

:, -31 yOU WOUId - - --. : :-. : - :: describe.

lu.r==on 12: ls 'people' .-. --'.==: oT uncountable?Think

USe eaCh

Amodifies A, peak Arequests Amore Amade Alabour Apowerfully Aprice Alanding 10 Aerrors 11 Apeak 12 Aamount

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Branges B summit Bdemands Belse Bdone Bwork Bfirmly Bfine Bpenetrating Bmistakes Bpinnacle Bquantity

Cvaries C maximum Cdictates Cdifferent Ccarried Cduty Csteadily Cfee Ccrossing

Cinaccuracies

Dwavers D oPtimum Dstipulates

DUP

DPerformed

Dshift Dhighly Dcost Dtravelling

Dfallacies

Ctop Cnumber

DtiP Dpropotlion

Test 1

>

PAPER

Use

of English

>

218
E

For questions 13-27, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.There is an example at the beginninS (O).

Write your answers lN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example:

0l
ffimssnilfrfiryfi
) Read through
)

THERE ] _0...
Facj4Lg

ffipu

the whole text to get a general idea of what it is about.

D"rg"r
(13) (14) . . '.

Antarctica

I
see the last unspoilecl continent,

Decide what word or words in the sentence are grammatically related to the gapped word; this will help you decide what part of speech is needed (auxiliary verb, pronoun, article, preposition etc.). if the word you need is part of a longer or parallel structure such as 'not only ... but also ...'.

Antarctica is becoming a popular tourist destination ancl in the last decacle (0) has been a dramatic increase in visitors to the area.

... tourists simply want to

others have more active pursuits such as adventurc sports in mind.

) Read the whole sentence to see

And of course, there are also those adventurous souls who want to tbllow (15) .. the footsteps of the grear polar erplorers. (16) environmentalists are concerned that the booming tourist industry may (17) endangering the Antarctic environment and sowing
(18)

> lt may be that two or even three words could fit in the gap, so do not assume the word you are thinking of is wrong if you can also think of one or two alternatives.

...

seeds of its own destruction.

One of the probiems facing the area is pollution resulting from tourism. Careless visitors throw rubbish into the sea. not realising (19) .,....... harmful this
can be to wildlife.

(20)

... ... ...

ouestion 13: Read the whole sentence carefully. You will

notice that each half talks about
a certain type of tourist.The

does

second group is referred to as 'others', so what word could be used together with 'tourists' to refer to the first group?

man1, years. And this is a vety real danger: some of the cruise ships visiting Antarctica have not been reinforced

(21) splll(22) ('23)

...:..... ... danger is oil spills. In the fleezing waters, oil disperse effectively. consequently, oil from even a small

remain ahazard to wildlife for

to

......... into account the clangers. A collision (%) ..... an iceberg could cause a disaster of major proportions. This is (25) ...

Ouestion 15:The gapped word is part of a phrase: 'ioito* ... somebody's footsteps'. lf you can't immediately think of the gapped word, try to find a word that sounds right: you may well have heard the phrase before. Ouestion 21: Think of the meaning of the sentence and the text as a whole. lf oil dispersed effectively, would there be a
problem?

no means a far-fetched notion. From (26) to time icebergs clo appear in these waters, and global warming means that massive chunks of ice are
breaking
i

(27)

.......,. the continental ice sheet more and more frequently.

If
,

a ship collided with one of these.

it could spell disaster for tourism.

an iceberg is raised. Which preposition is used with

Ouestion 24: lt should be clear that you need a preposition here. The previous sentence mentions cruise ships, and now the possibility of a collision involving

may be part of a simple expression.You may be able to find the correct word by reading the sentence aloud.

J
l

22

Test 1 )

PAPER

Use

of English ; ,' iri,|ir

lt

l,ilf i{iii'ttti each

!Ii,/i i i":rt't{,i

For questions2S-37, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.There is an

example at the beginning (0). Write your answers lN CAPITAL LEfiERS on the separate answer sheet.
Example:

O,l
E=senfrf;*uil
lecade
area.

