50

100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000

Line length: 1km

R (ohm/km) L (mH/Km) C (uF/km)
0.1063
0.4293
0.151
0.1279
0.4255
0.151
0.2011
0.4124
0.151
0.3105
0.3947
0.151
0.4404
0.3763
0.151
0.5792
0.3585
0.151
0.716
0.3426
0.151
0.847
0.3287
0.151
0.9706
0.3166
0.151
1.0864
0.3063
0.151
1.1946
0.2976
0.151

50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000

Line length: 100km

R (ohm/km) L (mH/Km) C (uF/km)
0.1063
0.4293
0.151
0.1279
0.4255
0.151
0.2011
0.4124
0.151
0.3105
0.3947
0.151
0.4404
0.3763
0.151
0.5792
0.3585
0.151
0.716
0.3426
0.151
0.847
0.3287
0.151
0.9706
0.3166
0.151
1.0864
0.3063
0.151
1.1946
0.2976
0.151

ATP input
R(ohm/m)
L (mH/m)
0.0001063 0.000429
0.0001279 0.000426
0.0002011 0.000412
0.0003105 0.000395
0.0004404 0.000376
0.0005792 0.000359
0.000716 0.000343
0.000847 0.000329
0.0009706 0.000317
0.0010864 0.000306
0.0011946 0.000298

PSCAD input
C (uF/m) R (ohm/m) Xl (ohm/m)
Xc (Mohm-m) R (ohms)
0.000151 0.0001063 0.000134869 21.08012491
0.000151 0.0001279
0.00026735 10.54006246
0.000151 0.0002011 0.000518237 5.270031228
0.000151 0.0003105 0.000743992 3.513354152
0.000151 0.0004404 0.000945745 2.635015614
0.000151 0.0005792 0.001126261 2.108012491
0.000151
0.000716 0.001291572 1.756677076
0.000151
0.000847 0.001445698 1.505723208
0.000151 0.0009706 0.001591405 1.317507807
0.000151 0.0010864 0.001732086 1.171118051
0.000151 0.0011946 0.001869876 1.054006246

ATP input
R(ohm/m)
L (mH/m)
0.0001063 0.000429
0.0001279 0.000426
0.0002011 0.000412
0.0003105 0.000395
0.0004404 0.000376
0.0005792 0.000359
0.000716 0.000343
0.000847 0.000329
0.0009706 0.000317
0.0010864 0.000306
0.0011946 0.000298

PSCAD input
Xl (ohm/m)
Xc (Mohm-m) R (ohms)
0.000134869 21.08012491
0.00026735 10.54006246
0.000518237 5.270031228
0.000743992 3.513354152
0.000945745 2.635015614
0.001126261 2.108012491
0.001291572 1.756677076
0.001445698 1.505723208
0.001591405 1.317507807
0.001732086 1.171118051
0.001869876 1.054006246

C (uF/m) R (ohm/m)
0.000151 0.0001063
0.000151 0.0001279
0.000151 0.0002011
0.000151 0.0003105
0.000151 0.0004404
0.000151 0.0005792
0.000151
0.000716
0.000151
0.000847
0.000151 0.0009706
0.000151 0.0010864
0.000151 0.0011946

Hand calculation
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.30

PSCAD results
2.744167022
4.188759451
535.266271
1.621972155
0.287119886
9.45E-02
4.03E-02
1.99E-02
1.08E-02
6.28E-03
3.88E-03

Hand calculation
PSCAD results
ATP results
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
-21080.00
2.66E-02
-21079.96628
0.0266
-10540.00
3.20E-02
-10539.86632
0.0319
-5269.90
5.03E-02
-5269.48195
0.0503
-3510.00
7.77E-02
-3512.21698
0.0776
-2630.00
1.10E-01
-2633.107156
0.11
-2107.70
0.145187594
-2105.180592
0.145
-1756.40
0.179792266
-1752.783404
0.179
-1505.00
0.213180371
-1500.637312
0.2119
-1317.10
0.245011866
-1311.10352
0.243
-1170.70
0.273792334
-1163.264564
0.272
-1053.50
0.304019593
-1044.567032
0.299

