Open Web Joist System

TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE SUBJECT Quality Assurance Detailing with Open Web Steel Joists Combined Bridging Tables Girder and Joist Connections, Bridging Details Square Ends, Added Members, Uplift Sloped Seats Field Bolted Splice, Pitched Joists, Duct Openings Engineering with Open Web Steel Joists Load / Span Design, Sloped Joists, Special Loads End Moments Standing Seam Roof, Joists Longer than SJI Special Shapes OSHA Highlights Floor Vibration Joist Substitutes, Outriggers and Extensions, Headers Design Economy Steel Joist Institute History and General Information 2002 Revisions to Specifications SJI History SJI Policy, Membership, Publications SJI Joists and Fire Resistance SJI K-Series K-Series TCX, Extended Ends K-Series Specs Sections 1 through 6 K-Series Definition of span K-Series Standard Load Tables SJI KCS and K-Series Economy Tables K-Series KCS joists example K-Series KCS joists Load Table K-Series Economy Table SJI LH & DLH Series LH-DLH-Series Specs Sections 100 through 105 LH-Series Std Load Table DLH-Series Std Load Table SJI Joist Girders Joist Girders Specs Sections 1000 to 1006 Canam Joist Girder Tables Conventional Girder, Wood Nailer Girder Recommended Code of Standard Practice Sections 1 through 8 Referenced Specs, Codes, and Standards Appendices on OSHA regulations Bay Length Definitions OSHA Steel Erection Std (OWSJ) Illustration of Bridging Terminus Canam Lists Joist, Joist Girder, Bridging and Accessories Lists Take-off Sheets Mailing Addresses and Telephone Internet Addresses, Web Site Plan 6 8
steel Corporation
Pages identified with a red tab or the Canam logo as shown above are Canams supplement to the Steel Joist Institute (SJI) 41st EDITION, STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS, LOAD TABLES & WEIGHT TABLES FOR STEEL JOISTS AND JOIST GIRDERS, meant to advance the easy application of steel joists in North American construction.
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Pages identified with the black tab or the SJI logo as shown above are a reproduction of the SJIs 41st EDITION, STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS, LOAD TABLES & WEIGHT TABLES FOR STEEL JOISTS AND JOIST GIRDERS, provided in this catalog by Canam.
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78
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Canam and Design, Red Dot Design, Murox, and Sun Steel Buildings are registered trademarks of The Canam Manac Group Inc. Solutions + Services is a trademark of The Canam Manac Group Inc. Hambro is a trademark of Hambro International (Structures) Ltd.
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5 4
steel Corporation
8 9
Vancouver Calgary Issaquah Spokane
8
Qubec Saint-Gdon Moncton
Sunnyside
6 7
Wayzata Dtroit Madison Chicago Laval Brockville Chittenango Saint-Joseph Boucherville Poland Spring Boston
Gold Hill
Mississauga
2
Columbus Overland Park Washington
Wynnewood Baltimore Point of Rocks Purcellville Virginia Beach
Indianapolis Peru
Los Angeles Carlsbad Peoria
Cordova Lawrenceville
11
Ciudad Jurez San Antonio
Jacksonville
Chihuahua
West Palm Beach Hypoluxo Deerfield Beach
10
Monterrey
PLANTS
UNITED STATES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Point of Rocks, Maryland Columbus, Ohio Jacksonville, Florida Sunnyside, Washington Washington, Missouri
10
Mxico
CANADA
11
Saint-Gdon, Quebec Boucherville, Quebec Calgary, Alberta Mississauga, Ontario
MEXICO
Plant Canam Sales Office
10 Monterrey, Nuevo Len 11 Ciudad Jurez, Chihuahua
steel Corporation
QUALITY ASSURANCE
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Total client satisfaction: exceptional service
Excellent relations with our personnel
First quality products: non-negotiable
Low-cost producer
Clean and orderly working environment
Good corporate citizen
steel Corporation
QUALITY ASSURANCE
PLANT AND PRODUCT CERTIFICATIONS
Over the years, we have established strict quality standards. All our welders, inspectors, and quality assurance technicians are certified by the American Welding Society or the Canadian Welding Bureau. We do visual inspections on 100% of the welded joints and non-destructive testing if required.
Plants
United States
Columbus, OH Sunnyside, WA Jacksonville, FL Point of Rocks, MD Washington, MO Boucherville, QC Saint-Gdon, QC Mississauga, ON Calgary, AB Juarez, CHIH Monterrey, NL
SJI
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
AISC
CWB
Yes
ISO
UL
Steel Deck Hambro Steel Deck & Hambro
ULC
ICBO
Steel Deck & Plant
FM
Steel Deck Steel Deck Steel Deck
SJI: AISC: CWB: ISO: UL: ULC: ICBO:
Cbd, Cbr, P Cbd, P Cbd Cbd, Cbr, P, F Yes Yes Yes Yes 9002 9001
Mex. Canada
Steel Deck Hambro Steel Deck Hambro
Steel Deck Hambro Steel Deck Steel Deck
Steel Deck Hambro Steel Deck Steel Deck Plant
FM: Cbd: Cbr: P: F:
Steel Joist Institute American Institute of Steel Construction Canadian Welding Bureau International Organization for Standardization Underwriters Laboratories Underwriters Laboratories of Canada International Conference of Building Officials Factory Mutual Complex Steel Building Structures Major Steel Bridges Sophisticated Paint Endorsement Fracture Critical Endorsement
Canam has been producing open web steel joists for the last 40 years and has developed expertise in engineering and fabrication to better serve our customers with quality products. With five plants in the United States, three in Canada, and two in Mexico, the Canam team can deliver all types of joists where and when you need them from any of our SJI certified plants. In our search for quality, Canam has introduced a series of small cold formed channels to provide individual web members for most steel joists spanning over thirty feet. These straight web members allow an easier weld with the chord members.
PAINT
Canams standard shop paint is GRAY primer. Other primer colors may be available at some locations. The typical shop applied primer that is used to coat steel joists and joist girders is a dip-applied, air dried paint. The primer is intended to be an impermanent and provisional coating which will protect the steel for only a short period of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions. Since most steel joists and joist girders are primed using a standard dip coating, the coating may not be uniform and may include drips, runs, and sags. Compatibility of any coating, including fire protective coatings, applied over standard shop primer shall be the responsibility of the specifier and/or painting contractor. The primer coating may require field touch-up/repair. The joist manufacturer shall not be responsible for the condition of the primer if it is not properly protected after delivery.
ENGINEERING & DRAFTING

Our engineering staff is ready and willing to help you with any technical matters you may have with the use of open web steel joists. We have developed a taste for technically challenging projects. We like to innovate and find whats best for our customers. Canam has developed enough drafting capacity so that 100% of our drawings are done by Canam employees. Canam is not using sub-contractors to perform any of our technical work. This way, we can ensure quick response time, quality, and consistency to our customers.
steel Corporation
DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
COMBINED BRIDGING TABLES

NUMBER OF ROWS OF BRIDGING**
K-SERIES Refer to the K-Series Load Table and Specification Section 6 for required bolted diagonal bridging.
Distances are Joist Span lengths See Definition of Span on page 49.
*Section Number #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 1 Row Up thru 16 Up thru 17 Up thru 18 Up thru 19 Up thru 19 Up thru 19 Up thru 20 Up thru 20 Up thru 20 Up thru 20 Up thru 20 Up thru 20 Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over 2 Rows 16 17 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru thru 24 25 28 28 29 29 33 33 33 37 38 39 Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over 3 Rows 24 thru 25 thru 28 thru 28 thru 29 thru 29 thru 33 thru 33 thru 33 thru 37 thru 38 thru 39 thru 28 32 38 38 39 39 45 45 46 51 53 53 4 Rows 5 Rows
Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over
38 38 39 39 45 45 46 51 53 53
thru 40 thru 48 thru 50 thru 51 thru 58 thru 58 thru 59 thru 60 thru 60 thru 60
Over Over Over Over Over
50 51 58 58 59
thru 52 thru 56 thru 60 thru 60 thru 60
** Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table. ** See Section 5.11 of the K-Series specification for additional bridging required for uplift design.
MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR HORIZONTAL BRIDGING

**BRIDGING MATERIAL SIZE K-SERIES SECTION NUMBER* 1 thru 9 10 11 and 12 Round Rod 1/2 round r = .13 3-3 3-0 2-7 1-1/8 CF 1 HR r = .20 5-0 4-8 4-0 Equal Leg Angles HR = Hot Rolled CF = Cold Formed 1-3/8 CF 1-1/4 HR r = .25 6-3 6-3 5-8 1-5/8 CF 1-1/2 HR r = .30 7-6 7-6 7-6 1-7/8 CF 1-3/4 HR r = .35 8-7 8-7 8-7 2-1/8 CF 2 HR r = .40 10-0 10-0 10-0 2-1/2 HR r = .50 12-6 12-6 12-6
** Refer to last digit(s) of Joist Designation ** Connection to Joist must resist 700 pounds
Certain joists require bolted diagonal bridging for erection stability for spans less than 60 feet. The chart below lists those designations and the minimum spans at which bolted diagonal bridging is required. All joists over 60 feet require erection stability bridging.
12K1 14K1 16K2 16K3 16K4 16K5 18K3 18K4 18K5 18K6 20K3 20K4 20K5 20K6 20K7 20K9 23 27 29 30 32 32 31 32 33 35 32 34 34 36 39 39 ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. 22K4 22K5 22K6 22K7 22K9 24K4 24K5 24K6 24K7 24K8 24K9 26K5 26K6 26K7 26K8 26K9 34 35 36 40 40 36 38 39 43 43 44 38 39 43 44 44 ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. 26K10 28K6 28K7 28K8 28K9 28K10 28K12 30K7 30K8 30K9 30K10 30K11 30K12 18LH02 20LH02 20LH03 49 40 43 44 45 49 53 44 45 45 50 52 54 33 33 38 ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. 24LH03 24LH04 24LH05 24LH06 28LH05 28LH06 28LH07 28LH08 32LH06 32LH07 32LH08 36LH07 36LH08 36LH09 35 39 40 45 42 46 54 54 47 47 55 47 47 57 ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft. ft.
On Canams framing plans, the erection stability bridging lines are identified with the following symbol and notation: APPROVER / ERECTOR NOTE:
ES
Except for column joists noted as OC, All ERECTION STABILITY bridging lines shall be installed prior to the slackening of hoisting lines.
steel Corporation
COMBINED BRIDGING TABLES

For KCS-Series joists, use the tables for K-Series with an equivalent section number, as shown in the chart below: JOIST DESIGNATION
10KCS1 10KCS2 10KCS3 12KCS1 12KCS2 12KCS3 14KCS1 14KCS2 14KCS3 16KCS2 16KCS3 16KCS4 16KCS5 18KCS2 18KCS3 18KCS4 18KCS5 20KCS2 20KCS3 20KCS4 20KCS5 22KCS2 22KCS3 22KCS4 22KCS5 24KCS2 24KCS3 24KCS4 24KCS5 26KCS2 26KCS3 26KCS4 26KCS5 28KCS2 28KCS3 28KCS4 28KCS5 30KCS3 30KCS4 30KCS5
SERIES
K LH/DLH LH/DLH DLH
BRIDGING BOLT SIZES SECTION NUMBER

ALL 2 - 12 13 - 17 18 & 19
MINIMUM BOLT SIZE

3/8 A307 3/8 A307 1/2A307 or 3/8 A325 5/8 A307 or 1/2A325
LH-DLH *SECTION NUMBER

02,03,04 05,06 07,08 09,10 11,12 13,14 15,16 17 18,19
MAX. SPACING OF LINES OF BRIDGING

11-0 12-0 13-0 14-0 16-0 16-0 21-0 21-0 26-0
HORIZONTAL BRACING FORCE

lbs 400 500 650 800 1000 1200 1600 1800 2000
BRIDGING TABLE SECT. NO.

1 1 1 3 5 5 4 6 6 6 9 9 9 6 9 10 10 6 9 10 10 6 9 11 11 6 9 12 12 6 9 12 12 6 9 12 12 9 12 12
Number of lines of bridging is based on joist clear span dimensions. *Last two digits of joist designation shown in load table
K, LH & DLH SERIES JOISTS MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR DIAGONAL BRIDGING BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE - (Equal Leg Angles) HR = Hot Rolled CF = Cold Formed
JOIST DEPTH
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
1-1/8 CF 1 HR r = .20
6-6 6-6 6-6 6-6 6-5 6-4 6-4 6-3 6-2 6-2 6-1
1-3/8 CF 1-1/4 HR r = .25

8-3 8-3 8-2 8-2 8-2 8-1 8-1 8-0 8-0 7-11 7-10 7-9 7-7 7-5 7-3
1-5/8 CF 1-1/2 HR r = .30

9-11 9-11 9-10 9-10 9-10 9-10 9-9 9-9 9-8 9-8 9-7 9-6 9-5 9-3 9-2 9-0 8-10 8-7 8-5 8-2 8-0
1-7/8 CF 1-3/4 HR r = .35

11-7 11-7 11-6 11-6 11-6 11-6 11-5 11-5 11-5 11-4 11-4 11-3 11-2 11-0 10-11 10-9 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2 10-0
2-1/8 CF 2 HR r = .40
13-0 12-11 12-10 12-9 12-8 12-7 12-5 12-4 12-2 12-0 11-10
SECTION NUMBER* 02, 03, 04 05 - 06 07 - 08 09 - 10 11 - 12 13 - 14 15 - 16 17
LH SERIES JOISTS MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR HORIZONTAL BRIDGING SPANS OVER 60 REQUIRE BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING **BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE - (Equal Leg Angle) HR = Hot Rolled CF = Cold Formed 1-1/8 CF 1-3/8 CF 1-5/8 CF 1-7/8 CF 2-1/8 CF 1 HR 1-1/4 HR 1-1/2 HR 1-3/4 HR 2 HR 2-1/2 HR r = .20 r = .25 r = .30 r = .35 r = .40 r = .50 4-7 4-1 3-9 6-3 5-9 5-1 4-6 4-1 3-9 7-6 7-6 6-8 6-0 5-5 4-11 4-3 4-0 8-9 8-9 8-6 7-8 6-10 6-3 5-5 5-1 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 8-11 8-2 7-1 6-8 12-4 12-4 12-4 12-4 12-4 12-4 11-0 10-5
** Refer to last two digits of Joist Designation. ** Connection to joist must resist force listed in Table 104.5.1 of the LH-Series specification.
steel Corporation
GIRDER AND JOIST CONNECTIONS

3 3/4 BOLTS 5 GAGE 1-1/2 3/4 BOLTS 5 GAGE 2 3/4 BOLTS 5 GAGE
7-1/2 6 3
7-1/2 1/2
7-1/2
1 STABILIZER PLATE
1
STABILIZER PLATE
1 STABILIZER PLATE
GIRDER CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
GIRDER CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
GIRDER CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
2-1/2 3 3/4 BOLTS 5 GAGE HALF STD GA 3/4 BOLTS 4 GA, @ LH & DLH 1/2 BOLTS 3-1/2 GA, @ K 7-1/2 6 2-1/2 @ K 5 @ LH
3/4 BOLTS 4 GA, @ LH & DLH 1/2 BOLTS 3-1/2 GA, @ K
2-1/2 @ K 5 @ LH
4 @ K 6 @ LH
1 STABILIZER PLATE
1 STABILIZER PLATE
GIRDER CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
JOIST CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
JOIST CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
1-1/2
3/4 BOLTS 4 GA, @ LH & DLH 1/2 BOLTS 3-1/2 GA, @ K 2-1/2 @ K 5 @ LH 3
3/4 BOLTS 4 GA, @ LH & DLH 1/2 BOLTS 3-1/2 GA, @ K 2-1/2 @ K 5 @ LH 1/2
2-1/2
3/4 BOLTS 4 GA, @ LH & DLH 1/2 BOLTS 3-1/2 GA, @ K
2-1/2 @ K 5 @ LH 4 @ K 6 @ LH
STABILIZER PLATE
STABILIZER PLATE
1 STABILIZER PLATE
JOIST CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
JOIST CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
JOIST CONNECTION
BOLTS NOT BY CANAM
DLH18 and DLH19 will have girder standards.
steel Corporation
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GIRDER AND JOIST BEARING

See page 10 for standard girder and joist connections at columns. Joists not falling directly at a column line have to be welded and/or bolted depending on conditions. As per OSHA, any joists in bays over 40 and bearing on steel framing have to be bolted unless if the joists are assembled on the ground into panels and then set in place. Minimum welds are two 1/8 x 1 long fillet welds for K-Series and two 1/4 x 2 long fillet welds for LH and DLH-Series. K-Series joists shall bear at least 2 1/2 on steel and 4 on masonry while LH, DLH, and girder shall bear a minimum of 4 on steel and 6 on masonry.
2
HORIZ. BRIDGING CUT TO FIT IN FIELD LAP TO BE 2 MIN USE ALL DROPS.
2 1/8 1 TYP MIN
PLAN
BRIDGING DETAILS
1/8 1 TYP MIN SEE PLAN FOR PIECE MARK BRIDGING ANCHOR PIECE MARK BAC = 2 1/2 x 2 1/2 x 3/16 x 2 1/2 LONG ATTACH WITH: 1/2 EXP BOLT (NOT BY CANAM)
BRIDGING ANCHOR PIECE MARK BAC = 2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/16 x 2-1/2 LONG ATTACH WITH: 1/2 EXP BOLT (NOT BY CANAM)
1/4 1/4 1/8 1/8 1 1
2 2
LH SERIES TYP. MIN.
K SERIES TYP. MIN.
WELDED-X BRIDGING SEE PLAN FOR PIECE MARK
MIN 1/8 2
KNEE BRACE ONLY IF REQUIRED BY DESIGN SEE PLAN FOR LOCATIONS TYP MIN
1/8
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SQUARE ENDS
Whenever joists are bottom chord bearing, a row of bolted diagonal cross bridging should be installed from joist to joist at or near the bearing location to provide lateral erection stability.
SQUARE END
ADDED MEMBERS
OF PANEL POINT MORE THAN 3 OF POINT LOAD as specified 3/16
The weight of walls, signage, facia, etc. supported at the end of a cantilever square end must be shown on the contract drawings to be properly considered in the joist design.
FIELD INSTALLED ANGLE BRACE, EACH SIDE NOT BY CANAM~MINIMUM LEG THICKNESS 3/16.
OF PANEL POINT MORE THAN 3 OF POINT LOAD
TYPICAL JOIST REINFORCEMENT AT CONCENTRATED LOADS
FULL DEPTH CANTILEVER END
Joists, including KCS-Series, are not typically designed for localized bending from point loads. Concentrated loads must be applied at joist panel points or field strut angles must be utilized as shown. Canam can provide a specially designed joist with the capability to take point loads without the added struts, if this requirement and the exact location and magnitude of the loads are clearly shown on the contract drawings. Also, Canam can consider the worst case in both the shear and bending moment for a traveling load with no specific location. When a traveling load is specified, the contract drawings should indicate whether the load is to be applied at top or bottom chord, and at any panel point, or at any point with the local bending effects considered.
UPLIFT
Where uplift is a design consideration, the NET uplift value shall be provided on the contract drawings. Additional lines of bridging will be required at the first bottom chord panel points as shown.
UPLIFT BRIDGING: 1 ROW OF HORIZONTAL BRIDGING @ FIRST BOTTOM CHORD PANEL POINT ON EACH END OF JOIST AS SHOWN. TYPICAL ALL JOISTS, ALL BAYS, IN ADDITION TO STANDARD BRIDGING SHOWN ON PLAN.
FIRST BOTTOM CHORD PANEL POINT

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SLOPED SEATS
The shoe depth must always be specified at the gridline. For joists on which the left and right bearings are not at the same level (sloped joist), the exterior and interior shoe depths are determined in such a way as to respect the depth at the gridline.
Interior Shoe Depth
Exterior Shoe Depth
Exterior Shoe Depth
Shoe Depth at gridline
Interior Shoe Depth
Interior Shoe Depth
Shoe Depth at gridline Shoe Depth at gridline
Exterior Shoe Depth
The bearing depth should be increased at sloped joists to insure an adequate depth of bearing seat assembly at the inside end or at the outside end, which depends on which bearing end (left or right) is higher.
12 12
IN 2 M 2 1/
x
IN 2 M 2 1/
Reference lines (gridline) are always at center of bearing steel or inside face of wall.
MINIMUM SHOE DEPTH AT GRIDLINE (in.)

A (in.) 4 5 6 7 8 0.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 1 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 2 3.5 3.5 3.5 5.0 5.0 Joist Sloped (x / 12) 3 3.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 4 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 5 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6 5.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 7 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 8 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.0 9.0
NOTE: Calculations are based on a top chord vertical leg of 2-1/2 (all K-Series and up to LH07).
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Interior Shoe Depth
Exterior Shoe Depth
FIELD BOLTED SPLICE

Field bolted splices can be provided on any joist type when required for shipment or due to site constraints, such as a retrofit use. Note that spliced joists are normally fabricated as one complete piece in Canams shops, and are then separated for shipment. In assembling the joist, the erector must match mates. The joist mates will be marked 1L and 1R or 2L and 2R and so on in addition to regular joist piece marks. Two dissimilar mates will not fit together properly. The metal tag for the left half of the spliced joists will be placed near the bearing end, and this end must be placed to match the tagged end on the framing plan. The metal tag for the right half is placed on the left end of this half, near the splice.
SPLICE
PITCHED JOISTS
Canam can provide longspan joists with a variety of pitched chord configurations.
TOP CHORD SINGLE PITCHED UNDERSLUNG
TOP CHORD SINGLE PITCHED SQUARE ENDS
TOP CHORD DOUBLE PITCHED UNDERSLUNG JOIST TOP CHORD SPLICE CONNECTION
TOP CHORD DOUBLE PITCHED SQUARE ENDS 1
DUCT OPENINGS
JOIST BOTTOM CHORD SPLICE CONNECTION NOTE: QUANTITY AND ARRANGEMENT OF BOLTS AND PLATES MAY VARY. ALL BOLTS ARE TO BE HIGH STRENGTH. (A325 OR A490)
TYP. SPLICE DETAIL
Open web steel joists allow the passage of pipes, conduits, and ducts through the joist. The specifier shall clearly show the size and exact location of ducts which have a fixed location and cannot be field located around the joist webs. To maximize the duct openings in a joist girder, the joist girder can be specified as a VG type. By aligning the vertical web members of the girder with the joists it supports, the duct opening in the girder, between the joists, is maximized. VG GIRDER
DUCT
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MAXIMUM DUCT OPENINGS

DIMENSIONS OF FREE OPENINGS FOR VARIOUS JOIST AND JOIST GIRDER CONFIGURATIONS
NOTE: Since dimension P could vary with the final design, final dimensions of free openings should be verified with Canam.
P P P P
D H L R S
S H D L R S
WEB CONFIGURATIONS (in.) H P 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
OPENINGS (in.) S L 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5
R 5.5 7.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5
JOISTS 4.5 3.5 6.0 4.5 7.5 6.0 8.5 7.0 9.5 7.5 10.5 8.5 11.5 9.0 12.0 9.5 12.5 10.0
WEB CONFIGURATIONS (in.) H P 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 36 40 44 48 54 60 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 26 28 32 36
OPENINGS (in.) S L 8.0 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.5 15.0 17.0 19.5
R 16.5 18.0 19.0 20.5 21.0 22.0 23.0 23.5 24.5 25.5 27.5 30.5 34.0 39.0
When duct-opening dimensions exceed the limits above, some web members must be removed. The shear forces are then transferred through the adjacent web members of the top and bottom chords. The chords will need to be reinforced; this will limit the maximum height of the free opening as well. The maximum opening height should be limited to the joist depth minus 8 (200 mm). If the opening height cannot be limited to this value, contact Canam. Because the shear forces carried by the web members increase along the joist toward the bearing, the location of the duct opening is more critical near the bearings where more shear forces must be transferred through the top and bottom chords. For this reason, the duct-opening center must be located away from a bearing by a distance of at least 2.5 times the joist depth. The best location (for economical reasons) is at the mid span of the joist.
JOISTS 13.0 10.5 14.5 11.5 15.5 12.5 17.0 13.5 17.5 14.0 18.5 15.0 19.5 15.5 20.5 16.5 22.0 17.5 23.5 18.5 25.0 20.0 27.5 22.0 31.0 24.5 35.0 28.0
WEB CONFIGURATIONS (in.) H P 30 36 42 48 54 60 24 24 24 24 24 24
OPENINGS (in.) D S L JOIST GIRDERS 17.0 13.5 10.0 20.0 16.0 11.0 22.5 18.0 12.0 24.5 19.5 13.0 26.0 21.0 13.5 27.5 22.5 14.5
R 20.0 22.5 24.5 26.5 27.5 29.0
Location must be greater than 2.5 x H 4 min.
H 4 min.
steel Corporation
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ENGINEERING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
LOAD / SPAN DESIGN

As an alternate to a standard joist designation in the load tables, Canam can design and manufacture a special load/span joist for the exact uniform load requirements. A load/span joist should be designated as follows: ddKSPtl/ll ie. 24KSP300/175 dd = depth in inches tl = total load in plf ll = live load in plf Live load deflection will be governed by L/360 for floors or L/240 for roof unless noted otherwise on the contract drawings. A load/span joist can be used for either K, LH or DLH-Series.
SPECIAL LOADS
PT. LD. PT. LD.
LIVE LOAD= DEAD LOAD=
PT. LD.
SLOPED JOISTS
For sloped joists, the load and span shall be defined as outlined below. This allows the use of the load tables for joists with slopes larger than 1/2 inch per foot. Span: The span of a parallel chord sloped joist shall be defined by the length along the slope. Minimum depth, loadcarrying capacity, and bridging requirements shall be determined by the sloped definition of span. The Standard Load Table capacity shall be the component normal to the joist. Load: Where the design live load is applied vertically over the plan length and the design dead load is applied vertically over the sloped length, select a joist with Load-Table capacity = LL*cos2 + DL*cos Canam will automatically design for the component of the load parallel to the joist which acts as a top chord axial load.
LL
LL * cos 2
DL
DL * cos
SP AN
LOAD-TABLE CAPACITY
Canams design programs allow for the consideration of numerous special loading conditions. Where special loads, such as snow drifting or equipment loads, will be placed on a joist, the loading information can best be conveyed by using a load diagram such as the sample shown here. It is important for the load diagram to clearly indicate which point loads are applied at the joist top chord, and which are suspended from the bottom chord. And it is important to clearly locate mechanical loads to avoid delays in joist fabrication. Unless specifically instructed otherwise, it is assumed that field added strut angles will be utilized as described on page 12. Canam has two design capabilities which can be used to help accommodate variable loading conditions. First, a joist or girder can be designed with multiple loading cases. Each element of the joist or girder is then sized to handle the worst forces generated by any one of the loading conditions. For example, a joist may have a case one which has a uniform snow load and will create the controlling bending moment. Case two might have a snow drift together with a reduced uniform snow load, which may be a more severe condition for shear. A second capability is the ability to design for a traveling load. For each element of the joist or girder, the forces are determined for the most critical location of the load along the joist length. Traveling loads can be specified as being at any panel point along the top or bottom chord, or at ANY point along the top or bottom chord. By specifying a traveling load to be applied at ANY point, miscellaneous loads within the specified limit can be applied at any time during the life of the structure without the need for reinforcement or field added members. Canams engineering staff can help find solutions for almost any special loading condition.
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END MOMENTS
Tie joists (joists at column lines) or joist girders can be successfully used as part of a moment frame in the structure. The frame analysis shall be performed by the specifier, and the resultant wind/seismic and continuity moments shall be shown on the contract drawings. For purposes of the frame analysis, the moment of inertia of a joist or joist girder can be approximated by the formulas on page 50, 73, 76, and 78, respectively, in this catalog. Detail A shows the suggested method of presenting the moment values, as well as the directions in which they will be applied. In addition to providing the end moment values on the contract drawings, the specifier must give due consideration to the connections in order to properly develop the end moments. At the joist or girder bottom chord, the connection can be made simply by welding the bottom chord directly to the column stabilizer plate (see Detail B). The typical gap provided between the bottom chord angles is one inch. As shown in Detail C, at the top chord considerable eccentricity will develop if the connection is made at the base of the bearing seat on a typical underslung end. A moment plate shall be used to allow direct transfer from the top chord to the column or abutting joist, similar to Details D and E. The specifier shall show the size of the plate and the required welds on the contract drawings. These moment plates are not included in Canams bid, unless specified otherwise.
WL
LL
LL
WL
DETAIL A Canam will presume that all continuity moments are induced by the live load, and unless otherwise instructed by the specifier, will presume that no dead load moment is present. It is Canams standard practice to instruct the joist erector to complete the connection of the bottom chords to the columns only after all dead loads are applied. Thus, the joist will act only as a simply supported truss for the dead load case. Where end moments have been specified, Canam will first design the joist or joist girder as a simply supported member with the full gravity loads applied. This ensures adequate strength during construction before the end moment connection is completed, and also provides additional redundancy to the structure in the event that the moment connection is not successfully completed in the field. Canam will then apply all the appropriate combinations of the wind/seismic and continuity moments as a separate load case. Each chord and web member in the joist or joist girder will be designed for the worst condition of either the simple span or end moment case.
M=Pxe
DETAIL C
MOMENT P L TYP. (NOT BY CANAM)
DETAIL D
DETAIL B
DETAIL E
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STANDING SEAM ROOFS

Where a standing seam roof is attached directly to the joist top chord, or any other instance where decking will not provide lateral support on the top chord, Canam will design a bridging system to provide the required top chord lateral support, in accordance with the following specifications of sections 5.8(g) or 104.9(g).
STANDING SEAM ROOF SYSTEM
Ted Constant Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA

JOIST TOP CHORD
JOISTS LONGER THAN SJI

Canam has the capability to build joists, trusses, and joist girders with spans and depths beyond the limits of the Load Tables. The DLH-series Load Table extends to depths of 72 inches and spans of 144 feet. Canam can fabricate special joists with depths of over 10 feet and lengths over 200 feet. Special consideration is required for these very large joists, and attempting to select a standard joist from a load table may be an over-simplification of the true loading conditions and design requirements. Canam recommends that any joist that exceeds the range of the DLH-series Load Table be labeled as a special joist with a load diagram provided to allow accurate design of the joist. The load diagram should clearly indicate if the joist self weight is included in the design loads, or if the loads shown are only the superimposed loads to which self weight must be added. Due consideration must also be given to camber, deflection, bridging or bracing, and erection. Please consult Canam for assistance in specifying these joists. Canam has extensive experience in providing joists beyond the range of the Load Tables, including these recent projects: * Ford Field Stadium Detroit, MI 128 joists - 120 inches deep, 166 feet long, shipped in 2 pieces * Ted Constant Convocation Center Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 17 joists, 168 inches deep, 238 feet long, shipped in 3 pieces * Belmont University Nashville, TN 20 joists, 170 inches deep, 211 feet long, shipped in 3 pieces * York High School Elmhurst, IL 37 joists, 120 inches deep, 202 feet long, shipped in 2 pieces * Jordan Valley Park Expo Center Springfield, MO 35 pieces, 96 inches deep, 150 feet long, shipped in 2 pieces * Dubuque Riverfront Education Dubuque, IA 13 pieces, 168 inches deep bowstring, 150 feet long, shipped in 2 pieces * Idaho Sports Center Nampa, ID 11 pieces, 120 inches deep scissors, 175 feet long, shipped in 2 pieces * Palm Beach County Convention Center West Palm Beach, FL 179 pieces, 80 inches deep, 150 feet long, shipped in 2 pieces * Mohegan Sun Podium Uncasville, CT 43 pieces, 96 inches deep, 166 feet long, shipped in 3 pieces * Angelo State Universitys Junell Center San Angelo, TX 33 pieces, 120 inches deep, 224 feet long, shipped in 3 pieces
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Junell Center, San Angelo, TX
steel Corporation
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SPECIAL SHAPES
As a minimum, the dimensions and information shown in the sketches must be provided for joists with special profiles. Special shape joists do not to need to have a standard SJI designation. The load/span method, as described in this section, can be utilized for special shape joists with supplementary load diagrams, as shown in the special loads section. For joist lengths over 100 feet, a field bolted splice will likely be required for shipment in halves or thirds. Joist depths over 8 feet will require special shippping arrangements. When the total depth of the joist profile reaches 15-6, it cannot be shipped as a unit and some form of field assembly will be required. For any joist shipped in halves, thirds, or pieces, it is critical that the match-marked parts be joined. The parts are not interchangeable. Special consideration should be given to the camber of special joists, particularly where they are adjacent to other framing or deck supports. If Canam is provided with the actual design dead load, special camber can be provided. GABLE JOIST
SCISSOR JOIST
Idaho Sports Center, Nampa, ID
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SPECIAL SHAPES
Gable joists are commonly specified as bottom chord bearing, as shown in the sketch. The specifier should consider the use of the end walls as an anchorage point for the joist bridging, which is critical to provide lateral stability. Gable joists need not be symmetric. For any double pitched configuration, an offset ridge can be provided. Note that barrel and scissor joists are modeled with pin and roller supports and the truss will deflect horizontally. The specifier must make provisions to allow for this horizontal movement. Any special limitations on the amount of allowed horizontal deflection must be clearly shown on the contract drawings. To obtain the most economical design, Canam will vary the configuration of the joist web members within the overall profile provided in the sketch on the contract drawings. If a particular web geometry is required to create specific openings for mechanical needs, catwalks, or architectural reasons, these requirements should be noted with the profile, and specific dimensions locating the joist panel points should be provided. BOWSTRING JOIST
BARREL JOIST
R=
Buckeye Fried Chicken, Columbus OH
Buckeye Fried Chicken, Columbus OH
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R=
R=
OSHA HIGHLIGHTS
These pages summarize the key provisions of the revised OSHA steel erection standard, 29 CFR Part 1926.757. The complete OSHA rule for steel joists is included as an appendix to the Steel Joist Institute Specifications in this publication. The two most critical elements to the safe erection of steel joists are to limit or eliminate the need to walk un-bridged joists, and to properly and completely install the bridging as soon as possible. Canam advocates erection methods whereby the erector is not required to walk an un-bridged joist to release the hoisting cable. This can be accomplished by using erection stability bridging, working from a man-lift or other ground support, setting the joists in pre-assembled panels, or using a self-releasing mechanism on the crane.
JOISTS AT COLUMNS
Joists at column lines, which are not framed in at least two directions by solid web structural steel members, shall have a field-bolted connection at the joist bearing seat. In addition, joists at column lines must also have bottom chord extensions (BCXs). The BCX must extend to a vertical stabilizer plate. The stabilizer plate is to be a minimum size of 6 inches by 6 inches, with 3 inches extended below the bottom chord with a 13/16 inch hole to provide for a cable attachment. Where a steel joist does not lie directly along the column line, the joist nearest the column, on each side of the column, shall have field-bolted bearing seats. However, the bottom chord extensions may be omitted where it is not practical to provide them near the column.
COLUMN JOIST STABILITY

The OSHA rules require that steel joists at or near columns that span 60 feet or less be designed with sufficient strength to carry the self-weight of the joists and the weight of one erector. This allows the hoisting cable to be released without the need for erection stability bridging. It is only possible to meet this column joist requirement if certain conditions are met, and these joists will be identified with the symbol OC on Canams framing plans to show that they are OSHA column joists. In spite of this requirement, Canam advocates alternate erection methods that allow the hoisting cable to be released without an erector walking an unbridged joist. For the joists identified as OSHA column joists (OC) Canam will utilize a complex formula to check the erection stability. This check will conservatively assume that bottom chord extensions are not present to allow for the possibility of column joists that are near, rather than at, column lines and may not have BCXs. If the column joist does not initially pass the stability check, Canam will modify the joist design such that the joist will pass. Typically, this will involve increasing the joist top chord size. In order for a joist to be considered as an OC column joist, it must have standard parallel chords with standard under-slung bearing ends, and must have a slope of 1/4 inch per foot or less. In addition, the erector must secure both ends with two wrench tight bolts (or the equivalent for ends not at steel frames) and the joist must be placed plumb and true. For sloped, pitched, bottom bearing, or other special column joists, it will not be possible to apply the stability formula and check for erection stability. These column joists will be identified as DT joists on Canams framing plans, and will be supplied with a Danger Tag hung on the joist to warn the erector that the joist has not been designed to support an employee without bridging installed, and alternate erection methods must be used. Beyond 60 foot spans, OSHA does not have special stability requirements for column joists. Column joists that span more that 60 feet should be set in tandem with all bridging installed or by the erectors alternate means of erection.
ERECTION STABILITY BRIDGING

The forty foot rule no longer applies for the requirement of a bolted diagonal bridging line. The spans in the shaded portions of the Load Tables require a row of bolted diagonal bridging. Note that there are many designations and spans of less than forty feet that are shaded and require a row of bolted diagonal bridging. But there are also many designations and spans greater than forty feet which are not shaded and do not require a bolted diagonal bridging row.
BOLTED BEARING SEATS

Joists in bays of 40 feet or more shall be fabricated and installed with a field-bolted connection from the joist bearing seat to the steel frame. The bay length is the length from center to center of steel supports, or center of steel to face of wall. An exception to this rule is made for those cases where constructibility does not allow the bolted connection, or where multiple joists are pre-assembled and set in panels. Typically, the field-bolted bearing seat connection will be made with ASTM-A307 bolts in slotted holes and is considered a temporary connection. The final connection should be made by welding or as specified by the project structural engineer of record.
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OSHA HIGHLIGHTS
BUNDLE SIZES AND PLACEMENT
Bridging bundles shall be limited to 1000 pounds maximum. The bridging bundle shall be placed across a minimum of three joists, within one foot of a secured end of the joists. Where Canam supplies metal decking, the deck bundles shall be limited to 4000 pounds maximum. The deck bundles should not be placed before the joist ends are attached and all bridging has been installed, except where the OSHA rule allows the deck bundle to be placed after only one row of bridging is installed and other special conditions are met.
BOTTOM BEARING JOISTS

Bolted diagonal bridging is required over or near the support for all bottom chord bearing joists. This includes both square-end joists, and cantilever-square-end joists.
This is a general summary of the OSHA requirements, but is not intended to constitute legal advice. Canam does not assume responsibility for compliance with OSHA requirements.
This is a sample Danger Tag which is hung on joists marked DT on the drawings.
This block of notes will appear on all of Canams framing plans.