PARTTCTPATE

l;0:

tf,

r
Elephant Trainin$
i;

Grestion 28: Think carefully

--d

:fout the part of

speech you

:-:fix

here.You may need both a and a suffix.

tinent,
mind.

G.restion 30:The gapped word part of an expression: 'in .., =rns r, :tr', which means'matching
s: rreth ing'.

follow
may owing

Ouestion 31:The gapped word is : =ompound adjective which -eans llasting for the whole of
: - e's life'.

lf you are travelling inThailand and have a taste for adventure, ...... in an unusual kind of activity. you can now (0) ... modest sum, you can spend a few For an (28) ... days at an elephant conservation centre training to be a mahout or elephant driver. Be prepared to get wet, however, because you spend most of the day atop an elephant, during which time ,..... beast can take up to three baths! this (29) Primarily set up in an endeavour to preserve theThai elephant, the centre offers such activities to tourists as a means of funding itself. Neverlheless, its training programme remains strictly in (30) ...... with the traditions of Kachasarl, the ancient method of studying elephants, and the mahouts that work with relationship the elephants build up a close, (31) ... with them, founded on mutual respect and love.
The type of training depends on the (SZ) .................. that different animals display, and care is taken not to overtire them. ....,. to the elephants, Training is believed to be (33)

PART.

CRroleLr

MAJESTY

Ogestion 32:The gapped word -rst be a noun. Do you need the : rgular or plural form?
rlgiBqlifaltl trrr{iPv4 lile} !!qr:tltrirrsr:

reless

KEEP

-'-:=!14

rl this
rs, oil

LIFE

small

isisa
orced

ABLE BENEFIT STIMULATE

,, o"
e ale :ntly.

providing them with physical and mental Their well-being is of utmost importance, and the success of the centre's breeding programme bears witness to this.
(S+1 ...

ra... i -r'}

While it may not be ideal to keep such magnificent beasts in (35) ... - and the centre has come in for plenty of ... deforestation has left wild criticism - (36) ... elephants struggling to survive in habitats that are shrinking ...... basis.The centre offers them almost on a (37)
a sanctuary

CAPTURE EXTEND
DAY

- for

the time being at least.

-i:r{: Test

>

i PAPER 3

Use

of English ) |

ir!ilffi s

23l
I

Fry;Lpffm

{
ff

ffiffi#{*fffiff Xl\faittro#

P".4pffitr

For questions 3842, think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentehces. Here is an example (0).

P,qtrffiffl
#"',$,F)ffiit

4
S

Example:
t-i{it#rulft#
Sffi#fiMIffi#

o Wewill doall thework,buttheywill

...all thecredit,asusuall

e She will ............... offence if you tell herthat hairstyle doesn't suit her. * Theythreatened to............... David to court unless he stopped playing
drums at night.
TAKE

his

ffiffiwtrMtM
,

I Make.'sur.e you {6ad:a[l'three :, , senten;e66:,in a'sdt bef*re, r. r deeiding.qn,a word.The cerrect

word must fit -all three i' , ::$efitehcegj: ':
}, Deeidd

Write only the missing word lN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

whatkind of word.Y.eu

'

38

When Frank was enteftaining the children, I saw

seen before.

of him I hadn't

are looking for.The missing word will have the same form in all three sentences.

a Ken works as a teacher, but he also sells insurance on the

{D

The.missinc l ,,,be

wos4 v4ill ,uquafly,,

Ellen fell off her bike and got scratches all down her left

a:,eq.m6ijn:,:rliord,, althoug*1 rnarr be'used,as'part o.f ,a: ph rasai veib;, Eolldoatio n,: expiessi'o,n::9r:'idjam Jn.rat,least

it

39$

That kind of music leaves me

l'm afraid.

one ofthegentencs. '

towards me lately that I think I may have c Jenny has been so done something to upset her.
,

Ouestlon'*8:The third, sentenee' *houH h-eipygu findlhe'word ;.' thatfit$,aflrthres $entenaes; .,. i,, Question 39: ln the third