PSCAD results
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
-207.407825
-90.23643342
-9.57908624
-86.2443548
-56.94548867
-43.86066251
-35.96561976
-30.57523383
-26.62802638
-23.60064554
-21.20005193

ATP results
X (ohms)
2.744
3.64
8.69
28.76
59.42
24.71
10.26
5.37
3.24
2.15
1.503

-207.41
-98.37
-36.64
-9.06
-37.99
-54.31
-43.59
-35.47
-29.91
-25.92
-22.9

-21080.09
-10539.99
-5269.901
-3513.17
-2634.78
-2107.7
-1756.35
-1505.36
-1317.11
-1170
-1053.53

lumped R,L,C for 100 km

Hand calculation (our equation)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
2.74
-207.41
3.64
-98.38
8.70
-36.64
28.72
-9.09
59.47
-38.08
24.77
-54.27
10.28
-43.59
5.38
-35.47
3.25
-29.91
2.15
-25.92
1.5061
-2.29E+01

lumped R,L,C for 1 km

Hand calculation (based on A,B,C AND D para)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
0.02658
-21080.09120
0.03198
-10539.99562
0.05028
-5269.90167
0.07763
-3513.16815
0.11012
-2634.77916
0.14484
-2107.73090
0.17907
-1756.35414
0.21185
-1505.36173
0.24280
-1317.10988
0.27180
-1170.68493
0.29892
-1053.53865

lumped R,L,C for 100 km

Hand calculation (based on A,B,C AND D para)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
2.74
-207.41
3.64
-98.38
8.70
-36.62
28.72
-9.09
59.47
-38.08
24.77
-54.27
10.28
-43.59
5.38
-35.47
3.25
-29.91
2.15
-25.92
1.50613301
-2.29E+01

Here there is a small resistance of 1E-7 is connecte as a load

F
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000

Line length: 100km

ATP input
R (ohm/km)L (mH/Km) C (uF/km) R(ohm/m) L (mH/m)
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429
0.1063
0.4293
0.151 0.0001063 0.000429

mall resistance of 1E-7 is connecte as a load after pi circuit

ATP input

PSCAD input
PSCAD results
ATP results
C (uF/m) R (ohm/m) Xl (ohm/m)
Xc (Mohm-m) R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms) X (ohms)
0.000151 0.0001063 0.000134869 21.0801249
11.34
13.64
11.34
13.64
0.000151 0.0001063 0.000269737 10.5400625
13.93
30.13
13.93
30.13
0.000151 0.0001063 0.000539474 5.27003123
42.80
101.72
42.78
101.67
0.000151 0.0001063 0.000809211 3.51335415
231.29
-302.50
231.72
-302.51
0.000151 0.0001063 0.001078949 2.63501561
9.34
-101.20
9.34
-101.22
0.000151 0.0001063 0.001348686 2.10801249
2.17
-61.08
2.17
-61.08
0.000151 0.0001063 0.001618423 1.75667708
0.81
-44.80
0.811
-44.81
0.000151 0.0001063 0.00188816 1.50572321
0.38
-35.80
0.38
-35.8
0.000151 0.0001063 0.002157897 1.31750781
0.20
-30.00
0.21
-30
0.000151 0.0001063 0.002427634 1.17111805
0.12
-25.92
0.12
-25.91
0.000151 0.0001063 0.002697371 1.05400625
0.08
-22.86
0.076
-22.86

voltage
P

110 Kv
70 MW

R
R Load :

172.8571429

F
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000

Line length: 100km

R (ohm/km)
0.1063
0.1063
0.1063
0.1063
0.1063
0.1063
0.1063
0.1063
0.1063
0.1063
0.1063

unit
ohm
Line length: 100km
ATP input
L (mH/Km)
C (uF/km)
R(ohm/m)
L (mH/m)
C (uF/m)
R (ohm/m)
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063
0.4293
0.151
0.0001063
0.0004293
0.000151 0.0001063