ERECTORS NOTE:
ALL JOISTS IN BAYS WITH CENTER OF STEEL TO CENTER OF STEEL OR CENTER OF STEEL TO INSIDE FACE OF WALL OF 40-0 OR GREATER ARE TO BE BOLTED FOR ERECTION AT STEEL BEARING ENDS. THIS REQUIREMENT MAY BE WAIVED UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS. CONSULT THE OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SPECIFICS. THE FINAL CONNECTIONS ARE TO BE WELDED AS INDICATED ON THESE DRAWINGS. - COLUMN JOIST OR JOIST NEAR A COLUMN DESIGNATED AS (OC), SHALL NOT BE RELEASED FROM THE HOISTING LINE UNTIL THE JOIST IS DETERMINED TO BE PLUMB AND TRUE AND EACH END IS SECURED WITH AT LEAST TWO BOLTS OF THE SAME SIZE AND STRENGTH AS SHOWN ON THESE DRAWINGS, DRAWN UP WRENCH TIGHT OR EQUIVALENT. - IF A COLUMN JOIST IN BAYS 60-0 OR LESS IS DESIGNATED AS (DT): * THIS JOIST HAS NOT BEEN DESIGNED TO SUPPORT AN EMPLOYEE WITHOUT BRIDGING INSTALLED. * THIS JOIST IS NOT AN OSHA JOIST DESIGNED FOR STABILITY PER SUBPART R 1926.757 (3) DUE TO ITS SPECIAL PROFILE OR SLOPED CONDITION. * SPECIAL ERECTION METHODS MUST BE INCORPORATED. * DO NOT ALLOW EMPLOYEES ON THIS JOIST UNTIL ADEQUATELY STABILIZED. CONSULT THE OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SPECIFICS. - IN BAYS GREATER THAN 60-0, JOIST AT OR NEAR COLUMNS SHALL BE ERECTED IN TANDEM (PAIR) WITH AN ADJACENT JOIST. ALL BRIDGING MUST BE INSTALLED BEFORE LIFTING AND THE PAIR OF JOISTS MUST BE SECURED TO THEIR SUPPORT BEFORE RELEASING THE HOISTING LINE. THIS REQUIREMENT MAY BE WAIVED UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS. CONSULT THE OSHA SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SPECIFICS.
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FLOOR VIBRATION
Floor vibration has become a structural design issue due to the increased use of longer spans, more open areas and lighter floor systems. The building structural designer must analyze floor vibration and its effect on the building end users and specify the proper characteristics to reduce vibration. The behavior of two-way flooring systems has been studied using models and in-situ testing. Several simplified equations to predict floor behavior and damping values for walking induced vibration have been established according to the type of wall partitions and floor finishes. These equations are now part of Steel Design Guide #11, jointly published by the American and Canadian Institutes of Steel Construction in 1997. This guide covers different types of floor vibrations and is one of the main references on the subject. The formulas shown in Steel Design Guide #11 allow the user to define the vibration characteristics of a floor system: the initial acceleration produced by a heel drop and the natural frequency of the system. These two parameters allow the designer to verify if the floor system will produce vertical oscillations in resonance with rhythmic human activities or with enough amplitude to disturb other occupants. The amplitude of the vibrations will decay according to the type of partitions, ceiling suspensions, and floor finish. The decay rate will also influence the sensitivity of the occupants. Information about the use and architectural finishes of a building is not readily available to the joist supplier. The joist supplier usually receives only the floor drawings and general joist specifications and designation. This is the information that is used for joist design. Furthermore, when a project structural engineer has predetermined the design of a joist including spacing, depth, span, bearing support, and dead loads, the joist design alone cannot be easily modified to reduce floor vibration induced by walking below the annoyance threshold for the other occupants. The following example of this situation is for office floors where the annoyance threshold is defined as a floor acceleration of 0.5% of the gravity acceleration and with enough partitions to provide moderate damping. For floors in a shopping mall, the threshold would be an acceleration of 1.5% of the gravity acceleration. This higher threshold means that the occupants are less disturbed by vibrations produced by walking loads. TYPICAL OFFICE FLOOR INITIAL DESIGN: In the example, the floor area is 90 by 96, the joists have a 30-0 (9 150 mm) span, a 20 (approx. 500 mm) depth, and are spaced at 4-0 (1 220 mm) on center. The joists are bearing on beams at both ends on 2 1/2 (65 mm) deep seats. The assumption is that the beams will be only partially composite for vibration calculations because of the relative lack of stiffness of such a bearing seat. The beam span is 24-0 (7 315 mm) with joists bearing from both sides and acts as a single span. The floor is made of a 4 (100 mm) concrete slab, including the 1 1/2 (38 mm) steel deck profile. The loads are as follows: Structural steel 5 psf (0.24 kPa) Steel joists 4 psf (0.19 kPa) Deck-slab of 100 mm 38 psf (1.82 kPa) Ceiling, mechanical & floor finish 10 psf (0.48 kPa) Partitions 20 psf (0.96 kPa) DEAD LOAD TOTAL 77 psf (3.69 kPa) LIVE LOAD 50 psf (2.40 kPa) From the SJI K-Series load table, select a joist with a 30-0 span to support the following loads: w = 4 x (72 + 50) = 488 plf A joist with a 20K10 designation will support 533 plf for a 30-0 span and a uniform load of 336 plf will produce a deflection equal to the span of 360 which is fine since the live load is 200 plf. By reducing the simple span deflection formula under uniform load for span/360, we obtain the following approximation of the moment of inertia: Ijoist = W360 x (span)3 / 38,000, where Ijoist = moment of inertia in in.4 w360 = uniform load producing a deflection equal to span / 360 in. plf Span = span of joist in feet Ijoist = 336 x (30)3 / 38,000 = 238 in.4 The center of gravity of the joist steel cross section can be assumed to be at mid depth. Ajoist chords = Ijoist / (depth / 2)2 = 2.38 in.2 The beam can be chosen from the AISC selection tables as W18 x 60 with Fy = 50 ksi and a moment of inertia of 984 in.4. ALTERNATE 1: If a slab of 5 instead of 4 is used, the dead load increases and the size of the joists and beams may also increase. Structural steel 5 psf (0.24 kPa) Steel joists 4 psf (0.19 kPa) Deck-slab of 5 50 psf (2.40 kPa) Ceiling, mechanical & floor finish 10 psf (0.48 kPa) Partitions 20 psf (0.96 kPa) DEAD LOAD TOTAL 89 psf (4.27 kPa) LIVE LOAD 50 psf (2.40 kPa) From the SJI K-Series load table, select a joist with a 30-0 span to support the following loads: w = 4 x (84 + 50) = 536 plf
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FLOOR VIBRATION
The same 20K10 joist will work for a 30-0 and the properties will be the same. Ijoist = 336 x (30)3 / 38,000 = 238 in.4 Ajoist chords = Ijoist / (depth / 2)2 = 2.38 in.2 This time, the beam chosen from the AISC selection tables is W18 x 65 with Fy = 50 ksi and a moment of inertia of 1,070 in.4. ALTERNATE 2: Starting from the base example, consider that the structural engineer of the building clearly indicates that the size of the joists should be doubled to reduce floor vibration. Since there are no standard K-Series joists with the same depth that are twice the size of a 20K10, we will double up the joists by spacing the 20K10 joists at 2 on center. ALTERNATE 3: Combining the changes of alternates 1 and 2, we evaluate a 5 slab on 20K10 joists spaced at 2-0 on center. Using the data of those 4 conditions, with the proposed equations of Steel Design Guide #11 and considering an open floor even if the structure is designed for a possible partition load, we obtain the vibration properties shown in the comparison table below:
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS

PARAMETERS INITIAL DESIGN ALTERNATE 1
INCREASED THICKNESS OF SLAB
ALTERNATE 2
DOUBLE JOIST OF SAME SIZE
ALTERNATE 3
DOUBLE JOIST OF SAME SIZE AND INCREASED THICKNESS OF SLAB
Peak acceleration ao with open floor Peak acceleration ao with some partitions Peak acceleration ao with full height partitions System frequency f Joist length Joist depth Joist spacing Joist moment of inertia (steel) Deck depth Slab-deck thickness Slab-deck-joist dead weight Additional participating load Beam size Beam span
(% g) (% g) (% g) (Hz) (ft.) (in.) (ft.) (in.4) (in.) (in.) (psf) (psf) (ft.)
1.11% 0.74% 0.44% 4.7 30-0 20 4-0 238 1.5 4 38 20 W18 x 60 24-0
0.87% 0.58% 0.35% 4.6 30-0 20 4-0 238 1.5
0.81% 0.54% 0.32% 5.1 30-0 20
0.65% 0.44% 0.26% 5.2 30-0 20
2-0
238 1.5 4 38 20 W18 x 60 24-0
2-0
238 1.5
5
50 20 W18 x 65 24-0
5
50 20 W18 x 65 24-0
This comparison shows that the vibration characteristics improve by adding dead weight or by doubling the joists. One must note that the alternates 1 and 2 used did not sufficiently improve the vibration properties of the floor to lower their amplitude to below the annoyance threshold for offices. Additional calculations shown as alternate 3 indicate that using a 5 deck-slab with a 100% increase in the joist sections would lower the peak acceleration to below the annoyance threshold of 0.5% of g. The building designer controls the main parameters affecting floor vibration characteristics and he or she must make the vibration calculations to find an economical solution. The information supplied in this catalog will allow the structural engineer to evaluate the vibration properties of the floor joists during the initial design. The project structural engineer should always specify the proper slab thickness and the minimum moment of inertia of the steel joists to have a floor with vibration characteristics below the annoyance threshold based on the type of occupancy. The joist designer will then verify conformance to the minimum moment of inertia required by the building designer for the joists.
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JOIST SUBSTITUTES
The Steel Joist Institute has introduced a joist substitute series, the 2.5K series. SJI load tables and specifications can be found on page 37 of this catalog. Joist substitutes are intended to be used for relatively short spans. It is more economical to use joist substitutes rather than joists for spans of 10 feet and under. Canam has extended the load tables to allow the specifier to make proper selection of joist substitutes. Joist substitutes are solid members made of angles, channels, or tube steel.
JOIST SUBSTITUTES 2.5K1 2.5K2

S (in.3) Mr (k-ft.) I (in.4) Span (ft.) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0.600 1.50 0.800 550 550 / 338 374 / 189 270 / 116 204 / 76 0.834 2.09 1.103 550 550 / 465 519 / 260 375 / 160 284 / 105 222 / 73
2.5K3
1.200 3.00 1.502 550 550 550 / 354 540 / 218 408 / 143 319 / 99 256 / 71
ALLOWABLE LOADS (plf)
SPAN
The figures in red represent the maximum live load to create a L/360 deflection. If L/240 is acceptable, these figures can be multiplied by 1.5.
2 2 1/2 U.N.O.
DESIGN SPAN
4 MIN ON MASONRY
2 1/2 MIN ON STEEL
Joist substitutes can be used in many conditions. They can be used in combination with LH-Series joists. In these cases, a deeper joist substitute will be supplied or seats will be installed on a regular 2 1/2 deep section as shown below.
5
Joist substitutes can be used on sloping roofs. Seat depth for sloped joist substitutes should be selected as per the table on page 13 of this catalog.
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OUTRIGGERS AND EXTENSIONS

Joist substitutes are often used at building edges to create overhangs. Careful attention must be paid to the cantilever part in selecting the proper section. The deflection at the end will depend greatly of the loading condition of the back span. Canam does not recommend an extension length that will be greater than the back span.
OUTRIGGERS AND EXTENSIONS 2.5K1 2.5K2 2.5K3

S (in.3) Mr (k-ft.) I (in.4) Cantilever (ft.) 2 2-6 3 3-6 4 4-6 5 0.600 1.50 0.800 550 480 333 245 188 0.834 2.09 1.103 550 550 463 341 261 206 1.200 3.00 1.502 550 550 550 490 375 296 240
ALLOWABLE LOADS (plf)
Back span
Cantilever
HEADERS
Headers are to be used when an opening larger than the joist spacing is required. It is important for the specifier to provide the magnitude of the load acting on the header as well as the loads created by the header on its supporting members.
Loads X, Y, Z must be provided by the specifier.

Z KIPS
A X KIPS Y KIPS
A X KIPS B
HEADER
SECTION A-A
JOIST
SECTION B-B
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DESIGN ECONOMY
There are many factors that influence the most economical joist and joist girder selections for a given project. Please contact any of Canams sales representatives for assistance in evaluating or comparing design options on your project. The K-Series Economy Table, beginning on page 57, and the new and improved Joist Girder Weight Tables, beginning on page 86, can be used as an aid in making selections for individual spans. Please be aware that the economy table is based solely on the theoretical weight of the joists, and does not reflect the labor and other expenses that would be involved in fabricating and shipping the joists. A number of other items for consideration regarding design economy are offered on these pages. Deeper is Cheaper. For a given span and load, a deeper joist or girder will be lighter and cheaper. Take advantage of the available headroom and clearance. Try to use wider joist spacings. While a five foot joist spacing is very common for roofs, the limitations of the deck and other requirements, such as Factory Mutual, can often be met with a spacing of five to six feet that results in one less joist per bay. A load-span design (see page 16) is more economical than a standard catalog joist. Likewise, a special design joist for a particular load diagram is cheaper than double joists or KCS-series joists. Use joist girders rather than wide flange beams. For typical loadings and configurations, a joist girder will be deeper, and hence lighter, than a wide flange beam, while still allowing openings for electrical, mechanical, and fire protection penetrations. Use joist substitutes for all joist spans under ten feet long. For rectangular bays, it is generally better to run the joists in the long direction and the girders in the short direction.
GIRDER L
GIRDER
JOISTS
An optimal rectangular bay will typically have a ratio of joist to joist girder span of about 1.5. Canam manufactures joists by depth. Changing chord sizes and maintaining one depth is cheaper than using many depths. For example, in a skewed bay, each joist is a different length and could be a different depth. Consider maintaining the typical depth halfway into the skewed corner, then change the joist depth one time for the shorter spans, and use joist subs in the corner. A joist outside the red-shaded portion of the load tables, which will use only horizontal bridging, will be less expensive than a joist in the red-shaded area that requires a row of bolted diagonal bridging. Provide moment plates or strap angles for axial load and end moment transfer at the joist or joist girder bearing seats. Limit the thickness of welded connections to steel joists by increasing the length of weld where necessary. Thicker welds may require the thickness of certain joist elements to be increased just to match the weld thickness.
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1.5 x L
DESIGN ECONOMY
For a K-series joist, a 2-1/2 inch deep seat is most economical, but other seat depths are readily available. It may be more economical to mix LH-series and K-series joists with five inch deep seats than to specify all LH-series joists just to establish a five inch bearing seat depth. By default, joist top chord extensions are designed for the same uniform load given in the Load Tables for the designation and span. Where the load capacity approaches the K-series maximum of 550 plf, the selected joist may conservatively have excess capacity. However, designing a long top chord extension for a load approaching 550 plf may be difficult to accomplish, and it is recommended in these cases that the top chord extension load tables be used, and a specific S or R type extension be specified. Extra joist load carrying capacity is cheaper than field reinforcement for additional loads later on. Any field reinforcement is likely to cost more than the cost of the entire original joist. Bolted bearing seats as required by OSHA for bays of 40 feet and longer cost money. The expense of the holes can be avoided with any bay length less than forty feet, or by panelizing the joists for erection. Un-painted joists cost less than painted joists. Avoid joist load diagrams that depict joist web members unless a specific joist geometry is required. The joist design will be most economical when the joist manufacturer is free to configure the joist webs. A bowstring joist, with only the top chord roll-formed, is considerably cheaper than a barrel joist with both chords roll-formed. For over-sized joist spans and depths, keep the following shipping restrictions in mind: Lengths of over 50 feet require special permits in some states. Lengths of over 60 feet require escorts in some states. Lengths in excess of 100 feet require a field bolted splice to allow shipment in two halves. Overall depths of up to 8-6 can ship as a standard load. Beyond 8-6, special permits and/or escorts may be required in some states. An overall depth of more than 15-6 becomes impossible to ship, and a piggyback joist configuration must be used.
DOUBLE-PITCHED CAP TRIPLE-PITCHED JOIST

0
PIGGY-BACK TRUSS
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OPEN WEB, LONGSPAN, AND DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, AND JOIST GIRDERS
2002 REVISIONS
Page Section
31 32 General History Publications LRFD 33 37 40 40 40 41 41 46 46 47 48 63 63 63 64 64 65 70 70 71 71 78 79 79 79 80 80 81 83 104 105 107 111 Fire-Resistance Joist Substitutes Section 2. Section 3.1 Section 3.2 Section 3.3 Section 4.2(b) Section 5.6(a) & (b) Section 5.8(g) Section 5.13 Section 6.(a)(1) Section 101. Section 102.1 Section 102.2 Section 102.3 Section 102.4 Section 103.2(d) Section 104.7(a) & (b) Section 104.9(g) Section 104.14 Section 105.(A)(1) JG Introduction Section 1001. Section 1002.1 Section 1002.2 Section 1002.3 Section 1002.4 Section 1003.2(d) Section 1004.6(a) & (b) References Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C
Change
General Revisions Introduced For Conformance to OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926.757 Added 2002 Paragraph Revised Pricing. Added Technical Digest #11, The 75-Year Manual, Specifying Steel Joists with LRFD, and the SJI Video for the Safe Erection of Steel Joists. Removed one page Conversion Method (Refer to SJI GUIDE for Specifying Steel Joists with LRFD) Updated listing of Assemblies Ratings Added section on Joist Substitutes. Revised definition for Yield Strength to agree with ASTM A370. Revised materials listing to conform with 2001 ASTM Specifications. Updated ASTM materials listing Paint revised wording. Added wording for crimped, first primary compression web. Revised wording to conform to OSHA standard. New paragraph for using joists with Standing Seam Roofing (SSR). New Section Revised to require bolts used in bolted seat connection to be tightened to a minimum snug tight condition. Revised definition for Yield Strength to agree with ASTM A370. Revised Materials listing to conform with 2001 ASTM Specifications. Updated ASTM Material listings. Updated AWS electrode listing. Paint revised wording. Updated AWS electrode listing. Revised wording to conform to OSHA standard. New paragraph for using joists with Standing Seam Roofing (SSR). New Section Revised to require bolts used in bolted seat connection to be tightened to a minimum snug tight condition. Revised all Joist Girder seat depths to 7 inches. Revised definition for Yield Strength to agree with ASTM A370. Revised Materials listing to conform with 2001 ASTM Specifications. Updated ASTM Material listings. Updated AWS electrode listing. Paint Revised wording. Updated AWS electrode listing. Revised wording to conform to OSHA standard. New New - Steel Joist Institute Bay Length Definitions New - OSHA Steel Erection Standard 29 CFR Part 1926, Safety Standards for Steel Erection, Paragraph 1926.757 Open Web Steel Joists. New - OSHA Appendix C Illustrations of Terminus Points.
30
THE STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE
HISTORY
Formed five years after the first open web steel joist was manufactured, the Institute has worked since 1928 to maintain sound engineering practice throughout our industry. As a non-profit organization of active manufacturers, the Institute cooperates with governmental and business agencies to establish steel joist standards. Continuing research and updating are included in its work. The first joist in 1923 was a Warren truss type, with top and bottom chords of round bars and a web formed from a single continuous bent bar. Various other types were developed, but problems also followed because each manufacturer had his own design and fabrication standards. Architects, engineers and builders found it difficult to compare rated capacities and to use fully the economies of steel joist construction. Members of the industry began to organize the Institute, and in 1928 the first standard specifications were adopted, followed in 1929 by the first load table. The joists covered by these early standards were later identified as open web steel joists, SJ-Series. Other landmark adoptions by the Institute include the following: 1953 Introduction of Longspan steel joists, L-Series. Specifications and a standard load table, covering spans through 96 feet and depths through 48 inches, were jointly approved with the American Institute of Steel Construction. 1959 Introduction of the S-Series joists, which replaced the SJ- Series joists. The allowable tensile stress was increased from 18,000 to 20,000 psi, joist depths were expanded through 24 inches, and spans increased through 48 feet. 1961 (a) Introduction of the J-Series joists, which replaced the S-Series joists. The allowable tensile stress was increased from 20,000 psi to 22,000 psi, based on the use of steel with a minimum yield strength of 36,000 psi. (b) Introduction of the LA-Series joists, which replaced the L-Series joists. The LA-Series Joists allowed a tensile stress of either 20,000 psi or 22,000 psi, depending on the yield strength of the steel. (c) Introduction of the H-Series joists, whose design was based on steel with a minimum yield strength of 50,000 psi, and an allowable tensile stress of 30,000 psi. 1962 Introduction of the LH-Series joists, utilizing steel whose minimum yield strength was between 36,000 psi and 50,000 psi. 1965 Development of a single specification for both the J- and H- Series joists by the Steel Joist Institute and the American Institute of Steel Construction.
1966 Development and introduction by the SJI and AISC of the LJ-Series joists, which replaced the LA-Series Joists. Also, the development of a single specification for both the LJ- and the LH-Series joists, with the use of 36,000 psi minimum yield strength steel for the LJ-Series, and 36,000 psi to 50,000 psi minimum yield strength steel for the LH-Series. 1970 Introduction of the LH- and DLH-Series joists to include depths through 72 inches and spans through 144 feet. 1971 Elimination of the number 2 chord sizes and the addition of joist designations 8J3 and 8H3 to the load tables. 1972 (a) Adoption by the SJI and AISC of a single specification for the LJ-, LH-, DLJ-, and DLH-Series joists. (b) Adoption by the SJI and AISC of the expanded specifications and load tables for the Open Web steel joists which increased the depths through 30 inches, and the spans through 60 feet, plus adding chord sections 9,10, & 11. 1978 (a) Elimination of the J-, LJ-, and DLJ-Series joists because of the widespread acceptance of high strength steel joists. (b) Introduction of joist girders, complete with specifications and weight tables, in response to the growing need for longer span primary structural members with highly efficient use of steel. 1986 Introduction of the K-Series joists, which replaced the H-Series joists. The reasons for developing the K-Series joists were (1) to achieve greater economies by utilizing the Load Span design concept; (2) To meet the demand for roofs with lighter loads at depths from 18 inches to 30 inches; (3) To offer joists whose load carrying capacities at frequently used spans are those most commonly required; (4) To eliminate the very heavy joists in medium depths for which there was little, if any, demand. 1994 (a) Introduced the KCS joists to the K-Series in response to the need for a joist with a constant moment and constant shear. The KCS Joist is an alternative joist to be used in special loading conditions. (b) Addition of metric nomenclature for all joist and joist girder Series in compliance with government and industry standards. (c) Addition of revised stability criteria. 2002 (a) Introduced joist substitutes. (b) K, LH/DLH and joist girder specifications approved as American National Standards (ANS). (c) Revisions to K-Series Section 6., LH/DLH Section 105 and Code of Standard Practice for Conformance to OSHA Steel Erection Standard 1926.757.
31
THE STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE
(d) Addition of Standing Seam Roof Specification K-Series Section 5.8(g) and Longspan Section 104.9(g). (e) Addition of Definition for Parallel Chord Sloped Joists K-Series Section 5.13 and Longspan Series Section 104.14.
POLICY
The manufacturers of any standard SJI Products shall be required to submit design data for verification of compliance with Steel Joist Institute Specifications, undergo physical design verification tests (on K-Series only), and undergo an initial plant inspection and subsequent in-plant inspections for all products on which they wish to be certified. SJI member companies complying with the above conditions shall be licensed to publish the appropriate copyrighted SJI Specifications and Load Tables.
SERVICES TO NONMEMBERS The Institutes facilities for checking the design of K-, LH-, and DLH-Series Joists or Joist Girders are available on a cost basis. The Steel Joist Institute does not check joist designs for specific construction projects. Fabrication to Institute Specifications is the responsibility of the individual manufacturer.
STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS

PREPAYMENT IS REQUIRED A. Catalogue of Standard Specifications, Load Tables and Weight Tables for Steel Joists and Joist Girders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $20.00 B. The following TECHNICAL DIGESTS are also available from the Institute: #3 Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist PONDING LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15.00 #5 VIBRATION of Steel Joist Concrete Slab Floors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15.00 #6 Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist UPLIFT LOADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15.00 #8 WELDING of Open Web Steel Joists . . $15.00 #9 HANDLING AND ERECTION of Steel Joists and Joist Girders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $15.00 #11 Design of JOIST GIRDER FRAMES. . . $15.00 (Set of Digests #3, #5, #6, #8, #9, & #11) . . . . $75.00 C. 75-Year Steel Joist Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 75.00 D. Computer Vibration Program . . . . . . . . . . . $125.00 E SJI Video #1 Introduction to Steel Joists . . $35.00 F. Specifying Steel Joists With LRFD. . . . . . . . $15.00 G. SJI Video #2 The SAFE ERECTION of Steel Joists and Joist Girders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $125.00 [All prices include handling, plus either U.P.S. or 1st Class postage within the United States and its Possessions] For shipping outside USA please add $15.00 for shipping and handling. Visit the SJI Web Site at <steeljoist.org> for a complete listing of SJI publications and a copy of the standard order form. Send check or money order (U.S. currency only) payable to: Steel Joist Institute 3127 10th Avenue North Myrtle Beach, SC 29577-6760 Phone 843.626.1995 FAX 843.626.5565
MEMBERSHIP
Open to manufacturers who produce, on a continuing basis, joists of the K-, LH/DLH-Series, and/or joist girders, conforming to the Institutes Specifications and Load Tables. Membership requirements differ as described below. APPLICANTS BASED ON K-SERIES JOISTS The Institutes Consulting Engineer verifies that designs conform to the Institutes Specifications and Load Tables. This comprises an examination of: (1) Complete engineering design details and calculations of all K-Series joists, bridging and accessories for which standards have been adopted; (2) Data obtained from physical tests of a limited number of joists, conducted by an independent laboratory, to verify conclusions from analysis of the applicants engineering design details and calculations. An initial plant inspection and subsequent periodic inspections are required to ensure that the applicant/member possesses the facilities, equipment and personnel required to properly fabricate the K-Series Joists. APPLICANTS BASED ON LH- OR DLH-SERIES JOISTS OR JOIST GIRDERS Designs are checked by the Consulting Engineer. Periodic in-plant inspections (but no physical tests) are required. RESPONSIBILITY FOR PRODUCT QUALITY The plant inspections are not a guaranty of the quality of any specific joists or Joist Girders; this responsibility lies fully and solely with the individual manufacturer.
32
FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGS WITH STEEL JOISTS

Hundreds of fire tests on steel joist-supported assemblies have been conducted at nationally recognized testing laboratories in accordance with ASTM Standard E119, ANSI A2.1/UL 263, and NFPA 251. Because of practical loading restrictions and limitations of furnace dimensions, the vast majority of these tests were run using lightweight joists normally from 8 inches to 14 inches deep. This practice was advantageous in that it established the minimum acceptable joists at the shallow and lightweight end of the joist load tables. The specified minimum size joist as listed in Underwriters Laboratories (U.L.) Fire Resistance Designs is the joist which combines the required minimum depth and minimum weight per foot. Joists, of the same series, which meet, or exceed the specified minimums may be used provided the accessories are compatible. The dimension from the bottom chord of joists to the ceiling, whether given or calculated, is a minimum. K-Series Joists, LH Series joists and joist girders specified in floor- or roof-ceiling assemblies, shall be designed and manufactured in accordance with the Steel Joist Institutes Specifications adopted November 4, 1985, revised to May 1, 2000. Many of U.L.s Fire Rated Assemblies now specifically list K-Series joists. When a K-Series joist is specified in a particular U.L. assembly the K-Series joist shall have its design stress limited only if the assembly specifically limits the design stress of the K-Series joist. K-Series joists may be substituted for S-, J-, and/or H-Series joists specified in U.L. floor-, or roof-ceiling designs as follows: Floor-Ceiling Assemblies: K-Series steel joists of equal or greater depth weight per foot may be substituted for any S-, J-, and/or H-Series Joist in any floor-ceiling design which employs a structural concrete floor and suspended membrane ceiling. Roof-Ceiling Assemblies: K-Series steel joists of equal or greater depth and weight per foot may be substituted for any S-, J-, and/or H-Series Joists in any roof-ceiling design with the following restrictions: a) Minimum Nominal Depth = 10 inches (254 mm) b) Maximum Tensile Stress = 26 KSI (179 MPa) Any stress limitation specified in a U.L. floor or roof fire rated assembly containing S, J and/or H Series Joists shall remain applicable when a K-Series joist is substituted. Also, certain U.L. assembly designs contain restrictions regarding minimum allowable joist member sizes, areas of steel, and/or bridging material sizes. These restrictions remain applicable when a K-Series Joist is substituted and it is the responsibility of the specifying professional to list all such restrictions on the contract drawings. The following procedure may be used to substitute the proper K-Series joist for any S-, J-, and/or H-Series joist listed in a U.L. design assembly. 1. Determine the uniform load per foot the joist is required to support. 2. Select a design from the U.L. Fire Resistance Directory that matches the building construction and has the required fire rating. 3. a) Floor Assemblies: x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Adjust the design load per foot calculated in step #1 for any required reduction in stress level by multiplying the load by a factor of 30 ksi (207MPa) divided by the specified stress level, i.e. [30/24 (207/165), 30/22 (207/152) etc.]. b) Roof Assemblies: x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Adjust the design load per foot calculated in step #1 by multiplying by the factor of 30/26 (207/179), or a greater factor if the particular assembly design requires a lessor stress level. 4. Enter the K-Series Economy Table and select the proper joist for the calculated load requirement. 5. Insure that the K-Series joist selected has a depth and load table weight per foot equal to, or greater than, the S-, J- and/or H-Series joist listed in the U.L. Design. Joists used in roof assemblies must have a minimum depth of 10 inches (254 mm). So that the proper K-Series joist can be selected for U.L. Designs not presently containing a K-Series designation the weights of various S-, J-, and H-Series joists used in the U.L. Fire Resistance Designs are listed below:
Load Table Load Table Joist Joist Weight Weight Designation Designation lbs./ft. lbs./ft. 8S2 4.0 14J5 7.3 10S3 5.0 14J7 9.7 8J2 10J2 10J3 10J4 12J2 12J3 12J4 12J5 12J6 4.2 4.2 4.8 6.0 4.5 5.1 6.0 7.0 8.1 8H2 8H3 10H2 10H3 10H4 12H4 12H5 4.2 5.0 4.2 5.0 6.1 6.2 7.1
33

FLOOR-CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH MEMBRANE PROTECTION
CONCRETE FLOOR FORM DECK
STEEL JOIST
MEMBRANE PROTECTION
Restrained Assembly Rating
Type of Protection System
Concrete Thickness Above Deck Type NW
Minimum Joist Size See Note #3 & #4
Maximum Joist Spacing See Note #2
Primary Support Member Min. Depth & Wt. See Note #3

20G @14.0 plf. Min. Area Top & Bottom Chord 1.12 Sq. Inch ---
U. L. Design Number
10K1 12K1, 18LH02 10K1 10K1 10K1 12K1 16K6 Min. 3/4" dia. web 16K6 Min. 3/4" dia. web 10K1 8K1, 10K1 10K1 10K1 10K1 10K1 10K1 10K1
72" Unrestricted 48" 48" 48" 48" Unrestricted Unrestricted
G256 D216 G228 G229 G243 G502 G701 G801
1 Hr.
Exposed Grid Exposed Grid Gypsum Brd.
2 1/2 " LW, NW 2 1/2 " 2" 2 1/2 " 2" 2 1/2 " 2 1/2 " NW NW NW LW, NW LW, NW LW, NW
20G @13.0 plf. 20G @13.0 plf. 20G @13.0 plf. ---20G @20.0 plf. 20G @20.0 plf.
1 1/2 Hr.
Cementitious Sprayed Fiber Concealed Grid
2 1/4" 2 1/2" 2 1/2"
NW NW NW NW NW NW NW NW
48" 48" 48" 48" 48" 48" 48" 72"
20G @13.0 plf. 20G @13.0 plf. 20G @13.0 plf. W6x12 W8x31 20G @13.0 plf. 20G @13.0 plf. 20G @14.0 plf. Min. Area Top & Bottom Chord 1.12 Sq. inch ------20G @14.0 plf. Min. Area Top & Bottom Chord 1.12 Sq. inch 20G @ 13.0 plf. 20G @ 13.0 plf. 20G @ 20.0 plf. 20G @ 20.0 plf. 20G @ 20.0 plf. 20G @ 13.0 plf. 20G @ 13.0 plf. W6x12 20G @ 13.0 plf. 20G @14.0 plf. Min. Area Top & Bottom Chord 1.12 Sq. inch ---20 G @ 13.0 plf. 20 G @ 13.0 plf
G023 G031 G036 G213 G227 G228 G243 G256
Exposed Grid
2 1/2 "
2 Hr.
Gypsum Board
2"
LW, NW NW NW
12K1, 18LH02 10K1 10K1
Unrestricted 48" 48"
D216 G505 G514
2 1/2" NW LW,NW NW Cementitious Sprayed Fiber Concealed Grid 2 1/2" 2 1/2" 3 1/2" 3 1/2" 3 1/2" LW, NW LW, NW NW NW NW NW NW 3 1/2" Gypsum Board 3" 2 3/4" NW NW LW, NW 12K1, 18LH02 10K1 10K1 Unrestricted 48" 48" 10K1 10K1 12K1 16K6 Min. 3/4" dia. web 16K6 Min.3/4" dia. web 10K1 10K1 10K1 10K1 10K1 48" 48" Unrestricted Unrestricted Unrestricted 48" 48" 48" 48" 48" G253 G529 D502 D701 D801 G033 G036 G213 G229 G256
3 Hr.
Exposed Grid
3 1/2"
D216 G523 G529
34

ROOF-CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH MEMBRANE PROTECTION
ROOF COVERING RIGID INSULATION ROOF DECK ROOF COVERING RIGID INSULATION ROOF DECK
STEEL JOIST
STEEL JOIST
MEMBRANE PROTECTION
MEMBRANE PROTECTION
Type of Protection System
Built Up Roof Type of Insulation Metal Deck Min. Size 26 Ga. 22 Ga. 28 Ga. Rigid Insulation 22 Ga. 24 Ga. 26 Ga.
Minimum Joist Size See Note #3 & #4 10K1 12K3 12K3 12K1 12K3 12K3 12K5 or 14K4 10K1
Maximum Joist Spacing
Primary Support U. L. Design Member Number Min. Depth & Wt. See Note #3 20G @ 20.00 plf. 20G @ 13.0 plf. or W8x18 20G ----20G W6x12 W6x12 20G @ 14.0 plf. Min. Area Top & Bottom Chord 1.12 Sq. Inch 20G @ 13.0 plf. 20G @ 13.0 plf. W8x15 20G @ 13.0 plf. W8x24 20G @ 13.0 plf. ----W6x12 20G @ 14.0 plf. Min. Area Top & Bottom chord 1.12 Sq. Inch 20G @ 13.0 plf. ----20G @ 13.0 plf. P211 P214 P225 P227 P230 P250 P254 P231
48" 72" 48" 72" 48" 72" 48" 72" 72"
1 Hr.
Exposed Grid
26 Ga. 22 Ga. 26 Ga.
12K1
Insulating Fill
28 Ga. 28 Ga. 28 Ga. 28 Ga.
10K1 12K1 10K1 12K1 12K3 12K1 12K3 12K5, 14K4 12K1
72" 72" 72" 72" 60" 72" 48" 48" 72"
P246 P251 P255 P261 P509 P225 P227 P250 P231
Gypsum
Insulating Fill Rigid Insulation
26 Ga. 22 Ga 24 Ga. 26 Ga. 26 Ga.
1 1/2 Hr.
Exposed Grid Insulating Fill
28 Ga. Metal Lathe Rigid Insulation Insulating Fill Rigid Insulation Rigid Insulation Rigid Insulation Insulating Fill 22 Ga. 28 Ga.
12K1 12K5, 14K3 12K1 10K1
72" 72"
P251 P404
Exposed Grid 2 Hr. Metal Lathe Gypsum Board Metal Lathe
72" 72" 72"
P251 P237 P404
24 Ga. 22 Ga.
W6x12 -----
12K5, 14K3
22 Ga.
10K1
48"
20G @ 13.0 plf.
P514
3 Hr.
28 Ga.
10K1
48"
-----
P405
35
FIRE-RESISTANT RATINGS WITH STEEL JOISTS

ROOF-CEILING ASSEMBLIES WITH DIRECT APPLIED PROTECTION
ROOF COVERING RIGID INSULATION ROOF DECK ROOF COVERING INSULATING FILL FORM DECK
STEEL JOIST
STEEL JOIST
FIRE PROTECTION
FIRE PROTECTION
Type of Protection System Cementitious
Built Up Roof Type of Insulation Rigid Insulation Rigid Insulation Metal Deck Min. Size 22 Ga. 22 Ga. 22 Ga. 22 Ga. 22 Ga. 22 Ga. 24 Ga. 24 Ga 24 Ga. 24 Ga. 24 Ga.
Minimum Joist Size See Note #3 & #4 14K4 or LH 14K4 12K3 10K1 12K3 14K4 12K5, 14K3 12K5, 14K3 12K5 10K1 10K1
Maximum Joist Spacing See Note #5 Unrestricted Unrestricted Unrestricted Unrestricted Unrestricted 96" 96" 96" 96" 96" 96"
Primary Support Member Min. Depth & Wt. 20G @ 13.0 plf. 20G @ 13.0 plf. 20G @ 13.0 plf. 20G @ 13.0 plf. ----20G @ 13.0 plf. --------20G @ 13.0 plf. ----20G @ 13.0 plf.
U. L. Design Number P701 P711 P801 P815 P816 P902 P907 P920 P921 P922 P923
1 Hr. 1 1/2 Hr. 2 Hr.
Sprayed Fiber
Cementitious and Sprayed Fiber
Insulating Fill
NOTES: 1. The UNDERWRITERS LABORATORY FIRE RESISTANCE DIRECTORY lists hundreds of assemblies and their fire ratings. As a convenience a selected number of assemblies are listed on 3 preceding pages. This listing is intended as a guide only and the specifying professional must refer to the U.L. Directory for complete design information. The maximum joist spacing shown for Floor-Ceiling Assemblies may be increased from the spacing listed in the U.L. Directory to a maximum of 48 inches on center, provided the floor slab meets the structural requirements and the spacing of hanger wires supporting the ceiling is not increased. Some U.L. Design Assemblies stipulate minimum size materials for steel joist and joist girder components, and/or bridging. It is the responsibility of the specifying professional to show all special requirements on the Structural Drawings. 4. Some U.L. Fire Assembly Designs stipulate an allowable maximum joist design stress level less than the 30 ksi (207MPa) used in the K-Series Joist Specifications. It is the responsibility of the specifying professional to apply the proper stress level reductions (if required) when selecting Joists and/or Joist Girders. To adjust the stress level of K-Series Joists or Joist Girders multiply the design load by the required factor [30/26 (207/179), 30/24 (207/165), 30/22 (207/1520)], and then using this increased load, select a Joist or Joist Girder from the load and/or weight tables. Some U.L. Roof-Ceiling Design assemblies using direct applied protection limit the spacing of the joists for certain types and gages of metal decking - refer to the U.L. Directory for this information.
2.
3.
5.
36
OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES
INTRODUCTION
Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series, were primarily developed to provide structural support for floors and roofs of buildings. They possess the following advantages and features which have resulted in their wide use and acceptance throughout the United States and other countries. First and foremost, they are economical. For many types of buildings, no other products or methods for supporting floors and roofs can compete with steel joists. The advantages listed in the following paragraphs all contribute to the overall economy of using Open Web Steel Joists. K-Series Joists are light in weight they possess an exceptionally high strength-to-weight ratio in comparison with other building materials. Coupled with their low price per pound, they contribute significantly to lower building costs. An additional economy stemming from their light weight is the fact that the structural materials supporting the joists, such as beams and Joist Girders, columns, and the foundations themselves, can therefore be lighter, thus leading to even greater economies. Open Web Steel Joists represent unitized construction. Upon arrival at the job site, the joists are ready immediately for proper installation. No forming, pouring, curing, or stripping is required. Furthermore, their light weight makes the erection procedure simple and fast. K-Series Joists are standardized regarding depths, spans, and load-carrying capacities. There are 64 separate designations in the Load Tables, representing joist depths from 8 inches (203 mm) through 30 inches (762 mm) in 2" (51 mm) increments and spans through 60 feet (18,288 mm). Standard K-series Joists have a 2 inch (64 mm) end bearing depth so that, regardless of the overall joist depths, the tops of the joists lie in the same plane. The open webs in the joists permit the ready passage and concealment of pipes, ducts and electric conduits within the depth of the floor. In high rise buildings this can result in a lesser overall building height, which translates into considerable cost savings. As soon as the joists are erected and bridged, with ends fixed, a working platform is available for the immediate follow-up of allied trades; this allows field work to progress rapidly and efficiently. In combination with other materials, joists can provide fire resistive assemblies for both floors and roofs of buildings for nearly any hourly rating required. The preceding pages on Fire Resistance Ratings with Steel Joists provide detailed information on this subject. Steel joists produce a permanent support system; they will not rot, nor can they be damaged by vermin.
There are no restrictions on the types, sizes or heights of buildings in which joists can be used. They can be found in the roof of the neighborhood convenience store as well as in the mammoth Mall of America near Minneapolis, Minnesota.
JOIST SUBSTITUTES
Joist substitutes are 2.5 inch deep sections intended for use in very short spans (less than 8 feet) where Open Web Steel Joists are impractical. They are commonly specified to span over hallways and short spans in skewed bays. Joist substitutes are fabricated from material conforming to Steel Joist Institute Specifications. Full lateral support to the compressive flange is provided by attachments to the deck. Caution must be exercised during erection since joist substitutes exhibit some degree of instability. After erection and before loads of any description are placed on the joist substitutes, the ends must be attached to the supports per SJI K-Series specifications and the deck installed and attached to the top flange.
2.5 Inch K-Series Joist Substitutes

Designation
Span (ft) 4 5 6 7 8
2.5K1 2.5K2 2.5K3 Allowable Uniform Load (plf) 550 550 550 550/338 550/465 550 374/189 519/260 550/354 270/116 375/160 540/218 204/76 284/105 408/143
64 mm K-Series Joist Substitutes

Designation
Span(mm) 1219 1524 1828 2133 2438
2.5K1 2.5K2 2.5K3 Allowable Uniform Load (kN/m) 8.02 8.02 8.02 8.02/4.93 8.02/6.78 8.02 5.45/2.75 7.57/3.79 8.02/5.16 3.94/1.69 5.47/2.33 7.88/3.18 2.97/1.10 4.14/1.53 5.95/2.08
The figures shown in red are the uniform live loads which produce an approximate deflection of 1/360 of the span.
37
TOP CHORD EXTENSIONS AND EXTENDED ENDS
Joist extensions are commonly furnished to support a variety of overhang conditions. The two types are pictured below. The first is the TOP CHORD EXTENSION or S TYPE, which has only the top chord angles extended. The second is the EXTENDED END or R TYPE in which the standard 2, (64 mm) end bearing depth is maintained over the entire length of the extension. The S TYPE extension is so designated because of its Simple nature whereas the R TYPE involves Reinforcing the top chord angles. The specifying professional should be aware that an S TYPE is more economical and should be specified whenever possible. The following load tables for K-Series TOP CHORD EXTENSIONS and EXTENDED ENDS have been developed as an aid to the specifying professional. The black number in the tables is the maximum allowable uniform load in pounds per linear foot (KiloNewton/Meter). The red number is the uniform load which will produce an approximate deflection of L1/240, where L1 is the length of the extension. The load tables are applicable for uniform loads only. If there are concentrated loads and/or
non-uniform loads, a loading diagram must be provided by the specifying professional on the structural drawings. In cases where it is not possible to meet specific job requirements with a 2" (64 mm) deep R type extension (refer to S and I values in the Extended End Load Table), the depth of the extension must be increased to provide greater load-carrying capacity. If the loading diagram for any condition is not shown. the joist manufacturer will design the extension to support the uniform load indicated in the K-Series Joist Load Table for the span of the joist. When TOP CHORD EXTENSIONS or EXTENDED ENDS are specified, the allowable deflection and the bracing requirements must be considered by the specifying professional. It should be noted that an R TYPE extension must be specified when building details dictate a 2, (64 mm) depth at the end of the extension. In the absence of specific instructions. the joist manufacturer may provide either type.
TOP CHORD EXTENSION
EXTENDED END
SPAN W
L1
(64 mm) 2 "
SPAN W
L1
(64 mm) 2 "
TOP CHORD EXTENSION - S TYPE (only top chord angles extended)
EXTENDED END - R TYPE (standard 2 (64mm) end depth extended)
W = Uniform Load L1 = Length of Extension SPAN = See K-Series Load Table for definition of span
38

TOP CHORD EXTENSION LOAD TABLE (S TYPE) Pounds Per Lineal Foot LENGTH (L1) 06 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 10 363 363 422 422 510 510 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 16 178 127 207 200 250 230 288 249 316 272 345 295 433 433 478 478 518 518 550 550 550 550 550 550 20 105 58 122 91 148 104 170 113 187 124 204 134 256 201 283 219 306 236 404 359 466 410 526 459 26 30 36 40 46
TYPE S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 S11 S12
"S" 3 (in ) 0.099 0.115 0.139 0.160 0.176 0.192 0.241 0.266 0.288 0.380 0.438 0.494
"I" (in 4 ) 0.088 0.138 0.159 0.172 0.188 0.204 0.306 0.332 0.358 0.544 0.622 0.696
112 60 123 66 135 72 169 108 187 117 202 126 267 192 307 220 347 246
120 64 132 70 143 75 189 115 218 131 246 147
107 48 141 74 162 84 183 94
109 50 126 57 142 64
100 41 113 45
TYPE R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12
"S" 3 (in ) 0.895 0.926 1.039 1.147 1.249 1.352 1.422 1.558 1.673 1.931 2.183 2.413
"I" 4 (in ) 1.119 1.157 1.299 1.433 1.561 1.690 1.802 1.948 2.091 2.414 2.729 3.016
EXTENDED END LOAD TABLE (R TYPE) Pounds Per Lineal Foot LENGTH (L1) 06 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 10 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 16 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 20 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 26 550 396 550 409 550 459 550 507 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 550 30 446 236 461 244 518 274 550 302 550 329 550 357 550 380 550 411 550 442 550 510 550 550 550 550 36 332 152 344 157 386 176 426 195 464 212 502 230 528 245 550 265 550 284 550 328 550 371 550 410 40 257 103 266 107 299 120 330 132 359 144 389 156 409 167 448 180 481 194 550 224 550 253 550 279 46 205 73 212 76 238 85 263 94 286 103 310 111 326 119 357 128 384 138 443 159 501 180 550 199 50 167 54 173 56 194 63 214 69 233 75 253 82 266 87 291 94 313 101 361 117 408 132 451 146 56 139 41 144 42 161 47 178 52 194 57 210 62 221 66 242 71 260 77 300 89 339 100 375 111 60 117 32 121 33 136 37 150 41 164 44 177 48 186 51 204 55 219 59 253 69 287 78 317 86
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STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
FOR OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES
ANSI Designation: SJI-K-1.0 Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute, November 4, 1985 Revised to May 1, 2000 Effective August 1, 2002
SECTION 1.
SECTION 3.
SCOPE
These specifications cover the design, manufacture and use of Open Web steel joists, K-Series.
MATERIALS
3.1 STEEL
The steel used in the manufacture of chord and web sections shall conform to one of the following ASTM Specifications: Carbon Structural Steel, ASTM A36/A36M. High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel, ASTM A242/A242M. High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Quality, ASTM A529/A529M, Grade 50. High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel , ASTM A572/A572M, Grade 50. High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi (345 MPa) minimum Yield Point to 4 inches (100 mm) thick, ASTM A588/A588M. Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved Corrosion Resistance, ASTM A606. Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, ASTM A1008/A1008M. Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and HighStrength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, ASTM A1011/A1011M. or shall be of suitable quality ordered or produced to other than the listed specifications, provided that such material in the state used for final assembly and manufacture is weldable and is proved by tests performed by the producer or manufacturer to have the properties specified in Section 3.2.
SECTION 2.
DEFINITION
The term Open Web steel joists K-Series, as used herein, refers to open web, parallel chord, load-carrying members suitable for the direct support of floors and roof decks in buildings, utilizing hot-rolled or cold formed steel, including cold-formed steel whose yield strength* has been attained by cold working. K-Series joists shall be designed in accordance with these specifications to support the uniformly distributed loads given in the Standard Load Tables for Open Web steel joists, K-Series, attached hereto. The KCS joist is a K-Series joist which is provided to address the problem faced by specifying professionals when trying to select joists to support uniform plus concentrated loads or other non-uniform loads. The design of chord sections for K-Series Joists shall be based on a yield strength of 50 ksi (345 MPa). The design of web sections for K-Series Joists shall be based on a yield strength of either 36 ksi (250 MPa) or 50 ksi (345 MPa). Steel used for K-Series Joists chord or web sections shall have a minimum yield strength determined in accordance with one of the procedures specified in Section 3.2, which is equal to the yield strength assumed in the design.
* The term Yield Strength as used herein shall designate the yield level of a material as determined by the applicable method outlined in paragraph 13.1 Yield Point, and in paragraph 13.2 Yield Strength, of ASTM A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, or as specified in paragraph 3.2 of this specification.
3.2 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