Tom and Bianca were supposed to get married last month, but she got

feet and now the wedding's off

senlenae,,the.miss.ing,vrEq;6 1s r, . part Of ;n{ii:id ioiiiA,le, ph r.?te.Th e', f i [cttan{ seco,nd'sel.itences' rontain eti.rea'ta.li$lp. \r-ou,find the OueEtion',:42l,Read:the:

40G
&

It is only possible to dive safely from the ............... end of the pool.
Sally was nervous as she walked onto the stage, but she took a ............... breath and began to sing.

secernd",',

senlenea,ffial.g4 llouloorat to
find the answers to an exercise in

You'll get

into

trouble if you get caught.

41 s The house ............... south, with a beautiful view of the sea. Martinez in the final of the tournament, and won. I Sanchez up to the fact that Fred wouldn't be coming back. e Wendy finally 42 * c
Our football coach always said that teamwork was

the

to success

in life.
If you aren't sure of the answer to a question, there's a ............... on

page 274.

o I pressed the wrong

and I deleted the file from the computer!

24

fl&H Test 1 > F PAPER

Use

of English

> h Pffie"f

,{

all

For questions 43-50, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning

to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given.You must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).
Example:

Jane regretted speaking so rudely to the old lady.

MORE

Jane

...

PolitelY to the old ladY.

TAORE

Essenli*fl #fipu
* :-==:it question, read both ii -::^ :es carefully. The second
must convey the =-::-:e :;: -: rformation as the first >;-::-::. out in different

wtsHED sHE HAD SPOKEN

l_0.-

write the missing words lN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

43

'Honestly, I didn't cheat in the test!' said John.

DENIED

--:
:-,

r --: -i changing its form in

.',i!.

.=','word must be used

John

...........

......... in the test'

'

: - -:\' need to change the ---.' ^ which you give the --:'-:r on. and the form of :- -- ',',,ords from the first :+ -:

44

Pop in for a chat whenever you are in town.

HAPPEN

-:3.

lf

.........

....'. in town, pop in for a chat' to rain.

it began to rain'

" l--= questions may require

:

=:

cnange from a negative --::1Ce tO a postttve one, or :cassive structure to an ,:' one. Be prepared for

::

45

Paula had just reached the gate when it began

THAN No

sooner

| ':- -ust use between three :-: i \ words in your answer. - , : - ,r'rite too few words or
-rrsd6l
43:The key word is
a

46

'Mark wrote that poem, not lani said Helen.

IT

: - --3^y, you will lose marks.

According to
47

Helen,

... that poem, not lan.

.;: : -: - j verb. There is more than : -: : :;s ole structure which

Even if it is expenslve, they want to go on the London Eye,

MAY

: :.'.: :. lt does not matter $- :i :.le you use rn your

: : 45:YOu need an llule.

Expensive
48

they want to go on the London Eye'

-ilsEisn

Unless you tell the truth, the school trip will be cancelled' MEAN Your

:- r - i. : structure here. luscion 49: How can you

E',x:"::: :he idea of possibility? : . -::a a structure with a -::= .:'b,You will also need a ;- -i: : tnktng word.

-r p<ds6 46: You need an

failure

...... the cancellation of the school trip.

49

Jill has never been here before, so it is possible that she has got lost.
HAVE

Jill

......

it is the first time she has ever been here.

50

lnstead of spending money on clothes, I prefer to spend it on books.

SPEND

lwould

...... on books than on clothes.

25

F*.==-

i =+==-

=*=,=:i:*
13:':iE:::*

You will hearthree different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A, B or c) which fits best according to what you hear.There are two questions for each extract.

p,f-i

i.]#iq

!i. 5 fi

,i,t

i"r[tn

r\,ffi

Extract One
You hear two friends talking about an experience one of them had as a volunteer.