PSCAD input

PSCAD input
PSCAD results
ATP results
Xl (ohm/m)
Xc (Mohm-m) R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms) X (ohms)
0.000134869
21.08012491 115.1069102 -81.3463651
115.1
-81.34
0.000269737
10.54006246 59.51353587 -70.5859078
59.58
-70.58
0.000539474
5.270031228 32.32692122 -33.274478
32.32
-33.28
0.000809211
3.513354152 46.93039957 -4.01005853
46.91
-4.01
0.001078949
2.635015614 101.8395641 -80.8568126
101.89
-80.77
0.001348686
2.108012491 11.23667132 -71.4134373
11.25
-71.43
0.001618423
1.756677076 2.410392258 -47.9515189
2.41
-47.96
0.00188816
1.505723208
0.83766515 -37.0144223
0.84
-37.02
0.002157897
1.317507807 0.374027802 -30.5571759
0.37
-30.56
0.002427634
1.171118051
0.19457292 -26.2019108
0.195
-26.2
0.002697371
1.054006246 0.112202523 -23.022931
0.112
-23.02

voltage
P
pf
S
Q

110
70
0.9
77.77778
33.90255

Kv
MW
MVA
MVAr

Series RL Load :

Line lengt
F
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000

R
unit
172.8571 ohm

Unit
1.136064964 H

Line length: 100km

R (ohm/km)L (mH/Km)
C (uF/km)
0.1063
0.4293
0.1063
0.4293
0.1063
0.4293
0.1063
0.4293
0.1063
0.4293
0.1063
0.4293
0.1063
0.4293
0.1063
0.4293
0.1063
0.4293
0.1063
0.4293
0.1063
0.4293

0.151
0.151
0.151
0.151
0.151
0.151
0.151
0.151
0.151
0.151
0.151

R(ohm/m)
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063

ATP input
L (mH/m)
C (uF/m)
0.0004293
0.0004293
0.0004293
0.0004293
0.0004293
0.0004293
0.0004293
0.0004293
0.0004293
0.0004293
0.0004293

0.000151
0.000151
0.000151
0.000151
0.000151
0.000151
0.000151
0.000151
0.000151
0.000151
0.000151

R (ohm/m)
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063
0.0001063

PSCAD input
Xl (ohm/m)
0.000134869
0.000269737
0.000539474
0.000809211
0.001078949
0.001348686
0.001618423
0.00188816
0.002157897
0.002427634
0.002697371

Xc (Mohm-m)
21.08012491
10.54006246
5.270031228
3.513354152
2.635015614
2.108012491
1.756677076
1.505723208
1.317507807
1.171118051
1.054006246

PSCAD results
ATP results
R (ohms)
X (ohms) R (ohms) X (ohms)
150.91
-340.27
150.89
-340.28
7.44
-117.57
7.43
-117.57
4.75
-38.45
4.75
-38.45
13.51
7.06
13.50
7.03
254.55
-89.19
254.72
-88.60
7.22
-76.12
7.23
-76.13
1.55
-48.47
1.55
-48.47
0.58
-37.13
0.58
-37.12
0.28
-30.59
0.28
-30.59
0.15
-26.21
0.15
-26.21
0.09
-23.03
0.09
-23.03

Line length: 1km

Lppspice input
R (ohm/km) L (mH/Km) C (uF/km)
R (ohm)
50
0.1063
0.4293
0.151
0.1063
1000
1.1946
0.2976
0.151
1.1946

Line length: 1km

Lppspice input
R (ohm/km) L (mH/Km) C (uF/km)
R (ohm)
50
0.1063
0.4293
0.151
0.1063
1000
1.1946
0.2976
0.151
1.1946

Lppspice input
ONE * 1km pi
TWO * 1km pi
Five * 1km pi
Ten * 1km pi
L (H)
C (F)
R (ohm)
X (ohm)
R (ohm) X (ohm)
R (ohm) X (ohm)
R (ohm)
0.000429 7.55E-08
0.03679 -21080.1 0.073584 -10540.1
0.1766 4215.79
0.3568
0.000298 7.55E-08
0.299
-1053.4
0.7488
-525.83
1.986
-207.71
4.074

