JAGMA TIMES

By: Maggie Coro, Aaron Portillo, Julyssa Martinez, Alicia Serrano, and George Mejia

The Raging Forties

Major Battles on European & Pacific Theatres in the 1940s

By George Mejia

Some major battles of both the European Theatre and the Pacific Ocean Theatre: Battle of the Bulge Battle of Stalingrad Normandy Invasion Battle of Berlin Battle of Midway Battle of Iwo Jima Battle of Okinawa Battle of the Philippine Sea Battle of Guadalcanal
The European Theatre of WW2, or the European War, was a huge fight between European nations after Germany invaded Poland on September 1, 1939. After other nations intervened, sides were chosen between the Allied powers, or the Central powers. The Allied powers consisted of France, Britain, Soviet Union, and the U.S etc. On the other side, the Central powers consisted of Germany, Italy, Hungary and etc. Germany and the Central powers were under rule of the famous dictator, Adolf Hitler and Mussolini. Wile the leaders of the Allied powers were Joseph Stalin, Winston Churchill, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt. In addition, The Pacific Ocean Theatre was another front in which the Allied powers had to fight w=in. They were going against the Japanese, which was especially caused after the attack on Pearl Harbor DECEMBER 7, 1941, by the Japanese. Some significant battles were obviously, Pearl Harbor, then theres also the Battle of Midway, Battle of Iwo Jima, Battle of Okinawa (Semper Fidelis), Battle of Coral Sea etc.

Women and African Americans

By: Julyssa Martinez

Women
Most jobs for women were traditional roles such as nursing, secretarial or caring jobs. Only until when millions of men joined armed forces, women took on an active role and took many paid jobs that previously had been held by men; such as bank, teller, shoe salesperson, or aircraft mechanic. Women started to work in factories; which was called Rosie the Riveter phenomenon. This was a way to lure young women into factories; advertiser showed women workers as glamorous and even fashionable. They said that women did not care much about their appearance while at work, but that they still were feminine underneath the dirt; the amount of women in the workforce increased by 25-35 percent. However after the war, there were still many women who remained in the workforce but employers forced them back into lower-paying female jobs, most were laid off and told to go back to their homes.

Between 1940 and 1945, there were many foreign policies that were created that ended up benefiting the United States. For Example, The Four Points, the Atlantic Charter, Lend-Lease Act, Island Hopping, and the Manhattan Project. President Roosevelt created the fourfreedom point. These points consist of Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want and Freedom from Fear. Another example is The Atlantic Charter policy, which was created in a meeting with United States and Britain. This Policy declared that the reason for the war against the Axis powers is to Ensure life, liberty, independence, and religious freedom to preserve the rights of man and justice. By: Maggie Coro The lend- lease act was Americas way to send immediate aid to Britain. Islandhopping was a policy created by the allied powers. This Policy helped pushed by the Japanese further away from the west coast of the United States.

African Americans
African Americans were needed more than ever before. During the beginning of the war African Americans enlisted to serve their country but were given grunge jobs. The minority group rose up and kept fighting for their rights and eventually 5% of African Americans troops were given the opportunity to see live combat. African Americans had to also deal with discrimination in the work places. Although they were getting the highest paying jobs of their lives and they decided that now it was time for them to get equal treatment. On June 25, 1941 Franklin Roosevelt passed executive order 8802, which prohibited employers from discriminating based on race, creed, color or national origin.

Foreign Policies (1940-1945)

By the time the U.S. entered World War 2 they had already gone through many drastic changes. They had to go through the Great Depression, which was still affecting them during the wartime. They had a very limited economy for war so they had to use drafts to get people to fight in war. They also used foreign policies that were created in the Serrano By: Alicia 1930s in order to keep the economy stable during the wartime. Since the economy of the country was not very stable they had to regulate income taxes to obtain money for necessities for war. The Revenue Act of 1942 increased the number of people that had to pay federal income tax to increase the federal revenue. All the money that was collected from the taxes contributed to the war. The money went to the weapons, tools, and uniforms for the men fighting at war. In 1942 there was a $7 billion increase in revenue, which led to the idea of taking out income taxes from workers wages, which is still used today. Wages began to that increase as men well as theat working Due to the fact many were women hours to for the in workers. Wages able they to began work factories. In thewere factories increase because the economy was rising from all made weapons and uniforms for the people at war. of the were production of by supplies. wartime Women persuaded a from The a propaganda economy is believed to be a part of overcoming and they used a fictional figure called Rosie the the Great Depression because of the increase Riveter. The economy began to stabilize becausein of jobs and production. of the wartime. all the extra work Because hours coming from mostly women. After so many years of being put to the side they became a big part of the American economy.

Wartime Economy