W - fr$roffitfimt
I
Before.yqu listen to each
,e41ract,,you'
:,

Nigel joined the Blue Ventures project because

A a friend of his encouraged him to do volunteer work. B he had always dreamed of going to Madagascar.
C
he thought the experience would be useful

will'be given time {fifteen seconds} to read the

'
,

to him.

[-rl
[--rffi=

quegtions..rMake, good'use of thls time., arid,try to pre(ict what you retgoing to hear,

Which word best describes Jenny's reaction to Nigel,s account?

enthusiasm

) Listei
.

cAref,ullV before

cJrooqingr the

:answei Ihe

B disinterest C envy

options rnay contain:wor.ds lrou hear on,the reeording; but'the: . rneaning of th,esentence ma.y . be differentl ) Some questions ask you about the speaker! feelings or : attitude to somethingi Listen to , thergpeake.r's tone of voice and thq,way'he/shq qpeaks. lt malr : :bq necessarytg listen:lo the . whole,extract before making , your choice, Oue$tion 1.1 More than one: option rnay seeirl possible here. Whlr d id::lrtige1. j gin. the.projecr? Ouestion 2l tistea eaiefully to:
,

ExtractTwo
You hear two people talking on a radio programme about how to deal with a compulsive disorder.

When did Alice realise she had a problem? when she had a strong urge to go shopping all the time B after she had got into serious financial difficulty

C once she had talked to a professional about how she felt

Alice now goes to a gym in order to A stop herself spending money.

[--F,.iffi.E

Jennyt tone of voiee,

the gym that she would

,,;

Ouestigrl 4l Alice,spend$,time.at.

B get fit and lose a bit of weight. C get to know new people.

[--ffi

otherwise,spgndsqmewhere' :, else.:Where7.: .

,flr
f,

Extract Three
You hear two friends talking about
a

's; qBa4lgryltr

football match they have just watched.

5 The woman thinks that England

deserved to lose.

B were not confident enough. C were unfoftunate.

6 According to the

A
B C

man, Gerrard was unfairly treated. England played badly.

Russia didn't play well.

fr/r# Test 1 >h pApER

Listening >h pfll"f {

You will hear a writer talking about a book she has written on the subject of aspirin For question s 7-14, complete the sentences.

The storyl of aspirin

E*se***mfl flfipw
:-

Doctors

in

ffi

treated their patients with a medicine derived from the bark of the willow.

:.

.- - -:;ng.
=

=: :ne instructions and find

:^e subject of the
--

Edward Stone believed that

.-: l-l
:--.1
.-

:ie questions carefully

ete the gaps.

was similar to quinine

:-:nk about the sort of -'- --ation you might need to

-:

:=:- ;ap is completed by one. - - :'three words, or a

The active ingredient of aspirin was isolated in

I
10

:: what grammatical form --' . :;cped word or words .--- a have. -:::.n the recording, but not - :-: same sentences as the
:

Unfortunately, salicylic acid can affect the

quite badly.

- ,', ill hear the words you

l l
:

-' .-: ideas expressed

::--l
-

-=.: ons.You need to listen

on the

The first commercially available aspirins were made by Bayer,

':

1!. ,', ill hear the recording

13

,ru
12

- !: :te first time.

stion
7:

--

.-

so you will have a to fill in any gaps you

However, there was little

into the way aspirin works for nearly seventy years.

What sorl of word

: .: : s:tion 'in'? Listen for any o{

l-;si,on
,,

- r :ome after'in': a time, a . .-= )r an expression with the

Some scientists think that people over

13

should take aspirin to prevent certain diseases,

10:The recording is

: medicine, and this T- :-:e mentions an acid that

: - -.
. - .-ect something or - - =::dy quite badly. Who or
-

It appears that

I j

=stion 12:The sentence is -: something that happened .s:ed for nearly seventy -:-s so you should listen for - -- --ation about this period. - = - ,:nsider what could fit with ' : : -'3se 'into the way aspirin
,-

=-

::r.d this

be?

grown without aftificial chemicals also contain the active ingredients of aspirin.
14

:'.