Lppspice input
50 * 1km pi
75 * 1km pi
100 * 1km pi
125 * 1km pi
L (H)
C (F)
R (ohm)
X (ohm)
R (ohm) X (ohm)
R (ohm) X (ohm)
R (ohm)
0.000429 7.55E-08
1.792
-419.35
2.7
-277.7
3.61
-206.3
4.53
0.000298 7.55E-08

Ten * 1km pi
25 * 1km pi
X (ohm)
R (ohm) X (ohm)
-2107.56
0.894
-842.08
-99.1389

125 * 1km pi
150 * 1km pi
X (ohm)
R (ohm) X (ohm)
-163
5.47
-133.77

50 hz
Length km
25
50
75
100
125
150

R
842.082
419.358
277.707
206.33
163.071
133.88

-89.9392
-89.7552
-89.4439
-88.9982
-88.4078
-87.6585

X
0.894
1.792
2.7
3.61
4.53
5.47

-842.08
-419.35
-277.7
-206.3
-163
-133.77

Frequency in Hz
50
1000

150
125
100
75
50
25
10
5
2
1

50.0233
48.4393
42.7288
63.7399
41.3676
28.4496
99.2226
207.719
525.834
1053.54

R (ohm/km)
L (mH/Km)
C (uF/km)
0.1063
0.4293
0.151
1.1946
0.2976
0.151

-17.7565
-11.7304
-21.3542
-21.6848
13.3344
-65.8005
-87.6467
-89.4523
-89.9184
-89.9837

75
100
125
150

F = 50 Hz

1
2
5
10
25

50
75
100
125
150

F = 1000 Hz

1
2
5
10
25
50
75
100
125
150

Lumped model m code and ATP working in same way

F = 50 Hz
Line Lengths in KM
1
2
5
10
25
50
75
100
125
150

Lumped model (m code)

Lumped model (ATP)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
0.02657509
-21080.0912
0.026575039
-21080.0912
0.05315068
-10539.99502
0.053150724
-10539.99502
0.13288563
-4215.856394
0.132885626
-4215.856394
0.26583503
-2107.675299
0.265835028
-2107.675299
0.66570489
-842.3617495
0.665704833
-842.3617888
1.33942718
-419.9141112
1.339427183
-419.9141112
2.02937546
-278.5311097
2.029376035
-278.5310697
2.74414571
-207.4098853
2.744145714
-207.4098853
3.49292718
-164.3888919
3.492797514
-164.3888454
4.285722
-135.4138895
4.285721999
-135.4138895

F = 1000 Hz
Line Lengths in KM
1
2
5
10
25
50
75
100
125
150

Lumped model (m code)

Lumped model (ATP)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
0.29891506
-1053.538654
0.298915421
-1053.538025
0.59942418
-526.0672039
0.599427042
-526.0659427
1.5268447
-208.4486343
1.526890719
-208.4454223
3.26726719
-100.6058561
3.267674486
-100.5989938
13.48173612
-29.29474715
13.49485708
-29.2695852
29.07295867
-46.62525745
29.05449009
-46.68354771
4.6911738
-32.50646936
4.681334134
-32.50709007
1.50613301
-22.90608545
1.503025895
-22.90548069
0.68165953
-17.77711648
0.680292741
-17.77668648
0.36940533
-14.573694
0.368672507
-14.57343752

F = 50 Hz
Line Lengths in KM
1
2
5
10
25

Lumped model (m code)

Lumped model (ATP)
Z (ohms)
theta (degree)
Z (ohms)
theta (degree)
21080.0912
-89.99992777
21080.0912
-89.99992777
10539.99502
-89.99971107
10539.99502
-89.99971107
4215.856396
-89.99819401
4215.856396
-89.99819401
2107.675316
-89.99277345
2107.675316
-89.99277345
842.3620125
-89.95472008
842.3620519
-89.95472009

