WHAT CAUSES ELECTRIC MOTOR FAILURES ?

MECHANICAL OVERLOAD

BEARING FAILURES TIGHT SHAFT MECHANICAL OBSTRUCTION

UNDER OR OVER VOLTAGE PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION WATER INGRESS (MAINLY FOR OUTDOOR UNITS) UNBALANCED SUPPLY VOLTAGE (FOR 3-PHASE MOTORS) SINGLE PHASING (FOR 3-PHASE MOTORS) CAPACITOR OR STARTING RELAY FAILURE (FOR 1-PHASE MOTORS)

July 2003

D.RAVINDRA

ELECTRICAL PROTECTION FOR MOTOR OPERATED EQUIPMENT

3 - PHASE MOTOR CIRCUITS MUST BE PROVIDED WITH THE FOLLOWING MINIMUM PROTECTION :

SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION FUSE OR MCB / CB ? GROUND FAULT PROTECTION EARTHING EARTH LEAKAGE CIRCUIT BREAKER OVERLOAD PROTECTION GREATER THAN FLA BUT LESS THAN LRA. RESPOND TO OVERLOAD CONDITION AS PER TRIP CURVE. SINGLE PHASING PROTECTION WINDING TEMPERATURE SENSING (ONLY FOR LARGE, EXPENSIVE MOTORS).
July 2003 D.RAVINDRA

ELECTRICAL PROTECTION FOR MOTOR OPERATED EQUIPMENT . contd.

SMALL SINGLE PHASE MOTORS ARE PROVIDED WITH A THERMAL PROTECTOR EMBEDDED IN THE STATOR WINDING. THE ABOVE THERMAL PROTECTION, IN COMBINATION WITH A FUSE OR MCB OFFERS SUFFICIENT ELECTRICAL PROTECTION TO SMALL SINGLE PHASE MOTORS. FOR EVERY MOTOR BRANCH CIRCUIT, SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION AND LOCAL DISCONNECTING MEANS MUST BE PROVIDED WITHIN A DISTANCE OF 25 FEET.

July 2003

D.RAVINDRA

STARTING OF 3-PHASE MOTORS

A MOTOR STARTER CONSISTS OF A CONTACTOR WITH OVERLOAD & SINGLE PHASING PROTECTION IN ONE HOUSING.

DOL STARTING : STARTING CURRENT IS 5 TO 6 TIMES FLA. HENCE LIMITED TO MOTORS UPTO 10 HP. STAR DELTA STARTING : BOTH STARTING CURRENT & STARTING TORQUE ARE 1/3 OF DOL VALUES. PART- WINDING STARTING : STARTING CURRENT & TORQUE USUALLY HIGHER THAN STARDELTA STARTING.

AUTO TRANSFORMER STARTING

SOFT STARTING

July 2003

D.RAVINDRA

July 2003

D.RAVINDRA

CAPACITORS
RUN CAPACITORS

START CAPACITORS

CONT. RATING PACKS A LOWER VALUE OF CAPACITANCE (230*SQ.RT.2) V. ACROSS CAPACITOR AT 1 LOAD. TO IMPROVE PERFORMANCE & P.F. CONTINUOUSLY IN CIRCUIT.

SHORT TIME RATING PACKS A LARGE VALUE OF CAPACITANCE. RATED AT LOWER VOLTAGE (270 / 330 V.) TO IMPROVE STARTING TORQUE. CONNECTED ONLY DURING STARTING FOR A FEW SECONDS. BLEED RESISTOR:

July 2003

D.RAVINDRA

HOW VOLTAGE & FREQUENCY VARIATION AFFECT INDUCTION MOTORS

VARIATION START & MAX. RUN TORQUE
INCREASE 21% DECREASE 19%

FULL LOAD EFFY.

SLIGHT DECREASE SLIGHT DECREASE SLIGHT INCREASE

FULL LOAD CURRENT

INCREASE 2 - 4% INCREASE 10 - 11% DECREASE SLIGHTLY

FULL LOAD TEMP. RISE

INCREASE 3-4C DECREASE 67C DECREASE SLIGHTLY

110% VOLTAGE 90% VOLTAGE

DECREASE 105% 10% FREQUENCY

95% FREQUENCY

INCREASE 11%

SLIGHT DECREASE
8% DECREASE

INCREASE SLIGHTLY
3% INCREASE

INCREASE SLIGHTLY
8% INCREASE

SLIGHT 2% VOLT UNBALANCE DECREASE

July 2003

D.RAVINDRA

TEMPERATURE RISE & CLASSES OF INSULATION

CU. WDG. TEMP. : R2 / RI = (234.5 + t2) / (234.5 + t1)

INSULATION CLASS A E B

WDG. TEMP. RISE ( 40 C +) 50 C 65 C 75 C

HOT SPOT TEMP. (C) 105 C 120 130

SURFACE TEMP. (MAX.) 80 C 95 105

F
H

95 C
125 C

150
180

125
155

July 2003

D.RAVINDRA

CABLES
SIZE THE CABLE BASED ON PROTECTIVE SWITCH RATING AND NOT THE LOAD. THE VOLTAGE DROP TO BE LIMITED WITHIN 2.5 % OF RATED VOLTAGE.

LT CABLES ARE AVAILABLE UPTO 1.1 KV RANGE AND HT CABLES ARE AVAILABLE WITH 3.3 KV, 6.6 KV, 11.0 KV AND ABOVE .
TYPES OF CABLES : PVC, FRLS, XLPE EXPOSED CABLES SHOULD BE CONDUITED, IF NOT ARMOURED.
July 2003 D.RAVINDRA