The yield strength used as a basis for the design stresses prescribed in Section 4 shall be either 36 ksi (250 MPa) or 50 ksi (345 MPa). Evidence that the steel furnished meets or exceeds the design yield strength shall, if requested, be provided in the form of an affidavit or by witnessed or certified test reports. For material used without consideration of increase in yield strength resulting from cold forming, the specimens shall be taken from as-rolled material. In the case of material, the mechanical properties which conform to the requirements of one of the listed specifications, test
Standard Specifications and Load Tables, Open Web steel joists, K-Series, Steel Joist Institute - Copyright, 2002
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specimens and procedure shall conform to those of such specifications and to ASTM A370. In the case of material, the mechanical properties which do not conform to the requirements of one of the listed specifications, the test specimens and procedures shall conform to the applicable requirements of ASTM A370, and the specimens shall exhibit a yield strength equal to or exceeding the design yield strength and an elongation of not less than (a) 20 percent in 2 inches (51 mm) for sheet and strip, or (b) 18 percent in 8 inches (203 mm) for plates, shapes and bars with adjustments for thickness for plates, shapes and bars as prescribed in ASTM A36/A36M, A242/A242M, A529/A529M, A572/A572M, A588/A588M, whichever specification is applicable on the basis of design yield strength. The number of tests shall be as prescribed in ASTM A6/A6M for plates, shapes, and bars; and ASTM A606, A1008/A1008M and A1011/A1011M for sheet and strip. If as-formed strength is utilized, the test reports shall show the results of tests performed on full section specimens in accordance with the provisions of the AISI Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members and shall indicate compliance with these provisions and with the following additional requirements: (a) The yield strength measured in the tests shall equal or exceed the design yield strength. (b) Where tension tests are made for acceptance and control purposes, the tensile strength shall be at least 6 percent greater than the yield strength of the section. (c) Where compression tests are used for acceptance and control purposes, the specimen shall withstand a gross shortening of 2 percent of its original length without cracking. The length of the specimen shall be not greater than 20 times the least radius of gyration. (d) If any test specimen fails to pass the requirements of the subparagraphs (a), (b), or (c) above, as applicable, two retests shall be made of specimens from the same lot. Failure of one of the retest specimens to meet such requirements shall be the cause for rejection of the lot represented by the specimens.
SECTION 4.
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

4.1 METHOD
Joists shall be designed in accordance with these specifications as simply supported, uniformly loaded trusses supporting a floor or roof deck so constructed as to brace the top chord of the joists against lateral buckling. Where any applicable design feature is not specifically covered herein, the design shall be in accordance with the following specifications. (a) American Institute of Steel Construction Specification for Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings (Allowable Stress Design), where the material used consists of plates, shapes or bars. (b) American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, for members which are formed from sheet or strip material.
4.2 UNIT STRESSES

Joists shall have their components so proportioned that the unit stresses in kips per square inch (Mega Pascals) shall not exceed the following, where Fy is the yield strength defined in Section 3.2: (a) Tension: Chords Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa)..............Ft = 30 ksi (207 MPa) Webs Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa)..........Ft = 30 ksi (207 MPa) Fy = 36 ksi (250 MPa)..............Ft = 22 ksi (152 MPa) (b) Compression For members with /r less than Cc:
1Fa =
r 2C c
2 2
3.3 PAINT
The standard shop paint is intended to protect the steel for only a short period of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions and shall be considered an impermanent and provisional coating. When specified, the standard shop paint shall conform to one of the following: (a) Steel Structures Painting Council Specification, SSPC No. 15. (b) Or, shall be a shop paint which meets the minimum performance requirements of the above listed specification.
QFy
3
r 1 r 5 3 + 3 8 Cc 8 Cc
where Cc =
2 2E QFy
and
where Q is a form factor equal to unity except when the width-thickness ratio of one or more elements of the profile exceeds the limiting width-thickness ratios for noncompact sections specified in the AISC Specification, Section B5 (Allowable Stress Design) for hot-rolled sections.
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For cold-formed sections the method of calculating the allowable column design strength is given in the AISI Specification. For members with /r greater than Cc:
fa + fb 0.6 Fy at the panel point; and
fa + Fa
Cm fb
1fa
Fe
1.0, at mid-panel; in which QFb
Fa =
2 23
E r
2
In the above formulas, is taken as the distance between panel points for the chord members and the appropriate unbraced length for web members, and r is the corresponding least radius of gyration of the member or any component thereof. E is equal to 29,000 ksi (200,000 MPa). Use 1.2 /rx for a crimped, first primary compression web member when a moment-resistant weld group is not used for this member; where rx = member radius of gyration in the plane of the joist. (c) Bending: For chords Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa) Fb = 30 ksi (207 MPa) For web members other than solid rounds Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa) Fb = 30 ksi (207 MPa) Fy = 36 ksi (250 MPa) Fb = 22 ksi (152 MPa) For web members of solid round cross-section Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa) Fb = 45 ksi (310 MPa) Fy = 36 ksi (250 MPa) Fb = 32 ksi (221 MPa) For bearing plates Fy = 50 ksi (345 MPa) Fb = 37 ksi (255 MPa) Fy = 36 ksi (250 MPa) Fb = 27 ksi (186 MPa)
Cm = 1 - 0.3fa/F'e for end panels Cm = 1 - 0.4fa/F'e for interior panels fa = Computed axial unit compressive stress fb = Computed bending unit compressive stress at the point under consideration Fa = Permissible axial unit compressive stress based on /r as defined in Section 4.2 (b) Fb = Permissible bending unit stress Fy = Specified minimum yield strength
Fe =
12 2E 23 r
2
where is the panel length as defined in Section 4.2 (b) and rx is the radius of gyration about the axis of bending.
4.3 MAXIMUM SLENDERNESS RATIOS

The slenderness ratio /r, where is as used in Section 4.2 (b) and r is the corresponding least radius of gyration, shall not exceed the following: Top chord interior panels 90 Top chord end panels 120 Compression members other than top chord 200 Tension members 240
4.4 MEMBERS
(a) Chords The bottom chord shall be designed as an axially loaded tension member. The top chord shall be designed for only axial compressive stress when the panel length, , does not exceed 24 inches (609 mm). When the panel length exceeds 24 inches (609 mm), the top chord shall be designed as a continuous member subject to combined axial and bending stresses and shall be so proportioned that
Q = Form factor as defined in Section 4.2(b). In order to insure lateral stability during erection, the radius of gyration of the top chord about its vertical axis shall be not less than /145 where is the spacing in inches (millimeters) between lines of bridging as specified in Section 5.4(c). The top chord shall be considered as stayed laterally by the floor slab or roof deck when attachments are in accordance with the requirements of Section 5.8(e) of these specifications. (b) Web The vertical shears to be used in the design of the web members shall be determined from full uniform loading, but such vertical shears shall be not less than 25% of the end reaction. Due consideration shall be given to the effect of eccentricity. The effect of combined axial compression and bending may be investigated using the provisions of Section 4.4(a), letting Cm = 0.4 when bending due to eccentricity produces reversed curvature. Interior vertical web members used in modified Warren type web systems shall be designed to resist the gravity loads supported by the member plus of 1.0 percent of the top chord axial force. (c) Extended Ends Extended top chords or full depth cantilever ends require the special attention of the specifying professional. The magnitude and location of the design loads to be supported, the deflection requirements, and the proper bracing shall be clearly indicated on the structural drawings.
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4.5 CONNECTIONS
(a) Methods Joist connections and splices shall be made by attaching the members to one another by arc or resistance welding or other approved method. 1) Welded Connections a) Selected welds shall be inspected visually by the manufacturer. Prior to this inspection, weld slag shall be removed. b) Cracks are not acceptable and shall be repaired. c) Thorough fusion shall exist between weld and base metal for the required design length of the weld; such fusion shall be verified by visual inspection. d) Unfilled weld craters shall not be included in the design length of the weld. e) Undercut shall not exceed inch (2 mm) for welds oriented parallel to the principal stress. f) The sum of surface (piping) porosity diameters shall not exceed inch (2 mm) in any 1 inch (25 mm) of design weld length. g) Weld spatter that does not interfere with paint coverage is acceptable. 2) Welding Program Manufacturers shall have a program for establishing weld procedures and operator qualification, and for weld sampling and testing. (See Technical Digest #8 - Welding of Open Web Steel Joists.) 3) Weld Inspection by Outside Agencies (See Section 5.12 of these specifications) The agency shall arrange for visual inspection to determine that welds meet the acceptance standards of Section 4.5(a)(1) above. Ultrasonic, X-Ray, and magnetic particle testing are inappropriate for joists due to the configurations of the components and welds. (b) Strength Joint connections shall be capable of withstanding forces due to an ultimate load equal to at least two times the design load shown in the applicable Standard Load Table. (c) Splices Splices may occur at any point in chord or web members. Members containing a butt weld splice shall develop an ultimate tensile force of at least 57 ksi (393 MPa) times the full design area of the chord or web. The term member shall be defined as all component parts comprising the chord or web, at the point of splice.
(d) Eccentricity Members connected at a joint shall have their centroidal axes meet at a point if practical. Otherwise, due consideration shall be given to the effect of eccentricity. In no case shall eccentricity of any web member at a joint exceed of the over all dimension, measured in the plane of the web, of the largest member connected. The eccentricity of any web member shall be the perpendicular distance from the centroidal axis of that web member to the point on the centroidal axis of the chord which is vertically above or below the intersection of the centroidal axes of the web members forming the joint. Ends of joists shall be proportioned to resist bending produced by eccentricity at the support. 4.6 VERIFICATION OF DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE (a) Design Calculations Companies manufacturing K-Series joists shall submit design data to the Steel Joist Institute (or an independent agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute) for verification of compliance with the SJI Specifications. Design Data shall be submitted in detail and in the format specified by the Institute. (b) Tests of Chord and Web Members Each manufacturer shall, at the time of design review by the Steel Joist Institute or other independent agency, verify by tests that the design, in accordance with Sections 4.1 through 4.5 of this specification, will provide a minimum factor of safety of 1.65 on the theoretical design capacity of critical members. Such tests shall be evaluated considering the actual yield strength of the members of the test joists. Material tests for determining mechanical properties of component members shall be conducted. (c) Tests of Joints and Connections Each manufacturer shall verify by shear tests on representative joints of typical joists that connections will meet the provision of Section 4.5(b). Chord and web members may be reinforced for such tests. (d) In-Plant Inspections Each manufacturer shall verify his ability to manufacture K-Series Joists through periodic In-Plant Inspections. Inspections shall be performed by an independent agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute. The frequency, manner of inspection, and manner of reporting shall be determined by the Steel Joist Institute. The plant inspections are not a guaranty of the quality of any specific joists or joist girders; this responsibility lies fully and solely with the individual manufacturer.
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4.7 CAMBER
Camber is optional with the manufacturer but, when provided, recommended approximate camber is as follows: Approximate Camber Top Chord Length 20'-0" (6096 mm) " (6 mm) 30'-0" (9144 mm) " (10 mm) 40'-0" (12192 mm) " (16 mm) 50'-0" (15240 mm) 1" (25 mm) 60'-0" (18288 mm) 1" (38 mm) In no case will joists be manufactured with negative camber.
SECTION 5.
APPLICATION
5.1 USAGE
These specifications shall apply to any type of structure where floors and roofs are to be supported directly by steel joists installed as hereinafter specified. Where joists are used other than on simple spans under uniformly distributed loading as prescribed in Section 4.1, they shall be investigated and modified if necessary to limit the unit stresses to those listed in Section 4.2. CAUTION: If a rigid connection of the bottom chord is to be made to the column or other support, it shall be made only after the application of the dead loads. The joist is then no longer simply supported, and the system must be investigated for continuous frame action by the specifying professional. The designed detail of a rigid type connection and moment plates shall be shown on the structural drawings by the specifying professional. The moment plates shall be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer.
designed by the specifying professional in compliance with the allowable unit stresses in Section A5.1 (Allowable Stress Design) of the A.I.S.C. Specification. The steel bearing plate shall be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer. Where it is deemed necessary to bear less than 4 inches (102 mm) over the masonry or concrete support, special consideration is to be given to the design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or concrete by the specifying professional. The joists must bear a minimum of 2 inches (64 mm) on the steel bearing plate. (b) Steel Due consideration of the end reactions and all other vertical and lateral forces shall be taken by the specifying professional in the design of the steel support. The ends of K-Series Joists shall extend a distance of not less than 2 inches (64 mm) over the steel supports.
5.4 BRIDGING
Bridging is required and shall consist of one of the following types. (a) Horizontal Horizontal bridging shall consist of two continuous horizontal steel members, one attached to the top chord and the other attached to the bottom chord. Each attachment to the joists shall be made by welding or mechanical means and shall be capable of resisting a horizontal force of not less than 700 pounds (3114 N). The ratio of unbraced length to least radius of gyration /r of the bridging member shall not exceed 300, where is the distance in inches (millimeters) between attachments and r is the least radius of gyration of the bridging member. (b) Diagonal Diagonal bridging shall consist of cross-bracing with an /r ratio of not more than 200, where is the distance in inches (millimeters) between connections and r is the least radius of gyration of the bracing member. Where cross-bracing members are connected at their point of intersection, the l distance shall be taken as the distance in inches (millimeters) between connections at the point of intersection of the bracing members and the connections to the chord of the joists. Connections to the chords of steel joists shall be made by positive mechanical means or by welding.
5.2 SPAN
The span of a joist shall not exceed 24 times its depth.
5.3 END SUPPORTS

(a) Masonry and Concrete K-Series joists supported by masonry or concrete are to bear on steel bearing plates and shall be designed as steel bearing. Due consideration of the end reactions and all other vertical or lateral forces shall be taken by the specifying professional in the design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or concrete. The ends of K-Series joists shall extend a distance of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) over the masonry or concrete support and be anchored to the steel bearing plate. The plate shall be located not more than inch (13 mm) from the face of the wall and shall be not less than 6 inches (152 mm) wide perpendicular to the length of the joist. It is to be
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Refer to the K-Series Load Table and Specification Section 6. for required bolted diagonal bridging. Distances are joist span lengths - See Definition of Span preceding the Load Table.
*Section Number #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 One Row Up thru 16' Up thru 17' Up thru 18' Up thru 19' Up thru 19' Up thru 19 Up thru 20' Up thru 20' Up thru 20' Up thru 20' Up thru 20' Up thru 20' Two Rows Over 16' thru 24' Over 17' thru 25' Over 18 thru 28' Over 19' thru 28' Over 19' thru 29' Over 19' thru 29' Over 20' thru 33' Over 20' thru 33' Over 20' thru 33 Over 20' thru 37 Over 20' thru 38 Over 20' thru 39 Three Rows Over 24' thru 28' Over 25 thru 32' Over 28 thru 38' Over 28 thru 38' Over 29 thru 39' Over 29 thru 39' Over 33 thru 45' Over 33 thru 45' Over 33 thru 46' Over 37 thru 51' Over 38 thru 53' Over 39 thru 53' Four Rows Five Rows
Over 38' thru 40' Over 38' thru 48' Over 39' thru 50' Over 39' thru 51' Over 45' thru 58' Over 45' thru 58' Over 46 thru 59' Over 51 thru 60' Over 53 thru 60' Over 53 thru 60'
Over 50' thru 52' Over 51' thru 56' Over 58' thru 60' Over 58' thru 60' Over 59' thru 60'
* Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table ** See Section 5.11 for additional bridging required for uplift design.
METRIC
Refer to the K-Series Metric Load Table and Specification Section 6. for required bolted diagonal bridging. Distances are joist span lengths in Millimeters (mm) - See Definition of Span preceding Load Table.
*Section Number #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 One Row up thru 4877 up thru 5182 up thru 5486 up thru 5791 up thru 5791 up thru 5791 up thru 6096 up thru 6096 up thru 6096 up thru 6096 up thru 6096 up thru 6096 Two Rows Over 4877 thru 7315 Over 5182 thru 7620 Over 5486 thru 8534 Over 5791 thru 8534 Over 5791 thru 8839 Over 5791 thru 8839 Over 6096 thru 10058 Over 6096 thru 10058 Over 6096 thru 10058 Over 6096 thru 11278 Over 6096 thru 11582 Over 6096 thru 11887 Three Rows Over 7315 thru 8534 Over 7620 thru 9754 Over 8534 thru 11582 Over 8534 thru 11582 Over 8839 thru 11887 Over 8839 thru 11887 Over 10058 thru 13716 Over 10058 thru 13716 Over 10058 thru 14021 Over 11278 thru 15545 Over 11582 thru 16154 Over 11887 thru 16154 Four Rows Five Rows
Over 11582 thru 12192 Over 11582 thru 14630 Over 11887 thru 15240 Over 11887 thru 15545 Over 13716 thru 17678 Over 13716 thru 17678 Over 14021 thru 17983 Over 15545 thru 18288 Over 16154 thru 18288 Over 16154 thru 18288
Over 15240 thru 15850 Over 15545 thru 17069 Over 17678 thru 18288 Over 17678 thru 18288 Over 17983 thru 18288
* Last digit(s) of joist designation shown in Load Table ** See Section 5.11 for additional bridging required for uplift design.
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(c) Quantity In no case shall the number of rows of bridging be less than shown in the bridging table. Spaces between rows shall be approximately uniform. See Section 5.11 for bridging required for uplift forces. (d) Bottom Chord Bearing Joists Where bottom chord bearing joists are utilized, there shall be a row of diagonal bridging near the support to provide lateral stability. This bridging shall be installed as the joists are set in place.
(b)
(c)
5.5 INSTALLATION OF BRIDGING

All bridging and bridging anchors shall be completely installed before construction loads are placed on the joists. Bridging shall support the top chords against lateral movement during the construction period and shall hold the steel joists in the approximate position as shown on the plans. The ends of all bridging lines terminating at walls or beams shall be anchored thereto.
(d)
(e)
5.6 END ANCHORAGE

(a) Masonry and Concrete Ends of K-Series Joists resting on steel bearing plates on masonry or structural concrete shall be attached thereto with a minimum of two inch (3 mm) fillet welds 1 inch (25 mm) long, or with two inch (13 mm) bolts, or with the combination of one inch (13 mm) bolt and one (3 mm) fillet weld 1 inch (25 mm) long or the equivalent. (b) Steel Ends of K-Series Joists resting on steel supports shall be attached thereto with a minimum of two inch (3 mm) fillet welds 1 inch (25 mm) long, or with two inch (13 mm) bolts, or with the combination of one inch (13 mm) bolt and one inch (3 mm) fillet weld 1 inch (25 mm) long or the equivalent. In steel frames, where columns are not framed in at least two directions with structural steel members, bearing seats for joists at column lines shall be fabricated to allow for field bolting. (c) Uplift Where uplift forces are a design consideration, roof joists shall be anchored to resist such forces. (f)
(g)
5.7 JOIST SPACING

Joists shall be spaced so that the loading on each joist does not exceed the allowable load for the particular joist designation.
5.8 FLOOR AND ROOF DECKS

(a) Material Floor and roof decks may consist of cast-in-place or pre-cast concrete or gypsum, formed steel, wood,
or other suitable material capable of supporting the required load at the specified joist spacing. Thickness Cast-in-place slabs shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) thick. Centering Centering for cast-in-place slabs may be ribbed metal lath, corrugated steel sheets, paper-backed welded wire fabric, removable centering or any other suitable material capable of supporting the slab at the designated joist spacing. Centering shall not cause lateral displacement or damage to the top chord of joists during installation or removal of the centering or placing of the concrete. Bearing Slabs or decks shall bear uniformly along the top chords of the joists. Attachments Each attachment for slab or deck to top chords of joists shall be capable of resisting a lateral force of not less than 300 pounds (1335 N). The spacing shall not exceed 36 inches (914 mm) along the top chord. Wood Nailers Where wood nailers are used, such nailers in conjunction with deck or slab shall be attached to the top chords of the joists in conformance with Section 5.8(e). Joist With Standing Seam Roofing The stiffness and strength of standing-seam roof clips varies from one manufacturer to another. Therefore, some roof systems cannot be counted on to provide lateral stability to the joists which support the roof. Sufficient stability must be provided to brace the joists laterally under the full design load. The compression chord must resist the chord axial design force in the plane of the joist (i.e., x-x axis buckling) and out of the plane of the joist (i.e., y-y axis buckling). Out-of-plane strength may be achieved by adjusting the bridging spacing and/or increasing the compression chord area, the joist depth, and the y-axis radius of gyration. The effective slenderness ratio in the y-direction equals 0.94 /ry; where is the bridging spacing. The maximum bridging spacing may not exceed that specified in Section 5.4(c). Horizontal bridging members attached to the compression chords and their anchorages must be designed for a compressive axial force of 0.0025nP, where n is the number of joists between end anchors and P is the chord design force. The attachment force between the horizontal bridging member and the compression chord is 0.005P. Horizontal bridging attached to the tension chords shall be proportioned so that the slenderness ratio between attachments
46
does not exceed 300. Diagonal bridging shall be proportioned so that the slenderness ratio between attachments does not exceed 200.
Arrangements shall be made with the manufacturer for such inspection of the joists at the manufacturing shop by the purchasers inspectors at purchasers expense.
5.9 DEFLECTION
The deflection due to the design live load shall not exceed the following: Floors: of span. Roofs: of span where a plaster ceiling is attached or suspended. of span for all other cases. The specifying professional shall give due consideration to the effects of deflection and vibration* in the selection of joists.
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute Technical Digest #5, Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete Slab Floors and the Institutes Computer Vibration Program.
5.13 PARALLEL CHORD SLOPED JOISTS

The span of a parallel chord sloped joist shall be defined by the length along the slope. Minimum depth, loadcarrying capacity, and bridging requirements shall be determined by the sloped definition of span. The Standard Load Table capacity shall be the component normal to the joist.
5.10 PONDING
Unless a roof surface is provided with sufficient slope towards points of free drainage, or adequate individual drains to prevent the accumulation of rain water, the roof system shall be investigated to assure stability under ponding conditions in accordance with Section K2 of the AISC Specification (Allowable Stress Design).* The ponding investigation shall be performed by the specifying professional.
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute Technical Digest #3, Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist Ponding Loads.
5.11 UPLIFT
Where uplift forces due to wind are a design requirement, these forces must be indicated on the contract drawings in terms of net uplift in pounds per square foot (Pascals). When these forces are specified, they must be considered in the design of joists and/or bridging. A single line of bottom chord bridging must be provided near the first bottom chord panel points whenever uplift due to wind forces is a design consideration.*
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute Technical Digest #6, Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist Uplift Loads.
5.12 INSPECTION
Joists shall be inspected by the manufacturer before shipment to insure compliance of materials and workmanship with the requirements of these specifications. If the purchaser wishes an inspection of the steel joists by someone other than the manufacturers own inspectors, he may reserve the right to do so in his Invitation to Bid or the accompanying Job Specifications.
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SECTION 6.
ERECTION STABILITY AND HANDLING

When it is necessary for the erector to climb on the joists, extreme caution must be exercised since unbridged joists may exhibit some degree of instability under the erectors weight. During the construction period, the contractor shall provide means for adequate distribution of concentrated loads so that the carrying capacity of any joist is not exceeded. a) Stability Requirements 1) One end of all joists shall be attached to its support in accordance with Section 5.6 End Anchorage, before allowing the weight of an erector on the joists. When a bolted seat connection is used for erection purposes, as a minimum, the bolts must be snug tightened. The snug tight condition is defined as the tightness that exists when all plies of a joint are in firm contact. This may be attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench or the full effort of an employee using an ordinary spud wrench. 2) Where the span of the joist exceeds the erection stability span as indicated by the Red shaded area of the load table, the row of bridging nearest the mid span of the joist shall be installed as bolted diagonal bridging. Hoisting cables shall not be released until this bolted diagonal bridging is completely installed. 3) No loads other than the weight of one erector are allowed on the joist until all bridging is completely installed and all joist ends are attached. 4) In the case of bottom chord bearing joists, the ends of the joist must be restrained laterally per Section 5.4(d) before releasing the hoisting cables. 5) After the joist is straightened and plumbed, and all bridging is completely installed and anchored, the ends of the joists shall be fully connected to the supports in accordance with Section 5.6 End Anchorage.
b) Field Welding 1) All field welding shall be performed in a workman-like manner to insure that the joists are not damaged by such welding. 2) On cold-formed members whose yield strength has been attained by cold working, and whose as-formed strength is used in the design, the total length of weld at any one point shall not exceed 50 percent of the overall developed width of the cold-formed section. c) Handling Care shall be exercised at all times to avoid damage to the joists and accessories through careless handling during unloading, storing and erecting.
*For a thorough coverage of this topic, refer to SJI Technical Digest #9, Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and Joist Girders.
48
DEFINITION OF SPAN
C
SPAN
C
SPAN 4"
SPAN 4" 4"
[ DESIGN LENGTH = SPAN 0.33 FT. ]

Parallel chord joists installed to a slope greater than inch per foot shall use span defined by the length along the slope.
49
STANDARD LOAD TABLE

FOR OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES
Based on a Maximum Allowable Tensile Stress of 30 ksi Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute November 4, 1985; Revised to May 1, 2000 Effective August 1, 2002
The black figures in the following table give the TOTAL safe uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in pounds per linear foot, of K-Series Steel Joists. The weight of DEAD loads, including the joists, must be deducted to determine the LIVE load-carrying capacities of the joists. Sloped parallel-chord joists shall use span as defined by the length along the slope. The figures shown in RED in this load table are the LIVE loads per linear foot of joist which will produce an approximate deflection of 1/360 of the span. LIVE loads which will produce a deflection of 1/240 of the span may be obtained by multiplying the figures in RED by 1.5. In no case shall the TOTAL load capacity of the joists be exceeded. The approximate joist weights per linear foot shown in these tables do not include accessories. The approximate moment of inertia of the joist, in inches4 is; Ij = 26.767(WLL)(L3)(10-6), where WLL = RED figure in the Load Table and L = (Span - .33) in feet. For the proper handling of concentrated and/or varying loads, see Section 5.5 in the Recommended Code of Standard Practice for Steel Joists and Joist Girders. Where the joist span exceeds the unshaded area of the load table, the row of bridging nearest the mid-span shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at the chords and intersections.
STANDARD LOAD TABLE/OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS, K-SERIES Based on a Maximum Allowable Tensile Stress of 30 ksi
Joist Designation Depth (in.) Approx. Wt (lbs./ft.) Span (ft.) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 8K1 8 5.1 10K1 10 5.0 12K1 12 5.0 12K3 12 5.7 12K5 12 7.1 14K1 14 5.2 14K3 14 6.0 14K4 14 6.7 14K6 14 7.7 16K2 16 5.5 16K3 16 6.3 16K4 16 7.0 16K5 16 7.5 16K6 16 8.1 16K7 16 8.6 16K9 16 10.0
550 550 550 550 550 480 532 377 444 288 377 225 324 179 281 145 246 119
550 550 550 542 550 455 479 363 412 289 358 234 313 192 277 159 246 134 221 113 199 97
550 550 550 510 500 425 434 344 380 282 336 234 299 197 268 167 241 142 218 123 199 106 181 93 166 81
550 550 550 510 550 463 543 428 476 351 420 291 374 245 335 207 302 177 273 153 249 132 227 116 208 101
550 550 550 510 550 463 550 434 550 396 550 366 507 317 454 269 409 230 370 198 337 172 308 150 282 132
550 550 511 475 448 390 395 324 352 272 315 230 284 197 257 170 234 147 214 128 196 113 180 100 166 88 154 79 143 70
550 550 550 507 550 467 495 404 441 339 395 287 356 246 322 212 293 184 268 160 245 141 226 124 209 110 193 98 180 88
550 550 550 507 550 467 550 443 530 397 475 336 428 287 388 248 353 215 322 188 295 165 272 145 251 129 233 115 216 103
550 550 550 507 550 467 550 443 550 408 550 383 525 347 475 299 432 259 395 226 362 199 334 175 308 156 285 139 265 124
550 550 512 488 456 409 408 347 368 297 333 255 303 222 277 194 254 170 234 150 216 133 200 119 186 106 173 95 161 86 151 78 142 71
550 550 550 526 508 456 455 386 410 330 371 285 337 247 308 216 283 189 260 167 240 148 223 132 207 118 193 106 180 96 168 87 158 79
550 550 550 526 550 490 547 452 493 386 447 333 406 289 371 252 340 221 313 195 289 173 268 155 249 138 232 124 216 112 203 101 190 92
550 550 550 526 550 490 550 455 550 426 503 373 458 323 418 282 384 248 353 219 326 194 302 173 281 155 261 139 244 126 228 114 214 103
550 550 550 526 550 490 550 455 550 426 548 405 498 351 455 307 418 269 384 238 355 211 329 188 306 168 285 151 266 137 249 124 233 112
550 550 550 526 550 490 550 455 550 426 550 406 550 385 507 339 465 298 428 263 395 233 366 208 340 186 317 167 296 151 277 137 259 124
550 550 550 526 550 490 550 455 550 426 550 406 550 385 550 363 550 346 514 311 474 276 439 246 408 220 380 198 355 178 332 161 311 147
50
Joist 18K3 18K4 18K5 18K6 18K7 18K9 18K10 Designation 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 Depth (In.) Approx. Wt. 6.6 7.2 7.7 8.5 9 10.2 11.7 (lbs./ft.) Span (ft.) 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44
20K3 20K4 20K5 20K6 20K7 20K9 20K10 22K4 22K5 22K6 22K7 22K9 22K10 22K11
20 6.7
20 7.6
20 8.2
20 8.9
20 9.3
20 10.8
20 12.2
22 8
22 8.8
22 9.2
22 9.7
22 11.3
22 12.6
22 13.8
550 550 514 494 463 423 420 364 382 316 349 276 320 242 294 214 272 190 252 169 234 151 218 136 203 123 190 111 178 101 168 92 158 84 149 77 141 70
550 550 550 523 550 490 506 426 460 370 420 323 385 284 355 250 328 222 303 198 282 177 263 159 245 144 229 130 215 118 202 108 190 98 179 90 169 82
550 550 550 523 550 490 550 460 518 414 473 362 434 318 400 281 369 249 342 222 318 199 296 179 276 161 258 146 242 132 228 121 214 110 202 101 191 92
550 550 550 523 550 490 550 460 550 438 516 393 473 345 435 305 402 271 372 241 346 216 322 194 301 175 281 158 264 144 248 131 233 120 220 110 208 101
550 550 550 523 550 490 550 460 550 438 550 418 526 382 485 337 448 299 415 267 385 239 359 215 335 194 313 175 294 159 276 145 260 132 245 121 232 111
550 550 550 523 550 490 550 460 550 438 550 418 550 396 550 377 538 354 498 315 463 282 431 254 402 229 376 207 353 188 332 171 312 156 294 143 278 132
550 550 550 523 550 490 550 460 550 438 550 418 550 396 550 377 550 361 550 347 548 331 511 298 477 269 446 243 418 221 393 201 370 184 349 168 330 154
517 517 468 453 426 393 389 344 357 302 329 266 304 236 281 211 261 189 243 170 227 153 212 138 199 126 187 114 176 105 166 96 157 88 148 81 141 74 133 69 127 64
550 550 550 520 514 461 469 402 430 353 396 312 366 277 339 247 315 221 293 199 274 179 256 162 240 147 226 134 212 122 200 112 189 103 179 95 170 87 161 81 153 75
550 550 550 520 550 490 529 451 485 396 446 350 412 310 382 277 355 248 330 223 308 201 289 182 271 165 254 150 239 137 226 126 213 115 202 106 191 98 181 90 172 84
550 550 550 520 550 490 550 468 528 430 486 380 449 337 416 301 386 269 360 242 336 218 314 198 295 179 277 163 261 149 246 137 232 125 220 115 208 106 198 98 188 91
550 550 550 520 550 490 550 468 550 448 541 421 500 373 463 333 430 298 401 268 374 242 350 219 328 199 309 181 290 165 274 151 259 139 245 128 232 118 220 109 209 101
550 550 550 520 550 490 550 468 550 448 550 426 550 405 550 389 517 353 482 317 450 286 421 259 395 235 371 214 349 195 329 179 311 164 294 151 279 139 265 129 251 119
550 550 550 520 550 490 550 468 550 448 550 426 550 405 550 389 550 375 550 359 533 336 499 304 468 276 440 251 414 229 390 210 369 193 349 178 331 164 314 151 298 140
550 548 518 491 475 431 438 381 404 338 374 301 348 270 324 242 302 219 283 198 265 180 249 164 235 149 221 137 209 126 198 116 187 107 178 98 169 91 161 85 153 79 146 73 139 68
550 548 550 518 536 483 493 427 455 379 422 337 392 302 365 272 341 245 319 222 299 201 281 183 265 167 249 153 236 141 223 130 211 119 200 110 190 102 181 95 173 88 165 82 157 76
550 548 550 518 550 495 537 464 496 411 459 367 427 328 398 295 371 266 347 241 326 219 306 199 288 182 272 167 257 153 243 141 230 130 218 120 207 111 197 103 188 96 179 89 171 83
550 548 550 518 550 495 550 474 550 454 512 406 475 364 443 327 413 295 387 267 363 242 341 221 321 202 303 185 286 169 271 156 256 144 243 133 231 123 220 114 209 106 200 99 191 92
550 548 550 518 550 495 550 474 550 454 550 432 550 413 532 387 497 349 465 316 436 287 410 261 386 239 364 219 344 201 325 185 308 170 292 157 278 146 264 135 252 126 240 117 229 109
550 548 550 518 550 495 550 474 550 454 550 432 550 413 550 399 550 385 550 369 517 337 486 307 458 280 432 257 408 236 386 217 366 200 347 185 330 171 314 159 299 148 285 138 272 128
550 548 550 518 550 495 550 474 550 454 550 432 550 413 550 399 550 385 550 369 549 355 532 334 516 314 494 292 467 269 442 247 419 228 397 211 377 195 359 181 342 168 326 157 311 146
51
Joist Designation Depth (In.) Approx. Wt. (lbs./ft.) Span (ft.) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 24K4 24 8.4 24K5 24 9.3 24K6 24 9.7 24K7 24 10.1 24K8 24 11.5 24K9 24 12.0 24K10 24 13.1 24K12 24 16.0 26K5 26 9.8 26K6 26 10.6 26K7 26 10.9 26K8 26 12.1 26K9 26 12.2 26K10 26 13.8 26K12 26 16.6
520 516 479 456 442 405 410 361 381 323 354 290 331 262 310 237 290 215 273 196 257 179 242 164 229 150 216 138 205 128 195 118 185 109 176 101 168 94 160 88 153 82 146 76 139 71 133 67 128 63
550 544 540 511 499 453 462 404 429 362 400 325 373 293 349 266 327 241 308 220 290 201 273 184 258 169 244 155 231 143 219 132 208 122 198 114 189 106 180 98 172 92 164 86 157 80 150 75 144 70
550 544 550 520 543 493 503 439 467 393 435 354 406 319 380 289 357 262 335 239 315 218 297 200 281 183 266 169 252 156 239 144 227 133 216 124 206 115 196 107 187 100 179 93 171 87 164 82 157 77
550 544 550 520 550 499 550 479 521 436 485 392 453 353 424 320 397 290 373 265 351 242 331 221 313 203 296 187 281 172 266 159 253 148 241 137 229 127 219 118 209 110 199 103 191 97 183 90 175 85
550 544 550 520 550 499 550 479 550 456 536 429 500 387 468 350 439 318 413 289 388 264 366 242 346 222 327 205 310 189 294 174 280 161 266 150 253 139 242 130 231 121 220 113 211 106 202 99 194 93
550 544 550 520 550 499 550 479 550 456 550 436 544 419 510 379 478 344 449 313 423 286 399 262 377 241 356 222 338 204 320 189 304 175 290 162 276 151 263 140 251 131 240 122 230 114 220 107 211 101
550 544 550 520 550 499 550 479 550 456 550 436 550 422 550 410 549 393 532 368 502 337 473 308 447 283 423 260 401 240 380 222 361 206 344 191 327 177 312 165 298 154 285 144 272 135 261 126 250 118
550 544 550 520 550 499 550 479 550 456 550 436 550 422 550 410 549 393 532 368 516 344 501 324 487 306 474 290 461 275 449 261 438 247 427 235 417 224 406 213 387 199 370 185 354 174 339 163 325 153
542 535 502 477 466 427 434 384 405 346 379 314 356 285 334 259 315 237 297 217 280 199 265 183 251 169 238 156 227 145 215 134 205 125 196 116 187 108 179 101 171 95 164 89 157 83 150 78 144 73 139 69 133 65
550 541 547 519 508 464 473 417 441 377 413 341 387 309 364 282 343 257 323 236 305 216 289 199 274 184 260 170 247 157 235 146 224 136 213 126 204 118 194 110 186 103 178 96 171 90 164 85 157 80 151 75 145 71
550 541 550 522 550 501 527 463 492 417 460 378 432 343 406 312 382 285 360 261 340 240 322 221 305 204 289 188 275 174 262 162 249 150 238 140 227 131 217 122 207 114 199 107 190 100 183 94 175 89 168 83 162 79
550 541 550 522 550 501 550 479 544 457 509 413 477 375 448 342 422 312 398 286 376 263 356 242 337 223 320 206 304 191 289 177 275 164 263 153 251 143 240 133 229 125 219 117 210 110 202 103 194 97 186 91 179 86
550 541 550 522 550 501 550 479 550 459 550 444 519 407 488 370 459 338 433 310 409 284 387 262 367 241 348 223 331 207 315 192 300 178 286 166 273 155 261 145 250 135 239 127 229 119 220 112 211 105 203 99 195 93
550 541 550 522 550 501 550 479 550 459 550 444 549 431 532 404 516 378 501 356 486 334 460 308 436 284 413 262 393 243 374 225 356 210 339 195 324 182 310 170 296 159 284 149 272 140 261 131 250 124 241 116 231 110
550 541 550 522 550 501 550 479 550 459 550 444 549 431 532 404 516 378 501 356 487 334 474 315 461 299 449 283 438 269 427 256 417 244 407 232 398 222 389 212 380 203 369 192 353 180 339 169 325 159 313 150 301 142
52
Joist Designation Depth (In.) Approx. Wt. (lbs./ft.) Span (ft.) 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 28K6 28 11.4 28K7 28 11.8 28K8 28 12.7 28K9 28 13.0 28K10 28 14.3 28K12 28 17.1 30K7 30 12.3 30K8 30 13.2 30K9 30 13.4 30K10 30 15.0 30K11 30 16.4 30K12 30 17.6
548 541 511 486 477 439 446 397 418 361 393 329 370 300 349 275 330 252 312 232 296 214 280 198 266 183 253 170 241 158 230 147 220 137 210 128 201 120 192 112 184 105 177 99 170 93 163 88 157 83 151 78 145 74 140 70 135 66
550 543 550 522 531 486 497 440 466 400 438 364 412 333 389 305 367 280 348 257 329 237 313 219 297 203 283 189 269 175 257 163 245 152 234 142 224 133 214 125 206 117 197 110 189 103 182 97 175 92 168 87 162 82 156 77 151 73
550 543 550 522 550 500 550 480 515 438 484 399 456 364 430 333 406 306 384 282 364 260 346 240 328 222 312 206 297 192 284 179 271 167 259 156 248 146 237 136 227 128 218 120 209 113 201 106 193 100 186 95 179 89 173 85 166 80
550 543 550 522 550 500 550 480 549 463 527 432 496 395 468 361 442 332 418 305 396 282 376 260 357 241 340 224 324 208 309 194 295 181 282 169 270 158 258 148 247 139 237 130 228 123 219 115 210 109 203 103 195 97 188 92 181 87
550 543 550 522 550 500 550 480 549 463 532 435 516 410 501 389 487 366 474 344 461 325 447 306 424 284 404 263 384 245 367 228 350 212 334 198 320 186 306 174 294 163 282 153 270 144 260 136 250 128 240 121 232 114 223 108 215 102
550 543 550 522 550 500 550 480 549 463 532 435 516 410 501 389 487 366 474 344 461 325 449 308 438 291 427 277 417 264 407 252 398 240 389 229 380 219 372 210 365 201 357 193 350 185 338 175 325 165 313 156 301 147 290 139 280 132
550 543 534 508 501 461 471 420 443 384 418 351 395 323 373 297 354 274 336 253 319 234 303 217 289 202 276 188 263 176 251 164 241 153 230 144 221 135 212 127 203 119 195 112 188 106 181 100 174 94 168 89 162 84 156 80 151 76 146 72 141 69
550 543 550 520 549 500 520 460 490 420 462 384 436 353 413 325 391 300 371 277 353 256 335 238 320 221 305 206 291 192 278 179 266 168 255 157 244 148 234 139 225 130 216 123 208 116 200 109 192 103 185 98 179 92 173 88 167 83 161 79 156 75
550 543 550 520 549 500 532 468 516 441 501 415 475 383 449 352 426 325 404 300 384 278 365 258 348 240 332 223 317 208 303 195 290 182 277 171 266 160 255 150 245 141 235 133 226 126 218 119 209 112 202 106 195 100 188 95 181 90 175 86 169 81
550 543 550 520 549 500 532 468 516 441 501 415 487 392 474 374 461 353 449 333 438 315 427 300 413 282 394 263 376 245 359 229 344 214 329 201 315 188 303 177 291 166 279 157 268 148 258 140 249 132 240 125 231 118 223 112 215 106 208 101 201 96
550 543 550 520 549 500 532 468 516 441 501 415 487 392 474 374 461 353 449 333 438 315 427 300 417 284 407 270 398 258 389 246 380 236 372 226 362 215 347 202 333 190 320 179 308 169 296 159 285 150 275 142 265 135 256 128 247 121 239 115 231 109
550 543 550 520 549 500 532 468 516 441 501 415 487 392 474 374 461 353 449 333 438 315 427 300 417 284 407 270 398 258 389 246 380 236 372 226 365 216 357 207 350 199 343 192 336 184 330 177 324 170 312 161 301 153 290 145 280 137 271 130 262 124
53