50
75
100
125
150

419.9162474
278.5385026
207.4280378
164.4259965
135.4816921

-89.81724057
-89.58255079
-89.24198987
-88.78276523
-88.18724766

419.9162474
278.5384627
207.4280378
164.4259472
135.4816921

-89.81724057
-89.58255061
-89.24198987
-88.78281005
-88.18724766

F = 1000 Hz
Line Lengths in KM
1
2
5
10
25
50
75
100
125
150

Lumped model (m code)

Lumped model (ATP)
Z (ohms)
theta (degree)
Z (ohms)
theta (degree)
1053.538696
-89.98374377
1053.538067
-89.98374374
526.0675454
-89.93471469
526.0662843
-89.93471422
208.4542262
-89.58032734
208.4510146
-89.58030823
100.6588958
-88.13992091
100.6520504
-88.13956238
32.24809172
-65.28763894
32.23072735
-65.24775038
54.94680662
-58.05459305
54.98651672
-58.10306006
32.84322855
-81.78805131
32.84243892
-81.80519591
22.95554807
-86.23807289
22.95474096
-86.2457126
17.79018072
-87.80408204
17.78969872
-87.8084278
14.57837498
-88.54801156
14.57810003
-88.55086528

Length
km
150 km

1km Cascaded Lumped model (Pspice)

1km Cascaded Lumped model (ATP)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
0.03679
-21080.1
0.0266
-21080.09
0.073583779
-10540.1
0.0664
-10539.97
0.1766
4215.79
0.1754
-4215.8
0.3568
-2107.56
0.353
-2107.56
0.894
-842.08
0.89
-842.08
1.792
-419.35
1.78
-419.35
2.7
-277.7
2.67
-277.69
3.61
-206.3
3.57
-206.33
4.53
-163
4.49
-163.01
5.47
-133.77
5.41
-133.77

1km Cascaded Lumped model (Pspice)

1km Cascaded Lumped model (ATP)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
0.299
-1053.54
0.299
-1053.53
0.75
-525.83
0.7478
-525.83
1.99
-207.71
1.98
-207.7
4.07
-99.14
4.07
-99.13
11.66
-25.95
11.66
-25.92
40.25
9.54
40.29
9.62
59.22
-23.55
59.26
-23.61
39.79
-15.56
39.56
-15.522
46.13
-14.77
47.47
-9.81
47.64
-15.25
47.65
-15.25

Z (ohms)

1km Cascaded Lumped model (Pspice)

1km Cascaded Lumped model (ATP)
theta (degree)
Z (ohms)
theta (degree)
21080.1
-89.9999
21080.09
-89.9999277
10540.1
-89.9996
10539.97
-89.99963905
4215.790004
89.99759987
4215.800004
-89.99761619
2107.56003
-89.99030009
2107.56003
-89.9904034
842.0804746
-89.93917157
842.0804703
-89.93944373

419.3538288
277.7131254
206.3315829
163.0629354
133.8817904

Z (ohms)

-89.75516058
-89.4429466
-88.99749561
-88.4080792
-87.65841812

419.3537777
277.7028358
206.3608824
163.0718253
133.8793524

-89.75680011
-89.44911586
-89.00874558
-88.42222551
-87.68407463

1km Cascaded Lumped model (Pspice)

1km Cascaded Lumped model (ATP)
theta (degree)
Z (ohms)
theta (degree)
1053.540042
-89.98373917
1053.530042
-89.98373901
525.8305349
-89.91827814
525.8305317
-89.91851786
207.7195325
-89.4510851
207.7094374
-89.45381701
99.2235078
-87.64915322
99.21351622
-87.64891633
28.44921967
-65.80439482
28.42185779
-65.77960807
41.36513145
13.33410799
41.42256028
13.42902085
63.73076886
-21.68621708
63.79012228
-21.72301813
42.72420508
-21.35813373
42.49618905
-21.42335557
48.43686406
-17.75413522
48.47305437
-11.67619764
50.02131646
-17.75034447
50.03084049
-17.74685307

Length
km
150 km

PSPICE 0.5 KM * 300 SECTIONS

R (OHMS)
x (OHMS)
51.56

ATP 0.5 KM * 300 SECTIONS

R (OHMS)
9.3
47.65

Distributed model (m code)