- -.: Jescribe something like a : =-: ,,vhich can be grown --: -t aftificial chemicals, so
, =- 'or a word with this

:>-tion 14:The gapped word

Test 1 > . PAPER

Listening

), l:l|l]

rlt

27

$?Apffitr plhr#ffiitr Pd,ffiffiffi

't
S

ffi#fi{${ffifi

;? \strltrilffi
nj{i,ft

#f

ffifl/#tisfn

will hear part of an interview with Stan Levin, a dance critic, about a modern ballet production involving animals. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
You
15

trmm;tkin#

A B C D A B C D
17

We gather that the ballet being discussed here has received general critical acclaim.

hascaused considerablecontroversy. has not been well received on the whole. has become popular with animals-lovers.

ffimwry,rytrWtr*ffi
Thi$ pad of the.exan'r is usually q rnultiplqchoice.ta$k; but it eould al.so: bg ar senlence-eomp.letion

16 It appears that the

lask. lf it is,a,seriteace-completion lask, loqk.back at the tlps tor Farts 'l and 2.'lf it is a multip.l*choice' task reed the.following lips: I,Read the instarrctions'and find ' out the subiect of the

function of the dogs in the ballet is to reflect what happens to the human characters. act as a contrast to the human characters. show how wild animals behave in a civilised society. symbolise homeless people.

reeording;

'' ',

l.Bead'the question$ or question stems:'oarefully p nd underline

;

A B C D
18

How does Stan feel about the increasing use of technology in dance? He thinks this trend has gone too far. He prefers more traditional approaches to dance. He does not approve of it in principle. He believes it is creating a new art form.

,,,thQkey.rwofds-

'

) The.qu$isns follow the order

oflthe.reo,fding; but the final
queetloIt.,rna}1 b9 ab'ouf ,the .:recqrdiRg -as q whole:

A B C D
19

What aspect of the ballet is of greatest interest to audiences? the way the dogs behave during dance sequences the way the dogs perform their tricks the sight of the dogs in a pack the way the dogs copy the actions of one character

Ouegtjert' 15r Option A sug,gests most rpeqple,,esp.ecia l ly.the sritiei, liked the.ballqti,optio-n B ir.nplies sorne':Fgople {iked.it and,

:some:didnlt opl_isn C impljds :,' most people didn't like it; and opiioniD,i.rt-blies that'people !vh.o love animals liked the ballet. Which of these.ideas dsesrthe ', recording convey? Question 18:Think about

What caused the lapse in mood during the performance Stan saw? A the inability of the dogs to concentrate B the audience's unwillingness to accept the dogs C the behaviour of a member of the audience D the inability'of dogs and humans to work as a team

20 What aspect of the performance made the most powerful impression on Stan?

diffffen{'way$,to exprgss thatr .'

$orneth'ing.1is.of Ereatsst interest to'uiiiences', You shou,ld.also be prepdred for the infornratign to be. given in.a different order. For example, the speaker may ' deseribe so,methin g that ha:ppe-ned and then say. afteiwards that it interested
audienees,,

A B C D

the the the the

implicit potential for violence aggression shown by the dogs bond between the dogs and the tramp primitive appearance of the dogs

Oue$Eiqtl 19:,The questfon tells you thqtr,Slrin -witl talk about qomethirtg th-at went wrong when he sawthe ballet. lvhieh 6.ption r b.est descri.bes what liappened?,:

28

ffidrffi

Test 1

>

F,

pnpER

Listening

> h FjtrH'f #

fiffifi#fi1fi1ilrfiffi*$,

'n

You will hear five shoft extracts in which people talk about fitness and health.
lr rlr

,B,C

While you listen you must complete both tasks.

Task One

For questions2l-25, choose from the list A-H what each speaker says about his or her reasons for attending a gym regularly.

The gym has a social function for me.

I

Esse**#fiwfl *fipw
h

B C D E F G H

want to be fit for a specific event.

Speaker Speaker

:=:l
-

-.
-

j:

,',

the instructions and find no will be talking and :hey will be talking about.
at the same time, each

My company pays for me to attend a gym.