Please reference Chapter Vl of SJI Technical Digest No. 9 HANDLING AND ERECTION of steel joists and joist girders (July, 1987).
M M o R V o R KCS JOIST SHEAR AND MOMENT ENVELOPES M
KCS JOISTS
The KCS joists: 1. Provide a versatile K-Series joist that can be easily specified to support uniform loads plus concentrated and non-uniform loads. 2) Eliminate many repetitive load diagrams required on contract documents and allow some flexibility of load locations. KCS joists are designed in accordance with the Standard Specifications for K-Series joists. Standard K-Series Joists are designed for simple span uniform load which results in a parabolic moment diagram for chord forces and a linearly sloped shear diagram for web forces. When non-uniform and/or concentrated loads are encountered the shear and moment diagrams required may be shaped quite differently and may not be covered by the shear and moment design envelopes of a standard K-Series joist. KCS joist chords are designed for a flat positive moment envelope. The moment capacity is constant at all interior panels. The top chord end panel is designed for axial load based on the force in the first tension web, which is based on the specified shear. A uniform load of 550 plf (8020 N/m) is used to check end panel bending. The web forces are determined based on a flat shear envelope. All webs are designed for a vertical shear equal to the specified shear capacity. Furthermore, all webs (except the first tension web which remains in tension under all simple span gravity loads) will be designed for 100% stress reversal. The KCS joist load tables list the shear and moment capacity of each joist. The selection of a KCS joist requires the specifying professional to calculate the maximum moment and shear imposed and select the appropriate KCS joist. If a KCS joist cannot be selected from the load table or if any uniform load exceeds 550 plf (8020 N/m) or if the maximum concentrated load exceeds the shear capacity of the joist, use double KCS joists or select an LH-SERIES joist. For the LH-SERIES joist, supply a load diagram. When net uplift loads, end moments or other external horizontal loads are a design consideration, these loads shall be provided to the joist manufacturer by the specifying professional. As is the case with standard K-, LH- and DLH-SERIES joists, chord bending due to concentrated loads must be addressed. In the case of concentrated loads, the specifying professional shall handle them in one of two ways: 1) specify on the structural drawings that an extra web must be field applied at all concentrated loads not occurring at joist panel points, or 2) provide exact locations of all concentrated loads for which the joist manufacturer shall provide necessary reinforcement.
EXAMPLE 1
1000 lb. (4.45kN) 8 ft (2438mm) W = 240 plf (3503N/m) L = 40 ft. (12192mm) (L= design length) RL RR
M = 625 in-kip (70.6 kN-m) RL= 5600 lbs. (24.9 kN), RR = 5000 lbs.(22.2 kN) Select a 22KCS3, M = 658 in-kip (74.3 kN-m) R = 6600 lbs. (29.3 kN) Bridging section no. 9 for L = 40 ft.(12192 mm) Use 22K9 to determine bridging and stability requirements. Since a standard KCS Joist can be selected from the load table a load diagram is not required.
54
KCS JOISTS
EXAMPLE 2
300 lb (1.33kN) 800 lb (3.56kN) 500 lb (2.2kN) W = 160 plf (2335N/m) W=270 plf (3940N/m) 2 610 mm 4 1219 mm 3 914 mm
Bridging section no. 12 for L = 55 ft. (16764 mm) Use 28K12 to determine bridging and stability requirements. OPTION B: Select an LH-Series Joist. Calculate an equivalent uniform load based on the maximum moment or shear: 8M WM = = 641 plf (9.35 kN/m) 2 L
WV =
8 ft. 2438m L = 30 ft (9144mm)
2R = 509 plf (7.43 kN/m) L
RL
RR
M = 443 in-kip (50.1 kN-m) RL = 5000 lbs. (22.2 kN), RR = 5340 lbs. (23.7 kN) Select a 22KCS2, M = 488 in-kip (55.1 kN-m) R = 5900 lbs.(26.2 kN) Bridging section no. 6 for L = 30 ft. (9144 mm) Use 22K6 to determine bridging and stability requirements. Since the maximum uniform load of 430 plf (6275 N/m) (270 plf (3940 N/m) + 160 plf (2335 N/m)) does not exceed the maximum KCS joist uniform load of 550 plf (8020 N/m) and a standard KCS joist can be selected from the load table, a load diagram is not required.
Use 641 plf (9.35 kN/m) From the LH-Series Load Table select a 32LH13. W = 690 plf (10.06 kN/m) for a 55 ft. (16764 mm) span. Specify a 32LH13SP and present a load diagram on the structural drawings with the following note: JOIST MANUFACTURER SHALL DESIGN FOR THE LOADING SHOWN IN THE LOAD DIAGRAM.
EXAMPLE 3
2000 lb
W =500plf (7297N/m)
2000 lb (8.9kN)
W = 300 plf (4378N/m) 20 ft (6096mm) RL 15 ft (4572mm) 20 ft (6096mm) RR
L = 55 ft. (16764mm)
M = 2910 in-kip (328.8 kN-m) RL = RR = 14000 lbs. (62.3 kN) EXCEEDS CAPACITY OF 30KCS5 (MAXIMUM KCS JOIST) AND EXCEEDS MAX. UNIFORM LOAD OF 550 plf (8020 kN). OPTION A: Use double joists each having a min. M = 1455 in-kip (164.4 kN-m) and R = 7000 lbs. (31.1 kN) and a uniform load of 400 plf (5838 N/m). Select two 28KCS5, M = 1704 in-kip (192.5 kN-m) R = 9200 lbs. (40.9 kN)
55
KCS JOISTS LOAD TABLE (U.S. CUSTOMARY)
JOIST DEPTH MOMENT SHEAR APPROX. DESIGNATION (inches) CAPACITY* CAPACITY* WEIGHT** (inch-kips) (lbs) (lbs/ft) 10KCS1 10KCS2 10KCS3 12KCS1 12KCS2 12KCS3 14KCS1 14KCS2 14KCS3 16KCS2 16KCS3 16KCS4 16KCS5 18KCS2 18KCS3 18KCS4 18KCS5 20KCS2 20KCS3 20KCS4 20KCS5 22KCS2 22KCS3 22KCS4 22KCS5 24KCS2 24KCS3 24KCS4 24KCS5 26KCS2 26KCS3 26KCS4 26KCS5 28KCS2 28KCS3 28KCS4 28KCS5 30KCS3 30KCS4 30KCS5 10 10 10 12 12 12 14 14 14 16 16 16 16 18 18 18 18 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 22 24 24 24 24 26 26 26 26 28 28 28 28 30 30 30 172 225 296 209 274 362 247 324 428 349 470 720 934 395 532 817 1062 442 595 914 1191 488 658 1012 1319 534 720 1108 1448 580 783 1206 1576 626 846 1303 1704 908 1400 1833 2000 2500 3000 2400 3000 3500 2900 3400 3900 4000 4800 5300 5800 4700 5200 5700 6200 5200 6000 7900 8400 5900 6600 7900 8600 6300 7200 8400 8900 6600 7800 8500 9200 6900 8000 8500 9200 8000 8500 9200 6.0 7.5 10.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 6.5 8.0 10.0 8.5 10.5 14.5 18.0 9.0 11.0 15.0 18.5 9.5 11.5 16.5 20.0 10.0 12.5 16.5 20.5 10.0 12.5 16.5 20.5 10.0 12.5 16.5 20.5 10.5 12.5 16.5 20.5 13.0 16.5 21.0
GROSS MOMENT OF INERTIA (in^4) 29 37 47 43 55 71 59 77 99 99 128 192 245 127 164 247 316 159 205 308 396 194 251 377 485 232 301 453 584 274 355 536 691 320 414 626 808 478 722 934
BRIDG TABLE. SECT NO. 1 1 1 3 5 5 4 6 6 6 9 9 9 6 9 10 10 6 9 10 10 6 9 11 11 6 9 12 12 6 9 12 12 6 9 12 12 9 12 12
* MAXIMUM UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD CAPACITY IS 550 PLF AND SINGLE CONCENTRATED LOAD CANNOT EXCEED SHEAR CAPACITY. ** DOES NOT INCLUDE ACCESSORIES
56
ECONOMY TABLE
K-SERIES JOISTS
The table on the following pages is provided as an aid to the designer in selecting the most economical K-Series joists for the loads and spans required. Although considerable care has been taken in developing this chart, it must be realized that each joist manufacturer has his own unique cost; consequently, the Steel Joist Institute cannot guaranty the accuracy of this Table. The K-Series joists are arranged in accordance with their weight per foot; where two or more joists weigh the same, they are arranged according to their depth. To utilize this table, determine the span (ft.) and load (plf.) required; go to the required span in the left hand column, then read across until a load equal to or greater than the required load is reached. The first joist that satisfies this loading is the most economical joist for those conditions. If this joist is too deep or too shallow, or does not satisfy the deflection limitations, continue on horizontally to the right until a joist is found that satisfies the depth requirements as well as the load and deflection requirements. deflection due to the design live load to of the span). Span = 30'- 0" Maximum joist depth allowed = 20" DL = 48 psf (includes joist weight) LL = 100 psf TL = 148 psf WTL = 148 x 2.5 = 370 plf WLL = 100 x 2.5 = 250 plf A 22K6 at a span of 30 feet can carry 371 plf of Total Load and possesses a Live Load deflection figure of 266 plf. However, it exceeds the maximum depth limitation of 20 inches. A 20K7 fulfills the Total Load requirement but possesses a Live Load deflection figure of only 242 plf. It is then found that a 20K9 is the most economical joist that satisfies all the requirements of Total Load, Live Load deflection, and maximum depth limitation. Where the joist span exceeds the unshaded area of the table, the row of bridging nearest the midspan shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at chords and midspan.
EXAMPLE:
Floor joists @ 2'-6" on center, supporting a structural concrete slab. (Section 5.9 of the Specifications limits the
57
K-SERIES ECONOMY TABLE
Joist Designation Depth (In.) Approx. Wt. (lbs./ft)
10K1 10 5.0
12K1 12 5.0
8K1 8 5.1
14K1 14 5.2
16K2 16 5.5
12K3 12 5.7
14K3 14 6.0
16K3 16 6.3
18K3 18 6.6
14K4 14 6.7
20K3 20 6.7
16K4 16 7.0
12K5 12 7.1
18K4 18 7.2
16K5 16 7.5
20K4 20 7.6
Span (ft) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 550 550 550 542 550 455 479 363 412 289 358 234 313 192 277 159 246 134 221 113 199 97 550 550 550 550 550 480 532 377 444 288 377 225 324 179 281 145 246 119
550 550 550 510 500 425 434 344 380 282 336 234 299 197 268 167 241 142 218 123 199 106 181 93 166 81
550 550 511 475 448 390 395 324 352 272 315 230 284 197 257 170 234 147 214 128 196 113 180 100 166 88 154 79 143 70
550 550 512 488 456 409 408 347 368 297 333 255 303 222 277 194 254 170 234 150 216 133 200 119 186 106 173 95 161 86 151 78 142 71
550 550 550 510 550 463 543 428 476 351 420 291 374 245 335 207 302 177 273 153 249 132 227 116 208 101
550 550 550 507 550 467 495 404 441 339 395 287 356 246 322 212 293 184 268 160 245 141 226 124 209 110 193 98 180 88
550 550 550 526 508 456 455 386 410 330 371 285 337 247 308 216 283 189 260 167 240 148 223 132 207 118 193 106 180 96 168 87 158 79
550 550 514 494 463 423 420 364 382 316 349 276 320 242 294 214 272 190 252 169 234 151 218 136 203 123 190 111 178 101 168 92 158 84 149 77 141 70
550 550 550 507 550 467 550 443 530 397 475 336 428 287 388 248 353 215 322 188 295 165 272 145 251 129 233 115 216 103
517 517 468 453 426 393 389 344 357 302 329 266 304 236 281 211 261 189 243 170 227 153 212 138 199 126 187 114 176 105 166 96 157 88 148 81 141 74 133 69 127 64
550 550 550 526 550 490 547 452 493 386 447 333 406 289 371 252 340 221 313 195 289 173 268 155 249 138 232 124 216 112 203 101 190 92
550 550 550 510 550 463 550 434 550 396 550 366 507 317 454 269 409 230 370 198 337 172 308 150 282 132
550 550 550 523 550 490 506 426 460 370 420 323 385 284 355 250 328 222 303 198 282 177 263 159 245 144 229 130 215 118 202 108 190 98 179 90 169 82 1 1 1 1
550 550 550 526 550 490 550 455 550 426 503 373 458 323 418 282 384 248 353 219 326 194 302 173 281 155 261 139 244 126 228 114 214 103
550 550 550 520 514 461 469 402 430 353 396 312 366 277 339 247 315 221 293 199 274 179 256 162 240 147 226 134 212 122 200 112 189 103 79 95 70 87 61 81 53 75
58
Joist Designation Depth (In). Approx. Wt. (lbs./ft) Span (ft) 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
14K6 14 7.7
18K5 18 7.7
22K4 22 8.0
16K6 16 8.1
20K5 20 8.2
24K4 24 8.4
18K6 18 8.5
16K7 16 8.6
22K5 22 8.8
20K6 20 8.9
18K7 18 9.0
22K6 22 9.2
20K7 20 9.3
24K5 24 9.3
22K7 22 9.7
24K6 24 9.7
550 550 550 507 550 467 550 443 550 408 550 383 525 347 475 299 432 259 395 226 362 199 334 175 308 156 285 139 265 124
550 550 550 523 550 490 550 460 518 414 473 362 434 318 400 281 369 249 342 222 318 199 296 179 276 161 258 146 242 132 228 121 214 110 202 101 191 92
550 548 518 491 475 431 438 381 404 338 374 301 348 270 324 242 302 219 283 198 265 180 249 164 235 149 221 137 209 126 198 116 187 107 178 98 169 91 161 85 153 79 146 73 139 68
550 550 550 526 550 490 550 455 550 426 548 405 498 351 455 307 418 269 384 238 355 211 329 188 306 168 285 151 266 137 249 124 233 112
550 550 550 520 550 490 529 451 485 396 446 350 412 310 382 277 355 248 330 223 308 201 289 182 271 165 254 150 239 137 226 126 213 115 202 106 191 98 181 90 172 84
520 516 479 456 442 405 410 361 381 323 354 290 331 262 310 237 290 215 273 196 257 179 242 164 229 150 216 138 205 128 195 118 185 109 176 101 168 94 160 88 153 82 146 76 139 71 133 67 128 63
550 550 550 523 550 490 550 460 550 438 516 393 473 345 435 305 402 271 372 241 346 216 322 194 301 175 281 158 264 144 248 131 233 120 220 110 208 101
550 550 550 526 550 490 550 455 550 426 550 406 550 385 507 339 465 298 428 263 395 233 366 208 340 186 317 167 296 151 277 137 259 124
550 548 550 518 536 483 493 427 455 379 422 337 392 302 365 272 341 245 319 222 299 201 281 183 265 167 249 153 236 141 223 130 211 119 200 110 190 102 181 95 173 88 165 82 157 76
550 550 550 520 550 490 550 468 528 430 486 380 449 337 416 301 386 269 360 242 336 218 314 198 295 179 277 163 261 149 246 137 232 125 220 115 208 106 198 98 188 91
550 550 550 523 550 490 550 460 550 438 550 418 526 382 485 337 448 299 415 267 385 239 359 215 335 194 313 175 294 159 276 145 260 132 245 121 232 111
550 548 550 518 550 495 537 464 496 411 459 367 427 328 398 295 371 266 347 241 326 219 306 199 288 182 272 167 257 153 243 141 230 130 218 120 207 111 197 103 188 96 179 89 171 83
550 550 550 520 550 490 550 468 550 448 541 421 500 373 463 333 430 298 401 268 374 242 350 219 328 199 309 181 290 165 274 151 259 139 245 128 232 118 220 109 209 101
550 544 540 511 499 453 462 404 429 362 400 325 373 293 349 266 327 241 308 220 290 201 273 184 258 169 244 155 231 143 219 132 208 122 198 114 189 106 180 98 172 92 164 86 157 80 150 75 144 70
550 548 550 518 550 495 550 474 550 454 512 406 475 364 443 327 413 295 387 267 363 242 341 221 321 202 303 185 286 169 271 156 256 144 243 133 231 123 220 114 209 106 200 99 191 92
550 544 550 520 543 493 503 439 467 393 435 354 406 319 380 289 357 262 335 239 315 218 297 200 281 183 266 169 252 156 239 144 227 133 216 124 206 115 196 107 187 100 179 93 171 87 164 82 157 77
59
Joist Designation Depth (In). Approx. Wt (lbs./ft.) Span (ft.)
26K5 26 9.8
16K9 16 10
24K7 24 10.1
18K9 18 10.2
26K6 26 10.6
20K9 20 10.8
26K7 26 10.9
22K9 22 11.3
28K6 28 11.4
24K8 24 11.5
18K10 18 11.7
28K7 28 11.8
24K9 24 12
26K8 26 12.1
20K10 20 12.2
26K9 26 12.2
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 542 535 502 477 466 427 434 384 405 346 379 314 356 285 334 259 315 237 297 217 280 199 265 183 251 169 238 156 227 145 215 134 205 125 196 116 187 108 179 101 171 95 164 89 157 83 150 78 144 73 139 69 133 65
550 550 550 526 550 490 550 455 550 426 550 406 550 385 550 363 550 346 514 311 474 276 439 246 408 220 380 198 355 178 332 161 311 147
550 544 550 520 550 499 550 479 521 436 485 392 453 353 424 320 397 290 373 265 351 242 331 221 313 203 296 187 281 172 266 159 253 148 241 137 229 127 219 118 209 110 199 103 191 97 183 90 175 85
550 550 550 523 550 490 550 460 550 438 550 418 550 396 550 377 538 354 498 315 463 282 431 254 402 229 376 207 353 188 332 171 312 156 294 143 278 132
550 541 547 519 508 464 473 417 441 377 413 341 387 309 364 282 343 257 323 236 305 216 289 199 274 184 260 170 247 157 235 146 224 136 213 126 204 118 194 110 186 103 178 96 171 90 164 85 157 80 151 75 145 71
550 550 550 520 550 490 550 468 550 448 550 426 550 405 550 389 517 353 482 317 450 286 421 259 395 235 371 214 349 195 329 179 311 164 294 151 279 139 265 129 251 119
550 541 550 522 550 501 527 463 492 417 460 378 432 343 406 312 382 285 360 261 340 240 322 221 305 204 289 188 275 174 262 162 249 150 238 140 227 131 217 122 207 114 199 107 190 100 183 94 175 89 168 83 162 79
550 548 550 518 550 495 550 474 550 454 550 432 550 413 532 387 497 349 465 316 436 287 410 261 386 239 364 219 344 201 325 185 308 170 292 157 278 146 264 135 252 126 240 117 229 109
548 541 511 486 477 439 446 397 418 361 393 329 370 300 349 275 330 252 312 232 296 214 280 198 266 183 253 170 241 158 230 147 220 137 210 128 201 120 192 112 184 105 177 99 170 93 163 88 157 83 151 78 145 74 140 70 135 66
550 544 550 520 550 499 550 479 550 456 536 429 500 387 468 350 439 318 413 289 388 264 366 242 346 222 327 205 310 189 294 174 280 161 266 150 253 139 242 130 231 121 220 113 211 106 202 99 194 93
550 550 550 523 550 490 550 460 550 438 550 418 550 396 550 377 550 361 550 347 548 331 511 298 477 269 446 243 418 221 393 201 370 184 349 168 330 154
4 550 544 550 520 550 499 550 479 550 456 550 436 544 419 510 379 478 344 449 313 423 286 399 262 377 241 356 222 338 204 320 189 304 175 290 162 276 151 263 140 251 131 240 122 230 114 220 107 211 101 4
550 543 550 522 531 486 497 440 466 400 438 364 412 333 389 305 367 280 348 257 329 237 313 219 297 203 283 189 269 175 257 163 245 152 234 142 224 133 214 125 206 117 197 110 189 103 182 97 175 92 168 87 162 82 156 77 151 73
550 541 550 522 550 501 550 479 544 457 509 413 477 375 448 342 422 312 398 286 376 263 356 242 337 223 320 206 304 191 289 177 275 164 263 153 251 143 240 133 229 125 219 117 210 110 202 103 194 97 186 91 179 86
550 550 550 520 550 90 550 68 550 448 550 426 550 405 550 389 550 375 550 359 533 336 499 304 468 276 440 251 414 229 390 210 369 193 349 178 331 164 314 151 298 140
550 541 550 522 550 501 550 479 550 459 550 444 519 407 488 370 459 338 433 310 409 284 387 262 367 241 348 223 331 207 315 192 300 178 286 166 273 155 261 145 250 135 239 127 229 119 220 112 211 105 203 99 195 93
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Joist Designation Depth (In.) Approx. Wt. (lbs/ft) Span (ft.)
30K7 30 12.3
22K10 22 12.6
28K8 28 12.7
28K9 28 13
24K10 24 13.1
30K8 30 13.2
30K9 30 13.4
22K11 26K10 28K10 30K10 24K12 30K11 26K12 28K12 30K12 22 13.8 26 13.8 28 14.3 30 15 24 16 30 16.4 26 16.6 28 17.1 30 17.6
22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 550 543 534 508 501 461 471 420 443 384 418 351 395 323 373 297 354 274 336 253 319 234 303 217 289 202 276 188 263 176 251 164 241 153 230 144 221 135 212 127 203 119 195 112 188 106 181 100 174 94 168 89 162 84 156 80 151 76 146 72 141 69
550 548 550 518 550 495 550 474 550 454 550 432 550 413 550 399 550 385 550 369 517 337 486 307 458 280 432 257 408 236 386 217 366 200 347 185 330 171 314 159 299 148 285 138 272 128
550 543 550 522 550 500 550 480 515 438 484 399 456 364 430 333 406 306 384 282 364 260 346 240 328 222 312 206 297 192 284 179 271 167 259 156 248 146 237 136 227 128 218 120 209 113 201 106 193 100 186 95 179 89 173 85 166 80
550 543 550 522 550 500 550 480 549 463 527 432 496 395 468 361 442 332 418 305 396 282 376 260 357 241 340 224 324 208 309 194 295 181 282 169 270 158 258 148 247 139 237 130 228 123 219 115 210 109 203 103 195 97 188 92 181 87
550 544 550 520 550 499 550 479 550 456 550 436 550 422 550 410 549 393 532 368 502 337 473 308 447 283 423 260 401 240 380 222 361 206 344 191 327 177 312 165 298 154 285 144 272 135 261 126 250 118
550 543 550 520 549 500 520 460 490 420 462 384 436 353 413 325 391 300 371 277 353 256 335 238 320 221 305 206 291 192 278 179 266 168 255 157 244 148 234 139 225 130 216 123 208 116 200 109 192 103 185 98 179 92 173 88 167 83 161 79 156 75
550 543 550 520 549 500 532 468 516 441 501 415 475 383 449 352 426 325 404 300 384 278 365 258 348 240 332 223 317 208 303 195 290 182 277 171 266 160 255 150 245 141 235 133 226 126 218 119 209 112 202 106 195 100 188 95 181 90 175 86 169 81
550 548 550 518 550 495 550 474 550 454 550 432 550 413 550 399 550 385 550 369 549 355 532 334 516 314 494 292 467 269 442 247 419 228 397 211 377 195 359 181 342 168 326 157 311 146
550 541 550 522 550 501 550 479 550 459 550 444 549 431 532 404 516 378 501 356 486 334 460 308 436 284 413 262 393 243 374 225 356 210 339 195 324 182 310 170 296 159 284 149 272 140 261 131 250 124 241 116 231 110
550 543 550 522 550 500 550 480 549 463 532 435 516 410 501 389 487 366 474 344 461 325 447 306 424 284 404 263 384 245 367 228 350 212 334 198 320 186 306 174 294 163 282 153 270 144 260 136 250 128 240 121 232 114 223 108 215 102
550 543 550 520 549 500 532 468 516 441 501 415 487 392 474 374 461 353 449 333 438 315 427 300 413 282 394 263 376 245 359 229 344 214 329 201 315 188 303 177 291 166 279 157 268 148 258 140 249 132 240 125 231 118 223 112 215 106 208 101 201 96
550 544 550 520 550 499 550 479 550 456 550 436 550 422 550 410 549 393 532 368 516 344 501 324 487 306 474 290 461 275 449 261 438 247 427 235 417 224 406 213 387 199 370 185 354 174 339 163 325 153
550 543 550 520 549 500 532 468 516 441 501 415 487 392 474 374 461 353 449 333 438 315 427 300 417 284 407 270 398 258 389 246 380 236 372 226 362 215 347 202 333 190 320 179 308 169 296 159 285 150 275 142 265 135 256 128 247 121 239 115 231 109
550 541 550 522 550 501 550 479 550 459 550 444 549 431 532 404 516 378 501 356 487 334 474 315 461 299 449 283 438 269 427 256 417 244 407 232 398 222 389 212 380 203 369 192 353 180 339 169 325 159 313 150 301 142
550 543 550 522 550 500 550 480 549 463 532 435 516 410 501 389 487 366 474 344 461 325 449 308 438 291 427 277 417 264 407 252 398 240 389 229 380 219 372 210 365 201 357 193 350 185 338 175 325 165 313 156 301 147 290 139 280 132
550 543 550 520 549 500 532 468 516 441 501 415 487 392 474 374 461 353 449 333 438 315 427 300 417 284 407 270 398 258 389 246 380 236 372 226 365 216 357 207 350 199 343 192 336 184 330 177 324 170 312 161 301 153 290 145 280 137 271 130 262 124
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LONGSPAN AND DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH- AND DLH-SERIES
INTRODUCTION
Parallel Chords, Underslung
Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists are relatively lightweight shop-fabricated steel trusses. Longspan Steel Joists are used for the direct support of floor or roof slabs or decks between walls, beams, and main structural members. Deep Longspan Steel Joists are used for the direct support of roof slabs or decks between walls, beams and main structural members. The LH- and DLH-Series have been designed for the purpose of extending the use of joists to spans in excess of those covered by Open Web Joists. Longspan Series Joists have been standardized in depths from 18" (457 mm) through 48" (1219 mm), for clear spans through 96 feet (29260 mm). Deep Longspan Series Joists have been standardized in depths from 52" (1321 mm) through 72" (1829 mm), for clear spans up through 144 feet (43891 mm).
Parallel Chords, Square Ends
Top Chord Pitched One Way, Underslung
Top Chord P itched One Way, Square Ends
Top Chord Pitched Two Ways, Underslung
STANDARD TYPES
Top Chord Pitched Two Ways, Square Ends
Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists can be furnished with either underslung or square ends, with parallel chords or with single or double pitched top chords to provide sufficient slope for roof drainage. Square end joists are primarily intended for bottom chord bearing. Sloped parallel-chord joists shall use span as defined by the length along the slope. The joist designation is determined by its nominal depth at the center of the span and by the chord size designation. The depth of the bearing seat at the ends of underslung LH- DLH- Longspan Joists has been established at 5" (127 mm) for chord sizes #2 through #17. A bearing seat depth of 7 inches (191 mm) has been established for the DLH-Series chord sizes #18 and #19. All Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists are fabricated with standardized camber as listed in paragraph 103.6.
The illustrations above indicate Longspan and Deep Longspan Steel Joists with modified WARREN type web systems. However, the web systems may be any type, whichever is standard with the manufacturer furnishing the product.
ACCESSORIES
CEILING EXTENSION LONGSPAN AND DEEP LONGSPAN JOISTS FOR ROOF CONSTRUCTION ON STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMNS
LONGSPAN JOISTS FOR FLOOR CONSTRUCTION ON STRUCTURAL STEEL
BOLTED CONNECTIONS
Where Longspan or Deep Longspan Joists are supported on structural steel members, the connection is generally field welded. The number, size and length of welds should be specified. Where bolted connections are specified, slotted holes are provided in the bearing seats for this purpose.
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FOR LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES AND DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, DLH-SERIES
ANSI Designation: SJI-LH/DLH-1.0 Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute February 15, 1978 Revised to May 1, 2000 Effective August 1, 2002
SECTION 100.
SECTION 102.
SCOPE
These specifications cover the design, manufacture and use of Longspan Steel Joists LH-Series, and Deep Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series.
MATERIALS
102.1 STEEL
The steel used in the manufacture of chord and web sections shall conform to one of the following ASTM Specifications: Carbon Structural Steel, ASTM A36/A36M. High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel, ASTM A242/A242M. High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Quality ASTM A529/A529M, Grade 50. High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Structural Steel, ASTM A572/A572M Grade 42, 45, and 50. High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi (345 MPa) Minimum Yield Point to 4 inches (102 mm) thick, ASTM A588/A588M. Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved Corrosion Resistance, ASTM A606. Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength LowAlloy with Improved Formability, ASTM A1008/A1008M. Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and HighStrength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, ASTM A1011/A1011M. or shall be of suitable quality ordered or produced to other than the listed specifications, provided that such material in the state used for final assembly and manufacture is weldable and is proved by tests performed by the producer or manufacturer to have the properties specified in Section 102.2.
SECTION 101.
DEFINITION
The term Longspan Steel Joists LH-Series and Deep Longspan Steel Joists DLH-Series, as used herein, refers to open web, load-carrying members utilizing hotrolled or cold-formed steel, including cold-formed steel whose yield strength* has been attained by cold working. LH-Series are suitable for the direct support of floors and roof decks in buildings, and DLH-Series are suitable for direct support of roof decks in buildings. The design of LH- and DLH-Series joist chord and web sections shall be based on a yield strength of at least 36 ksi (250 MPa), but not greater than 50 ksi (345 MPa). Steel used for LH- and DLH-Series joist chord or web sections shall have a minimum yield strength determined in accordance with one of the procedures specified in Section 102.2, which is equal to the yield strength assumed in the design. LH- and DLH-Series joist shall be designed in accordance with these specifications to support the loads given in the attached Standard Load Tables for LH- and DLH-Series joists.
* The term Yield Strength as used herein shall designate the yield level of a material as determined by the applicable method outlined in paragraph 13.1, Yield Point and in paragraph 13.2, Yield Strength, of ASTM Standard A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, or as specified in Section 102.2 of this Specification.

The yield strength used as a basis for the design stresses prescribed in Section 103 shall be at least 36 ksi (250 MPa), but shall not be greater than 50 ksi (345 MPa). Evidence that the steel furnished meets or exceeds the design yield strength shall, if requested, be provided in the form of an affidavit or by witnessed or certified test reports. For material used without consideration of increase in yield strength resulting from cold forming, the specimens shall be taken from as-rolled material. In the case of
Standard Specifications and Load Tables, Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series and Deep Longspan Steel Joist DLH-Series Steel Joist Institute Copyright, 2002
63
material, the mechanical properties which conform to the requirements of one of the listed specifications, test specimens and procedure shall conform to those of such specifications and to ASTM A370. In the case of material, the mechanical properties which do not conform to the requirements of one of the listed specifications, the test specimens and procedures shall conform to the applicable requirements of ASTM A370, and the specimens shall exhibit a yield strength equal to or exceeding the design yield strength and an elongation of not less than (a) 20 percent in 2 inches (51 mm) for sheet and strip, or (b) 18 percent in 8 inches (203 mm) for plates, shapes and bars with adjustments for thickness for plates, shapes and bars as prescribed in ASTM A36/A36M, A242/A242M, A529/A529M, A572/A572M, A588/A588M, whichever specification is applicable on the basis of design yield strength. The number of tests shall be as prescribed in ASTM A6/A6M for plates, shapes, and bars; and ASTM A570/A570M, A606, A607, and A611 for sheet and strip. If as-formed strength is utilized, the test reports shall show the results of tests performed on full section specimens in accordance with the provisions of the AISI Specifications for the Design of Cold formed Steel Structural Members and shall indicate compliance with these provisions and with the following additional requirements: (a) The yield strength measured in the tests shall equal or exceed the design yield strength. (b) Where tension tests are made for acceptance and control purposes, the tensile strength shall be at least 6 percent greater than the yield strength of the section. (c) Where compression tests are used for acceptance and control purposes, the specimen shall withstand a gross shortening of 2 percent of its original length without cracking. The length of the specimen shall be not greater than 20 times its least radius of gyration. (d) If any test specimen fails to pass the requirements of subparagraphs a, b, and c above, as applicable, two retests shall be made of specimens from the same lot. Failure of one of the retest specimens to meet such requirements shall be the cause for rejection of the lot represented by the specimens.
(250 MPa), and the other having a specified minimum yield strength greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa). AWS A5.1, E60XX AWS A5.17, FXX-EXXX flux electrode combination AWS A5.20, E60T-X or any of those listed in Section 102.3(a). Other welding methods, providing equivalent strength as demonstrated by tests, may be used.
102.4 PAINT
The standard shop paint is intended to protect the steel for only a short period of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions and shall be considered an impermanent and provisional coating. When specified, the standard shop paint shall conform to one of the following: (a) Steel Structures Painting Council Specification, SSPC No. 15 (b) Or, shall be a shop paint which meets the minimum performance requirements of the above listed specification.
SECTION 103.

103.1 METHOD
Joists shall be designed in accordance with these specifications as simply supported, uniformly loaded trusses supporting a floor or roof deck so constructed as to brace the top chord of the joists against lateral buckling. Where any applicable design feature is not specifically covered herein, the design shall be in accordance with the following specifications. (a) American Institute of Steel Construction Specification for Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings (Allowable Stress Design), where the material used consists of plates, shapes or bars. (b) American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, for members which are formed from sheet or strip material.
102.3 WELDING ELECTRODES

The following electrodes shall be used for arc welding: (a) For connected members both having a specified minimum yield strength greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa). AWS A5.1 or A5.5, E70XX AWS A5.17, F7XX -EXXX flux electrode combination AWS A5.18, E70S-X or E7OU-1 AWS A5.20, E7OT-X (b) For connected members both having a specified minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa) or one having a specified minimum yield strength of 36 ksi
103.2 UNIT STRESSES

Joists shall have their components so proportioned that the unit stresses in kips per square inch (Mega Pascals) shall not exceed the following, where Fy is the yield strength defined in Section 102.2: (a) Tension: All members.......................................Ft = 0.6Fy
64
(b) Compression For members with K /r less than Cc:

The slenderness ratios, 1.0 /r and 1.0 s/r of members as a whole or any component part shall not exceed the values given in Table 103.3.1, Parts A. The effective slenderness ratio, K /r*, to be used in calculating the allowable stresses Fa and F'e, is the largest value as determined from Table 103.3.1, Parts B and C. In compression members when fillers or ties are used, they shall be spaced so that the s/rz ratio of each component does not exceed the governing /r ratio of the member as a whole. The terms are defined as follows: = Length center-to-center of panel points, except = 36" (914 mm) for calculating /ry of top chord member.
* See AISC Specification Section C2.1 and P.N. Chod and T. V. Galambos, Compression Chords Without Fillers in Longspan Steel Joists, Research Report No. 36, June 1975 Structural Division, Civil Engineering Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO.
1Fa =
K r 2 2C c
QFy
3
5 3 K r 1 K r + 3 8 Cc 8 Cc 2 2E QFy
where Cc =
and
where Q is a form factor equal to unity except when the width-thickness ratio of one or more elements of the profile exceeds the limiting width-thickness ratios for noncompact sections specified in the AISC Specifications, Section B5 (Allowable Stress Design) for hot-rolled sections; where K is a length factor used to determine the effective slenderness ratio as shown in Table 103.3.1. For cold-formed sections, the method of calculating the allowable column design strength is given in the AISI Specification. For members with K /r greater than Cc:
Fa =
12
E
2
23 K r
In the above formulas, K /r taken as the appropriate effective slenderness ratio as determined from Section 103.3 and E is equal to 29,000 ksi (200,000 MPa). (c) Bending: For chords and web members other than solid rounds Fb = 0.6Fy For web members of solid round cross section Fb = 0.9Fy For bearing plates Fb = 0.75Fy (d) Weld Stresses: Shear at throat of fillet welds: Made with E70 series electrodes or F7XX-EXXX-X flux-electrode combinations. . . . . . . 21 ksi (145 MPa) Made with E60 series electrodes or F6XX-EXXX-X flux-electrode combinations . . . . . . 18 ksi (124 MPa) Tension or compression on groove or butt welds shall be the same as those specified for the connected material.
65
= maximum length center-to-center between panel point and filler (tie), or between adjacent fillers (ties). rx = member radius of gyration in the plane of the joist.
s
ry = member radius of gyration out of the plane of the joist. rz = least radius of gyration of a member component.
TABLE 103.3.1 MAXIMUM AND EFFECTIVE SLENDERNESS RATIOS

I TOP CHORD INTERIOR PANEL A. The slenderness ratios, 1.0 /r and 1.0
s/r,
of members as a whole or any component part shall not exceed 90.
B. The effective slenderness ratio to determine Fa 1. With fillers or ties 0.75 2. Without fillers or ties 3. Single component members 0.75 C. The effective slenderness ratio to determine F'e 1. With fillers or ties 0.75 2. Without fillers or ties 0.75 3. Single component members 0.75 II
/rx /rx /rx /rx /rx
1.0 /ry 0.75 /rz 1.0 /ry
1.0
s/rz
TOP CHORD END PANEL A. The slenderness ratios, 1.0 /r and 1.0 s/r, of members as a whole or any component part shall not exceed 120. B. The effective slenderness ratio to determine Fa 1.0 /ry 1.0 s/rz 1. With fillers or ties 1.0 /rx 2. Without fillers or ties 1.0 /rz 3. Single component members 1.0 /rx 1.0 /ry C. The effective slenderness ratio to determine F'e 1. With fillers or ties 1.0 /rx 2. Without fillers or ties 1.0 /rx 3. Single component members 1.0 /rx TENSION MEMBERS - CHORDS AND WEBS A. The slenderness ratios, 1.0 /r and 1.0 s/r, of members as a whole or any component part shall not exceed 240.
III
IV COMPRESSION WEB MEMBERS A. The slenderness ratios, 1.0 /r and 1.0 s/r, of members as a whole or any component part shall not exceed 200. B. The effective slenderness ratio to determine Fa 1.0 /ry 1.0 s/rz 1. With fillers or ties 0.75 /rx 2. Without fillers or ties 1.0 /rz 3. Single component members 0.75 /rx* 1.0 /ry
* Use 1.2 /rx for a crimped, first primary compression web member when a moment-resistant weld group is not used for this member.
66
103.4 MEMBERS
(a) Chords The bottom chord shall be designed as an axially loaded tension member. The top chord shall be designed as a continuous member subject to combined axial and bending stresses and shall be so proportioned that fa + fb 0.6 Fy at the panel point; and
fa + Fa
Cm fb
1fa
Fe
1.0, at mid-panel; in which QFb
Cm = 1 - 0.3fa/F'e for end panels Cm = 1 - 0.4fa/F'e for interior panels fa = Computed axial unit compressive stress fb = Computed bending unit compressive stress at the point under consideration Fa = Permissible axial unit compressive stress based on K /r. Fb = Permissible bending unit stress; 0.6Fy F'e =
(d) Eccentricity Members connected at a joint shall have their center of gravity lines meet at a point, if practical. Eccentricity on either side of the neutral axis of chord members may be neglected when it does not exceed the distance between the neutral axis and the back of the chord. Otherwise, provision shall be made for the stresses due to eccentricity. Ends of joists shall be proportioned to resist bending produced by eccentricity at the support. In those cases where a single angle compression member is attached to the outside of the stem of a tee or double angle chord, due consideration shall be given to eccentricity. (e) Extended Ends Extended top chords or full depth cantilever ends require the special attention of the specifying professional. The magnitude and location of the design loads to be supported, the deflection requirements, and the proper bracing shall be clearly indicated on the structural drawings.
103.5 CONNECTIONS
(a) Methods Joist connections and splices shall be made by attaching the members to one another by arc or resistance welding or other approved method. 1) Welded Connections a) Selected welds shall be inspected visually by the manufacturer. Prior to this inspection, weld slag shall be removed. b) Cracks are not acceptable and shall be repaired. c) Thorough fusion shall exist between layers of weld metal and between weld metal and base metal for the required design length of the weld; such fusion shall be verified by visual inspection. d) Unfilled weld craters shall not be included in the design length of the weld. e) Undercut shall not exceed 1/16 inch (2 mm) for welds oriented parallel to the principal stress. f) The sum of surface (piping) porosity diameters shall not exceed inch (2 mm) in any 1 inch (25 mm) of design weld length. g) Weld spatter that does not interfere with paint coverage is acceptable. 2) Welding Program Manufacturers shall have a program for establishing weld procedures and operator qualification, and for weld sampling and testing.
12 E 23 K rx
2
rx = Radius of gyration about the axis of bending Q = Form factor as defined in Section 103.2(b). The radius of gyration of the top chord about its vertical axis shall be not less than /170 where is the spacing in inches (millimeter) between lines of bridging as specified in Section 104.5(d). The top chord shall be considered as stayed laterally by the floor slab or roof deck provided the requirements of Section 104.9(e) of these specifications are met. (b) Web The vertical shears to be used in the design of the web members shall be determined from full uniform loading, but such vertical shears shall be not less than 25 percent of the end reaction. Interior vertical web members used in modified Warren type web systems shall be designed to resist the gravity loads supported by the member plus of 1.0 percent of the top chord axial force. (c) Depth Joists may have either parallel chords or a top chord slope of inch per foot (1:96). The depth, for the purpose of design, in all cases shall be the depth at mid-span.
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Weld Inspection by Outside Agencies (See Section 104.13 of these specifications). The agency shall arrange for visual inspection to determine that welds meet the acceptance standards of Section 103.5(a)(1) above. Ultrasonic, X-Ray, and magnetic particle testing are inappropriate for joists due to the configurations of the components and welds. (b) Strength Joint connections shall develop the maximum force due to any of the design loads, but not less than 50 percent of the allowable strength of the member in tension or compression, whichever force is the controlling factor in the selection of the member. (c) Shop Splices Shop splices may occur at any point in chord or web members. Splices shall be designed for the member force but not less than 50 percent of the allowable member strength. Members containing a butt weld splice shall develop an ultimate tensile force of at least 57 ksi (393 MPa) times the full design area of the chord or web. The term member shall be defined as all component parts comprising the chord or web, at the point of splice. (d) Field Splices Field Splices shall be designed by the manufacturer and may be either bolted or welded. Splices shall be designed for the member force, but not less than 50 percent of the allowable member strength.
3)
103.7 VERIFICATION OF DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

(a) Design Calculations Companies manufacturing any LH- or DLH-Series Joists shall submit design data to the Steel Joist Institute (or an independent agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute) for verification of compliance with the SJI Specifications. (d) In-Plant Inspections Each manufacturer shall verify his ability to manufacture LH- and DLH-Series Joists through periodic In-Plant Inspections. Inspections shall be performed by an independent agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute. The frequency, manner of inspection, and manner of reporting shall be determined by the Steel Joist Institute. The plant inspections are not a guaranty of the quality of any specific joists; this responsibility lies fully and solely with the individual manufacturer.
SECTION 104.
APPLICATION
104.1 USAGE
These specifications shall apply to any type of structure where floors and roofs are to be supported directly by steel joists installed as hereinafter specified. Where joists are used other than on simple spans under uniformly distributed loading as prescribed in Section 103.1, they shall be investigated and modified if necessary to limit the unit stresses to those listed in Section 103.2. CAUTION: If a rigid connection of the bottom chord is to be made to the column or other support, it shall be made only after the application of the dead loads. The joist is then no longer simply supported, and the system must be investigated for continuous frame action by the specifying professional. The designed detail of a rigid type connection and moment plates shall be shown on the structural drawings by the specifying professional. The moment plates shall be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer.
103.6 CAMBER
Joists shall have approximate cambers in accordance with the following: Approximate Camber Top Chord Length 20'-0" (6096 mm) " (6 mm) 30'-0" (9144 mm) " (10 mm) 40'-0" (12192 mm) " (16 mm) 50'-0" (15240 mm) 1" (25 mm) 60'-0" (18288 mm) 1" (38 mm) 70'-0" (21336 mm) 2" (51 mm) 80'-0" (24384 mm) 2" (70 mm) 90'-0" (27432 mm) 3" (89 mm) 100'-0" (30480 mm) 4" (108 mm) 110'-0" (33528 mm) 5" (127 mm) 120'-0" (36576 mm) 6" (152 mm) 130-0" (39621 mm) 7" (178 mm) 140'-0" (42672 mm) 8" (203 mm) 144'-0" (43890 mm) 8" (216 mm) The specifying professional shall give due consideration to coordinating joist camber with adjacent framing.
104.2 SPAN
The clear span of a joist shall not exceed 24 times its depth. The term Span as used herein is defined as the clear span plus 8 inches (203 mm).
104.3 DEPTH
The nominal depth of pitched chord joists shall be the depth at mid-span. The standard slope of the top chord shall be inch per foot (1:96).
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104.4 END SUPPORTS