R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
0.03543336
-21080.07996
0.07086691
-10539.97254
0.17717045
-4215.800201
0.35436356
-2107.562922
0.88630584
-842.0809784
1.77545184
-419.353784
2.67030393
-277.6935779
3.57377991
-206.2984698
4.48887605
-163.007607
5.41869471
-133.7670244

Distributed model (ATP)

X (ohms)
0.041249676
-21220.61405
0.082500177
-10610.23948
0.206252739
-4243.906667
0.412521885
-2121.615603
1.031592089
-847.7004665
2.065240801
-422.160434
3.103023262
-279.560623
4.147057765
-207.6935151
5.199524775
-164.1168926
6.262688412
-134.6827894

Distributed model (m code -1)

X (ohms)
R (ohms)
0.39829421
-1053.38291
0.79715419
-525.7561899
2.00283862
-207.6793445
4.07829065
-99.12438702
11.65168591
-25.9473579
40.22829403
8.68885367
42.98682294
-24.03840312
-56.98472228
-25.75151692
-6.87239213
-85.10966058
3.44568836
-61.60768125

Distributed model (ATP)

X (ohms)
0.446316081
-1060.404582
0.89302905
-529.2594114
2.239560291
-209.0583024
4.530256198
-99.76654552
12.36846792
-25.90932217
37.5524969
13.34019153
67.11747842
-0.441231983
55.03707587
3.990972015
57.24157683
37.07163323
66.9375368
-1142.220047

Distributed model (m code)

theta (degree)
Z (ohms)
21080.07996
-89.99990369
10539.97254
-89.99961476
4215.800204
-89.99759213
2107.562952
-89.99036634
842.0814448
-89.93969515

Distributed model (ATP)

theta (degree)
21220.61405
-89.99988863
10610.23948
-89.9995545
4243.906672
-89.99721544
2121.615643
-89.98885955
847.7010942
-89.93027508

R (ohms)

Z (ohms)

419.3575424
277.7064165
206.3294224
163.0694022
133.8767309

Z (ohms)

-89.7574237
-89.44906025
-89.00754462
-88.42259712
-87.6803051

Distributed model (m code -1)

theta (degree)
Z (ohms)
1053.382985
-89.97833592
525.7567942
-89.91312792
207.6890019
-89.44746242
99.20824843
-87.64399928
28.44340286
-65.81748997
41.15594512
12.18801018
49.25151542
-29.21409491
62.53318477
-155.6816884
85.386674
-94.61647483
61.70396387
-86.79880937

422.1654857
279.5778437
207.7349136
164.1992372
134.8283169

-89.71970695
-89.36406339
-88.85611577
-88.18537138
-87.33769005

Distributed model (ATP)

theta (degree)
1060.404676
-89.97588465
529.2601648
-89.90332388
209.0702978
-89.38623607
99.86934878
-87.40006655
28.71013713
-64.48134767
39.85160892
19.557131
67.11892874
-0.376658463
55.18158731
4.147500748
68.1975374
32.92849574
1144.179736
-86.64613056

ATP 0.5 KM * 300 SECTIONS

x (OHMS)
-15.24

Frequency in
R (ohm/km)
Hz
L (mH/Km) C (uF/km)
50
0.1063
0.4293
0.151
1000
1.1946
0.2976
0.151

F = 50 Hz
Line Lengths in KM

1
2
3
4

1
2
3

For constants A,B,C and D:

m-code 1 uses appropriate series of hyperbolic
function
m-code 2 uses approximate series of hyperbolic
function
m-code 3 uses hyperbolic function
m-code 4 uses hyperbolic function with Length considered
in the equation
m-code 3 and m-code 4 gives same results
In m-code 3 R,L an C are manipulated for the desired
distance
In m-code 4 hyperbolic function is a function of
desired length

1
2
5
10
25
50
75
100
125
150

F =1000 Hz
Line Lengths in KM
1
2
5
10
25
50
75
100
125
150

Distributed model (m code-1)