I must keep

* - - ..:ave two tasks to think

": :: rg to one type of
.--

fit because of my medical condition

-:

.-=.=Tent made by the : -= j<-ors. So the first time you ==- :ach speaker be prepared '- - liece of information that = -: --:sponds to an option in the ' =: ::sk; the_ second time r.- :or a piece of information

Beirlg fit gives me a sense of achievement.

Speaker 3 Speaker 4

Attending a gym is an absolute necessity for me.

I come here

[-l-?I I T7_rl [-l ?Il [IITI

Speaker 5

rFEI

with the members of my cycling club.

--::

- :-=
=

::)rresponds tO an Option
seCOnd taSk.

Istarted exercising regularly after an injury.

$ -- :aswer options dO not : *hat the speakers say; '-:.= =: :xpress the i'deas in : ---:ri words" Read each . -- :- :arefully, and be
:-.-,-=d to hear the

TaskTwo For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what opinion each speaker expresses about fitness and health generally.
A
B

::=-:r: form" ' l::- ::sk has-three options - - -: ^ot need.

ltu+e:..6ns

--- --ation expressed in

My lifestyle is unhealthy in the long run.

Keeping fit is a habit.
I

ft-lg

Stan?

; : -r,* mightyou express - - :;: :-at learning English -i:: : ::-:al function?
Ls!:c. H: 'ihis option is correct
r ' : -= t':he speakers, it must * r+- :-:: :he persOn had 'an
,',

Lrymc,r A: 1f something has a r:: .: : =,1ction', what does it

C
D

find it hard to commit myself to exercising.

Speaker Speaker
1

City life doesn't encourage walking for exercise.

Exercise machines are extremely boring. You can't separate health and lifestyle.

I-I'?E rl-?7l
T--TTBI

Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker

5

fl .

words could be used :-=s: rhat you were injured?

-::

It's easier to get a commitment.

fit if you think of it

as

[--l.?ql I--116l

ffiil:,t;;'ways -:i:
-:-

T",,xc,nns26-30

- - -.-::rl if vou commit ':: :o something, what :i: : - :: 3i say to youiself or

: . -::
: :r-: :-

are there
a

:'naf SOmething iS

l'm sure your genetic make-up has a lot to do with fitness.

^; _:JIJ et
<

--^.

Iumcr il: ;3lv

-:- :-: ;., :-=,:: :r:s, perhaps more --- --: l.es, that convey the ::: --:. SOme characteristics
rr* :=-:: celly controlled?

:- .:

etse could a about 'genetic -' Can you think o{ any

TEStl

PAPER4 Listening ) ;' fli,i'r"

,il

29

lm&flffiXt

lx 1t*n#l+,r6 . tr!p{1r:fq g }.r, }f rp14

Paft 1 (3 minutes)
The examiner will ask you a few questions about yourself and then ask you to talk to your parlner. For example, the examiner may ask you:

P,4pffiffi

# {.Jsa{ *f

ffiffi l[#tr ':.

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';Lis fltr{ltg

. Where do you both live? o What do you like and dislike about this area? . lf you moved to another area, where would you Iike to live?
Part 2 (4 minutes)
You will each be asked to talk on your own for a minute without interruption.You will each be given a set of three photographs in turn to talk about. After your partner has finished speaking, you will be asked a brief question connected with your partner's photographs.You will have thirly seconds to answer. Costurnes, (aoln
Fa rE;

bontrast and :specu late

),

Turn to pictures 1-3 on page 190. which show people in costumes. Candidate A. compare and contrast two of these pictures and imagine what could have prompted these people to dress in this way. How do you think they are
feel i ng
?

Candidate B, which of these costumes would you feel most comfortable in, and why?
'Wsrking, anvironrnent$'.(eompare, co nlrstrand speeulate)

.',

;,:,'

:,

Turn to pictures 1-3 on page 191, which show different working environments. Candidate B, compare and contrast two of these workplaces, saying what advantages and disadvantages you could imagine for them. Candidate A, which of these environments would you prefer to work in, and why?