(a) Masonry and Concrete LH- and DLH-Series joists supported by masonry or concrete are to bear on steel bearing plates and shall be designed as steel bearing. Due consideration of the end reactions and all other vertical and lateral forces shall be taken by the specifying professional in the design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or concrete. The ends of LH- and DLH-Series joists shall extend a distance of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) over the masonry or concrete support and be anchored to the steel bearing plate. The plate shall be located not more than inch (13 mm) from the face of the wall and shall be not less 9 inches (229 mm) wide perpendicular to the length of the joist. It is to be designed by the specifying professional in compliance with the allowable unit stresses in Section A5.1 (Allowable Stress Design) of the A.I.S.C. Specification. The steel bearing plate shall be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer. Where it is deemed necessary to bear less than 6 inches (152 mm) over the masonry or concrete support, special consideration is to be given to the design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or concrete by the specifying professional. The joists must bear a minimum 4 inches (102 mm) on the steel bearing plate. (b) Steel Due consideration of the end reactions and all other vertical and lateral forces shall be taken by the specifying professional in the design of the steel support. The ends of LH or DLH-Series joists shall extend a distance of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) over the steel supports. Where it is deemed necessary to butt opposite joists over a narrow steel support with bearing less than that noted above, special ends must be specified, and such ends shall have positive attachment to the support, either by bolting or welding.
distance in inches (millimeters) between connections at the point of intersection of the bracing members and the connections to the chord of the joists. (c) Bridging Lines For spans up through 60 feet (18288 mm), welded horizontal bridging may be used except where the row of bridging nearest the center is required to be bolted diagonal bridging as indicated by the red shaded area in the load table. For spans over 60 feet (18288 mm) bolted diagonal bridging shall be used as indicated by the blue and gray shaded areas of the load table. (d) Spacing The maximum spacing of lines of bridging shall not exceed the values in Table 104.5.1. See Section 104.12 for bridging required for uplift forces.
Table 104.5.1 LH-DLH *SECTION NUMBER MAX. SPACING OF LINES OF BRIDGING HORIZONTAL BRACING FORCE lbs. 02,03,04 05,06 07,08 09,10 11,12 13,14 15,16 17 18,19 11'-0" 12'-0" 13'-0" 14'-0" 16'-0" 16'-0" 21'-0" 21'-0" 26'-0" (3352 mm) (3657 mm) (3962 mm) (4267 mm) (4876 mm) (4876 mm) (6400 mm) (6400 mm) (7924 mm) 400 500 650 800 1000 1200 1600 1800 2000 (N) (1779) (2224) (2891) (3558) (4448) (5337) (7117) (8006) (8896)
Number of lines of bridging is based on joist clear span dimensions. *Last two digits of joist designation shown in load table.
104.5 BRIDGING
(a) Horizontal Horizontal bridging lines shall consist of two continuous horizontal steel members, one attached to the top chord and the other attached to the bottom chord. The /r of the bridging member shall not exceed 300, where is the distance in inches (millimeters) between attachments and r is the least radius of gyration of the bridging member. (b) Diagonal Diagonal bridging shall consist of cross-bracing with l /r ratio of not more than 200, where is the distance in inches (millimeters) between connections and r is the least radius of gyration of the bracing member. Where cross-bracing members are connected at their point of intersection, the distance shall be taken as the
(e) Connections Connections to the chords of the steel joists shall be made by positive mechanical means or by welding, and capable of resisting a horizontal force not less than that specified in Table 104.5.1. (f) Bottom Chord Bearing Joists Where bottom chord bearing joists are utilized, there shall be a row of diagonal bridging near the support to provide lateral stability. This bridging shall be installed as the joists are set in place.
104.6 INSTALLATION OF BRIDGING

All bridging and bridging anchors shall be completely installed before construction loads are placed on the joists. Bridging shall support the top and bottom chords against lateral movement during the construction period and shall hold the steel joists in the approximate position as shown on the plans.
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The ends of all bridging lines terminating at walls or beams shall be anchored to resist the force shown in Table 104.5.1.
104.7 END ANCHORAGE

(a) Masonry and Concrete Ends of LH- and DLH-Series joists resting on steel bearing plates on masonry or structural concrete shall be attached with a minimum of two inch (6 mm) fillet welds 2 inches (51 mm) long, or with two inch (19 mm) bolts or the equivalent. (b) Steel Ends of LH and DLH-Series joists resting on steel supports shall be attached with a minimum of two inch (6 mm) fillet welds 2 inches (51 mm) or with two inch (19 mm) bolts or the equivalent. In steel frames, where columns are not framed in at least two directions with structural steel members, bearing seats for joists at column lines shall be fabricated to allow for field bolting. (c) Uplift Where uplift forces are a design consideration, roof joists shall be anchored to resist such forces.
(e) Attachments The spacing of attachments along the top chord shall not exceed 36 inches (914 mm). Such attachments of the slab or deck to the top chords of joists shall be capable of resisting the following forces:
TABLE 104.9.1
*Section Number 02 to 04 incl. 05 to 09 incl. 10 to 17 incl. 18 and 19 Equivalent Force Required 120 lbs./ft. (1.75 kN/m) 150 lbs./ft. (2.19 kN/m) 200 lbs./ft. (2.92 kN/m) 250 lbs./ft. (3.65 kN/m)
* Last two digits of joist designation shown in Load Table.
104.8 JOIST SPACING

Joists shall be spaced so that the loading on each joist does not exceed the allowable load given for the particular designation and clear span in the Load Table.
104.9 FLOOR AND ROOF DECKS

(a) Material Floor and roof decks may consist of cast-in-place or pre-cast concrete or gypsum, formed steel, wood, or other suitable material capable of supporting the required load at the specified joist spacing. (b) Thickness Cast-in-place slabs shall be not less than 2 inches (51 mm) thick. (c) Centering Centering for structural slabs may be ribbed metal lath, corrugated steel sheets, paper-backed welded wire fabric, removable centering or any other suitable material capable of supporting the slab at the designated joist spacing. Centering shall not cause lateral displacement or damage to the top chord of joists during installation or removal of the centering or placing of the concrete. (d) Bearing Slabs or decks shall bear uniformly along the top chords of the joists.
(f) Wood Nailers Where wood nailers are used, such nailers in conjunction with deck or slab shall be firmly attached to the top chords of the joists in conformance with Section 104.9(e). (g) Joist With Standing Seam Roofing The stiffness and strength of standing-seam roof clips varies from one manufacturer to another. Therefore, some roof systems cannot be counted on to provide lateral stability to the joists which support the roof. Sufficient stability must be provided to brace the joists laterally under the full design load. The compression chord must resist the chord axial design force in the plane of the joist (i.e., x-x axis buckling) and out of the plane of the joist (i.e., y-y axis buckling). Out of plane strength may be achieved by adjusting the bridging spacing and/or increasing the compression chord area, the joist depth, and the y-axis radius of gyration. The effective slenderness ratio in the y-direction equals 0.94 L/ry; where L is the bridging spacing. The maximum bridging spacing may not exceed that specified in Section 104.5d. Horizontal bridging members attached to the compression chords and their anchorages must be designed for a compressive axial force of 0.0025nP, where n is the number of joists between end anchors and P is the chord design force. The attachment force between the horizontal bridging member and the compression chord is 0.005P. Horizontal bridging attached to the tension chords shall be proportioned so that the slenderness ratio between attachments does not exceed 300. Diagonal bridging shall be proportioned so that the slenderness ratio between attachments does not exceed 200.
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104.10 DEFLECTION
The deflection due to the design live load shall not exceed the following: Floors: of span. Roofs: of span where a plaster ceiling is attached or suspended. of span for all other cases. The specifying professional shall give due consideration to the effects of deflection and vibration* in the selection of joists.
104.14 PARALLEL CHORD SLOPED JOISTS

The span of a parallel chord sloped joist shall be defined by the length along the slope. Minimum depth, loadcarrying capacity, and bridging requirements shall be determined by the sloped definition of span. The Standard Load Table capacity shall be the component normal to the joist.
SECTION 105.*
ERECTION STABILITY AND HANDLING

When it is necessary for the erector to climb on the joists, extreme caution must be exercised since unbridged joists may exhibit some degree of instability under the erectors weight. During the construction period, the contractor shall provide means for adequate distribution of concentrated loads so that the carrying capacity of any joist is not exceeded. A) Stability Requirements 1) Where the joist span does not exceed the erection stability span (as indicated by the shaded areas of the load table) one end of all joists shall be attached to its support in accordance with Section 104.7 End Anchorage, or the joist shall be stabilized by the hoisting cable(s) before allowing the weight of an erector on the joists. When a bolted seat connection is used for erection purposes, as a minimum, the bolts must be snug tightened. The snug tight condition is defined as the tightness that exists when all plies of a joint are in firm contact. This may be attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench or the full effort of an employee using an ordinary spud wrench. 2) A maximum weight of two erectors shall be allowed on any unbridged joist if: 1) the joist is stabilized by the hoisting cable(s), or 2) one end of the joist is attached to its support in the manner prescribed in Section 104.7 - End Anchorage and the bolted diagonal bridging required for erection stability is completely installed. Where the span of the joist exceeds the erection stability span as indicated by the shaded area of the load table, hoisting cables shall not be released until the following conditions are met: a) One line of bolted diagonal bridging is completely installed near the mid span for joist spans included in the red shaded area of the load table.
104.11 PONDING
Unless a roof surface is provided with sufficient slope towards points of free drainage or adequate individual drains to prevent the accumulation of rain water, the roof system shall be investigated to assure stability under ponding conditions in accordance with Section K2 (Allowable Stress Design) of the AISC Specification.* The ponding investigation shall be performed by the specifying professional.
104.12 UPLIFT
Where uplift forces due to wind are a design requirement, these forces must be indicated on the contract drawings in terms of net uplift in pounds per square foot (Pascals). When these forces are specified, they must be considered in the design of joists and/or bridging. A single line of bottom chord bridging must be provided near the first bottom chord panel points whenever uplift due to wind forces is a design consideration.*
104.13 INSPECTION
Joists shall be inspected by the manufacturer before shipment to insure compliance of materials and workmanship with the requirements of these specifications. If the purchaser wishes an inspection of the steel joists by someone other than the manufacturers own inspectors, he may reserve the right to do so in his Invitation to Bid or the accompanying Job Specifications. Arrangements shall be made with the manufacturer for such shop inspection of the joists at the manufacturing shop by the purchasers inspectors at purchasers expense.
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Two lines of bolted diagonal bridging nearest the third points of the span are completely installed for spans of over 60 feet (18288 mm) through 100 feet (30480 mm) as indicated by the blue shaded area in the LH and DLH Series Joist Load Tables. c) All lines of bolted diagonal bridging are completely installed for spans over 100 feet (30480 mm) as indicated by the gray shaded area in the DLH Load Table. 3) No loads other than the weight of the erector are allowed on the joist until all bridging is completely installed and all joist ends are attached. 4) In the case of bottom chord bearing joists, the ends of the joist must be restrained laterally per Section 104.5(f) before releasing the hoisting cables. 5) After the joist is straightened and plumbed, and all bridging is completely installed and anchored, the ends of the joists shall be fully connected to the supports in accordance with Section 104.7- End Anchorage. B) Field Welding 1) All field welding shall be performed in a workman-like manner to insure that the joists are not damaged by such welding. 2) On cold-formed members whose yield strength has been attained by cold working, and whose as-formed strength is used in the design, the total length of weld at any one point shall not exceed 50 percent of the overall developed width of the cold-formed section. C) Handling Particular attention should be paid to the erection of Longspan and Deep Longspan steel joists. Care shall be exercised at all times to avoid damage to the joists and accessories through careless handling during unloading, storing and erecting. Each joist shall be adequately braced laterally before any loads are applied. If lateral support is provided by bridging, the bridging lines as defined in Section 105(A)(2)(a), (b) or (c) must be anchored to prevent lateral movement.
* For thorough coverage of this topic, refer to SJI Technical Digest #9, Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and Joist Girders.
b)
72
STANDARD LOAD TABLE

LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES
Based on a Maximum Allowable Tensile Stress of 30 ksi Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute May 25, 1983; Revised to May 1, 2000 Effective August 1, 2002
The black figures in the following table give the TOTAL safe uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in pounds per linear foot, of LH-Series joists. The weight of DEAD loads, including the joists, must in all cases be deducted to determine the LIVE load-carrying capacities of the joists. The approximate DEAD load of the joists may be determined from the weights per linear foot shown in the tables. The RED figures in this load table are the LIVE loads per linear foot of joist which will produce an approximate deflection of of the span. LIVE loads which will produce a deflection of of the span may be obtained by multiplying the RED figures by 1.5. In no case shall the TOTAL load capacity of the joists be exceeded. This load table applies to joists with either parallel chords or standard pitched top chords. When top chords are pitched, the carrying capacities are determined by the nominal depth of the joists at the center of the span. Standard top chord pitch is inch per foot. If pitch exceeds this standard, the load table does not apply. Sloped parallel-chord joists shall use span as defined by the length along the slope.
Approx. Wt Depth SAFE LOAD* Joist in Lbs. in Lbs. Per in Designation Linear Ft inches Between (Joists only) 25 21-24 12000 18LH02 10 18 468 313 13300 18LH03 11 18 521 348 15500 18LH04 12 18 604 403 17500 18LH05 15 18 684 454 20700 18LH06 15 18 809 526 21500 18LH07 17 18 840 553 22400 18LH08 19 18 876 577 24000 18LH09 21 18 936 616 22-24 25 11300 20LH02 10 20 442 306 12000 20LH03 11 20 469 337 14700 20LH04 12 20 574 428 15800 20LH05 14 20 616 459 21100 20LH06 15 20 822 606 22500 20LH07 17 20 878 647 23200 20LH08 19 20 908 669 25400 20LH09 21 20 990 729 27400 20LH10 23 20 1068 786
Where the joist span is in the RED SHADED area of the load table, the row of bridging nearest the midspan shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at chords and intersection. Hoisting cables shall not be released until this row of bolted diagonal bridging is completely installed. Where the joist span is in the BLUE SHADED area of the load table, all rows of bridging shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at chords and intersection. Hoisting cables shall not be released until the two rows of bridging nearest the third points are completely installed. The approximate moment of inertia of the joist, in inches4 is; I j = 26.767(WLL)(L3)(10-6), where WLL = RED figure in the Load Table, and L = (clear span + .67) in feet. When holes are required in top or bottom chords, the carrying capacities must be reduced in proportion to the reduction of chord areas. The top chords are considered as being stayed laterally by floor slab or roof deck. The approximate joist weights per linear foot shown in these tables do not include accessories.
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET 26 442 284 493 317 571 367 648 414 749 469 809 513 843 534 901 571 26 437 303 463 333 566 406 609 437 791 561 845 599 873 619 953 675 1028 724 27 418 259 467 289 535 329 614 378 696 419 780 476 812 496 868 527 27 431 298 458 317 558 386 602 416 763 521 814 556 842 575 918 626 991 673 28 391 234 438 262 500 296 581 345 648 377 726 428 784 462 838 491 28 410 274 452 302 528 352 595 395 723 477 786 518 813 536 886 581 956 626 29 367 212 409 236 469 266 543 311 605 340 678 386 758 427 810 458 29 388 250 434 280 496 320 571 366 679 427 760 484 785 500 856 542 924 585 30 345 193 382 213 440 242 508 282 566 307 635 349 717 387 783 418 30 365 228 414 258 467 291 544 337 635 386 711 438 760 468 828 507 894 545 31 324 175 359 194 413 219 476 256 531 280 595 317 680 351 759 380 31 344 208 395 238 440 265 513 308 596 351 667 398 722 428 802 475 865 510 32 306 160 337 177 388 200 448 233 499 254 559 288 641 320 713 346 32 325 190 372 218 416 243 484 281 560 320 627 362 687 395 778 437 839 479 33 289 147 317 161 365 182 421 212 470 232 526 264 604 292 671 316 33 307 174 352 200 393 223 458 258 527 292 590 331 654 365 755 399 814 448 34 273 135 299 148 344 167 397 195 443 212 496 241 571 267 633 289 34 291 160 333 184 372 205 434 238 497 267 556 303 621 336 712 366 791 411 35 259 124 283 136 325 153 375 179 418 195 469 222 540 246 598 266 35 275 147 316 169 353 189 411 219 469 246 526 278 588 309 673 336 748 377 36 245 114 267 124 308 141 355 164 396 180 444 204 512 226 566 245 36 262 136 299 156 335 174 390 202 444 226 497 256 558 285 636 309 707 346
37 249 126 283 143 318 161 371 187 421 209 471 236 530 262 603 285 670 320
38 237 117 269 133 303 149 353 173 399 192 447 218 503 242 572 264 636 296
39 225 108 255 123 289 139 336 161 379 178 425 202 479 225 544 244 604 274
40 215 101 243 114 275 129 321 150 361 165 404 187 457 209 517 227 575 254
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STANDARD LOAD TABLE/LONG SPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES Based on a Maximum Allowable Tensile Stress of 30 ksi
Approx. Wt Depth in Lbs. Per in Linear Ft. inches (Joists only) SAFELOAD* in Lbs. Between
Joist Designation
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET
24LH03 24LH04 24LH05 24LH06 24LH07 24LH08 24LH09 24LH10 24LH11 28LH05 28LH06 28LH07 28LH08 28LH09 28LH10 28LH11 28LH12 28LH13 32LH06 32LH07 32LH08 32LH09 32LH10 32LH11 32LH12 32LH13 32LH14 32LH15 36LH07 36LH08 36LH09 36LH10 36LH11 36LH12 36LH13 36LH14 36LH15
11 12 13 16 17 18 21 23 25 13 16 17 18 21 23 25 27 30 14 16 17 21 21 24 27 30 33 35 16 18 21 21 23 25 30 36 36
24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36
28-32 11500 14100 15100 20300 22300 23800 28000 29600 31200 33-39 40 14000 14000 18600 18600 21000 21000 22500 22500 27700 27700 30300 30300 32500 32500 35700 35700 37200 37200 38-46 47-48 16700 16700 18800 18800 20400 20400 25600 25600 28300 28300 31000 31000 36400 36400 40600 40600 41800 41800 43200 43200 42-46 47-56 16800 16800 18500 18500 23700 23700 26100 26100 28500 28500 34100 34100 40100 40100 44200 44200 46600 46600
33 342 235 419 288 449 308 604 411 665 452 707 480 832 562 882 596 927 624 41 337 219 448 289 505 326 540 348 667 428 729 466 780 498 857 545 895 569 49 338 211 379 235 411 255 516 319 571 352 625 385 734 450 817 500 843 515 870 532 57 292 177 321 194 411 247 454 273 495 297 593 354 697 415 768 456 809 480
34 339 226 398 265 446 297 579 382 638 421 677 447 808 530 856 559 900 588 42 323 205 429 270 484 305 517 325 639 400 704 439 762 475 837 520 874 543 50 326 199 366 223 397 242 498 302 550 332 602 363 712 428 801 480 826 495 853 511 58 283 168 311 185 398 235 440 260 480 283 575 338 675 395 755 434 795 464
35 336 218 379 246 440 285 555 356 613 393 649 416 785 501 832 528 875 555 43 310 192 412 253 464 285 496 305 612 375 679 414 736 448 818 496 854 518 51 315 189 353 211 383 229 480 285 531 315 580 343 688 406 785 461 810 476 837 492 59 274 160 302 176 386 224 426 248 465 269 557 322 654 376 729 412 781 448
36 323 204 360 227 419 264 530 331 588 367 622 388 764 460 809 500 851 525 44 297 180 395 238 445 267 475 285 586 351 651 388 711 423 800 476 835 495 52 304 179 341 200 369 216 463 270 512 297 560 325 664 384 771 444 795 458 821 473 60 266 153 293 168 374 214 413 236 451 257 540 307 634 359 706 392 769 434
37 307 188 343 210 399 244 504 306 565 343 597 362 731 424 788 474 829 498 45 286 169 379 223 427 251 456 268 563 329 625 364 682 397 782 454 816 472 53 294 169 329 189 357 205 447 256 495 282 541 308 641 364 742 420 780 440 805 454 61 258 146 284 160 363 204 401 225 438 246 523 292 615 342 683 373 744 413
38 293 175 327 195 380 226 480 284 541 320 572 338 696 393 768 439 807 472 46 275 159 364 209 410 236 438 252 540 309 600 342 655 373 766 435 799 452 54 284 161 318 179 345 194 432 243 478 267 522 292 619 345 715 397 766 417 791 438 62 251 140 276 153 352 195 389 215 425 234 508 279 596 327 661 356 721 394
39 279 162 312 182 363 210 457 263 516 297 545 314 663 363 737 406 787 449 47 265 150 350 197 394 222 420 236 519 291 576 322 629 351 737 408 782 433 55 275 153 308 170 333 184 418 230 462 254 505 277 598 327 690 376 738 395 776 422 63 244 134 268 146 342 186 378 206 412 224 493 267 579 312 641 339 698 375
40 267 152 298 169 347 196 437 245 491 276 520 292 632 337 702 378 768 418 48 255 142 337 186 379 209 403 222 499 274 554 303 605 331 709 383 766 415 56 266 145 298 162 322 175 404 219 445 240 488 263 578 311 666 354 713 374 763 407 64 237 128 260 140 333 179 367 197 401 214 478 255 562 298 621 323 677 358
41 255 141 285 158 331 182 417 228 468 257 497 272 602 313 668 351 734 388 49 245 133 324 175 365 197 387 209 481 258 533 285 582 312 682 361 751 396 57 257 138 288 154 312 167 391 208 430 228 473 251 559 295 643 336 688 355 750 393 65 230 122 253 134 323 171 357 188 389 205 464 243 546 285 602 309 656 342
42 244 132 273 148 317 171 399 211 446 239 475 254 574 292 637 326 701 361 50 237 126 313 166 352 186 371 196 463 243 513 269 561 294 656 340 722 373 58 249 131 279 146 302 159 379 198 416 217 458 239 541 281 621 319 665 337 725 374 66 224 117 246 128 314 163 347 180 378 196 450 232 531 273 584 295 637 327
43 234 124 262 138 304 160 381 197 426 223 455 238 548 272 608 304 671 337 51 228 119 301 156 339 176 357 185 446 228 495 255 540 278 632 321 694 352 59 242 125 271 140 293 151 367 189 402 206 443 227 524 267 600 304 643 321 701 355 67 218 112 239 123 306 157 338 173 368 188 437 222 516 262 567 283 618 312
44 224 116 251 130 291 150 364 184 407 208 435 222 524 254 582 285 642 315 52 220 113 291 148 327 166 344 175 430 216 477 241 521 263 609 303 668 332 60 234 119 262 133 284 144 356 180 389 196 429 216 508 255 581 288 622 304 678 338 68 212 107 233 118 297 150 328 165 358 180 424 213 502 251 551 270 600 299
45 215 109 241 122 280 141 348 172 389 195 417 208 501 238 556 266 616 294 53 213 107 281 140 316 158 331 165 415 204 460 228 502 249 587 285 643 314 61 227 114 254 127 275 137 345 172 376 186 416 206 492 243 562 275 602 290 656 322 69 207 103 227 113 289 144 320 159 348 173 412 204 488 240 535 259 583 286
46 207 102 231 114 269 132 334 161 373 182 400 196 480 223 533 249 590 276 54 206 102 271 133 305 150 319 156 401 193 444 215 485 236 566 270 620 297 62 220 108 247 121 267 131 335 164 364 178 403 196 477 232 544 262 583 276 635 306 70 201 99 221 109 282 138 311 152 339 166 400 195 475 231 520 247 567 274
47 199 96 222 107 258 124 320 152 357 171 384 184 460 209 511 234 567 259 55 199 97 262 126 295 142 308 148 387 183 429 204 468 223 546 256 598 281 63 214 104 240 116 259 125 325 157 353 169 390 187 463 221 527 249 564 264 616 292 71 196 95 215 104 275 133 303 146 330 159 389 187 463 222 505 237 551 263
48 191 90 214 101 248 117 307 142 343 161 369 173 441 196 490 220 544 243 56 193 92 253 120 285 135 297 140 374 173 415 193 453 212 527 243 577 266 64 208 99 233 111 252 120 315 149 342 162 378 179 449 211 511 238 547 251 597 279 72 191 91 209 100 267 127 295 140 322 153 378 179 451 213 492 228 536 252
74
STANDARD LOAD TABLE/LONG SPAN STEEL JOISTS, LH-SERIES Based on a Maximum Allowable Tensile Stress of 30 ksi
Joist Designation
Approx. Wt Depth in Lbs. Per in Linear Ft. inches (Joists Only)
SAFELOAD* in Lbs. Between
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET
40LH08 40LH09 40LH10 40LH11 40LH12 40LH13 40LH14 40LH15 40LH16
16 21 21 22 25 30 35 36 42
40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
47-59 60-64 16600 16600 21800 21800 24000 24000 26200 26200 31900 31900 37600 37600 43000 43000 48100 48100 53000 53000 52-59 60-72 20000 20000 22100 22100 23900 23900 29600 29600 35100 35100 40400 40400 47000 47000 54200 54200 58200 58200 56-59 60-80 20000 20000 21700 21700 27400 27400 32800 32800 38700 38700 44500 44500 51300 51300 57600 57600
44LH09 44LH10 44LH11 44LH12 44LH13 44LH14 44LH15 44LH16 44LH17
19 21 22 25 30 31 36 42 47
44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44
48LH10 48LH11 48LH12 48LH13 48LH14 48LH15 48LH16 48LH17
21 22 25 29 32 36 42 47
48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48
65 254 150 332 196 367 216 399 234 486 285 573 334 656 383 734 427 808 469 73 272 158 300 174 325 188 402 232 477 275 549 315 639 366 737 421 790 450 81 246 141 266 152 336 191 402 228 475 269 545 308 629 355 706 397
66 247 144 323 188 357 207 388 224 472 273 557 320 638 367 712 408 796 455 74 265 152 293 168 317 181 393 224 466 265 534 302 623 352 719 405 780 438 82 241 136 260 147 329 185 393 221 464 260 533 298 615 343 690 383
67 241 138 315 180 347 198 378 215 459 261 542 307 620 351 691 390 784 441 75 259 146 286 162 310 175 383 215 454 254 520 291 608 339 701 390 769 426 83 236 132 255 142 322 179 384 213 454 251 521 287 601 331 675 371
68 234 132 306 173 338 190 368 207 447 251 528 295 603 336 671 373 772 428 76 253 141 279 155 302 168 374 207 444 246 506 279 593 326 684 375 759 415 84 231 127 249 137 315 173 376 206 444 243 510 278 588 320 660 358
69 228 127 298 166 329 183 358 198 435 241 514 283 587 323 652 357 761 416 77 247 136 272 150 295 162 365 200 433 236 493 268 579 314 668 362 750 405 85 226 123 244 133 308 167 368 199 434 234 499 269 576 310 646 346
70 222 122 291 160 321 176 349 190 424 231 500 271 571 309 633 342 751 404 78 242 131 266 144 289 157 356 192 423 228 481 259 565 303 652 348 732 390 86 221 119 239 129 301 161 360 193 425 227 488 260 563 299 632 335
71 217 117 283 153 313 169 340 183 413 222 487 260 556 297 616 328 730 387 79 236 127 260 139 282 151 347 185 413 220 469 249 551 292 637 336 715 376 87 217 116 234 125 295 156 353 187 416 220 478 252 551 289 619 324
72 211 112 276 147 305 162 332 176 402 213 475 250 542 285 599 315 710 371 80 231 122 254 134 276 146 339 179 404 212 457 240 537 281 622 324 699 363 88 212 112 229 120 289 151 345 180 407 212 468 244 540 280 606 314
73 206 108 269 141 297 156 323 169 392 205 463 241 528 273 583 302 691 356 81 226 118 249 130 269 140 331 172 395 205 446 231 524 271 608 313 683 351 89 208 108 225 117 283 147 338 175 399 206 458 236 528 271 593 304
74 201 104 263 136 290 150 315 163 382 197 451 231 515 263 567 290 673 342 82 221 114 243 125 264 136 323 166 386 198 436 223 512 261 594 302 667 338 90 204 105 220 113 277 142 332 170 390 199 448 228 518 263 581 294
75 196 100 256 131 283 144 308 157 373 189 440 223 502 252 552 279 655 329 83 216 110 238 121 258 131 315 160 377 191 425 215 500 252 580 291 652 327 91 200 102 216 110 272 138 325 164 383 193 439 221 507 255 569 285
76 192 97 250 126 276 139 300 151 364 182 429 214 490 243 538 268 638 316 84 211 106 233 117 252 127 308 155 369 185 415 207 488 243 568 282 638 316 92 196 99 212 106 266 133 318 159 375 187 430 214 497 247 558 276
77 187 93 244 122 269 134 293 145 355 176 419 207 478 233 524 258 622 304 85 207 103 228 113 247 123 300 149 361 179 406 200 476 234 555 272 624 305 93 192 96 208 103 261 129 312 154 367 181 422 208 487 239 547 268
78 183 90 239 118 262 129 286 140 346 169 409 199 466 225 511 248 606 292 86 202 99 223 110 242 119 293 144 353 173 396 193 466 227 543 263 610 295 94 188 93 204 100 256 126 306 150 360 176 413 201 477 232 536 260
79 178 86 233 113 255 124 279 135 338 163 399 192 455 216 498 239 591 282 87 198 96 218 106 236 115 287 139 346 167 387 187 455 219 531 255 597 285 95 185 90 200 97 251 122 300 145 353 171 405 195 468 225 525 252
80 174 83 228 109 249 119 273 130 330 157 390 185 444 209 486 230 576 271 88 194 93 214 103 232 111 280 134 338 161 379 181 445 211 520 246 584 276 96 181 87 196 94 246 118 294 141 346 165 397 189 459 218 515 245
* The safe uniform load for the clear spans shown in the Safe Load Column is equal to (Safe Load)/(Clear span + 0.67). (The added 0.67 feet (8 inches) is required to obtain the proper length on which the Load Tables were developed). * In no case shall the safe uniform load, for clear spans less than the minimum clear span shown in the Safe Load Column, exceed the uniform load calculated for the minimum clear span listed in the Safe Load Column.
*To solve for live loads for clear spans shown in the Safe Load Column (or lesser clear spans), multiply the live load of the shortest clear span shown in the Load Table by the (the shortest clear span shown in the Load Table + 0.67 feet)2 and divide by (the actual clear span + 0.67 feet)2. The live load shall not exceed the safe uniform load.
75
STANDARD LOAD TABLE

Based on a Maximum Allowable Tensile Stress of 30 ksi Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute May 25, 1983; Revised to May 1, 2000 Effective August 1, 2002
The black figures in the following table give the TOTAL safe uniformly distributed load-carrying capacities, in pounds per linear foot, of DLH-Series joists. The weight of DEAD loads, including the joists, must in all cases be deducted to determine the LIVE load-carrying capacities of the joists. The approximate DEAD load of the joists may be determined from the weights per linear foot shown in the tables. All loads shown are for roof construction only. The RED figures in this load table are the LIVE loads per linear foot of joist which will produce an approximate deflection of of the span. LIVE loads which will produce a deflection of of the span may be obtained by multiplying the RED figures by 1.5. In no case shall the TOTAL load capacity of the joists be exceeded. This load table applies to joists with either parallel chords or standard pitched top chords. When top chords are pitched, the carrying capacities are determined by the nominal depth of the joists at the center of the span. Standard top chord pitch is inch per foot. If pitch exceeds this standard, the load table does not apply. Sloped parallel-chord joists shall use span as defined by the length along the slope.
Joist Designation
DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, DLH-SERIES
All rows of bridging shall be diagonal bridging with bolted connections at the chords and intersections. Where the joist span is in the BLUE SHADED area of the load table hoisting cables shall not be released until the two rows of bridging nearest the third points are completely installed. Where the joist span is in the GRAY SHADED area of the load table hoisting cables shall not be released until all rows of bridging are completely installed. 4 The approximate moment of inertia of the joist, in inches is; I j = 26.767(WLL)(L3)(10-6), where WLL = RED figure in the Load Table, and L = (clear span + .67) in feet. When holes are required in top or bottom chords, the carrying capacities must be reduced in proportion to the reduction of chord areas. The top chords are considered as being stayed laterally by floor slab or roof deck. The approximate joist weights per linear foot shown in these tables do not include accessories.
Approx. Wt in Lbs. Per Linear Ft (Joists only)
Depth in inches
SAFELOAD* in Lbs. Between
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET 89 298 171 327 187 365 204 443 247 507 276 569 311 614 346 706 395 97 288 169 331 184 401 223 453 249 518 281 559 313 643 356 90 291 165 320 181 357 197 433 239 497 266 557 301 601 335 691 381 98 283 163 324 178 394 216 444 242 508 272 548 304 630 345 91 285 159 313 174 349 191 424 231 486 258 545 291 588 324 676 369 99 277 158 318 173 386 209 435 234 498 264 537 294 618 335 92 279 154 306 169 342 185 414 224 476 249 533 282 575 314 661 357 100 272 153 312 168 379 204 427 228 488 256 526 285 605 325 93 273 150 299 164 334 179 406 216 466 242 522 272 563 304 647 346 101 267 149 306 163 372 197 419 221 478 248 516 277 594 316 94 267 145 293 158 327 173 397 209 457 234 511 264 551 294 634 335 102 262 145 300 158 365 191 411 214 469 242 506 269 582 306 95 261 140 287 153 320 168 389 203 447 227 500 256 540 285 620 324 103 257 140 295 153 358 186 403 209 460 234 496 262 571 298 96 256 136 281 149 314 163 381 197 438 220 490 247 528 276 608 315 104 253 136 289 150 351 181 396 202 451 228 487 254 560 289 97 251 132 275 144 307 158 373 191 430 213 480 240 518 267 595 304 105 248 133 284 145 344 175 388 196 443 221 478 247 549 281 98 246 128 270 140 301 153 366 185 421 207 470 233 507 260 583 296 106 244 129 278 141 338 171 381 190 434 215 469 240 539 273 99 241 124 264 135 295 149 358 180 413 201 461 226 497 252 572 286 107 239 125 273 137 331 166 375 186 426 209 460 233 529 266 100 236 120 259 132 289 144 351 174 405 194 451 219 487 245 560 279 108 235 122 268 133 325 161 368 181 419 204 452 227 520 258 101 231 116 254 128 284 140 344 170 397 189 443 213 478 237 549 270 109 231 118 263 130 319 157 361 175 411 198 444 221 510 251 102 227 114 249 124 278 135 338 164 390 184 434 207 468 230 539 263 110 227 115 259 126 314 152 355 171 403 192 436 214 501 245 103 223 110 244 120 273 132 331 159 382 178 426 201 459 224 528 255 111 223 113 254 123 308 149 349 167 396 188 428 209 492 238 104 218 107 240 117 268 128 325 155 375 173 418 195 451 217 518 247 112 219 110 249 119 303 145 343 162 389 182 420 204 483 231
52DLH10 52DLH11 52DLH12 52DLH13 52DLH14 52DLH15 52DLH16 52DLH17
25 26 29 34 39 42 45 52
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52
61-88 26700 29300 32700 39700 45400 51000 55000 63300 66-96 28100 32300 39100 44200 50500 54500 62800
56DLH11 56DLH12 56DLH13 56DLH14 56DLH15 56DLH16 56DLH17
26 30 34 39 42 46 51
56 56 56 56 56 56 56
76
STANDARD LOAD TABLE/DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, DLH-SERIES Based on a Maximum Allowable Tensile Stress of 30 ksi
Joist Designation Approx. Wt in Lbs. Per (Joists only) Depth in
SAFE LOAD* in Lbs. Between
CLEAR SPAN IN FEET
Linear Ft inches
29 35 40 43 46 52 59
60 60 60 60 60 60 60
31 34 40 43 46 52 59
64 64 64 64 64 64 64
37 40 44 49 55 61 67
68 68 68 68 68 68 68
72DLH14 72DLH15 72DLH16 72DLH17 72DLH18 72DLH19
41 44 50 56 59 70
72 72 72 72 72 72
70-99 100-104 105 31100 31100 295 168 37800 37800 358 203 42000 42000 398 216 49300 49300 467 255 54200 54200 513 285 62300 62300 590 324 71900 71900 681 31100 366 75-99 100-112 113 30000 30000 264 153 36400 36400 321 186 41700 41700 367 199 47800 47800 421 234 53800 53800 474 262 62000 62000 546 298 71600 71600 630 337 80-99 100-120 121 35000 35000 288 171 40300 40300 332 184 45200 45200 372 206 53600 53600 441 242 60400 60400 497 275 69900 69900 575 311 80500 80500 662 353 84-99 100-128 129 39200 39200 303 171 44900 44900 347 191 51900 51900 401 225 58400 58400 451 256 68400 68400 528 289 80200 80200 619 328
106 289 163 351 197 391 210 458 248 504 277 579 315 668 357 114 259 150 315 181 360 193 414 228 466 254 536 290 619 328 122 284 168 327 179 365 201 433 236 489 268 566 304 651 344 130 298 167 342 187 395 219 445 250 520 283 609 321
107 284 158 345 191 383 205 450 242 494 269 569 306 656 346 115 255 146 310 176 354 189 407 223 458 248 527 283 608 320 123 279 164 322 175 360 196 427 230 481 262 557 297 641 336 131 294 163 336 183 390 214 438 245 512 276 600 313
108 279 154 339 187 376 199 442 235 485 262 558 298 644 337 116 251 142 305 171 349 184 400 217 450 242 518 275 598 311 124 275 159 317 171 354 191 420 225 474 256 549 289 631 328 132 290 159 331 178 384 209 432 239 505 270 591 306
109 274 150 333 181 370 193 434 228 476 255 548 290 632 327 117 247 138 300 168 343 179 394 211 443 235 509 268 587 304 125 271 155 312 167 348 187 413 219 467 249 540 283 621 320 133 285 155 326 174 378 205 426 233 497 265 582 300
110 270 146 327 176 363 189 427 223 468 247 538 283 621 319 118 243 135 295 163 337 174 387 206 435 229 501 262 578 296 126 267 152 308 163 343 182 407 214 460 244 532 276 611 313 134 281 152 322 171 373 200 420 228 490 258 573 293
111 265 142 322 171 356 183 419 216 460 241 529 275 610 310 119 239 132 291 159 332 171 381 201 428 224 492 255 568 288 127 263 149 303 159 337 178 400 209 453 238 524 269 601 305 135 277 149 317 167 368 196 414 224 483 252 565 286
112 261 138 316 167 350 178 412 210 451 235 519 267 599 303 120 235 129 286 155 326 166 375 196 421 218 484 248 559 282 128 259 145 299 155 332 174 394 204 446 232 516 263 592 298 136 274 146 312 163 363 191 408 218 479 247 557 280
113 256 134 311 163 344 173 405 205 444 228 510 261 589 294 121 231 125 281 152 321 162 369 191 414 213 476 243 549 274 129 255 142 294 152 327 170 388 199 439 228 508 257 583 291 137 270 143 308 160 358 188 402 213 470 242 549 274
114 252 131 306 158 338 170 398 200 436 223 501 254 578 286 122 228 122 277 148 316 158 363 187 407 208 468 237 540 267 130 252 138 290 148 322 166 382 195 433 222 501 251 574 285 138 266 139 303 156 353 183 397 209 463 236 541 268
115 248 128 301 154 332 165 392 194 428 217 493 247 568 279 123 224 119 273 144 311 154 358 182 401 203 461 231 532 261 131 248 135 286 145 317 162 376 190 427 217 493 246 565 278 139 262 136 299 152 348 179 391 205 457 231 533 263
116 244 124 296 151 327 161 385 190 421 211 484 241 559 272 124 221 116 269 141 306 151 352 177 394 198 454 226 523 255 132 244 133 281 141 312 158 371 186 420 212 486 240 557 272 140 259 133 295 150 343 175 386 200 450 227 526 257
117 240 121 291 147 321 156 379 185 414 206 476 235 549 266 125 218 114 264 137 301 147 347 173 388 193 446 220 515 249 133 241 130 277 138 308 155 365 182 414 208 479 234 548 266 141 255 131 291 147 338 171 381 196 444 222 518 251
118 236 118 286 143 316 152 373 180 407 201 468 228 540 259 126 214 111 260 134 296 143 341 170 382 189 439 215 507 243 134 237 127 273 135 303 152 360 178 408 203 472 230 540 260 142 252 128 286 143 334 169 376 191 438 217 511 247
119 232 115 282 139 310 149 367 175 400 196 460 223 531 252 127 211 109 257 131 292 140 336 165 376 184 432 210 499 237 135 234 124 269 133 299 148 354 174 403 198 465 225 532 254 143 248 125 282 140 329 165 371 188 432 212 504 241
120 228 113 277 135 305 145 361 171 393 190 453 217 522 246 128 208 106 253 128 287 136 331 161 370 180 426 205 491 232 136 231 121 266 130 294 145 349 171 397 194 459 219 525 248 144 245 123 279 137 325 161 366 184 426 209 497 236
* The safe uniform load for the clear spans shown in the Safe Load Column is equal to (Safe Load)/(Clear span + 0.67). (The added 0.67 feet (8 inches) is required to obtain the proper length on which the Load Tables were developed). *In no case shall the safe uniform load, for clear spans less than the minimum clear span shown in the Safe Load Column, exceed the uniform load calculated for
77
the minimum clear span listed in the Safe Load Column. *To solve for live loads for clear spans shown in the Safe Load Column (or lesser clear spans), multiply the live load of the shortest clear span shown in the Load Table by (the shortest clear span shown in the Load Table + 0.67 feet)2 and divide by (the actual clear span + 0.67 feet)2. The live load shall not exceed the safe uniform load.
JOIST GIRDERS
JOIST GIRDERS
INTRODUCTION
On the following pages are specifications and weight tables for Joist Girders, which are open web steel trusses used as primary framing members. They are designed as simple spans supporting equally spaced concentrated loads for a floor or roof system. These concentrated loads are considered to act at the panel points of the Joist Girders. Joist Girders have been designed to allow for a growing need for longer span primary members, coupled with a need for more efficient steel usage. These members have been standardized in the Weight Table for depths from 20 inches (508 mm) to 72 inches (1829 mm), and spans to 60 feet (18288 mm). Standardized camber is provided as listed in paragraph 1003.6 of the specifications. Joist Girders are furnished with underslung ends and lower chord extensions. The standard depth at the bearing ends has been established at 7 inches (191 mm) for all Joist Girders. Joist Girders are usually attached to the columns by bolting with two inch (19 mm) bolts. A loose connection of the lower chord to the column or other support is recommended during erection in order to stabilize the lower chord laterally and to help brace the Joist Girder against possible overturning. A vertical stabilizer plate shall be provided on each column for the lower chord of the Joist Girder. The stabilizer plate shall be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer.
CAUTION: If a rigid connection of the bottom chord is to be made to the column or other support, it shall be made only after the application of the dead loads. The Joist Girder is then no longer simply supported and the system must be investigated for continuous frame action by the specifying professional*. Bearing details of joists on perimeter girders, or interior girders with unbalanced loads, should be designed such that the reactions pass through the center of the Joist Girder. The Weight Table lists the approximate weight per linear foot (Kilograms per meter) for a Joist Girder supporting the concentrated panel point loads shown. Please note that the weight of the Joist Girder must be included in the panel point load (see the example at Section 1006). For calculating the approximate deflection or checking for ponding, the following formula may be used in determining the approximate moment of inertia of a Joist Girder. IJG = 0.027 NPLd: where N = number of joist spaces; P = panel point load in kips; L = Joist Girder length in feet; and d = effective depth of the Joist Girder in inches, or IJG = .3296 NPLd: where N = number of joist spaces; P = panel point load in kiloNewtons; L = Joist Girder length in millimeters and d = effective depth of the Joist Girder in millimeters. Contact the Joist Girder manufacturer if a more exact Joist Girder moment of inertia must be known.
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute Technical Digest #11 Design of Joist-Girder Frames
Franklin County Training Center, Grove City, OH
78
FOR JOIST GIRDERS
ANSI Designation: SJI-JG-1.0 Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute, November 4, 1985 Revised to May 1, 2000 Effective August 1, 2002
SECTION 1000.
SCOPE
These specifications cover the design, manufacture and use of joist girders.
SECTION 1001.
DEFINITION
The term Joist Girder, as used herein, refers to open web, load-carrying members utilizing hot-rolled or cold-formed steel, including cold-formed steel whose yield strength* has been attained by cold working. The design of joist girder chord and web sections shall be based on a yield strength of at least 36 ksi (250 MPa), but not greater than 50 ksi (345 MPa). Steel used for joist girder chord or web sections shall have a minimum yield strength determined in accordance with one of the procedures specified in Section 1002.2, which is equal to the yield strength assumed in the design. Joist girders shall be designed in accordance with these specifications to support panel point loadings.
* The term Yield Strength as used herein shall designate the yield level of a material as determined by the applicable method outlined in paragraph 13.1, Yield Point and in paragraph 13.2, Yield Strength, of ASTM Standard A370, Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products, or as specified in Section 1002.2 of this Specification.
Structural Steel, ASTM A572/A572M Grades 42, 45 and 50. High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi (345 MPa) Minimum Yield Point to 4 inches (102 mm) thick, ASTM A588/A588M. Steel, Sheet and Strip, High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled, with Improved Corrosion Resistance, ASTM A606. Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, ASTM A1008/A1008M. Steel, Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy and HighStrength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, ASTM A1011/A1011M. or shall be of suitable quality ordered or produced to other than the listed specifications, provided that such material in the state used for final assembly and manufacture is weldable and is proved by tests performed by the producer or manufacturer to have the properties specified in Section 1002.2.