Distributed model (m code- 2)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
0.03543336
-21080.07996
0.03543341
-21080.07996
0.07086691
-10539.97254
0.07086727
-10539.97254
0.17717045
-4215.800201
0.17717611
-4215.800199
0.35436356
-2107.562922
0.35440891
-2107.562911
0.88630584
-842.0809784
0.88701499
-842.0808085
1.77545184
-419.353784
1.78114246
-419.3524329
2.67030393
-277.6935779
2.68960784
-277.689064
3.57377991
-206.2984698
3.61986452
-206.2879267
4.48887605
-163.007607
4.57971264
-162.9874205
5.41869471
-133.7670244
5.57742366
-133.7330328

Distributed model (m code-1)

Distributed model (m code- 2)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
0.39829421
-1053.38291
0.39843557
-1053.382845
0.79715419
-525.7561899
0.79828671
-525.7556667
2.00283862
-207.6793445
2.02071858
-207.6711948
4.07829065
-99.12438702
4.22674741
-99.06007136
11.65168591
-25.9473579
14.67224299
-25.17049589
40.22829403
8.68885367
68.41080391
-25.45929468
42.98682294
-24.03840312
19.03642007
-54.04172033
-56.98472228
-25.75151692
5.38309769
-37.19647545
-6.87239213
-85.10966058
2.28161485
-28.09447535
3.44568836
-61.60768125
1.1941742
-22.66836621

3 and 4 results are same

Distributed model (m code - 3)
Distributed model (m code - 4)
Distributed model (ATP)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
0.03543336
-21080.07996
0.03543336
-21080.07996
0.041249676
0.07086691
-10539.97254
0.07086691
-10539.97254
0.082500177
0.17717045
-4215.800201
0.17717045
-4215.800201
0.206252739
0.35436356
-2107.562922
0.35436356
-2107.562922
0.412521885
0.88630584
-842.0809784
0.88630584
-842.0809784
1.031592089
1.77545184
-419.353784
1.77545184
-419.353784
2.065240801
2.67030392
-277.6935779
2.67030392
-277.6935779
3.103023262
3.57377981
-206.2984696
3.57377981
-206.2984696
4.147057765
4.48887561
-163.0076061
4.48887561
-163.0076061
5.199524775
5.41869315
-133.7670212
5.41869315
-133.7670212
6.262688412

3 and 4 results are same

Distributed model (m code - 3)
Distributed model (m code - 4)
Distributed model (ATP)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
0.39829421
-1053.38291
0.39829421
-1053.38291
0.446316081
0.79715419
-525.7561899
0.79715419
-525.7561899
0.89302905
2.00283859
-207.6793445
2.00283859
-207.6793445
2.239560291
4.07828712
-99.12438388
4.07828712
-99.12438388
4.530256198
11.64940233
-25.94472691
11.64940233
-25.94472691
12.36846792
40.21156744
9.56955905
40.21156744
9.56955905
37.5524969
59.25441611
-23.53626144
59.25441611
-23.53626144
67.11747842
39.77227185
-15.55159635
39.77227185
-15.55159635
55.03707587
47.41215592
-9.81557398
47.41215592
-9.81557398
57.24157683
47.6365071
-15.23937174
47.6365071
-15.23937174
66.9375368

Distributed model (ATP)

X (ohms)
-21220.61405
-10610.23948
-4243.906667
-2121.615603
-847.7004665
-422.160434
-279.560623
-207.6935151
-164.1168926
-134.6827894

Distributed model (ATP)

X (ohms)
-1060.404582
-529.2594114
-209.0583024
-99.76654552
-25.90932217
13.34019153
-0.441231983
3.990972015
37.07163323
-1142.220047

RESISTANCE (OHMS)

1000 HZ HARMONICS
80
70

60
50
40

LUMPED PI MODEL

30

CASCADED PI MODEL

20

DISTRIBUTED LINE MODEL (ATP)

10
0
0

25

50

75

100

125

150

LENGTH OF TRANSMISSION LINE IN KM

RESISTANCE (OHMS)

50 HZ HARMONICS
7

6
5
4

LUMPED PI MODEL

CASCADED PI MODEL

DISTRIBUTED LINE MODEL (ATP)