Part 3 (4 minutes)

Turn to the pictures on page 192, which show aspects of modern life.
Talk to each other about which two of these pictures you would choose to illustrate that modern life has both advantages and disadvantages.

Paft 4 (4 minutes)
The examiner will encourage you to develop the topic of your discussion in Part 3 by asking questions such as:

o Which aspects of life in thb past, which no longer exist, do you thlnk were
positive? Could they be revived?Why (not)?

. .

Should developments in technology be restricted in any way?Why (not)? What sort of difficulties do young people face today, but that previous generations did not have to confront, or not to the same extent?

o Why do older people sometimes become nostalgic about the past?

#&ffi Test

1 >F PAPER

Spealdng

t"

ffir MrcmM
F,PART2
Candidate A
These people could be ...

They seem to be
I

...

imagine...
...

I suppose ..,

l'm fairly sure

lh

say they're probablY ...

... ..,

Apparently,

Judging by the fact that Similarly,...

I

can't tell whoiwhere/what

...

actors
amateu r

annual tradition bow to the audience

brightly coloured costumes and

masks

clown in a circus cuftain call on the stage professional put on a performance revellers street party take part in a festival/carnival/
performa nce/play

well-equipped theatre

190

{Ae Tf;st$ Materials for Paper

'ffi1y#
l'
. Hr*+ex,

4
oWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of working in these environments?
B

"

PART 2

L*m,g
They must be
...

Candidate

fu.#aee

The pictu re shows/depicts

It might/could be He/She seems to ln contrast to

,..

rl d

As in the previous picture,

There are a number of advantages/ disadvantages to working ,.. One advantage/disadva ntage wou ld

be...
it's very satisfying to .,.

agricultural workers cheap labour

craft create something with your hands cut off from contact with the outside

world :xecutive
exhausti ng

'ield on a hillside

righly paid/badly paid

n doors/outdoors cb satisfaction

nake objects from clay

ranual labour
nentally/physically exhausti ng
r otter

.cphisticated modern office :pectacular view of the city

.treSsfu
,',
I

.rffer from the heat/stress

el

l-equipped office

Materials for Paper

191

lffi^ I I --"t# Z
?

il""t..t.oaott
PART 3

Candidates A and B

that modern life has .which two would you choose 11lllt*t"t"

r',t" ao these pictures show?

,ART 2
Candida

ilil';ffi"g"t,ha

disadvantases?

==

gwg1*k*Ek
"' are obvious' I think'

Le**g
3uess' I
i

The benefits/drawbacks of

ieiShe
He/She

a1

He/She n

Whatabouttheadvantages/disadvantages,inyourviewT the advantages ln your opinion?

Do the disadvantages outweigh

lc

0n the
To

lt,seasytoseethebenefitsoflaptopcomputers,don,tyouthink? you say? keep !n touch' wouldn't

it easler to Mobile phones certainly make

To judge

iudge

l,mnotsurewhetherthereareanyhealthrisksassociatedwithheatingfoodina

,i.ro*ur.
,'f,r. o"f

oven'What do You think?

lt,susuallymoreconvenienttodrivesomewherethantotakepublictransport,butsurely price to pay?

a caused by cars is too high connected with electricity' disadvantages any l'd find it difficult to think of

3bout to a pprehe

irri".

cathing
cu si
n

esl

Perhapswehavetodistinguishbetweenelectricityitselfandthemeansofgeneratingit.
ls this a nuclear Power station?

....1t;ilil:

t,.';l *'.:,;, 1 -.t.;1r::'.!6-

lo ncent
-

.I

diving
'

nte rvi e'

|,mnotsurewhetherthisphotoismeanttoillustratemodernWesternmedicineingenera|
or oPerations in Particular' microwave oven meal operating theatre
laptoP comPuter

nervous

3Ve rco r

power station

spofts couPe mobile Phone

nave YC ,vait in

192

:.-i..i

iillir

Materiats for Paper