The yield strength used as a basis for the design stresses prescribed in Section 1003 shall be at least 36 ksi (250 MPa), but shall not be greater than 50 ksi (345 MPa). Evidence that the steel furnished meets or exceeds the design yield strength shall, if requested, be provided in the form of an affidavit or by witnessed or certified test reports. For material used without consideration of increase in yield strength resulting from cold forming, the specimens shall be taken from as-rolled material. In the case of material properties which conform to the requirements of one of the listed specifications, test specimens and procedure shall conform to those of such specifications and to ASTM A370. In the case of material, the mechanical properties which do not conform to the requirements of one of the listed specifications, the test specimens and procedure shall conform to the applicable requirements of ASTM A370 and the specimens shall exhibit a yield strength equal to or exceeding the design yield strength and an elongation of not less than (a) 20 percent in 2 inches (51 mm) for sheet and strip, or (b) 18 percent in 8 inches (203 mm) for plates, shapes and bars with adjustments for thickness for plates, shapes and bars as prescribed in ASTM A36/A36M, A242/A242M, A529/A529M, A572/A572M, A588/A588M, whichever specification is applicable on the basis of design yield strength.
SECTION 1002.
MATERIALS
1002.1 STEEL
The steel used in the manufacture of chord and web sections shall conform to one of the following ASTM Specifications: Carbon Structural Steel, ASTM A36/A36M. High-Strength, Low-Alloy Structural Steel, ASTM A242/A242M. High-Strength Carbon-Manganese Steel of Structural Quality, ASTM A529/A529M, Grade 50. High-Strength, Low-Alloy Columbium-Vanadium Standard Specifications and Load Tables for Joist Girders Steel Joist Institute Copyright, 2002
79
JOIST GIRDERS
The number of tests shall be as prescribed in ASTM A6/A6M for plates, shapes, and bars; and ASTM A1008/A1008M and A1011/A1011M for sheet and strip. If as-formed strength is utilized, the test reports shall show the results of tests performed on full section specimens in accordance with the provisions of the AISI Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members and shall indicate compliance with these provisions and with the following additional requirements: (a) The yield strength measured in the tests shall equal or exceed the design yield strength. (b) Where tension tests are made for acceptance and control purposes, the tensile strength shall be at least 6 percent greater than the yield strength of the section. (c) Where compression tests are used for acceptance and control purposes, the specimen shall withstand a gross shortening of 2 percent of its original length without cracking. The length of the specimen shall not be greater than 20 times its least radius of gyration. (d) If any test specimen fails to pass the requirements of subparagraph a, b, or c above, as applicable, two retests shall be made of specimens from the same lot. Failure of one of the retest specimens to meet such requirements shall be the cause for rejection of the lot represented by the specimens.
(a) Steel Structures Painting Council Specification, SSPC No. 15 (b) Or, shall be a shop paint which meets the minimum performance requirements of the above listed specification.
SECTION 1003.

1003.1 METHOD
Joist Girders shall be designed in accordance with these specifications as simply supported primary members. All loads will be applied through steel joists, and will be equal in magnitude and evenly spaced along the joist girder top chord. Where any applicable design feature is not specifically covered herein, the design shall be in accordance with the following specifications: (a) American Institute of Steel Construction Specification for Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings (Allowable Stress Design), where the material used consists of plates, shapes or bars. (b) American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members, for members which are cold-formed from sheet or strip material.
1002.3 WELDING ELECTRODES

The following electrodes shall be used for arc welding: (a) For connected members both having a specified minimum yield strength greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa). AWS A5.1 or A5.5, E70XX AWS A5.17, F7XX-EXXX-X flux electrode combination AWS A5.18, E70S-X AWS A5.20, E7XT-X (b) For connected members both having a specified minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa) or one having a specified minimum yield strength of 36 ksi (250 MPa) and the other having a specified minimum yield strength greater than 36 ksi (250 MPa). AWS A5.1, E60XX AWS A5.17, F6XX-EXXX-X flux electrode combination AWS A5.20, E6XT-X or any of those listed in Section 1002.3(a) Other welding methods, providing equivalent strength as demonstrated by tests, may be used.
1003.2 UNIT STRESSES

Joist Girders shall have their components so proportioned that the unit stresses in kips per square inch (Mega Pascals) shall not exceed the following, where Fy is the yield strength defined in Section 1002.2: (a) Tension: All members.......................................Ft = 0.6Fy (b) Compression For members with /r less than Cc:
1Fa =
r 2C c
2 2
QFy
3
r 1 r 5 3 + 3 8 Cc 8 Cc 2 2E QFy
where Cc =
and
1002.4 PAINT
The standard shop paint is intended to protect the steel for only a short period of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions and shall be considered an impermanent and provisional coating. When specified, the standard shop paint shall conform to one of the following:
where Q is a form factor equal to unity except when the width-thickness ratio of one or more elements of the profile exceeds the limiting width-thickness ratios for noncompact sections specified in the AISC Specifications, Section B5 (Allowable Stress Design) for hot-rolled sections.
80
JOIST GIRDERS
For cold-formed sections, the method of calculating the allowable column strength is given in the AISI Specification. For members with /r greater than Cc:
1003.4 MEMBERS
(a) Chords The bottom chord shall be designed as an axially loaded tension member. The radius of gyration of the bottom chord about its vertical axis shall be not less than /240 where is the distance between lines of bracing. The top chord shall be designed as a axial loaded compression member. The radius of gyration of the top chord about the vertical axis shall be not less than Span/575. The top chord shall be considered as stayed laterally by the steel joists provided positive attachment is made. (b) Web The vertical shears to be used in the design of the web members shall be determined from full loading, but such vertical shear shall be not less than 25 percent of the end reaction. Interior vertical web members used in modified Warren type web systems that do not support the direct loads through steel joists shall be designed to resist 2 percent of the top chord axial force. Tension members shall be designed to resist, in compression, at least 25 percent of their axial force. (c) Fillers and Ties Chord and web members in compression, composed of two components, shall have fillers, ties or welds spaced so the /r ratio for each component shall not exceed the /r ratio of the whole member. Chord and web members in tension, composed of two components, shall have fillers, ties or welds spaced so that the /r ratio of each component shall not exceed 240. The least r shall be used in computing the /r ratio of a component. (d) Eccentricity Members connected at a joint shall have their center of gravity lines meet at a point, if practical. Eccentricity on either side of the centroid of chord members may be neglected when it does not exceed the distance between the centroid and the back of the chord. Otherwise, provision shall be made for the stresses due to eccentricity. Ends of Joist Girders shall be proportioned to resist bending produced by eccentricity at the support. In those cases where a single angle compression member is attached to the outside of the stem of a tee or double angle chord, due consideration shall be given to eccentricity.
Fa =
12 2E 23 r
2
In the above formula, is the length center to center of panel points, and r is the corresponding least radius of gyration of the member or any component thereof, both in inches (millimeters) and E is equal to 29,000 ksi (200,000 MPa). Use 1.2 /rx for a crimped, first primary compression web member when a moment-resistant weld group is not used for this member; where rx = member radius of gyration in the plane of the Joist Girder. (c) Bending: For chords and web members other than solid rounds Fb = 0.6Fy For web members of solid round cross section Fb = 0.9Fy For outstanding legs of top chord angles at points of loading Fb = 0.75Fy For Bearing Plates Fb = 0.75Fy (d) Weld Stresses: Shear at throat of fillet welds: Made with E70 series electrodes or F7XX-EXXX-X flux-electrode combinations. . . . . . .21 ksi (145 MPa) Made with E60 series electrodes or F6XX-EXXX-X flux-electrode combinations . . . . . .18 ksi (124 MPa) Tension or compression on groove or butt welds shall be the same as those specified for the connected material.

The slenderness ratio /r, where is the length centerto-center of support points and r is the corresponding least radius of gyration, shall not exceed the following: Top chord interior panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 Top chord end panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 Compression members other than top chord . . .200 Tension members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
81
JOIST GIRDERS
(e) Extended Ends Extended top chords or full depth cantilever ends require the special attention of the specifying professional. The magnitude and location of the design loads to be supported, the deflection requirements, and the proper bracing shall be clearly indicated on the structural drawings.
1003.5 CONNECTIONS
(a) Methods Joint connections and splices shall be made by attaching the members to one another by arc or resistance welding or other approved method. 1) Welded Connections a) Selected welds shall be inspected visually by the manufacturer. Prior to this inspection, weld slag shall be removed. b) Cracks are not acceptable and shall be removed. c) Thorough fusion shall exist between layers of weld metal and between weld metal and base metal for the required design length of the weld; such fusion shall be verified by visual inspection. d) Unfilled weld craters shall not be included in the design length of the weld. e) Undercut shall not exceed inch (2 mm) for welds oriented parallel to the principal stress. f) The sum of surface (piping) porosity diameters shall not exceed inch (2 mm) in any 1 inch (25 mm) of design weld length. g) Weld spatter that does not interfere with paint coverage is acceptable. 2) Welding Program Manufacturers shall have a program for establishing weld procedures and operator qualification, and for weld sampling and testing. 3) Weld Inspection by Outside Agencies (See Section 1004.10 of these specifications). The agency shall arrange for visual inspection to determine that welds meet the acceptance standards of Section 1003.5.1) above. Ultrasonic, X-Ray, and magnetic particle testing are inappropriate for joists due to the configurations of the components and welds. (b) Strength Joint connections shall develop the maximum force due to any of the design loads, but not less than 50 percent of the allowable strength of the member in tension or compression, whichever force is the controlling factor in the selection of the member.
(c) Shop Splices Shop splices may occur at any point in chord or web members. Splices shall be designed for the member force but not less than 50 percent of the allowable member strength. Members containing a butt weld splice shall develop an ultimate tensile force of at least 57 ksi (393 MPa) times the full design area of the chord or web. The term member shall be defined as all component parts comprising the chord or web, at the point of splice. (d) Field Splices Field splices shall be designed by the manufacturer and may be either bolted or welded. Splices shall be designed for the member force, but not less than 50 percent of the allowable member strength.
1003.6 CAMBER
Joist Girders shall have approximate cambers in accordance with the following: Approximate Camber Top Chord Length 20'-0" (6096 mm) " (6 mm) 30'-0" (9144 mm) " (10 mm) 40'-0" (12192 mm) " (16 mm) 50'-0" (15240 mm) 1" (25 mm) 60'-0" (18288 mm) 1" (38 mm)
1003.7 VERIFICATION OF DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE

(a) Design Calculations Companies manufacturing Joist Girders shall submit design data to the Steel Joist Institute (or an independent agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute) for verification of compliance with the SJI Specifications. (d) In-Plant Inspections Each manufacturer shall verify his ability to manufacture Joist Girders through periodic In-Plant Inspections. Inspections shall be performed by a independent agency approved by the Steel Joist Institute. The frequency, manner of inspection, and manner of reporting shall be determined by the Steel Joist Institute. The In-Plant Inspections are not a guaranty of the quality of any specific Joist Girder; this responsibility lies fully and solely with the individual manufacturer.
82
JOIST GIRDERS
SECTION 1004.
APPLICATION
1004.1 USAGE
These specifications shall apply to any type of structure where steel joists are to be supported directly by Joist Girders installed as hereinafter specified. Where Joist Girders are used other than on simple spans under equal concentrated gravity loading, as prescribed in Section 1003.1, they shall be investigated and modified if necessary to limit the unit stresses to those listed in Section 1003.2. The magnitude and location of all loads and forces, other than equal concentrated gravity loadings, shall be provided on the structural drawings. The specifying professional shall design the supporting structure, including the design of columns, connections, and moment plates*. This design shall account for the stresses caused by lateral forces and the stresses due to connecting the bottom chord to the column or other support. The designed detail of a rigid type connection and moment plates shall be shown on the structural drawings by the specifying professional. The moment plates shall be furnished by other than the joist manufacturer.
* For further reference, refer to Steel Joist Institute Technical Digest #11, Design of Joist-Girder Frames
furnished by other than the joist manufacturer. Where it is deemed necessary to bear less than 6 inches (152 mm) over the masonry or concrete support, special consideration is to be given to the design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or concrete by the specifying professional. The girders must bear a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) on the steel bearing plate. (b) Steel Due consideration of the end reactions and all other vertical and lateral forces shall be taken by the specifying professional in the design of the steel support. The ends of Joist Girders shall extend a distance of not less than 4 inches (102 mm) over the steel supports and shall have positive attachment to the support, either by bolting or welding.
1004.5 BRACING
Joist Girders shall be proportioned such that they can be erected without bridging (See Section 1004.9 for bracing required for uplift forces). Therefore, the following requirements must be met: a) The ends of the bottom chord are restrained from lateral movement to brace the girder from overturning. b) No other loads shall be placed on the Joist Girder until the steel joists bearing on the girder are in place and welded to the girder.
1004.2 SPAN
The span of a Joist Girder shall not exceed 24 times its depth.
1004.6 END ANCHORAGE

Masonry and Concrete Ends of Joist Girders resting on steel bearing plates on masonry or structural concrete shall be attached thereto with a minimum of two inch (6 mm) fillet welds 2 inches (51 mm) long, or with two inch (19 mm) bolts, or the equivalent. b) Steel Ends of Joist Girders resting on steel supports shall be attached thereto with a minimum of two inch (6mm) fillet welds 2 inches (51 mm) long, or with two inch (19 mm) bolts, or the equivalent. In steel frames, bearing seats for Joist Girders shall be fabricated to allow for field bolting. c) Uplift Where uplift forces are a design consideration, roof Joist Girders shall be anchored to resist such forces. a)
1004.3 DEPTH
Joist Girders may have either parallel top chords or a top chord pitch of inch per foot (1:96). The nominal depth of pitched chord Joist Girders shall be the depth at mid-span.
1004.4 END SUPPORTS

(a) Masonry and Concrete Joist Girders supported by masonry or concrete are to bear on steel bearing plates and shall be designed as steel bearing. Due consideration of the end reactions and all other vertical and lateral forces shall be taken by the specifying professional in the design of the steel bearing plate and the masonry or concrete. The ends of Joist Girders shall extend a distance of not less than 6 inches (152 mm) over the masonry or concrete support and be anchored to the steel bearing plate. The plate shall be located not more than inch (13 mm) from the face of the wall and shall be not less 9 inches (229 mm) wide perpendicular to the length of the girder. It is to be designed by the specifying professional in compliance with the allowable unit stresses in Section A5.1 (Allowable Stress Design) of the AISC Specifications. The steel bearing plate shall be
1004.7 DEFLECTION
The deflections due to the design live load shall not exceed the following: Floors: of span. Roofs: of span where a plaster ceiling is attached or suspended. of span for all other cases.
83
JOIST GIRDERS
The specifying professional shall give due consideration to the effects of deflection and vibration* in the selection of Joist Girders.
1004.8 PONDING
Unless a roof surface is provided with sufficient slope toward points of free drainage or adequate individual drains to prevent the accumulation of rain water, the roof system shall be investigated to assure stability under ponding conditions in accordance with Section K2 (Allowable Stress Design) of the AISC Specification.* The ponding investigation shall be performed by the specifying professional.
During the construction period, the contractor shall provide means for the adequate distribution of concentrated loads so that the carrying capacity of any Joist Girder is not exceeded. Field welding shall not damage the Joist Girder. The total length of weld at any one cross-section on cold-formed members whose yield strength has been attained by cold working and whose as-formed strength is used in the design, shall not exceed 50 percent of the overall developed width of the cold-formed section.
* For a thorough coverage of this topic, refer to SJI Technical Digest #9, Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and Joist Girders.
SECTION 1006.
HOW TO SPECIFY JOIST GIRDERS

For a given Joist Girder span, the specifying professional first determines the number of joist spaces. Then the panel point loads are calculated and a depth is selected. The following tables give the Joist Girder weight per linear foot (Kilograms/Meter) for various depths and loads. Example using English units:
8.8K 8.8K Joist Space
Depth
1004.9 UPLIFT
Where uplift forces due to wind are a design requirement, these forces must be indicated on the contract drawings in terms of net uplift in pounds per square foot (Pascals). When these forces are specified, they must be considered in the design of Joist Girders and/or bracing. If the ends of the bottom chord are not strutted, bracing must be provided near the first bottom chord panel points whenever uplift due to wind forces is a design consideration.*
8.8K
8.8K
8.8K
8.8K
8.8K
Joist Girder Span (C.L of Column to C.L of Column)
STANDARD DESIGNATION 48G

Depth in Inches
1004.10 INSPECTION
Joist Girders shall be inspected by the manufacturer before shipment to insure compliance of materials and workmanship with the requirements of this specification. If the purchaser wishes an inspection of the Joist Girders by someone other than the manufacturers own inspectors, he may reserve the right to do so in his Invitation to Bid or the accompanying Job Specifications. Arrangements shall be made with the manufacturer for such inspection of the Joist Girders at the manufacturing shop by the purchasers inspectors at purchasers expense.
8N
Number of Joist Spaces
8.8K
Kip Load on Each Panel Point
SECTION 1005.*
HANDLING AND ERECTION

Particular attention should be paid to the erection of Joist Girders. Care shall be exercised at all times to avoid damage through careless handling during unloading, storing and erecting. Dropping of Joist Girders shall not be permitted.
Given 50'-0" x 40'-0" bay. Joists spaced on 6'-3" centers. Live Load = 20 psf Dead Load = 15 psf (includes the approximate Joist Girder Weight) Total Load = 35 psf NOTE: Web configuration may vary from that shown. Contact Joist Girder manufacturer if exact layout must be known. 1. Determine number of actual joist spaces (N). In this example, N = 8. 2. Compute total load: Total load = 6.25 x 35 psf = 218.75 plf 3. Joist Girder Selection: (Interior) a) Compute the concentrated load at top chord panel points P = 218.75 x 40 = 8,750 lbs. = 8.8 kips (use 9K for depth selection).
84
JOIST GIRDERS
b) Select Joist Girder depth: Refer to the Joist Girder Design Guide Weight Table for the 50'-0" span, 8 panel, 9.0K Joist Girder. The rule of about one inch of depth for each foot of span is a good compromise of limited depth and economy. Therefore, select a depth of 48 inches. c) The Joist Girder will then be designated 48G8N8.8K. d) The Joist Girder table shows the weight for a 48G8N9K as 43 pounds per linear foot. The designer should verify that the weight is not greater than the weight assumed in the dead load above. e) Check live load deflection: Live load = 20 psf x 40 ft. = 800 plf. Approximate Joist Girder moment of inertia = 0.027 NPLd = 0.027 x 8 x 9 x 50 x 48 = 4666 in4. Allowable deflection for 50 x 12 plastered ceilings = L/360 = = 1.67 in. 360
Deflection = 1.15
0.800 4 1.15 x 5 12 (50 x 12 ) 5wL4 = 384EI 384 x 29,000 x 4666
1.
2. 3.
= 0.96 in. < 1.67 in., Okay Live load deflection rarely governs because of the relatively small span-depth ratios of Joist Girders. The purpose of the Design Guide Weight Table for Joist Girders is to assist the specifying professional in the selection of a roof or floor support system. It is not necessary to use only the depths, spans, or loads shown in the tables. Holes in chord elements present special problems which must be considered by both the specifying professional and the Joist Girder Manufacturer. The sizes and locations of such holes shall be clearly indicated on the structural drawings.
85
JOIST GIRDERS DESIGN GUIDE WEIGHT TABLE FOR JOIST GIRDERS

Joist Girder Weight Pounds Per Linear Foot PANEL POINT LOAD (THE GIRDER SELF-WEIGHT SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE PANEL POINT LOAD)
Span No. of Joist Spaces
3N@6.67' 20'0" 4N@5.0' Depth (in.) 20 24 28 20 24 28 20 24 28 20 24 28 32 20 24 28 32 20 24 28 32 20 24 28 32 20 24 28 32 20 24 28 32 20 24 28 32 36 20 24 28 32 36 20 24 28 32 36 24 28 32 36 40 24 28 32 36 40 24 28 32 36 40 24 28 32 36 40 24 28 32 36 40
4K
13 13 13 14 14 14 17 17 17 15 15 15 15 17 17 17 18 16 15 15 15 18 16 15 15 16 15 15 15 19 16 15 15 17 16 15 15 16 20 18 17 16 16 20 18 17 17 18 18 17 17 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 20 18 17 16 16 22 20 19 18 17 20 20 17 17 16
5K
13 14 14 14 15 15 17 17 17 15 15 15 15 18 17 17 18 16 15 15 15 18 16 15 15 16 15 15 15 19 16 15 15 17 16 15 15 16 20 18 17 16 16 23 19 18 18 18 19 17 17 16 16 20 18 18 18 18 20 18 17 16 16 22 20 19 18 17 20 20 17 17 16
6K
14 14 14 15 15 15 17 17 17 17 15 15 15 18 18 18 18 18 17 15 16 22 19 17 16 19 16 15 16 21 19 17 17 20 17 17 15 16 24 21 19 17 16 26 23 20 19 19 22 19 17 18 17 23 20 19 19 19 24 21 19 18 18 26 22 21 20 19 25 21 20 19 18
7K
16 14 14 17 15 15 18 17 17 19 17 16 16 23 19 18 18 20 17 16 16 25 21 19 19 22 19 17 16 25 22 19 19 22 21 17 17 16 27 23 21 19 19 29 26 23 20 19 25 22 21 20 18 28 24 21 20 20 25 24 21 20 19 30 26 24 24 22 29 24 21 21 20
8K
17 15 15 18 16 16 20 18 17 22 19 17 16 26 20 19 18 22 20 18 17 27 24 21 20 24 21 18 17 28 26 21 20 25 22 20 18 18 30 26 23 22 20 35 29 27 24 22 28 26 22 22 20 32 27 25 24 21 30 26 24 22 22 34 30 27 26 25 30 28 26 24 23
9K
20 17 17 21 18 18 23 19 18 24 21 18 19 28 24 21 19 25 22 20 19 31 26 24 22 26 22 20 18 31 27 24 23 29 25 22 20 19 36 29 26 24 23 38 33 29 27 25 31 28 25 23 24 35 30 28 26 25 33 30 27 26 24 37 33 30 29 28 36 31 28 26 26
10K
22 19 17 23 20 18 24 21 19 26 23 21 19 29 26 24 20 27 24 22 20 33 29 27 24 29 25 23 20 36 31 27 24 31 26 24 22 20 39 32 29 27 25 44 36 30 29 26 34 31 28 27 24 38 34 29 29 27 36 31 30 28 26 42 37 33 32 29 39 33 31 29 27
11K
23 21 17 24 22 18 27 23 20 29 25 24 22 33 29 25 22 31 26 23 22 36 32 28 26 32 27 24 23 39 32 29 28 34 29 27 24 23 42 36 31 28 27 47 39 34 31 30 37 32 30 28 27 41 39 33 30 30 39 36 32 30 28 45 40 36 34 32 42 37 34 31 29
12K
25 22 21 26 23 22 28 24 21 32 27 24 22 39 30 28 25 32 27 26 24 40 34 31 28 33 30 27 24 42 35 32 28 37 32 27 25 24 44 37 33 30 28 51 42 39 35 32 39 36 32 31 29 45 39 35 32 32 42 37 34 33 30 48 43 39 37 35 45 39 36 32 32
13K
27 24 22 28 25 23 30 27 24 34 30 26 25 39 34 29 26 35 30 28 25 43 37 33 29 37 32 28 26 43 38 33 31 39 33 30 27 25 48 41 37 33 31 55 45 40 35 32 42 37 34 33 30 51 43 40 35 33 45 40 36 33 32 52 46 42 38 35 48 42 37 35 33
14K
29 25 23 31 27 25 33 29 25 36 31 28 25 42 34 31 29 37 32 28 27 45 40 34 32 39 33 30 27 48 41 36 33 44 35 33 28 29 52 42 37 34 33 58 52 43 41 37 45 40 37 33 31 52 46 40 38 36 48 43 37 35 33 55 49 45 40 39 52 46 42 38 35
15K
30 25 24 33 28 26 34 29 27 37 33 29 27 45 40 34 31 39 34 31 28 48 41 38 34 42 35 33 28 50 42 38 34 44 38 33 31 29 55 46 40 38 33 64 52 47 41 39 48 43 38 35 34 58 49 44 42 38 52 46 41 38 35 59 52 47 43 41 55 49 43 40 38
16K
31 29 24 34 32 26 39 33 28 41 34 31 29 49 40 35 32 42 35 33 29 52 44 39 34 44 38 33 31 55 46 40 36 47 41 36 33 29 59 49 43 38 36 68 56 50 45 43 52 46 41 39 35 59 53 48 43 43 55 49 43 39 39 63 56 51 48 43 61 49 47 43 39
17K
34 29 26 37 32 28 40 34 29 45 37 33 30 52 43 38 33 44 38 34 31 55 47 42 37 47 40 35 33 58 48 43 38 50 43 37 34 31 62 53 45 41 38 73 59 53 49 44 55 48 43 40 38 65 56 50 46 44 59 51 46 42 41 67 60 53 50 46 64 52 49 45 41
18K
36 30 27 38 32 29 43 34 30 46 38 34 31 52 47 41 37 46 40 35 33 57 50 44 40 50 41 36 34 61 50 45 40 52 44 39 34 33 65 56 47 44 41 76 63 57 49 47 58 50 45 42 41 66 60 54 49 45 63 54 49 45 43 70 64 56 51 49 68 56 50 48 44
19K
39 32 30 41 34 32 46 40 34 49 40 35 31 56 47 41 37 48 42 37 34 60 53 46 42 52 43 38 35 65 53 47 43 55 47 42 37 34 67 58 49 46 42 80 66 58 52 50 61 54 48 44 42 68 61 55 49 47 67 57 52 47 44 76 67 58 55 51 71 60 54 50 47
20K
40 33 31 43 35 33 46 40 35 51 43 37 34 60 50 45 43 52 45 39 35 63 55 48 44 53 45 40 36 68 56 49 45 58 49 45 40 35 70 60 51 48 43 85 74 61 55 50 63 57 51 46 44 76 66 58 55 50 70 60 54 49 46 80 69 61 58 53 74 64 57 52 49
22'0"
4N@5.5'
4N@6.0' 24'0" 5N@4.8'
4N@6.25' 25'0" 5N@5.0'
4N@6.5' 26'0" 5N@5.20'
4N@7.0'
28'0"
5N@5.6'
6N@4.67'
5N@6.0' 30'0" 6N@5.0'
5N@6.4' 32'0" 6N@5.33'
34'0"
5N@6.8'
NOTE: Contact Canam if the panel point load exceeds the table.
86

Depth (in.) 24 28 32 36 40 28 32 36 40 28 32 36 40 28 32 36 40 28 32 36 40 44 28 32 36 40 44 28 32 36 40 44 28 32 36 40 44 28 32 36 40 44 28 32 36 40 44 28 32 36 40 44 32 36 40 44 48 52 32 36 40 44 48 52 32 36 40 44 48 52
4K
24 22 19 18 18 20 18 17 17 22 20 19 18 25 22 21 21 22 21 19 18 19 25 22 22 21 19 24 21 20 20 19 26 24 22 21 21 25 22 21 20 19 27 25 23 23 21 31 28 26 24 23 24 21 21 20 19 20 25 25 22 23 21 22 23 21 20 19 19 20
5K
24 22 19 18 18 20 18 17 17 22 20 19 18 25 22 21 21 22 21 19 18 19 25 22 22 21 19 24 21 20 20 19 26 24 22 21 21 25 22 21 20 19 27 25 23 23 21 31 28 26 24 23 24 21 21 20 19 20 25 25 22 23 21 22 28 26 24 22 21 21
6K
27 25 23 21 20 23 20 19 18 25 23 22 20 29 26 25 23 25 23 22 21 21 30 26 25 25 22 28 25 23 22 21 31 28 27 25 23 29 25 24 22 23 32 30 27 26 25 36 32 30 28 29 28 25 23 23 22 22 30 29 28 26 24 25 33 29 28 26 26 24
7K
31 28 27 24 23 25 23 21 22 29 26 25 24 32 30 28 27 30 27 25 24 23 34 31 29 28 26 31 28 27 26 23 36 32 30 28 28 32 31 27 26 25 38 34 32 30 29 42 37 34 33 32 31 29 27 27 24 24 36 33 30 28 29 28 38 34 31 30 30 28
8K
36 32 29 27 25 29 27 25 22 32 30 28 26 37 33 31 30 35 32 28 28 26 39 34 32 31 29 36 32 30 28 26 40 37 33 32 30 36 33 32 30 28 42 37 35 33 31 47 43 39 36 36 36 32 30 28 27 27 39 37 33 33 32 31 45 39 35 34 32 31
9K
40 36 33 30 28 31 29 27 27 36 33 31 28 42 37 34 33 36 33 32 29 29 42 39 35 33 32 39 37 32 30 28 45 40 38 34 34 42 37 34 32 31 48 42 38 36 34 51 46 43 40 39 39 37 32 32 30 31 44 40 38 36 35 33 48 42 40 36 36 34
10K
43 39 35 32 31 35 32 30 28 39 37 34 32 45 42 38 35 41 37 34 32 31 47 43 38 37 35 42 38 36 33 31 48 44 41 39 35 45 39 37 34 34 51 46 43 39 37 57 51 48 44 42 42 37 38 33 34 33 48 43 41 39 37 36 51 46 44 41 39 39
11K
48 42 37 34 33 38 33 32 30 44 38 35 34 50 45 41 40 44 40 38 34 33 50 46 43 40 38 45 42 37 35 34 55 49 44 42 41 48 43 40 38 35 57 49 47 43 40 62 56 51 48 45 46 43 38 38 36 35 52 47 44 43 41 38 58 53 47 45 43 42
12K
51 44 41 38 34 41 37 32 32 46 41 38 36 54 48 45 43 48 43 39 37 35 55 50 46 42 41 50 44 41 39 36 58 53 48 45 41 52 46 44 41 39 62 56 51 47 43 70 60 56 52 49 49 45 43 39 37 36 56 51 48 46 43 42 62 56 54 49 47 45
13K
55 49 45 39 37 43 39 37 33 49 45 41 39 58 51 48 45 50 46 42 39 38 59 53 49 46 44 55 49 44 42 40 63 56 51 47 46 55 49 47 44 40 67 58 53 50 47 72 66 60 56 53 53 48 44 42 40 38 63 57 52 49 47 45 66 60 55 52 51 49
14K
59 52 46 43 41 47 42 38 35 52 48 44 40 63 57 52 48 55 50 46 42 41 63 57 53 50 48 57 50 47 45 41 70 60 54 53 49 61 55 50 46 43 70 64 58 52 50 76 71 66 60 55 56 50 48 45 43 41 68 61 55 53 49 48 73 67 61 56 54 52
15K
63 56 51 46 42 49 44 41 38 56 51 46 44 68 59 55 52 58 51 48 45 41 70 61 57 53 50 63 56 51 47 44 71 64 58 54 51 63 56 51 48 45 73 69 61 57 53 84 74 68 63 59 62 55 52 48 46 44 71 65 59 56 54 50 77 67 62 60 57 53
16K
70 58 51 49 46 53 47 44 39 60 53 50 48 70 65 59 54 64 57 52 48 45 78 65 59 55 53 65 59 52 49 47 78 69 62 58 54 68 62 57 52 50 80 71 66 59 57 92 78 73 67 63 64 57 54 51 48 47 73 70 62 59 55 53 82 75 68 63 61 59
17K
74 62 56 51 49 57 49 46 42 64 57 53 50 74 68 63 58 67 60 55 51 47 79 69 63 59 56 70 62 56 52 49 81 74 67 61 58 73 66 60 55 51 84 75 69 63 60 95 82 77 71 67 68 61 56 54 51 50 76 72 67 63 59 57 90 79 69 67 64 59
18K
78 65 60 53 52 60 52 48 45 68 60 55 52 77 70 65 61 70 63 57 53 49 81 72 66 62 58 73 65 60 55 52 84 75 71 63 61 77 69 63 58 53 90 77 72 66 63 99 89 79 75 70 71 65 58 56 54 52 80 75 71 66 62 60 93 86 76 70 65 63
19K
84 68 63 56 54 62 54 50 47 74 63 58 54 80 72 66 63 74 66 60 56 52 84 76 70 65 61 77 69 63 58 55 87 79 76 68 63 80 71 68 60 56 94 81 76 71 66 103 93 82 79 75 75 69 62 59 56 54 85 79 76 70 65 62 98 91 81 78 72 67
20K
87 71 65 59 55 64 57 52 49 79 66 61 57 85 75 69 66 78 69 62 58 54 88 78 74 68 64 80 72 65 61 57 93 84 80 72 65 84 76 72 62 60 98 86 80 75 69 109 99 87 81 79 79 72 66 62 57 55 91 84 81 73 68 64 101 97 88 78 73 71
34'0"
6N@5.67'
5N@7.0'
35'0"
6N@5.83'
7N@5.0'
6N@6.0' 36'0" 7N@5.14'
6N@6.33' 38'0" 7N@5.43'
6N@6.67'
40'0"
7N@5.71'
8N@5.0'
6N@7.0'
42'0"
7N@6.0'
8N@5.25'
87

Joist Girder Weight Pounds Per Linear Foot
PANEL POINT LOAD (THE GIRDER SELF-WEIGHT SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE PANEL POINT LOAD)
Depth (in.) 32 36 40 44 48 52 32 36 40 44 48 52 32 36 40 44 48 52 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60
4K
28 26 24 23 23 22 30 28 27 24 24 24 27 24 21 20 20 21 22 19 19 19 18 19 19 30 29 27 25 25 25 24 34 31 29 28 28 28 27 29 26 25 23 23 22 22 31 28 27 26 25 25 25 27 24 24 22 21 21 21 30 28 25 25 23 23 23 22 32 30 28 27 26 26 25 24
5K
28 26 24 23 23 22 30 28 27 24 24 24 32 29 28 26 25 24 27 24 23 20 20 20 20 30 29 27 25 25 25 24 34 31 29 28 28 28 27 29 26 25 23 23 22 22 31 28 27 26 25 25 25 33 30 28 26 25 23 23 30 28 25 25 23 23 23 22 32 30 28 27 26 26 25 24
6K
32 30 27 27 26 25 36 33 31 29 30 27 38 34 31 30 29 28 31 28 27 24 24 22 22 36 33 32 30 30 28 28 41 37 34 34 33 31 32 33 31 29 28 27 24 25 37 34 32 30 29 30 28 38 34 33 30 30 30 28 35 31 30 29 27 27 25 25 39 36 33 32 30 30 28 29
7K
36 33 32 31 29 29 41 37 34 34 32 31 45 40 35 35 32 32 35 32 29 28 25 25 25 42 37 36 33 33 31 32 47 43 40 38 36 35 35 39 36 32 32 30 30 29 42 38 35 34 33 33 32 45 39 40 36 33 32 32 40 37 33 33 31 30 29 30 44 40 38 35 34 33 33 33
8K
42 37 35 33 32 31 46 42 38 37 36 35 48 46 41 38 37 35 38 38 33 30 30 29 27 46 43 39 39 36 36 35 52 48 44 42 42 39 40 42 40 38 35 34 33 32 48 43 41 39 36 36 36 51 45 43 41 37 36 35 45 41 38 37 34 33 33 32 48 45 42 39 37 36 36 35
9K
45 43 38 38 35 36 50 46 44 41 40 38 54 49 47 42 42 39 44 39 39 35 34 31 31 52 46 44 42 41 39 38 58 53 49 48 44 43 43 48 43 41 39 36 35 35 52 49 44 42 41 39 38 58 52 47 44 42 40 40 48 46 42 39 38 37 35 35 55 49 47 45 41 42 39 37
10K
49 46 44 39 39 37 55 50 48 46 42 42 58 53 50 49 44 45 51 45 40 40 36 35 33 57 51 48 46 44 43 41 63 58 53 51 50 48 46 52 48 44 42 40 37 36 57 53 49 48 44 42 43 62 56 53 49 47 45 46 55 49 47 43 41 39 38 36 61 56 51 49 47 44 43 41
11K
55 50 47 45 41 42 63 57 51 50 47 45 65 60 54 52 51 49 52 45 46 41 41 37 36 63 57 52 49 47 45 44 70 64 58 54 53 51 50 57 53 49 45 43 41 41 63 57 52 51 48 46 45 68 60 57 55 50 48 47 61 54 50 47 45 43 42 39 68 60 54 52 50 48 46 45
12K
61 53 51 47 45 43 68 60 55 53 49 49 72 67 61 56 53 52 58 52 47 47 42 42 39 68 60 58 53 51 48 47 78 72 64 60 56 55 53 63 56 51 49 46 44 43 70 64 58 54 52 50 48 73 66 61 59 57 52 52 66 59 53 51 49 46 44 44 70 64 59 55 53 51 49 48
13K
63 57 54 51 47 46 71 65 60 56 54 51 77 67 65 60 58 55 64 58 53 47 48 43 44 78 65 60 56 54 52 51 83 79 68 64 62 58 57 68 62 56 52 49 47 45 78 69 62 59 55 52 52 85 74 68 63 57 58 54 70 64 57 54 51 50 48 46 78 71 65 59 56 55 53 51
14K
70 63 58 52 50 48 78 70 66 60 56 56 84 75 69 63 61 59 65 59 53 53 49 49 45 78 72 66 62 57 56 54 86 80 74 69 64 63 60 70 64 59 55 53 51 49 82 72 66 62 59 56 54 88 79 71 66 64 59 60 77 68 63 58 53 52 51 49 84 78 70 65 60 59 57 55
15K
78 65 61 57 54 52 83 72 68 64 62 58 87 79 76 70 65 63 72 66 60 54 50 50 48 84 79 71 66 62 59 58 93 83 81 76 71 66 64 78 69 63 59 56 55 53 86 79 71 67 63 59 58 98 86 76 70 65 66 61 78 71 65 62 58 54 54 50 88 79 72 67 65 62 60 58
16K
78 71 66 59 57 56 87 79 73 68 64 62 97 86 76 71 69 67 73 66 61 61 55 50 51 87 80 73 68 65 63 59 99 89 86 79 76 72 68 82 75 69 65 60 56 55 90 84 73 72 67 63 61 100 89 80 77 71 66 65 85 79 70 66 60 59 56 55 95 86 80 74 68 65 63 59
17K
85 76 69 63 61 59 93 86 77 72 67 65 99 89 81 77 72 67 86 74 67 61 56 56 51 94 82 76 71 67 65 62 104 94 88 84 81 76 72 87 80 73 68 63 59 58 99 88 79 77 71 67 63 104 95 88 78 72 73 69 90 85 75 70 64 62 60 58 100 90 86 78 72 68 66 64
18K
87 80 73 67 65 62 97 88 81 76 70 67 104 99 86 82 80 74 87 74 67 62 62 57 58 99 88 82 76 74 71 67 110 101 90 88 85 80 75 91 84 77 72 66 62 60 101 91 86 82 74 70 66 111 102 91 82 80 74 72 93 88 80 74 68 65 63 61 105 96 88 82 76 71 69 68
19K
90 86 77 71 67 64 100 93 88 80 75 71 108 101 91 84 81 75 92 86 75 68 63 64 58 105 94 85 80 78 74 71 115 102 94 90 88 85 80 98 88 79 76 69 66 63 107 100 88 84 79 75 70 116 105 95 91 84 81 75 99 89 84 79 72 69 67 62 110 101 91 85 80 76 74 72
20K
98 88 81 75 69 66 104 99 90 83 79 74 114 105 95 90 85 82 99 88 76 69 70 64 59 109 100 90 83 84 77 74 125 109 100 93 91 89 84 100 90 81 79 73 69 66 112 102 91 87 84 79 74 127 110 101 95 90 81 76 105 92 88 81 75 72 69 64 118 105 95 89 84 80 78 75
7N@6.29'
44'0"
8N@5.5'
9N@4.89'
7N@6.43'
45'0"
8N@5.63'
9N@5.0'
7N@6.57'
46'0"
8N@5.75'
9N@5.11'
7N@6.86'
48'0"
8N@6.0'
88

Depth (in.) 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64
4K
36 32 31 30 30 28 28 27 34 31 29 27 27 26 25 25 38 34 32 31 29 30 28 28 44 42 37 35 34 33 33 33 32 30 29 28 26 26 25 37 33 32 31 30 29 28 30 29 27 26 25 24 23 33 31 29 28 27 27 25 27 37 34 32 31 29 30 29 29
5K
36 32 31 30 30 28 28 27 34 31 29 27 27 26 25 25 38 34 32 31 29 30 28 28 44 42 37 35 34 33 33 33 32 30 29 28 26 26 25 37 33 32 31 30 29 28 38 34 31 31 30 28 28 33 31 29 28 27 27 25 27 37 34 32 31 29 30 29 29
6K
44 40 38 35 34 33 32 33 39 37 34 33 31 29 30 29 44 40 38 35 34 33 33 32 51 47 44 41 39 37 37 35 37 35 33 32 31 30 30 43 38 37 35 35 34 32 45 40 37 36 33 33 33 39 37 34 33 31 30 31 31 42 40 38 35 34 35 34 34
7K
48 45 41 39 37 37 36 36 45 43 38 37 35 35 33 33 51 46 44 41 40 37 37 37 61 55 49 46 44 43 41 39 42 40 38 36 34 35 34 49 43 41 40 38 38 37 51 46 43 41 40 38 36 45 41 38 38 35 35 34 35 49 46 44 42 40 38 37 38
8K
55 50 47 45 42 42 40 39 51 46 43 41 40 38 36 37 57 52 49 45 43 42 40 40 68 62 56 52 50 48 46 46 49 45 42 40 39 37 36 55 50 46 46 44 43 41 58 52 47 48 43 44 40 49 46 44 42 40 38 36 37 55 51 48 46 43 42 43 41
9K
62 56 52 49 47 45 44 42 57 52 47 45 43 41 41 39 62 58 54 52 48 47 46 45 76 68 63 57 55 52 49 47 54 50 47 45 43 42 39 59 56 52 50 48 46 45 65 59 54 51 50 48 46 56 50 48 45 43 42 41 40 63 57 54 52 49 48 46 45
10K
69 64 57 54 51 49 48 46 62 56 54 49 46 44 43 44 69 63 59 55 54 50 49 47 79 77 69 65 60 56 54 53 59 55 51 49 47 45 44 68 61 58 53 51 51 50 72 66 61 56 53 52 53 61 57 51 50 47 46 45 44 70 64 58 56 54 51 50 48
11K
77 69 62 59 55 53 52 50 69 63 57 53 51 49 48 47 78 71 65 61 57 55 53 51 84 80 79 70 66 61 58 56 63 60 54 52 50 48 46 71 65 62 60 55 53 52 77 74 65 63 57 58 55 68 62 57 53 51 50 49 47 78 69 65 59 57 55 53 51
12K
82 72 67 63 60 57 56 54 77 68 63 58 54 54 51 50 83 78 70 66 61 58 57 55 92 83 81 75 72 68 64 62 70 64 58 56 53 52 49 79 72 66 63 61 57 57 84 75 69 67 65 60 61 75 67 63 58 56 54 52 50 82 79 70 67 61 59 57 55
13K
85 79 73 67 63 63 59 57 82 71 65 62 59 56 56 52 86 83 80 72 68 63 60 59 98 87 83 82 76 73 69 65 74 69 64 60 57 55 53 85 80 73 68 65 63 61 92 87 76 70 68 66 65 78 71 65 63 60 58 56 54 91 79 73 72 67 63 60 59
14K
93 85 80 75 69 65 63 60 86 78 72 66 64 61 57 57 96 86 80 74 70 68 64 62 103 93 87 84 83 75 74 70 80 76 71 66 61 59 57 88 82 81 73 69 67 65 98 92 80 77 72 70 69 85 79 71 67 64 62 59 57 93 92 81 75 70 68 64 66
15K
99 89 85 82 74 71 67 65 94 83 79 71 68 64 62 58 101 90 86 82 76 71 68 66 110 100 93 87 85 82 76 76 86 79 73 67 67 62 60 98 87 84 76 75 72 67 104 99 87 83 80 74 72 89 80 77 72 68 65 63 61 99 93 86 82 76 71 70 66
16K
103 94 87 83 77 73 73 69 97 91 80 74 72 67 63 61 108 97 88 86 83 78 72 70 124 105 100 90 87 86 83 77 92 83 81 72 69 66 64 100 90 88 84 77 77 73 109 102 98 93 80 82 76 94 87 81 74 73 67 65 65 104 95 89 83 84 78 73 73
17K
109 99 89 84 81 80 77 73 103 96 87 78 77 71 68 65 113 100 94 92 86 82 77 75 131 112 102 95 93 92 89 83 98 88 84 77 73 71 68 105 99 93 87 82 81 77 118 106 103 102 93 82 83 99 90 85 78 77 71 69 68 110 100 94 88 86 82 77 76
18K
114 105 95 88 85 86 81 76 109 100 90 82 83 75 72 69 123 106 100 97 89 86 81 80 134 120 108 101 97 96 95 88 101 92 87 82 76 76 72 110 101 98 91 88 87 81 125 112 105 103 101 86 84 107 95 88 82 81 75 72 71 115 105 100 92 89 86 81 80
19K
125 110 100 92 90 89 85 80 115 103 95 88 85 80 76 72 134 112 102 98 95 93 85 84 132 111 103 100 99 98 95 108 100 90 85 80 80 75 116 105 102 96 94 90 85 136 120 107 104 102 94 90 110 101 92 89 82 80 76 75 126 111 104 97 95 93 85 85
20K
136 112 102 97 94 92 89 84 123 108 101 91 88 85 80 75 138 124 106 100 97 95 89 88 137 122 109 104 102 100 102 112 102 93 89 84 84 78 128 112 103 100 96 92 90 140 128 114 106 103 102 101 118 106 98 91 84 85 80 79 137 113 109 101 97 94 89 91
48'0"
9N@5.33'
8N@6.25'
50'0"
9N@5.56'
10N@5.0'
8N@6.5'
52'0"
9N@5.78'
10N@5.2'
8N@6.75'
54'0"
9N@6.0'
89