0
0

25

50

75

100

125

LENGTH OF TRANSMISSION LINE IN KM

150

LUMPED PI MODEL
CASCADED PI MODEL
DISTRIBUTED LINE MODEL (ATP)

REACTANCE (OHMS)

1000 HZ HARMONICS
100
0
-100 0
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800
-900
-1000
-1100

25

50

75

100

125

150

LENGTH OF TRANSMISSION LINE IN KM

LUMPED PI MODEL
CASCADED PI MODEL
DISTRIBUTED LINE MODEL (ATP)

REACTANCE (OHMS)

50 HZ HARMONICS
100
0
-100 0
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
-700
-800
-900
-1000
-1100

25

50

75

100

125

LENGTH OF TRANSMISSION LINE IN KM

150

HARMONICS
Frequency in Hz

R (ohm/km)
L (mH/Km)
1000
1.1946
0.2976

Frequency in Hz

R (ohm/km)
L (mH/Km)
50
0.1063
0.4293

150

LUMPED PI MODEL
CASCADED PI MODEL
DISTRIBUTED LINE MODEL(ATP)

HARMONICS
150

LUMPED PI MODEL

CASCADED PI MODEL
DISTRIBUTED LINE MODEL(ATP)

C (uF/km)
0.151

C (uF/km)
0.151

Case A

Length = 110 km

Open circuit cable

1 * 110 sections
1km Cascaded Lumped model (ATP)
Frequency in (Hz) R (ohms)
50
3.97
1000
42.16

1 * 110 sections
1km Cascaded Lumped model (ATP)
X (ohms)

1 * 110 sections
1km Cascaded Lumped model (PSPICE)
Distributed model (ATP)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
-184.91
4.01
-184.91
4.61
-10.48
43.11
-10.77
54.6

Distributed model (ATP)

X (ohms)
-186.17
14.97

Case B

GRID: 262 MVA

Length = 110 km

1 * 110 sections
1km Cascaded Lumped model (ATP)
Frequency in (Hz)
R (ohms)
50
68.76
1000
41.88

GRID: 780 MVA

Length = 110 km

1 * 110 sections
1km Cascaded Lumped model (ATP)
Frequency in (Hz)
R (ohms)
50
20.07
1000
41.37

1 * 110 sections
1 * 110 sections
ascaded Lumped model (ATP)
1km Cascaded Lumped model (PSPICE)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
106.48
68.92
106.46
-10.74
41.86
-10.78

1 * 110 sections
ascaded Lumped model (ATP)
X (ohms)

1 * 110 sections
1km Cascaded Lumped model (PSPICE)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
41.41
20.2
41.41
-11.28
41.36
-11.33

Distributed model (ATP)

69.04
55.57

Distributed model (ATP)

20.31
57.35

stributed model (ATP)

X (ohms)
106.03
14.77

stributed model (ATP)

X (ohms)
41.18
14.59

Case A

Open circuit cable

Length = 110 km

1 * 110 sections
1km Cascaded Lumped model (ATP)
R (ohms)
3.97
4.94
8.87
17.46
35.65
67.32
74.28
53.46
42.33
40.11
42.16

Frequency in (Hz)
50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000

1 * 110 sections
1km Cascaded Lumped model (ATP)
X (ohms)
-184.91
-84.89
-26.91
0.34
18.36
15.76
-17.62
-28.18
-21.96
-14.93
-10.48

1 * 110 sections
1km Cascaded Lumped model (PSPICE)
Distributed model (ATP)
R (ohms)
X (ohms)
R (ohms)
4.01
-184.91
4.57
4.98
-84.9
5.54
8.92
-26.89
9.24
17.51
0.3
16.04
35.75
18.36
23.73
67.18
15.64
28.43
74.18
-17.55
31.01
53.46
-28.15
33.26
42.35
-21.97
36.03
40.13
-14.9
39.52
42.14
-10.53
66.94

Distributed model (ATP)

X (ohms)
-187.95
-29.89
-10.53
-2.5
-0.64
-1.42
-0.721
1.86
5.42
9.76
-140.27