Depth (in.) 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68
4K
45 40 40 34 35 34 34 34 34 31 31 28 27 26 25 26 27 37 34 32 32 31 30 30 29 29 45 41 40 37 35 36 35 34 35 46 45 41 38 37 36 36 35 35 35 31 31 30 28 27 26 26 27 39 36 33 32 31 30 30 31 29 45 42 40 37 35 36 35 35 35
5K
45 40 40 34 35 34 34 34 34 31 31 28 27 26 25 26 27 37 34 32 32 31 30 30 29 29 45 41 40 37 35 36 35 34 35 46 45 41 38 37 36 36 35 35 35 31 31 30 28 27 26 26 27 39 36 33 32 31 30 30 31 29 45 42 40 37 35 36 35 35 35
6K
51 47 44 41 42 39 37 38 40 37 34 33 32 32 31 31 31 44 40 38 36 35 35 35 34 34 51 48 46 43 41 39 37 37 37 54 50 47 44 42 43 40 39 39 40 37 35 33 32 32 31 31 32 45 43 38 38 36 35 34 34 34 52 48 46 43 42 39 37 38 38
7K
58 53 50 47 45 44 44 40 45 43 40 38 36 35 35 35 34 50 46 44 42 41 38 38 38 37 60 55 50 47 46 45 44 40 38 65 58 53 51 48 46 46 46 44 45 43 41 39 36 35 35 35 34 52 46 44 42 41 40 38 38 38 60 55 53 48 47 45 44 42 41
8K
67 61 56 54 50 48 46 46 51 46 44 42 40 39 37 37 37 55 53 49 45 45 42 43 41 41 67 63 56 54 51 48 47 47 47 71 68 60 58 56 51 50 48 48 52 48 44 43 40 39 38 37 38 57 53 51 47 46 44 43 41 41 68 63 58 54 51 48 47 47 47
9K
76 68 62 57 56 53 50 50 56 53 49 45 44 43 42 40 40 63 59 54 52 50 48 46 45 46 76 68 64 59 56 53 52 51 49 80 73 70 65 59 57 55 54 53 56 53 50 48 46 44 42 42 41 63 60 54 52 50 48 46 45 46 76 68 67 60 58 55 54 51 50
10K
80 77 70 65 60 57 56 55 63 56 54 50 49 47 46 44 44 70 64 60 56 54 51 50 50 49 88 77 70 65 62 59 57 55 53 84 81 74 71 67 63 61 60 58 63 56 54 52 49 47 46 44 45 70 64 61 59 53 51 51 50 48 88 77 70 69 64 59 57 55 53
11K
82 80 78 71 67 63 61 60 68 62 57 55 53 51 49 48 48 78 71 65 61 58 55 53 53 52 89 81 79 71 70 63 61 60 58 87 85 82 80 72 69 65 63 63 70 64 57 56 53 51 48 48 47 78 71 65 62 60 56 56 54 52 90 89 79 72 69 65 63 61 60
12K
86 83 82 78 72 68 64 63 78 69 63 59 56 54 52 50 51 84 79 70 67 63 62 58 58 56 90 84 82 80 72 71 67 64 64 97 87 85 82 81 74 73 71 67 78 69 63 59 58 54 52 51 51 86 79 72 67 64 62 59 58 56 92 90 82 80 74 71 67 65 63
13K
93 87 84 83 74 74 72 66 78 71 69 65 60 57 56 54 53 91 84 80 72 69 64 63 62 60 97 88 85 83 80 74 73 68 67 106 98 88 86 84 82 77 76 73 78 76 70 65 60 59 56 55 55 92 83 80 72 68 65 64 61 60 98 91 86 83 81 75 75 70 67
14K
99 93 87 84 81 76 75 74 87 79 73 67 66 61 60 57 57 95 93 81 75 73 70 66 66 63 103 95 88 85 84 82 75 74 71 108 100 94 89 88 86 84 78 78 88 79 73 70 66 61 60 57 57 98 93 81 81 73 70 67 66 63 104 96 89 86 84 82 76 76 72
15K
108 101 90 87 85 82 77 76 90 84 80 72 68 65 62 61 59 100 94 87 82 76 75 72 68 67 110 102 94 88 87 86 84 77 77 123 109 102 91 90 88 87 85 80 91 86 80 74 68 67 63 62 59 101 95 88 82 76 75 72 69 67 112 103 96 89 88 86 83 78 78
16K
117 105 99 94 87 86 84 78 100 87 80 78 72 69 67 65 63 105 99 90 87 84 78 78 74 72 119 106 101 95 90 88 87 85 78 133 115 109 101 93 90 88 89 88 101 89 81 78 73 69 69 65 64 109 101 92 87 83 78 77 74 72 120 107 102 96 91 90 87 85 79
17K
124 109 104 103 94 87 85 84 103 93 88 80 78 73 71 68 67 111 101 95 90 87 82 81 78 75 125 114 105 103 95 90 88 87 84 135 124 112 103 101 94 92 91 89 104 97 90 81 78 73 72 69 68 113 102 96 91 87 82 81 78 77 129 115 106 104 96 92 89 87 85
18K
130 119 106 104 102 91 90 89 108 100 90 82 83 77 74 71 70 125 107 102 92 90 86 87 82 77 135 121 107 105 103 93 91 89 89 136 125 111 103 98 94 93 91 109 101 92 85 83 77 75 72 72 126 109 103 93 91 86 87 82 82 136 122 110 106 104 95 92 91 90
19K
138 127 112 106 103 96 93 92 112 103 94 90 85 81 78 75 73 127 112 105 99 96 94 90 87 82 140 129 116 109 104 98 94 93 90 139 130 114 107 106 98 97 95 114 105 98 91 86 81 80 76 75 136 114 106 100 96 94 90 87 86 140 130 117 110 105 99 95 94 91
20K
54'0"
10N@5.4'
8N@6.88'
9N@6.11'
55'0"
131 123 108 105 103 102 94 120 110 101 93 89 85 81 79 75 136 117 111 103 99 96 93 91 86 133 124 113 107 104 103 96 92
10N@5.5'
11N@5.0'
8N@7.0'
56'0"
9N@6.22'
140 129 113 107 105 101 97 126 111 103 94 91 85 84 79 79 139 126 114 105 100 97 93 91 89 137 125 115 108 105 103 97 93
10N@5.6'
90

PANEL POINT LOAD (THE GIRDER SELF-WEIGHT SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE PANEL POINT LOAD)
Depth (in.) 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72
4K
35 34 31 31 30 29 29 28 27 39 37 34 32 32 30 31 31 32 31 48 44 40 39 37 36 37 36 36 35 41 36 33 33 32 30 30 30 29 29 38 38 37 36 36 35 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 28 25 24 24 33 33 30 30 29 28 28 28 28 39 38 37 32 31 31 30 30 30
5K
47 41 39 37 35 34 34 34 33 39 37 34 32 32 30 31 31 32 31 48 44 40 39 37 36 37 36 36 35 47 42 42 38 38 35 36 36 34 35 40 38 38 37 36 35 35 34 33 42 41 37 35 34 33 32 30 38 42 40 36 35 34 33 33 33 32 47 47 43 39 38 38 35 35 37
6K
53 48 45 43 42 40 38 38 39 45 43 41 38 36 35 35 36 34 35 55 50 46 45 43 42 40 37 38 38 54 49 49 44 45 41 40 39 39 39 44 42 39 38 36 36 35 34 34 49 49 45 42 42 41 39 39 39 51 46 44 42 40 39 39 37 38 53 53 51 46 44 44 40 41 41
7K
60 54 52 50 48 46 44 43 43 53 49 45 43 42 41 39 38 38 39 65 57 53 50 47 46 45 44 40 40 61 58 56 50 48 46 47 44 45 45 49 47 45 44 42 40 37 37 38 55 55 52 48 47 46 43 42 41 58 53 48 48 46 45 45 42 42 64 64 58 52 52 52 47 48 48
8K
67 61 59 56 52 53 48 49 47 61 56 51 48 46 44 43 44 42 42 69 66 61 57 53 52 48 48 48 47 68 65 63 57 55 54 51 50 51 49 56 53 50 47 46 45 43 43 43 62 61 58 52 50 49 48 48 48 65 60 55 55 51 51 47 48 49 73 70 66 57 57 57 54 53 53
9K
74 68 63 61 58 56 55 54 52 67 62 57 53 52 49 48 47 45 47 79 70 69 63 59 56 53 50 51 50 79 72 67 64 59 60 56 57 56 54 62 57 55 50 49 49 47 47 46 69 69 68 58 57 55 52 51 51 73 67 62 59 57 55 55 55 51 81 81 74 64 62 62 58 57 58
10K
85 76 70 65 66 61 62 58 59 77 68 63 58 56 54 52 50 49 49 89 80 75 70 66 61 60 59 56 54 86 80 77 71 66 65 63 60 60 61 68 64 60 54 54 54 51 50 50 78 78 70 65 64 62 58 58 57 77 74 69 65 65 60 60 56 58 95 93 82 71 68 68 65 64 62
11K
88 86 77 72 70 68 63 64 62 82 75 70 64 60 58 55 53 53 53 92 90 81 77 71 70 64 62 61 60 96 87 78 79 74 69 66 64 65 62 75 70 65 61 58 58 52 53 53 91 82 80 72 67 66 64 63 61 89 79 76 71 66 66 64 62 61 98 94 94 79 75 75 70 68 66
12K
98 88 82 79 74 72 70 68 66 87 79 72 71 66 62 61 58 59 57 93 91 84 82 78 73 72 67 64 64 100 94 85 80 81 76 71 72 67 68 80 80 71 63 63 62 59 58 58 95 94 82 75 74 72 66 65 64 95 87 81 78 73 71 69 67 65 104 99 96 84 83 83 77 73 73
13K
107 99 89 84 81 75 74 72 70 93 85 80 74 72 67 63 62 62 61 100 92 88 85 81 80 74 73 68 66 109 101 92 87 81 82 77 73 74 73 86 80 78 69 68 68 60 59 60 97 96 95 80 78 76 74 72 70 103 95 88 82 79 76 76 71 72 110 102 100 90 86 86 78 80 79
14K
112 101 99 90 86 83 78 79 74 100 94 83 81 75 73 69 67 66 64 105 99 92 87 85 82 81 76 75 72 115 106 102 92 88 84 85 79 78 77 95 85 81 73 70 70 65 65 65 100 98 97 87 85 83 78 77 76 108 103 94 90 85 82 78 78 73 120 109 102 101 100 99 85 87 84
15K
124 110 103 95 91 88 85 80 82 102 98 89 86 83 77 75 71 68 68 114 104 97 91 90 88 83 82 77 77 133 115 104 100 93 90 86 87 82 80 99 90 87 77 76 76 67 68 68 105 100 98 92 89 87 80 76 78 121 108 102 95 92 86 84 79 81 135 116 110 104 102 101 91 89 91
16K
134 120 110 102 93 91 89 87 83 110 102 93 89 83 85 79 76 73 73 124 112 103 97 93 91 89 85 84 79 135 124 112 104 101 93 91 88 89 85 103 100 90 84 78 78 73 73 74 114 105 100 97 96 95 85 83 80 125 115 110 103 95 93 89 87 82 138 126 114 109 105 102 95 93 92
17K
136 125 112 104 103 95 93 89 90 123 105 100 94 93 92 83 82 77 76 131 118 108 105 99 95 94 93 87 84 134 120 110 105 97 94 93 91 92 107 102 95 93 82 78 73 75 78 124 114 107 101 97 96 85 84 84 136 125 113 106 102 96 94 91 89 137 126 115 107 106 99 98 96
18K
19K
20K
56'0"
11N@5.1'
9N@6.44'
58'0"
10N@5.8'
137 126 113 104 102 95 93 91 128 110 104 95 94 93 87 87 81 78 137 124 115 108 105 97 95 94 89 89 139 128 115 107 105 98 97 96 93 112 106 100 95 93 87 81 81 82 129 118 109 101 99 97 95 90 90 137 126 111 106 103 98 97 94 140 138 121 114 108 106 102 99
139 131 121 112 107 100 98 96 139 124 109 103 98 96 94 89 86 82 133 119 113 106 100 97 96 95 94
140 130 115 109 106 103 99 141 130 116 107 103 98 95 90 91 86 139 129 117 110 106 104 99 96 95
11N@5.27'
9N@6.67'
10N@6.0'
60'0"
137 127 114 108 104 100 99 98 125 111 104 100 97 94 82 83 88 136 125 117 108 103 99 97 90 90 139 128 122 112 105 102 101 100
141 132 126 114 108 105 102 100 137 117 109 105 99 96 94 93 93 131 123 112 108 105 101 98 96
11N@5.45'
138 129 117 109 108 107 101
12N@5.0'
140 131 117 113 110 108 104
144 141 128 120 115 111 109
91

Joist Girder Weight Pounds Per Linear Foot PANEL POINT LOAD (THE GIRDER SELF-WEIGHT SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE PANEL POINT LOAD) Span No. Of Depth Joist Spaces (in.) 48 52 56 60 14N@5.0 64 68 72 76 80 48 52 56 60 12N@5.83 64 68 72 76 80 48 52 56 60 10N@7.0 64 68 72 76 80 52 56 60 64 15N@5.0 68 72 76 80 84 52 56 60 64 14N@5.36 68 72 76 80 84 52 56 60 64 12N@6.25 68 72 76 80 84 52 56 60 64 10N@7.5 68 72 76 80 84 4K 41 39 38 37 36 37 37 37 37 36 35 33 32 32 31 31 32 33 31 30 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 43 41 40 39 40 39 39 38 41 41 39 37 37 37 37 36 36 38 35 35 34 32 32 32 33 33 34 32 30 29 29 28 29 29 29 31 5K 52 48 46 44 44 42 43 43 43 43 41 39 38 39 37 37 37 36 37 35 34 34 33 33 32 32 32 54 50 50 47 47 47 47 46 49 51 48 46 44 44 43 43 43 44 43 41 39 38 38 38 38 37 39 37 36 34 34 32 32 32 32 34 6K 62 58 56 52 51 49 49 49 49 53 48 46 45 44 43 42 43 43 44 41 39 38 38 36 37 35 36 65 62 57 58 55 55 53 54 54 60 58 56 52 52 50 49 49 50 53 48 48 46 44 43 43 43 45 45 42 40 38 38 37 37 37 37 7K 71 66 64 61 59 55 55 55 55 60 57 55 51 51 49 48 47 47 51 47 44 43 43 41 41 41 40 76 70 68 66 64 62 62 60 63 68 66 64 61 59 59 56 56 57 60 57 55 51 51 49 48 49 49 51 47 46 44 44 42 42 41 42 8K 80 77 71 69 67 65 64 63 61 70 65 62 57 58 54 54 52 52 59 54 52 49 46 46 46 44 44 88 81 79 74 72 71 70 68 70 80 77 71 69 67 65 64 63 62 67 62 62 60 58 58 55 53 55 60 54 52 49 48 47 46 46 46 9K 92 82 79 76 75 70 72 70 69 79 72 70 64 65 61 61 58 58 66 61 59 55 54 51 49 49 49 97 91 85 82 80 79 78 76 78 88 82 79 76 75 73 72 71 69 75 71 70 65 65 61 61 61 60 67 61 60 56 54 51 51 50 50 10K 101 92 89 86 83 78 80 75 77 87 81 77 73 73 68 68 64 65 74 68 62 63 57 56 56 54 52 107 101 96 95 89 87 83 84 84 101 92 92 86 83 78 78 78 78 87 79 77 72 71 69 69 65 66 72 69 65 63 60 58 57 54 54 11K 112 103 95 94 89 86 84 83 82 95 89 81 79 77 75 70 70 70 79 75 69 67 64 62 60 59 56 118 109 107 99 98 92 90 90 88 107 103 95 94 89 86 85 83 85 95 89 83 79 77 76 74 72 74 79 76 69 67 66 65 60 59 60 12K 127 109 106 102 97 95 89 91 87 105 97 90 85 82 79 79 79 75 87 80 77 71 70 66 65 62 63 129 116 113 110 106 102 100 97 96 118 109 106 102 99 98 93 90 88 101 92 91 89 82 81 79 79 77 87 76 77 71 70 70 67 65 63 13K 138 120 112 108 105 102 99 96 94 114 103 99 93 94 84 84 84 81 95 88 82 78 73 72 68 69 70 140 132 119 115 112 109 105 106 102 128 116 112 108 105 101 101 96 94 111 102 99 93 93 85 85 81 83 90 88 84 78 74 73 71 69 71 14K 131 121 114 111 108 104 105 100 126 108 104 101 95 92 90 86 85 100 93 89 83 80 75 76 73 73 143 135 122 118 117 117 115 113 140 131 118 114 111 108 104 105 107 117 108 104 101 97 96 90 88 89 100 91 89 85 80 79 76 75 72 15K 142 134 123 117 114 111 110 108 137 114 110 107 103 99 96 92 90 107 101 92 91 85 82 80 79 79 145 137 125 122 119 118 119 142 133 122 117 113 112 107 110 127 114 110 106 102 99 99 95 91 106 102 92 91 89 84 82 78 80 16K 17K 18K 19K 20K
700
144 136 124 120 117 119 111 140 127 116 112 108 105 101 97 96 116 105 100 94 91 88 85 84 81
146 139 126 123 121 121 142 136 127 118 114 110 107 106 103 126 112 105 100 95 94 90 85 86
150 139 130 127 124 132 124 120 115 113 111 107 136 117 113 105 101 97 96 92 87
144 135 132 130 142 134 126 122 115 115 113 139 128 118 110 107 98 98 99 95
154 147 140 136
144 136 126 125 122 120 142 132 129 116 110 108 100 100 100
146 140 128 127 123 125 144 136 123 120 117 116 116 138 129 116 112 108 105 101 101 100 111 102 103 96 92 90 83 83 81
152 144 137 134 132
153 148 141 138
154 151 145
163 156
750
144 138 126 125 122 123 140 131 118 114 111 109 107 105 126 112 105 104 95 94 93 87 87
147 142 129 129 129 134 131 120 117 114 113 108 127 117 113 105 103 97 97 95 88
152 145 133 135
156 149 136
134 126 123 120 119 119 137 128 114 110 106 104 99 99 100
144 136 129 126 123 120 138 129 129 116 110 108 105 101 101
92

Joist Girder Weight Pounds Per Linear Foot PANEL POINT LOAD (THE GIRDER SELF-WEIGHT SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE PANEL POINT LOAD) Span No. Of Depth Joist Spaces (in.) 60 64 68 16N@5.0 72 76 80 84 88 56 60 64 68 14N@5.71 72 76 80 84 88 56 60 64 68 12N@6.67 72 76 80 84 88 56 60 64 68 10N@8.0 72 76 80 84 88 64 68 72 76 18N@5.0 80 84 88 92 96 64 68 72 76 16N@5.63 80 84 88 92 96 64 68 72 76 14N@6.43 80 84 88 92 96 64 68 72 76 12N@7.5 80 84 88 92 96 4K 46 43 42 42 42 41 41 41 41 39 39 40 40 41 41 44 45 36 37 36 37 38 39 39 42 42 34 35 35 36 37 37 38 39 40 52 53 51 51 50 51 51 52 53 52 49 49 49 49 50 50 51 52 47 48 49 50 50 52 54 55 56 46 46 47 48 49 50 52 52 54 5K 54 53 53 49 48 47 46 46 52 49 46 45 44 44 44 47 47 43 42 40 40 40 41 40 43 44 37 38 38 36 37 38 38 40 41 65 62 60 57 56 57 55 55 56 61 58 54 55 52 53 54 52 53 53 50 50 51 52 54 55 56 57 47 47 48 49 50 52 53 54 55 6K 65 62 63 57 56 56 54 64 61 59 56 53 53 51 51 52 51 51 48 47 46 45 43 44 45 46 45 43 41 39 41 40 40 42 42 76 74 71 68 68 66 64 61 61 69 66 66 64 61 57 58 59 57 62 56 58 57 55 57 57 58 59 52 53 51 50 51 53 54 55 56 7K 76 70 70 68 72 72 70 71 69 66 64 62 60 59 57 59 58 60 58 56 55 52 49 50 50 49 51 50 47 44 44 44 43 45 44 88 87 84 85 78 75 72 71 71 78 77 75 72 69 68 68 65 66 70 71 65 65 63 63 63 61 62 61 59 57 56 53 55 55 56 57 8K 88 78 78 76 76 78 76 77 76 77 72 72 68 69 65 66 66 68 65 63 64 58 58 55 56 55 60 54 53 53 49 48 47 47 46 101 94 93 91 91 88 82 79 80 89 88 87 86 79 75 75 73 74 78 79 73 72 71 71 72 68 69 69 66 64 65 60 59 60 59 60 9K 92 90 91 81 82 81 81 81 89 83 82 81 76 76 72 74 73 75 71 70 66 66 67 61 61 60 64 61 61 56 55 55 51 51 51 112 103 103 95 96 95 94 92 93 102 93 93 92 92 88 82 83 79 90 91 81 82 77 77 74 75 76 77 71 70 69 67 66 64 65 64 10K 103 103 96 93 92 84 84 86 102 93 92 87 84 79 80 80 78 88 79 78 73 73 69 69 68 66 72 68 65 63 61 59 57 57 55 128 114 110 106 105 98 100 101 102 112 103 104 97 96 96 97 91 92 98 94 93 88 85 86 81 83 85 89 78 79 74 75 73 71 72 70 11K 113 107 105 96 95 95 93 86 108 104 96 95 96 88 88 84 85 91 89 83 80 79 76 77 72 74 77 76 70 67 65 65 63 62 61 139 131 126 117 110 110 111 105 104 123 114 105 105 103 98 98 100 102 104 105 97 96 97 91 89 91 87 92 90 91 81 82 77 78 76 75 12K 129 115 111 107 107 98 98 100 118 110 106 103 99 99 93 91 93 101 96 92 92 84 83 79 79 78 87 79 77 71 72 70 68 69 67 141 132 133 120 121 113 114 113 129 130 116 116 108 108 105 103 104 115 111 107 103 100 100 101 92 94 100 94 92 90 85 84 84 81 82 13K 139 131 120 118 109 110 111 103 129 116 112 109 108 102 101 101 99 107 103 96 94 94 88 85 84 83 90 88 84 78 77 74 72 73 71 14K 141 132 122 120 114 113 115 140 131 118 115 111 110 104 107 107 117 109 105 101 97 96 97 88 86 100 91 90 87 80 79 76 77 76 15K 16K 17K 18K 19K 20K
143 134 133 123 120 116 142 133 123 122 116 116 114 111 128 114 110 107 105 99 99 97 91 105 102 93 91 89 83 83 79 80
146 138 139 126 127 144 137 127 126 118 120 122 138 129 116 112 110 108 104 102 101 111 104 103 94 93 92 85 85 85
148 140 141 128
151 143 140
153 144
155
800
144 139 132 129 126 123 139 131 129 118 115 111 113 105 105 121 112 105 104 95 94 94 89 87
150 142 134 132 130 132 130 121 117 114 111 107 127 117 114 108 106 97 97 96 90
153 146 138 136
157 149 142
134 134 123 120 117 116 137 128 115 115 107 108 100 100 100
145 137 129 126 123 119 138 129 130 116 110 109 110 102 101
134 135 132 124 122 117 141 132 128 119 111 112 114 110 130 117 113 110 108 104 103 104 107 107 104 95 94 95 93 87 86 89
146 141 140 130 128 142 134 131 125 120 117 116 141 132 119 119 112 114 111 108 108 113 109 105 104 98 98 96 92 91
151 142 143 139
146 146
156
900
145 136 137 128 125 117 135 125 124 121 118 117 111 128 115 113 108 107 101 100 99 103
148 139 140 136 128
150 151 142 144
153 144
155
138 130 127 124 121 122 132 130 120 118 111 109 105 104 104
140 138 129 128 125 134 131 120 118 113 112 112 106
144 142 133 133 134 132 122 121 115 115 118
147 146 136
150 153
136 137 127 124 118 119
138 139 130 129 120
93

PANEL POINT LOAD (THE GIRDER SELF-WEIGHT SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE PANEL POINT LOAD) No. Of Depth Span Joist Spaces (in.) 72 76 80 20N@5.0 84 88 92 96 72 76 80 18N@5.55 84 88 92 96 72 76 80 1000 16N@6.25 84 88 92 96 72 76 80 15N@6.67 84 88 92 96 72 76 80 12N@8.33 84 88 92 96 4K 72 72 73 74 74 75 76 71 71 72 73 73 74 74 70 71 71 72 72 73 74 71 72 73 75 76 77 78 69 70 70 72 73 74 74 5K 73 74 74 75 76 77 78 72 72 73 73 74 75 76 72 72 72 73 73 74 75 72 73 74 76 78 78 80 70 71 71 73 74 75 76 6K 89 79 80 81 78 79 80 77 78 75 75 76 77 78 73 73 74 74 75 76 77 74 75 76 78 79 80 82 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 7K 97 92 93 94 84 85 86 89 90 82 81 82 79 79 80 78 79 76 77 78 78 79 76 77 79 81 81 83 72 73 73 75 76 77 78 8K 105 105 106 97 96 97 98 102 93 92 93 90 84 86 90 90 87 84 82 82 79 84 81 83 81 82 83 84 73 74 74 76 77 78 79 9K 129 117 112 108 109 100 103 108 105 105 101 95 96 97 103 98 92 91 90 86 84 95 94 91 86 87 89 88 78 79 76 77 78 79 80 10K 141 132 128 119 115 112 112 124 116 111 108 108 105 100 109 104 105 101 95 96 98 106 97 98 98 99 90 92 85 79 80 79 79 79 81 11K 143 134 135 123 124 124 131 132 127 119 115 111 113 124 115 111 109 108 105 100 116 108 109 101 103 103 104 93 89 87 82 83 85 82 12K 13K 14K 15K 16K 17K 18K 19K 20K
147 139 138 139 142 133 134 131 124 119 131 132 118 115 110 111 112 122 119 115 113 114 107 106 100 94 93 94 92 86 87
151 153 151
158
136 137 134 125 133 134 128 122 122 114 133 131 122 124 116 117 119 104 103 101 96 97 98 90
149 140 141 144 135 134 133 125 139 138 130 127 123 121 115 106 107 108 100 99 100
142
146 138 139 135
150 142
152
141 142 130 132 126 117 118 109 111 107 104
144 141 133 129 119 119 114 113 114
147 149 134 125 120 114 115
133 123 124 120
133 126 127
139 138
General Motors, Moraine, OH
Loyola University Gymnasium, Chicago, IL
EMC Corporation, North American Manufacturing Facility, Franklin, MA
94
JOIST GIRDERS DESIGN GUIDE WEIGHT TABLE FOR JOIST GIRDERS SUPPORTING WOOD NAILER JOISTS
PANEL POINT LOAD (THE GIRDER SELF-WEIGHT SHALL BE INCLUDED IN THE PANEL POINT LOAD) Span No. Of Depth Joist Spaces (in.) 18 20 3N@8.0 22 24 20 24 4N@8.0 28 32 28 32 5N@8.0 36 40 36 40 6N@8.0 44 48 44 48 7N@8.0 52 56 40 48 8N@8.0 56 64 48 56 9N@8.0 64 72 56 64 10N@8.0 72 80 4K 17 18 18 18 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 18 19 21 20 20 20 27 26 26 25 31 30 30 30 34 35 35 35 5K 17 18 18 18 19 18 18 18 20 19 19 18 23 21 20 20 26 24 23 22 34 30 27 27 36 33 31 30 40 39 37 37 6K 18 18 18 18 21 19 18 18 23 21 19 19 26 25 22 22 29 27 27 25 40 35 31 29 41 37 34 33 45 44 43 42 7K 19 18 18 18 24 21 19 19 26 24 22 21 30 27 25 25 33 31 31 29 46 38 36 32 46 43 42 41 51 49 48 45 8K 20 19 19 19 28 25 21 20 30 28 27 27 35 31 28 28 38 36 33 31 52 43 39 38 53 48 46 46 59 54 52 51 9K 21 20 19 19 30 25 24 21 34 29 28 27 37 35 32 31 41 38 37 35 59 47 44 41 60 54 53 49 66 62 58 57 10K 23 21 20 20 33 28 25 24 39 33 30 28 41 40 40 34 45 42 39 39 66 54 49 44 67 61 57 55 75 64 59 58 11K 24 23 21 20 36 31 28 25 41 36 32 30 45 41 40 37 50 46 43 41 67 61 53 47 78 68 62 60 77 69 65 63 12K 26 24 24 21 39 34 28 27 45 39 38 33 48 44 42 39 54 51 47 45 74 68 56 52 90 71 65 63 89 81 74 67 13K 27 26 25 23 42 36 31 29 47 42 41 35 53 47 44 41 61 55 52 48 91 69 63 58 92 79 74 67 95 83 80 71 14K 30 27 26 25 45 39 35 31 51 45 41 38 57 52 48 44 61 62 56 54 92 76 64 59 94 81 75 69 102 89 81 77 15K 34 29 27 26 50 41 37 32 54 47 43 39 60 54 49 49 68 62 59 55 103 77 71 66 105 93 81 76 105 97 88 87 16K 34 31 29 27 54 43 38 36 60 52 46 42 64 61 55 49 73 69 63 60 105 93 82 67 106 96 85 80 110 104 98 91 17K 36 34 31 29 57 47 40 37 60 54 48 45 68 61 58 54 76 70 67 64 106 94 83 75 117 107 94 84 117 105 99 93 18K 37 34 31 30 58 49 43 39 68 57 52 47 78 69 62 56 77 75 71 65 111 97 85 75 122 108 96 88 126 112 106 101 19K 39 37 35 31 65 51 43 40 68 61 54 49 80 69 63 60 91 78 76 73 117 107 94 84 128 109 100 99 136 114 112 103 20K 42 37 36 34 65 57 48 42 73 62 55 53 83 73 70 64 93 92 78 73 127 108 96 87 129 119 109 100 137 130 118 110
240
320
400
480
560
640
720
800
Home Depot, Bakersfield, CA
95
RECOMMENDED CODE OF STANDARD PRACTICE FOR STEEL JOISTS AND JOIST GIRDERS
Adopted by the Steel Joist Institute April 7, 1931 Revised to May 1, 2001 Effective August 1, 2002
SECTION 1.
GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
The practices and customs set forth herein are in accordance with good engineering practice, tend to insure safety in steel joist and joist girder construction, and are standard within the industry. There shall be no conflict between this code and any legal building regulation. This code shall only supplement and amplify such laws. Unless specific provisions to the contrary are made in a contract for the purchase of steel joists or Joist Girders, this code is understood to govern the interpretation of such a contract.
1.6 PERFORMANCE TEST FOR K-SERIES STEEL JOIST CONSTRUCTION

When job tests on a structure are required, joists shall have bridging and top deck applied as used. In addition to the full dead load, the test panel shall sustain for one hour a test load of 1.65 times the design live load. After this test load has been removed for a minimum of 30 minutes, the remaining deflection shall not exceed 20% of the deflection caused by the test load. The weight of the test panel itself shall constitute the dead load of the construction and shall include the weight of the joists, bridging, top deck, slab, ceiling materials, etc. The design live load shall be the live load specified and in no case shall it be more than the published joist capacity less the dead load. The cost of such tests shall be borne by the purchaser.
1.2 APPLICATION
This Code of Standard Practice is to govern as a standard unless otherwise covered in the architects and engineers plans and specifications.
SECTION 2.
1.3 DEFINITION
a) The term Seller as used herein is defined as a company engaged in the manufacture and distribution of steel joists, joist girders and accessories. b) The term Material as used herein is defined as steel joists, joist girders and accessories. c) Bay dimensions for the purpose of steel joist erection are defined in Appendix "A":
JOISTS AND ACCESSORIES

2.1 STEEL JOISTS AND JOIST GIRDERS
Steel joists and joist girders shall carry the designations and meet the requirements of the applicable Steel Joist Institute Specification and Table of latest adoption. K-Series joists are furnished with parallel chords only, and with minimum standard end bearing depth of 2 inches (64 mm). LH- and DLH-Series joists are furnished either underslung or square ended, with top chords either parallel, pitched one way or pitched two ways. Underslung types are furnished with standard end bearing depth of 5 inches (127 mm) for LH-Series. DLH-Series are furnished with standard end bearing depths of 5 inches (127 mm) for section numbers thru 17 and 7 inches (191 mm) for section numbers 18 and 19. The standard pitch is inch in 12 inches (1:96). The nominal depth of a pitched longspan joist is taken at the center of the span. Joist girders are furnished either underslung or square ended with top chords either parallel, pitched one way or pitched two ways. Under-slung types are furnished with a standard end bearing depth of 7 inches (191 mm). The standard pitch is inch in 12 inches (1:96). The nominal depth of a pitched Joist Girder is taken at the center of the span. Because Longspan and Deep Long Span joists may have exceptionally high end reactions, it is recommended that the supporting structure be designed to provide a minimum unit bearing pressure of 750 pounds per square inch (5171 kilo Pascal).
1.4 DESIGN
In the absence of ordinances or specifications to the contrary, all designs prepared by the specifying professional shall be in accordance with the applicable Steel Joist Institute Specifications and Load Table of latest adoption.
1.5 RESPONSIBILITY FOR DESIGN AND ERECTION

When material requirements are specified, the seller shall assume no responsibility other than to furnish the items listed in Section 5.2 (a). When material requirements are not specified, the Seller shall furnish the items listed in Section 5.2 (a) in accordance with applicable Steel Joist Institute Specifications of latest adoption, and this code. The Seller shall identify material by showing size and type. In no case shall the Seller assume any responsibility for the erection of the item furnished.
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2.2 SLOPED END BEARINGS
Where steel joists or joist girders are sloped, beveled ends or sloped shoes may be provided where the slope exceeds inch in 12 inches (1:48). For Open Web steel joists, K-Series, bearing ends will not be beveled for slopes of inch or less in 12 inches (1:48). is recommended for spans up to and including 60 feet (18288 mm) except where Code requirements for erection stability and/or the Steel Joist Institute Specifications require bolted diagonal bridging. LH- and DLH-Series Joists exceeding 60 feet (18288 mm) in length shall have bolted diagonal bridging for all rows. Refer to Section #6 in the K-Series Specifications and Section #105 in the LH/DLH- Specifications for Erection Stability requirements. The /r ratio for horizontal bridging shall not exceed 300. The material sizes shown in TABLES 2.5.1(a) and 2.5.1(b) meet the criteria. Horizontal bridging shall consist of two continuous steel members, one of which is attached to the top chord and the other attached to the bottom chord. (c) Diagonal cross bridging consisting of angles or other shapes connected to the top and bottom chords, of K-, LH-, and DLH-Series Joists shall be used when required by the applicable Steel Joist Institute standards and specifications of latest adoption. Diagonal bridging, when used, shall have an /r ratio not exceeding 200. When the bridging members are connected at their point of intersection, the material sizes in Table 2.5.2 will meet the above specification.
* Refer to Appendix B for OHSA steel joist erection stability requirements.
2.3 EXTENDED ENDS

Steel joist extended ends shall be in accordance with Manufacturers Standard and shall meet the requirements of the Steel Joist Institute specification of latest adoption.
2.4 CEILING EXTENSIONS

Ceiling extensions shall be furnished to support ceilings which are to be attached to the bottom of the joists. They are not furnished for the support of suspended ceilings. The ceiling extension shall be either an extended bottom chord element or a loose unit, whichever is standard with the manufacturer, and shall be of sufficient strength to properly support the ceiling.
2.5 BRIDGING AND BRIDGING ANCHORS*

(a) Bridging standard with the manufacturer and complying with the applicable Steel Joist Institute specification of latest adoption shall be used for bridging all joists furnished by the manufacturer. Positive anchorage shall be provided at the ends of each bridging row at both top and bottom chords. (b) For the K- and LH-Series Joists horizontal bridging
TABLE 2.5.1a
K- SERIES JOIST MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR HORIZONTAL BRIDGING
Round Rod SECTION NUMBER* 1/2 round (13mm) r = .13 1 thru 9 10 11 and 12 3- 3 (991mm) 3- 0 (914 mm) 2- 7 (787mm) 1 x 7/64 (25mm x 3mm) r = .20 5- 0 (1524mm) 4- 8 (1422mm) 4- 0 (1219mm)
**BRIDGING MATERIAL SIZE Equal Leg Angles

1-1/4 x 7/64 (32mm x 3mm) r = .25 6- 3 (1905mm) 6- 3 (1905mm) 5- 8 (1727mm) 1-1/2 x 7/64 (38mm x 3mm) r = .30 7- 6 (2286mm) 7- 6 (2286mm) 7- 6 (2286mm) 1-3/4 x 7/64 (45mm x 3mm) r = .35 8- 7 (2616mm) 8- 7 (2616mm) 8- 7 (2616mm) 2 x 1/8 (51mm x 3mm) r = .40 10- 0 (3048mm) 10- 0 (3048mm) 10- 0 (3048mm) 2-1/2 x 5/32 (64mm x 4mm) r = .50 12- 6 (3810mm) 12- 6 (3810mm) 12- 6 (3810mm)
* Refer to last digit(s) of Joist Designation ** Connection to Joist must resist 700 pounds (3114 N)
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TABLE 2.5.1b
LH SERIES JOISTS MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR HORIZONTAL BRIDGING SPANS OVER 60' REQUIRE BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING **BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE (EQUAL LEG ANGLE)
Section Number* 02, 03, 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 x 7/64 (25mm x 3mm) r = .20" 4' 7" (1397mm) 4' 1" (1245mm) 3' 9" (1143mm) 1-1/4 x 7/64 (32mm x 3mm) r = .25" 6' 3" (1905mm) 5' 9" (1753mm) 5' 1" (1549mm) 4' 6" (1372mm) 4' 1" (1245mm) 3' 9" (1143mm) 1-1/2 x 7/64 (38mm x 3mm) r = .30" 7' 6" (2286mm) 7' 6" (2286mm) 6' 8" (2032mm) 6' 0" (1829mm) 5' 5" (1651mm) 4' 11" (1499mm) 4' 3" (1295mm) 4' 0" (1219mm) 1-3/4 x 7/64 (45mm x 3mm) r = .35" 8' 9" (2667mm) 8' 9" (2667mm) 8' 6" (2590mm) 7' 8" (2337mm) 6' 10" (2083mm) 6' 3" (1905mm) 5' 5" (1651mm) 5' 1" (1549mm) 2 x 1/8 (51mm x 3mm) r = .40" 10' 0" (3048mm) 10' 0" (3048mm) 10' 0" (3048mm) 10' 0" (3048mm) 8' 11" (2118mm) 8' 2" (2489mm) 7' 1" (2159mm) 6' 8" (2032mm) 2-1/2 x 5/32 (64mm x 4mm) r = .50" 12' 4" (3759mm) 12' 4" (3759mm) 12' 4" (3759mm) 12' 4" (3759mm) 12' 4" (3759mm) 12' 4" (3759mm) 11' 0" (3353mm) 10' 5" (3175mm)
* Refer to last two digits of Joist Designation ** Connection to Joist must resist force listed in Table 104.5.1
TABLE 2.5.2
K, LH & DLH SERIES JOISTS MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR DIAGONAL BRIDGING BRIDGING ANGLE SIZE (EQUAL LEG ANGLE)
JOIST DEPTH 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 1 x 7/64 (25mm x 3mm) r = .20" 6' 6" (1981mm) 6' 6" (1981mm) 6' 6" (1981mm) 6' 6" (1981mm) 6' 5" (1955mm) 6' 4" (1930mm) 6' 4" (1930mm) 6' 3" (1905mm) 6' 2" (1879mm) 6' 2" (1879mm) 6' 1" (1854mm) 1-1/4 x 7/64 (32mm x 3mm) r = .25" 8' 3" (2514mm) 8' 3" (2514mm) 8' 2" (2489mm) 8' 2" (2489mm) 8' 2" (2489mm) 8' 1" (2463mm) 8' 1" (2463mm) 8' 0" (2438mm) 8' 0" (2438mm) 7' 11" (2413mm) 7' 10" (2387mm) 7' 9" (2362mm) 7' 7" (2311mm) 7' 5" (2260mm) 7' 3" (2209mm) 1-1/2 x 7/64 (38mm x 3mm) r = .30" 9' 11" (3022mm) 9' 11" (3022mm) 9' 10" (2997mm) 9' 10" (2997mm) 9' 10" (2997mm) 9' 10" (2997mm) 9' 9" (2971mm) 9' 9" (2971mm) 9' 8" (2946mm) 9' 8" (2946mm) 9' 7" (2921mm) 9' 6" (2895mm) 9' 5" (2870mm) 9' 3" (2819mm) 9' 2" (2794mm) 9' 0" (2743mm) 8' 10" (2692mm) 8' 7" (2616mm) 8' 5" (2565mm) 8' 2" (2489mm) 8' 0" (2438mm) 1-3/4 x 7/64 (45mm x 3mm) r = .35 11' 7" (3530mm) 11' 7" (3530mm) 11' 6" (3505mm) 11' 6" (3505mm) 11 ' 6" (3505mm) 11' 6" (3505mm) 11' 5" (3479mm) 11' 5" (3479mm) 11' 5" (3479mm) 11' 4" (3454mm) 11' 4" (3454mm) 11' 3" (3429mm) 11' 2" (3403mm) 11' 0" (3352mm) 10' 11" (3327mm) 10' 9" (3276mm) 10' 8" (3251mm) 10' 6" (3200mm) 10' 4" (3149mm) 10' 2" (3098mm) 10' 0" (3048mm) 2 x 1/8 (45mm x 3mm) r = .40"
13' 0" (3962mm) 12' 11" (3973mm) 12' 10" (3911mm) 12' 9" (3886mm) 12' 8" (3860mm) 12' 7" (3835mm) 12' 5" (3784mm) 12' 4" (3759mm) 12' 2" (3708mm) 12' 0" (3657mm) 11' 10" (3606mm)
MINUMUM A307 BOLT REQUIRED FOR CONNECTION SERIES *SECTION NUMBER A307 BOLT DIAMETER K ALL 3/8" (5mm) LH/DLH 2 12 3/8" (5mm) LH/DLH 13 17 1/2" (12mm) DLH 18 & 19 5/8" (15mm) *Refer to last digits of joist designation.
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2.6 HEADERS
Headers for Open Web Steel Joists, K-Series as outlined and defined in Section 5.2 (a) shall be furnished by the Seller. Such headers shall be any type standard with the manufacturer. Conditions involving headers shall be investigated and, if necessary, provisions made to provide a safe condition. Headers are not provided for Longspan steel joists, LH-Series, and Deep Longspan steel joists, DLH-Series. The joist manufacturer shall not be responsible for the condition of the paint if it is not properly protected after delivery.
SECTION 4.
INSPECTION
All joist and joist girder inspections shall be made in accordance with the provision for inspection in the applicable Steel Joist Institute specification of latest adoption.
2.7 BOTTOM CHORD LATERAL BRACING FOR JOIST GIRDERS

Bottom chord lateral bracing shall be furnished when l/ry of the bottom chord exceeds 240. The lateral bracing shall be that which is standard with the manufacturer, and shall be of sufficient strength to properly resist any lateral force exerted by the bottom chord of the joist girder.
SECTION 5.
ESTIMATING
5.1 PLANS FOR BIDDING
Plans to serve as the basis for bids shall show the character of the work with sufficient clarity to permit making an accurate estimate and shall show the following: Designation and location of materials (See Section 5.2 [a] ) Locations and elevations of all steel and concrete supporting members and bearing walls. Location and length of joist extended ends. Location and size of all openings in floors and roofs. Location of all partitions. Location and magnitude of concentrated loads as defined in Section 5.5. Construction and thickness of floor slabs, roof deck, ceilings and partitions. Joists or joist girders requiring extended bottom chords. Paint, if other than manufacturers standard.
SECTION 3.
MATERIALS
3.1 STEEL
The steel used in the manufacture of joists and joist girders shall comply with the applicable Steel Joist Institute specification of latest adoption.
3.2 PAINT
(a) Standard Shop Paint The shop coat of paint, when specified, shall comply with the applicable Steel Joist Institute specification of latest adoption. (b) Disclaimer The typical shop applied paint that is used to coat steel joists and joist girders is a dipapplied, air-dried paint. The paint is intended to be an impermanent and provisional coating which will protect the steel for only a short period of exposure in ordinary atmospheric conditions. Since most steel joists and joist girders are painted using a standard dip coating, the coating may not be uniform and may include drips, runs, and sags. Compatibility of any coating including fire protective coatings applied over a standard shop paint shall be the responsibility of the specifier and or painting contractor. The shop applied paint may require field touch-up/repair as a result of, but not limited to, the following: 1. Abrasions from: Bundling, banding, loading and unloading, chains, dunnage during shipping, cables and chains during erection, bridging, installation, and other handling at the jobsite NOTE: Rusting should be expected at any abrasion. 2. Dirt 3. Diesel smoke 4. Road salt 5. Weather conditions during storage
5.2 SCOPE OF ESTIMATE

(a) Unless otherwise specified, the following items shall be included in the estimate, and requirements shall be determined as outlined in Section 5.3 through 5.5. Steel Joists Joist Girders Joist Extended Ends Ceiling Extensions. Extended bottom chord used as strut. Bridging and bridging anchors. Joist Girder bottom chord bracing. Headers which are defined as members supported by and carrying Open Web steel joists, K-Series. One shop coat of paint, when specified, shall be in accordance with Section 3.2. (b) The following items shall not be included in the estimate but may be quoted and identified as separate items:
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Headers for Longspan Steel Joists, LH-Series. Headers for Deep Longspan Steel Joists, DLH-Series. Reinforcement in slabs over joists. Centering material and attachments. Miscellaneous framing between joists for openings at ducts, dumbwaiters, ventilators, skylights, etc. Loose individual or continuous bearing plates and bolts or anchors for such plates. Erection bolts for joist and joist girder end anchorage. Horizontal bracing in the plane of the top and bottom chords from joist to joist or joist to structural framing and walls. Wood nailers. Moment plates. valid for use in selecting joist girder sizes for gravity conditions that can be expressed in kips (Kilo Newton) per panel point on the Joist Girder. When joist girders are required to support unequal panel point loads or other special loads, a joist girder load diagram shall be provided by the specifying professional on the structural drawings with these point loads clearly shown. Loads such as Bulb Ts, purlins, partitions, heavy pipes, monorail or tramrail type carrier, etc., running normal to the length of the joist, or a mechanical unit mounted on the joist, are concentrated loads. Where concentrated loads occur, the joist must be selected to carry the full combination of uniform load plus concentrated load. The magnitude and location of these concentrated loads shall be shown on the structural drawings when, in the opinion of the specifying professional, they may require special consideration by the manufacturer. Such joists shall be labeled Special on the structural drawings. When steel joists are subjected to concentrated and/or varying loads, the specifying professional shall use the following procedure which will allow the: 1. Estimator to price the joists. 2. Joist manufacturer to design the joists properly. 3. Owner to obtain the most economical joists. A. Sketch the joist(s) on the structural drawings showing all loads to be supported. B. Determine the maximum moment in the joist and derive the uniform load that will produce that moment. C. Determine the maximum end reaction and derive the uniform load that will produce that reaction. D. Using the largest of the 2 uniform loads in B and C select a joist from the load table and add an SP after the joist designation. E. Place the designation under the sketch with the following note: Joist supplier to design joist to support loads as shown above.
5.3 JOIST LOCATION AND SPACING

The maximum joist spacing shall be in accordance with the requirements of the applicable SJI specification and load table of latest adoption. Where sidewalls, wall beams or tie beams are capable of supporting the floor slab or roof deck, the first adjacent joists may be placed one full space from these members. Longspan steel joists and Deep Longspan steel joists are provided with camber. These joists may have a significant difference in elevation with respect to the adjacent structure because of this camber. This difference in elevation should be given consideration when locating the first joist adjacent to a sidewall, wall beam or tie beam. Therefore, it is recommended that this joist be located one full space away from these members. Open Web steel joists, K-Series, should be no closer than 6 inches (152 mm) to these supporting walls or members. Where partitions occur parallel to joists, there shall be at least one typical joist provided under each such partition, and more than one such joist shall be provided if necessary to safely support the weight of such partition and the adjacent floor, less the live load, on a strip of floor one foot (305 mm) in width. Where such partitions extend less than one-third () of the span from the support, special spacing or additional joists shall not be required provided the loads do not exceed those in Section 5.5. When partitions occur normal to the joists, they shall be treated as concentrated loads, and joists shall be investigated as indicated in Section 5.5.
5.4 ACCESSORIES
Joist accessories standard with the manufacturer shall comply with applicable Steel Joist Institute specifications of latest adoption and shall be in accordance with Section 2 of this Code.
5.5 LOADS
The Steel Joist Institute Load Tables are based on uniform loading conditions and are valid for use in selecting joist sizes for gravity loads that can be expressed in terms of Pounds per lineal foot (Newtons per Meter) of joist. The Steel Joist Institute Weight Tables are based on uniformly spaced panel point loading conditions and are
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ESTIMATING JOIST SIZE FOR SPECIAL LOADINGS EXAMPLE: U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS
8'-0"
160 plf
500#
300#
3'-0"
6'-0"
LIVE LOAD = 180#/ft DEAD LOAD = 90#/ft
The specifying professional shall compare the equivalent uniform loads We1 & We2 to the uniform loads tabulated in the K-Series Load Table. Loads in excess of the load table loads indicate that the specifying professional shall consider using additional joists to reduce the loading or use the LH-Series Joist and make provisions for 5 deep bearing seats.
7'-0" 30'-0" RL
800#
RR
18K9 SP
Joist Supplier to design joist to support loads as shown above. 160 Total Load = (8) + (180 + 90) 30 + 500 + 800 2 + 300 = 10,300 lbs.
RL =
8 9 160 (8 ) 30 3 + (180 + 90 )(30 ) + 500 30 2 30 2 + 800 7 3 = + 300 30 30
RL = 5000 lbs. RR = 5340 lbs.
Assume RR =
We1 (L ) , 2
W e1 =
2 (5340 ) = 356 lbs/ft 30
Point of Max. Mom. = Point of Zero Shear(V) = L1 (dist. from rt. end of Jst) V = Zero = 5340 - (300 + 500 + 800) - (180 + 90)(L1) L1 = 13.85 ft. M @ L1 = 5340(13.85) - 300(10.85) 800(6.86) - 500(4.85) M = 36,903 ft. lbs. Assume M = We2 (L ) 8 (36,903 ) = 328 lbs./ft. , We2 = 8 (30)2
2
(180 + 90)(13.85)
2
Using W e1 = 356 LB/ft. @ SPAN = 30', and D = 18"
Using We1 = 356 LB/ft. @ SPAN = 30', and D = 18" Select 18K9 for total load (402) and live load (229) and call it: 18K9SP
18"
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Due consideration by the specifying professional shall be given to live loads due to: 1. Ponded rain water. 2. Excessive accumulation of snow in the vicinity of obstructions such as penthouses, signs, parapets, adjacent buildings, etc. 3. Wind uplift. 4. End moments at the joist end supports due to live and/or wind/seismic loads shall be shown on the structural drawings by the specifying professional. For moment resisting joists framing near the end of a column, due consideration shall be given to extend the column length to allow a plate type connection between the top of the joist top chord and the column. Preferably, avoid resolving joist end moment forces through the joist bearing seat connection. The structural drawings shall specify that all moment resisting joists shall have all dead loads applied to the joist before the bottom chord struts are welded to the column. The top and bottom chord moment connection details shall be designed by the specifying professional. The joist designer shall furnish the specifying professional with the joist detail information if requested. The design loads, as determined by the specifying professional, shall not be less than that specified in the applicable building codes. notice from the Buyer to the contrary. When plans are furnished by the Buyer which do not agree with the Architects bid plans, such detailed plans shall be considered as a written notice of change of plans. However, it shall be the Buyers responsibility to advise the Seller of those changes which affect the joists or joist girders.
6.4 APPROVAL
When joist placement plans are furnished by the Seller, prints thereof are submitted to the Buyer and owner for examination and approval. The Seller allows a maximum of fourteen (14) calendar days in his schedule for the return of placement plans noted with the owners and customers approval, or approval subject to corrections as noted. The Seller makes the corrections, furnishes corrected prints for field use to the owner/customer and is released by the owner/customer to start joist manufacture. Approval by the owner/customer of the placement plans, sections, notes and joist schedule prepared by the Seller indicates that the Seller has correctly interpreted the contract requirements, and is released by the owner/customer to start joist manufacture. This approval constitutes the owners/customers acceptance of all responsibility for the design adequacy of any detail configuration of joist support conditions shown by the Seller as part of his preparation of these placement plans. Approval does not relieve the Seller of the responsibility for accuracy of detail dimensions on the plans, nor the general fit-up of joists to be placed in the field.
6.5 CHANGES
When any changes in plans are made by the buyer (or Architect) either prior to or after approval of detailed plans, or when any Material is required and was not shown on plans used as the basis of the bid, the cost of such changes and/or extra Material shall be paid by the Buyer at a price to be agreed upon between Buyer and Seller.
SECTION 6.
PLANS AND SPECIFICATIONS

6.1 PLANS FURNISHED BY BUYER
The Buyer shall furnish the Seller plans and specifications showing all Material requirements, the layout of walls, columns, beams, girders and other supports, as well as floor and roof openings and partitions correctly dimensioned. The live loads to be used, the wind uplift if any, the weights of partitions and the location and amount of any special loads, such as monorails, fans, blowers, tanks, etc., shall be indicated. The elevation of finished floors and roofs and bearings shall be shown.
SECTION 7.*
HANDLING AND ERECTION

The Buyer and/or Erector shall check all materials on arrival at job site and promptly report to Seller any discrepancies and/or damages. The Buyer and/or Erector shall comply with the requirements of the applicable Steel Joist Institute specification of latest adoption in the handling and erection of Material. The Seller shall not be responsible for the condition of paint finish on Material if it is not properly protected after delivery. The Seller shall not be responsible for improper fit of Material in the case in inaccurate finish dimensions of field construction work.
* For thorough coverage of this topic, refer to SJI Technical Digest #9, Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and Joist Girders.
6.2 PLANS FURNISHED BY SELLER

The Seller shall furnish the Buyer with detailed plans and lists showing the number, type, locations, spacing, anchorage and mark of all Material as may be required for proper installation. All Material shall be identified with its mark which also appears on the bill of material. The type of shop paint, when required, shall be indicated on the drawings.
6.3 DISCREPANCIES
The specifying professionals bid plans and specifications will be assumed to be correct in the absence of written
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OPEN WEB, LONGSPAN, AND DEEP LONGSPAN STEEL JOISTS, AND JOIST GIRDERS SECTION 8.
BUSINESS RELATIONS
8.1 PRESENTATION OF PROPOSALS
All proposals for furnishing Material shall be made on a Sales Contract Form. After acceptance by the Buyer, these proposals must be approved or executed by a qualified official of the Seller. Upon such approval the proposal becomes a contract.
8.2 ACCEPTANCE OF PROPOSALS

All proposals are intended for prompt acceptance and are subject to change without notice.
8.3 BILLING
Contracts on a lump sum basis are to be billed proportionately as shipments are made.
8.4 PAYMENT
Payments shall be made in full on each invoice without retention.
8.5 ARBITRATION
All business controversies which cannot be settled by direct negotiations between Buyer and Seller shall be submitted to arbitration. Both parties shall sign a submission to arbitration and if possible agree upon an arbitrator. If they are unable to agree, each shall appoint an arbitrator and these two shall appoint a third arbitrator. The expenses of the arbitration shall be divided equally between the parties, unless otherwise provided for in the agreements to submit to arbitration. The arbitrators shall pass finally upon all questions, both of law and fact, and their findings shall be conclusive.
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REFERENCED SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS

The following documents are referenced in these Specifications and Code ASTM A6/A6M -00a ASTM A36/A36M -00a ASTM A242/242M -00a ASTM A370 -97a ASTM A529/A529M -00 ASTM A572/A572M -00 ASTM A588/A588M -00 ASTM A606 -98 ASTM A1008/A1008M -01 ASTM A1011/A1011M -00 AWS A5.1 -91 AWS A5.5 -96 AWS A5.17 -97 AWS A5.18 -93 AWS A5.20 -95 American Institute of Steel Construction Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design) June 1, 1989, Ninth Edition. American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members 1996, Supplement #1, Approved July 30, 1999 Printed June 2000 29 CFR Part 1926 Safety Standards for Steel Erection, 1926.757 Open Web Steel Joists - January 18, 2001 SJI Technical Digest #3 Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist Ponding Loads May 1971. SJI Technical Digest #5 Vibration of Steel Joist-Concrete Slab Floors, Revised March 1988. SJI Technical Digest #6 Structural Design of Steel Joist Roofs to Resist Uplift Loads, July 1998. SJI Technical Digest #8 Welding of Open Web Steel Joists, August 1983. SJI Technical Digest #9 Handling and Erection of Steel Joists and Joist Girders, July 1987. SJI Technical Digest #11 Design of Joist-Girder Frames, July 1999 Steel Structures Painting Council SSPC Paint Specification No. 15, May 1, 1999
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APPENDIX
STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE BAY LENGTH DEFINITIONS
BAY LENGTH BAY LENGTH
JOIST GIRDERS
STEEL BEAM
BAY LENGTH
BAY LENGTH
STEEL CHANNEL
STEEL COLUMN
BAY LENGTH
BAY LENGTH
STEEL COLUMN
STEEL TUBE
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APPENDIX
STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE BAY LENGTH DEFINITIONS
BAY LENGTH BAY LENGTH
STEEL TUBE
MASONRY OR TILT-UP
BAY LENGTH
BAY LENGTH
MASONRY OR TILT-UP
MASONRY WITH PILASTER
BAY LENGTH
BAY LENGTH
MASONRY OR TILT-UP BAY LENGTH
MASONRY OR TILT-UP
MASONRY WITH FACE BRICK
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APPENDIX
OSHA STEEL ERECTION STANDARD PART 1926.757 OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
1926.751 Definitions. Anchored bridging means that the steel joist bridging is connected to a bridging terminus point. Bolted diagonal bridging means diagonal bridging that is bolted to a steel joist or joists. Bridging clip means a device that is attached to the steel joist to allow the bolting of the bridging to the steel joist. Bridging terminus point means a wall, a beam, tandem joists (with all bridging installed and a horizontal truss in the plane of the top chord) or other element at an end or intermediate point(s) of a line of bridging that provides an anchor point for the steel joist bridging. Column means a load-carrying vertical member that is part of the primary skeletal framing system. Columns do not include posts. Constructibility means the ability to erect structural steel members in accordance with subpart R without having to alter the over-all structural design. Construction load (for joist erection) means any load other than the weight of the employee(s), the joists and the bridging bundle. Erection bridging means the bolted diagonal bridging that is required to be installed prior to releasing the hoisting cables from the steel joists. Personal fall arrest system means a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. A personal fall arrest system consists of an anchorage, connectors, a body harness and may include a lanyard, deceleration device, lifeline, or suitable combination of these. The use of a body belt for fall arrest is prohibited. Project structural engineer means the registered, licensed professional responsible for the design of structural steel framing and whose seal appears on the structural contract documents. Qualified person (also defined in 1926.32) means one who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project. Steel joist means an open web, secondary load-carrying member of 144 feet (43.9 m) or less, designed by the manufacturer, used for the support of floors and roofs. This does not include structural steel trusses or cold-formed joists. Steel joist girder means an open web, primary loadcarrying member, designed by the manufacturer, used for the support of floors and roofs. This does not include structural steel trusses. Structural steel means a steel member, or a member made of a substitute material (such as, but not limited to, fiberglass, aluminum or composite members). These members include, but are not limited to, steel joists, joist girders, purlins, columns, beams, trusses, splices, seats, metal decking, girts, and all bridging, and cold formed metal framing which is integrated with the structural steel framing of a building. 1926.757 Open web steel joists. (a) General. (1) Except as provided in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, where steel joists are used and columns are not framed in at least two directions with solid web structural steel members, a steel joist shall be field-bolted at the column to provide lateral stability to the column during erection. For the installation of this joist: (i) A vertical stabilizer plate shall be provided on each column for steel joists. The plate shall be a minimum of 6 inch by 6 inch (152 mm by 152 mm) and shall extend at least 3 inches (76 mm) below the bottom chord of the joist with a 13 /16 inch (21 mm) hole to provide an attachment point for guying or plumbing cables. (ii) The bottom chords of steel joists at columns shall be stabilized to prevent rotation during erection. (iii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until the seat at each end of the steel joist is field-bolted, and each end of the bottom chord is restrained by the column stabilizer plate. (2) Where constructibility does not allow a steel joist to be installed at the column: (i) an alternate means of stabilizing joists shall be installed on both sides near the column and shall: (A) provide stability equivalent to paragraph (a)(1) of this section; (B) be designed by a qualified person; (C) be shop installed; and (D) be included in the erection drawings. (ii) hoisting cables shall not be released until the seat at each end of the steel joist is field-bolted and the joist is stabilized. (3) Where steel joists at or near columns span 60 feet (18.3 m) or less, the joist shall be designed with sufficient strength to allow one employee to release the hoisting cable without the need for erection bridging. (4) Where steel joists at or near columns span more than 60 feet (18.3 m), the joists shall be set in tandem with all bridging installed unless an alternative method of erection, which provides equivalent stability to the steel joist, is designed by a qualified person and is included in the site-specific erection plan. (5) A steel joist or steel joist girder shall not be placed on any support structure unless such structure is stabilized.
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OSHA STEEL ERECTION STANDARD OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS
(6) When steel joist(s) are landed on a structure, they shall be secured to prevent unintentional displacement prior to installation. (7) No modification that affects the strength of a steel joist or steel joist girder shall be made without the approval of the project structural engineer of record. (8) Field-bolted joists. (i) Except for steel joists that have been pre-assembled into panels, connections of individual steel joists to steel structures in bays of 40 feet (12.2 m) or more shall be fabricated to allow for field bolting during erection. (ii) These connections shall be field-bolted unless constructibility does not allow. (9) Steel joists and steel joist girders shall not be used as anchorage points for a fall arrest system unless written approval to do so is obtained from a qualified person. (10) A bridging terminus point shall be established before bridging is installed. (See Appendix C to this subpart.) (b) Attachment of steel joists and steel joist girders. (1) Each end of K series steel joists shall be attached to the support structure with a minimum of two -inch (3 mm) fillet welds 1 inch (25 mm) long or with two -inch (13 mm) bolts, or the equivalent. (2) Each end of LH and DLH series steel joists and steel joist girders shall be attached to the support structure with a minimum of two -inch (6 mm) fillet welds 2 inches (51 mm) long, or with two -inch (19 mm) bolts, or the equivalent. (3) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, each steel joist shall be attached to the support structure, at least at one end on both sides of the seat, immediately upon placement in the final erection position and before additional joists are placed. (4) Panels that have been pre-assembled from steel joists with bridging shall be attached to the structure at each corner before the hoisting cables are released. (c) Erection of steel joists. (1) Both sides of the seat of one end of each steel joist that requires bridging under Tables A and B shall be attached to the support structure before hoisting cables are released. (2) For joists over 60 feet, both ends of the joist shall be attached as specified in paragraph (b) of this section and the provisions of paragraph (d) of this section met before the hoisting cables are released. (3) On steel joists that do not require erection bridging under Tables A and B, only one employee shall be allowed on the joist until all bridging is installed and anchored.
NOTE: TABLES A & B HAVE BEEN EDITED TO CONFORM WITH STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING REQUIREMENTS. EDITED ITEMS ARE SHOWN WITH A STRIKE THROUGH NOTATION. TABLE A.ERECTION BRIDGING FOR SHORT SPAN JOISTS1
Joist Span 8K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 10K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 12K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 12K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 12K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 14K1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 14K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 14K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 14K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 16K2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 16K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300 16K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 16K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 16K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 16K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 16K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 18K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 18K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 18K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 18K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 18K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 18K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 18K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 20K3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 20K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 20K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 20K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 20K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 20K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 20K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 22K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 22K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 22K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 22K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 22K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 22K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 22K11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24K4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 24K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 24K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 24K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 24K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 24K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 24K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM
NOTE: Corrections were made to the OSHA published tables according to a letter by Russell B. Swanson of OSHA dated December 19, 2002.
108

TABLE A.ERECTION BRIDGING FOR SHORT SPAN JOISTS (continued)
26K5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 26K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 26K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 26K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 26K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 26K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 26K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 28K6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 28K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430 28K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 28K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 28K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 28K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 30K7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 30K8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 30K9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 30K10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500 30K11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520 30K12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 10KCS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 10KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 10KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 12KCS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 12KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 12KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 14KCS1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 14KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 14KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 16KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 16KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 16KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 16KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 18KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 18KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 18KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 18KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 20KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 20KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 20KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 20KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 22KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360 22KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 22KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 22KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 24KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 24KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 24KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 26KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 26KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440 26KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 26KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM 28KCS2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 28KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 28KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 28KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530 30KCS3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 30KCS4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 30KCS5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 NM = diagonal bolted bridging not mandatory.
TABLE B.ERECTION BRIDGING FOR LONG SPAN JOISTS

Joist Span 18LH02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 18LH03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 18LH04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 18LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 18LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 18LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 18LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 18LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 20LH02 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 20LH03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380 20LH04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 20LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 20LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 20LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 20LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 20LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 20LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 24LH03 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 24LH04 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390 24LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400 24LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 24LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 24LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 24LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 24LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 24LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 28LH05 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420 28LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 28LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 28LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 28LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 28LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 28LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 28LH12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 28LH13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM. 32LH06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 through 600 32LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 through 600 32LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550 through 600 32LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 32LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 32LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 32LH12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 32LH13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 32LH14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 32LH15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 36LH07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 through 600 36LH08 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470 through 600 36LH09 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570 through 600 36LH10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 36LH11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 36LH12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 36LH13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 36LH14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 36LH15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NM through 600 NM = diagonal bolted bridging not mandatory.
109
(4) Employees shall not be allowed on steel joists where the span of the steel joist is equal to or greater than the span shown in Tables A and B except in accordance with 1926.757(d). (5) When permanent bridging terminus points cannot be used during erection, additional temporary bridging terminus points are required to provide stability. (See appendix C of this subpart.) (d) Erection bridging. (1) Where the span of the steel joist is equal to or greater than the span shown in Tables A and B, the following shall apply: (i) A row of bolted diagonal erection bridging shall be installed near the midspan of the steel joist; (ii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until this bolted diagonal erection bridging is installed and anchored; and (iii) No more than one employee shall be allowed on these spans until all other bridging is installed and anchored. (2) Where the span of the steel joist is over 60 feet (18.3 m) through 100 feet (30.5 m), the following shall apply: (i) All rows of bridging shall be bolted diagonal bridging; (ii) Two rows of bolted diagonal erection bridging shall be installed near the third points of the steel joist; (iii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until this bolted diagonal erection bridging is installed and anchored; and (iv) No more than two employees shall be allowed on these spans until all other bridging is installed and anchored. (3) Where the span of the steel joist is over 100 feet (30.5 m) through 144 feet (43.9 m), the following shall apply: (i) All rows of bridging shall be bolted diagonal bridging; (ii) Hoisting cables shall not be released until all bridging is installed and anchored; and (iii) No more than two employees shall be allowed on these spans until all bridging is installed and anchored. (4) For steel members spanning over 144 feet (43.9 m), the erection methods used shall be in accordance with 1926.756. (5) Where any steel joist specified in paragraphs (c)(2) and (d)(1), (d)(2), and (d)(3) of this section is a bottom chord bearing joist, a row of bolted diagonal bridging shall be provided near the support(s). This bridging shall be installed and anchored before the hoisting cable(s) is released. (6) When bolted diagonal erection bridging is required by this section, the following shall apply: (i) The bridging shall be indicated on the erection drawing; (ii) The erection drawing shall be the exclusive indicator of the proper placement of this bridging;
(iii) Shop-installed bridging clips, or functional equivalents, shall be used where the bridging bolts to the steel joists; (iv) When two pieces of bridging are attached to the steel joist by a common bolt, the nut that secures the first piece of bridging shall not be removed from the bolt for the attachment of the second; and (v) Bridging attachments shall not protrude above the top chord of the steel joist. (e) Landing and placing loads. (1) During the construction period, the employer placing a load on steel joists shall ensure that the load is distributed so as not to exceed the carrying capacity of any steel joist. (2) Except for paragraph (e)(4) of this section, no construction loads are allowed on the steel joists until all bridging is installed and anchored and all joistbearing ends are attached. (3) The weight of a bundle of joist bridging shall not exceed a total of 1,000 pounds (454 kg). A bundle of joist bridging shall be placed on a minimum of three steel joists that are secured at one end. The edge of the bridging bundle shall be positioned within 1 foot (.30 m) of the secured end. (4) No bundle of decking may be placed on steel joists until all bridging has been installed and anchored and all joist bearing ends attached, unless all of the following conditions are met: (i) The employer has first determined from a qualified person and documented in a site-specific erection plan that the structure or portion of the structure is capable of supporting the load; (ii) The bundle of decking is placed on a minimum of three steel joists; (iii) The joists supporting the bundle of decking are attached at both ends; (iv) At least one row of bridging is installed and anchored; (v) The total weight of the bundle of decking does not exceed 4,000 pounds (1816 kg); and (vi) Placement of the bundle of decking shall be in accordance with paragraph (e)(5) of this section. (5) The edge of the construction load shall be placed within 1 foot (.30 m) of the bearing surface of the joist end.
110
APPENDIX
ILLUSTRATIONS OF OSHA BRIDGING TERMINUS POINTS: NON-MANDATORY
Guidelines for complying with OSHA Steel Erection Standard, Paragraph 1926.757(a)(10) and 1926.757(c)(5)
TYP
TYP
HORIZ. BRDG.
HORIZ. BRDG.
LAG WITH SHIELD OR EMBEDDED ANCHOR
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING TERMINUS AT WALL
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING TERMINUS AT WALL
TYP TYP
HORIZ. BRDG.
HORIZ. BRDG.
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING TERMINUS AT PANEL WALL
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING TERMINUS AT STRUCTURAL SHAPE
111
ILLUSTRATIONS OF OSHA BRIDGING TERMINUS POINTS: NON-MANDATORY Guidelines for complying with OSHA Steel Erection Standard, Paragraph 1926.757(a)(10) and 1926.757(c)(5)
TYP TYP
BOLTED CONNECTION
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING TERMINUS AT STRUCTURAL SHAPE WITH OPTIONAL "X-BRIDGING"
BOLTED DIAGONAL BRIDGING TERMINUS AT WALL
TYP
BOLTED CONNECTION
TYP
BOLTED CONNECTION
112
ILLUSTRATIONS OF OSHA BRIDGING TERMINUS POINTS: NON-MANDATORY Guidelines for complying with OSHA Steel Erection Standard, Paragraph 1926.757(a)(10) and 1926.757(c)(5)
TYP
HORIZONTAL TRUSS WEBBING
TYP
JOISTS PAIR BRIDGING TERMINUS POINT
JOISTS PAIR BRIDGING TERMINUS POINT
LOOPED AROUND TOP CHORD
LOOPED AROUND TOP CHORD
INDEPENDENT TEMP. GUY CABLES
INDEPENDENT TEMP. GUY CABLES
HORIZ. BRDG.
POSITIVE ANCHORAGE POINT
POSITIVE ANCHORAGE POINT
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING TERMINUS POINT SECURED BY TEMP. GUY CABLES
DIAGONAL BRIDGING TERMINUS POINT SECURED BY TEMP. GUY CABLES
113
NOTES:
PLF SEAT STANDARDS
EXTR EXTL OAL C/C OR CLEAR
NET UPLIFT: BDL, BDR: H & K = 2 1/2 UNO

TYPE "S" EXT
BDR
SHL SHR
LH & DLH = 5 UNO Slots: H & K = 5/8, 3 1/2 Gage UNO LH & DLH = 7/8, 4 Gage UNO
TAG END: LOW END BDL CL CR 5 6 BCXR K, KCS LH, DLH
JOIST
TYPE "F" EXT
K, KCS LH, DLH
5 6 BCXL
DT = DANGER TAG (PER OSHA) LENGTHS SHOWN ARE IN HORIZONTAL PROJECTION
SEQUENCE TYPE EXTR CL CR BDL BDR SHL SHR BCXL BCXR OAL ELEV. SLOPE EXTL C/C OR CLEAR FL/ TYPE FR/ TYPE
JOIST LIST
QTY
MARK
NOTES
114
FINAL: CUSTOMER: YES NO PROJECT: PAINT: SPEC: DATE: DATE: SEQUENCE: SEQ COLOR: REV# PLANT: PROJECT# SHEET# OF DATE:
steel Corporation
TOTAL JOIST
JOIST LIST
LIST BY: CHECKED BY:
COPY 140% LARGER ON LEGAL FORMAT OR DOWNLOAD FROM canamsteel.com
NOTES:
NO
EXTL THL2 THL BDL BDR TAG END: LOW END PL PR EXTR
NET UPLIFT: YES * OSHA JOIST TO GIRDER CONNECTION WS = Welded Seats NS = Joist Bolted on Near Side FS = Joist Bolted on Far Side BS = Joist Bolted on Both Sides LENGTHS SHOWN ARE IN HORIZONTAL PROJECTION SLOTS = 7/8, 5 Gage UNO THL, THR = 5/8 Holes, 4 1/2 Gage UNO Holes for LH Series Must be Noted BDL, BDR = 7 1/2 UNO
OAL C/C OR CLEAR N
SEAT STANDARDS
*
SHR CR 6 BCXR
THR2 THR
SHL CL
GIRDER
6 BCXL
SEQUENCE TYPE EXTR CL CR BDL BDR SHL SHR BCXL BCXR THL THR PL N ELEV. SLOPE EXTL C/C OR CLEAR
JOIST GIRDER LIST
QTY
MARK
PR
OAL/ OSHA
115
FINAL: CUSTOMER: YES NO PROJECT: PAINT: SPEC: DATE: DATE: SEQUENCE: SEQ COLOR: REV# PLANT: PROJECT# SHEET# OF DATE:
steel Corporation
TOTAL GIRDERS
GIRDER LIST
DIT
DIT
DIT
WELDED X TYPES
WALL WALL WALL LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGHT WALL
BOLTED X TYPES
BOLTED H TYPES
NOTES:
LEFT
SPACE SPACE SPACE
RIGHT
TYPE 1 TYPE 3 TYPE 4 TYPE 13
TYPE 2 TYPE 14
TYPE 5 TYPE 6 TYPE 7 TYPE 8 TYPE 9 TYPE 15
NOTE FOR DIT USE + WHEN LEFT IS LOWER THAN RIGHT & USE - WHEN RIGHT IS LOWER THAN LEFT
SEQUENCE SEQUENCE SIZE 1 2 3 4 QTY MARK LENGTH SIZE REMARKS TYPE LEFT MARK SPACING LEFT DEPTH RIGHT MARK RIGHT DEPTH DIT = DIFF IN TOP
QTY
MARK
HORIZONTAL BRIDGING REMARKS
SEQUENCE 1 2 3 4 QTY MARK LENGTH
BRIDGING ANCHOR CLIPS SIZE REMARKS
SEQUENCE 1 2 3 4 QTY MARK
GIRDER KNEE BRACE / LOOSE BOTTOM CHORD LENGTH SIZE

GIRDER DEPTH JOIST DEPTH SEAT DEPTH
BRIDGING & ACCESSORIES LIST
116
SEQUENCE 1 2 3 4 BOLT / NUT / WASHER QTY SIZE 1 SEQUENCE 2 3 4 BOLT / NUT / WASHER QTY SIZE FINAL: CUSTOMER: YES NO PROJECT: PAINT: SPEC: DATE: DATE: SEQUENCE: SEQ COLOR: REV# PLANT: PROJECT# SHEET# OF DATE:
steel Corporation
TOTAL
BRIDGING LIST
Name: Address: City: Country: General Name: Contact: General Architect Name: Contact: Phone: Bidders Name: Issued For: Contact: Phone: Addendums: General Address: Bidders G. C. Arch./Eng. Address Paint City: Prov. / State: Country: General Paint: Bidders G. C. Arch./Eng. Address Paint Cleaning: Note: Bid. Doc. Respbl. Bidders G. C. Arch./Eng. Address County: ZIP / Postal Code: Bid. Doc. Respbl. Bidders Fax: G. C. Arch./Eng. Address G. C. Arch./Eng. Address Paint Engineer Fax: Bid. Doc. Respbl. Bidders G. C. Arch./Eng. Address Closing Date: Bid. Doc. Respbl. Bidders G. C. Arch./Eng. Tel.: Fax: E-mail: Address Zip Code: Deck Required: Extra / Credit: Alternate: Revision: Division: Bidders Shipping Territory: Branch Office: G. C. Arch./Eng. Address Paint County: State:
Company:
Quotation No:
Paint
Name:
Project SQ.FT. :
TAKE-OFF SHEET
Paint
General
Bid. Doc.
Respbl.
Closing Date:
Estimated Shipping Date:
Recall Date:
General
Bid. Doc.
Respbl.
117
Bid Doc. From:
Bid Doc.:
steel Corporation
Specifications:
Paint
General
Bid. Doc.
Respbl.
Sales Rep.:
Estimator: Paint
DSG Input by:
General
Bid. Doc.
Respbl.
Page 1 of
Please return this take-off sheet to the nearest Canam sales office. To locate the closest sales office to your region, please consult our Web Site at: www.canamsteel.com
Quotation No: Holes Spacing Left Options Depth Designation Span Base Length Net Uplift LL Defl. TCX Right
Project Name:
Steel Grade:
TAKE-OFF SHEET
Mark
Qty
BCX
118
SS: LS: JG: JS: Steel Deck: Exclusions:
steel Corporation
Total:
Bridging:
Inclusions:
Page
of
TAKE-OFF SHEET
Quotation No: Horizontal Bridging Type Quantity Type Project Name: Diagonal Bridging Quantity
Steel Deck Type Quantity Type
Steel Deck Accessories Quantity
Page
of
steel Corporation
119
steel Corporation
United States 1
www.canamsteel.com Plants
Maryland Head office and plant - SJI, AISC(1) 4010 Clay Street, P.O. Box C-285 Point of Rocks, Maryland 21777-0285 Telephone: (301) 874-5141 Toll free: 1-800-638-4293 Fax: (301) 874-5685 Florida Plant and sales office - SJI, AISC(1) 140 South Ellis Road Jacksonville, Florida 32254 Telephone: (904) 781-0898 Fax: (904) 781-2004 Missouri Plant and sales office - SJI, AISC(1) 2000 West Main Street Washington, Missouri 63090-1008 Telephone: (636) 239-6716 Fax: (636) 239-4135 Ohio Plant and sales office - SJI(1) 555 North Yearling Road Columbus, Ohio 43213 Telephone: (614) 235-9805 Fax: (614) 235-9901 Washington Plant and sales office - SJI, ICBO(1) 2002 Morgan Road Sunnyside, Washington 98944 Telephone: (509) 837-7008 Fax: (509) 839-7635
Sales office
Arizona 22451 North 79th Drive Peoria, Arizona 85382 Telephone: (623) 266-2193 Fax: (623) 266-2194 California 1910 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 200 Carlsbad, California 92008 Telephone: (760) 268-1018 Fax: (760) 268-1028 Florida 553 Waterside Drive Hypoluxo, Florida 33462 Telephone: (561) 547-7469 Fax: (561) 540-4679 Georgia 150 Stanley Court, Suite C Lawrenceville, Georgia 30045 Telephone: (770) 682-7815 Fax: (770) 682-9604 llinois 7501 Lemont Road, Suite 315 Woodridge, Illinois 60517-2660 Telephone: (630) 910-1700 Fax: (630) 910-1785 Indiana 610 Fairington Avenue Lafayette, Indiana 47905 Telephone: (765) 477-7764 Fax: (765) 474-4042 1166 Barksdale Avenue Peru, Indiana 46970 Telephone: (765) 689-5539 Fax: (765) 689-5541 Kansas 6803 West 64th Street, Suite 111 Overland Park, Kansas 66202 Telephone: (913) 384-9809 Fax: (913) 384-9816
Maryland P.O. Box 296 Phoenix, Maryland 21131-0296 Telephone: (410) 472-4327 Fax: (410) 472-4827 Massachusetts 50 Eastman Street Easton, Massachusetts 02334-1245 Telephone: (508) 238-4500 Fax: (508) 238-8253 Minnesota 768 - 103 Twelve Oaks Center 15500 Wayzata Blvd. Wayzata, Minnesota 55391 Telephone: (952) 475-9165 Fax: (952) 475-2710 New York 139 Hawthorne Way Chittenango, New York 13037-1010 Telephone: (315) 687-5870 Fax: (315) 687-3701 Oregon 2081 Holcomb Springs Road Gold Hill, Oregon 97525 Telephone: (541) 855-9057 Fax: (541) 855-2027 Pennsylvania 3280 St. Andrews Drive Chambersburg, Pennsylvania 17201 Telephone: (717) 263-7432 Fax: (717) 263-7542 1012 Hampstead Road Wynnewood, Pennsylvania 19096 Telephone: (610) 896-4790 Fax: (610) 896-4815 Tennessee 8620 Trinity Road, Suite 207 Cordova, Tennessee 38018 Telephone: (901) 759-1524 Fax: (901) 759-3969
Texas 2114 Crestwood Trail Mansfield, Texas 76063 Telephone: (817) 473-9333 Fax: (817) 473-0333 18777 Stone Oak Parkway, Suite 312 San Antonio, Texas 78258 Telephone: (210) 495-0105 Fax: (210) 495-0141 Virginia 13243 Harpers Ferry Road Purcellville, Virginia 20132 Telephone: (540) 668-7766 Fax: (540) 668-7767 Washington 240 N.W. Gilman Blvd., Suite G Issaquah, Washington 98027 Telephone: (425) 392-2935 Fax: (425) 392-3149 1318 E. 38th Avenue Spokane, Washington 99203 Telephone: (509) 456-4363 Fax: (509) 624-2772
Foreign offices
Romania 40
Brasov, Romania Alexandru Ion Lepadatu no 4 Brasov 2200, Romania Telephone: (40 268) 31 43 73 Fax: (40 268) 32 78 63
India 91
Kolkata, India GN 37/B, Sector V Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 091, India Telephone: (91 33) 23 57 58 65 Fax: (91 33) 23 57 59 14
works
steel
Canada 1
www.canamsteel.com Administration, Steel Sector, North America

Qubec 11505, 1re Avenue, Suite 500 Ville de Saint-Georges (Qubec) G5Y 7X3 Telephone: (418) 228-8031 Toll free: 1-877-499-6049 Fax: (418) 227-5424
Plant and sales office ISO 9002, AISC, CWB(1) 807, rue Marshall Laval (Qubec) H7S 1J9 Telephone: (514) 337-8031 Toll free: 1-800-361-3966 Fax: (450) 668-3091 Machine shop 125, rue du Parc Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce (Qubec) G0S 2V0 Telephone: (418) 397-8070 Fax: (418) 397-8017 Alberta Plant and sales office - SJI, CWB(1) 323 - 53rd Avenue S.E. Calgary, Alberta T2H 0N2 Telephone: (403) 252-7591 Toll free: 1-866-203-2001 Fax: (403) 253-7708 Ontario Plant and sales office - CWB, SJI(1) 1739 Drew Road Mississauga, Ontario L5S 1J5 Telephone: (905) 671-3460 Toll free: 1-800-871-8876 Fax: (905) 671-3924
Sales offices, Canada

British Columbia 95 Schooner Street Coquitlam, British Columbia V3K 7A8 Toll free: 1-866-203-2001 Fax: (604) 523-2181 New Brunswick 95 Foundry Street Heritage Court, Suite 417 Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 5H7 Telephone: (506) 857-3164 Fax: (506) 857-3253 Qubec 200, boulevard Industriel Boucherville (Qubec) J4B 2X4 Telephone: (450) 641-8770 Toll free: 1-800-361-0203 Fax: (450) 641-8769
Engineering and credit office 270, chemin Du Tremblay Boucherville (Qubec) J4B 5X9 Telephone: (450) 641-4000 Toll free: 1-866-506-4000 Fax: (450) 641-4001
Foreign offices
Brasov, Romania Engineering and sales office Alexandru Ion Lepadatu no 4 Brasov 2200, Romania Telephone: (40 268) 31 43 73 Fax: (40 268) 32 78 63 Kolkata, India Engineering and sales office GN 37/B, Sector V Salt Lake, Kolkata 700 091, India Telephone: (91 33) 23 57 58 65 Fax: (91 33) 23 57 59 14
Plants
Qubec Head office, plant and sales office ISO 9002, SJI, AISC, CWB(1) 115, boul. Canam Nord Saint-Gdon, Beauce (Qubec) G0M 1T0 Telephone: (418) 582-3331 Toll free: 1-888-849-5910 Fax: (418) 582-3381 Plant ISO 9002, CWB(1) 200, boulevard Industriel Boucherville (Qubec) J4B 2X4 Telephone: (450) 641-2820 Toll free: 1-800-463-1582 Fax: (450) 641-3132
steel Corporation
120
www.structal.ca Plant and sales office, Canada

Plant and sales office ISO 9001, AISC, CWB(1) 1445, rue du Grand Tronc Qubec (Qubec) G1N 4G1 Telephone: (418) 683-2561 Toll free: 1-877-304-2561 Fax: (418) 688-8512 Sales office 270, chemin Du Tremblay Boucherville (Qubec) J4B 5X9 Telephone: (450) 641-4000 Toll free: 1-866-506-4000 Fax: (450) 641-4001
www.steelplus.com Canadian offices

Qubec Main office - ISO 9001(1) 11505, 1re Avenue, bureau 500 Ville de Saint-Georges (Qubec) G5Y 7X3 Telephone: (418) 227-7833 Toll free: 1-800-764-7833 Fax: (418) 227-8587 200, boulevard Industriel Boucherville (Qubec) J4B 2X4 Telephone: (450) 641-8770 Toll free: 1-800-463-1582 Fax: (450) 641-8769 270, chemin Du Tremblay Boucherville (Qubec) J4B 5X9 Telephone: (450) 641-4000 Toll free: 1-866-506-4000 Fax: (450) 641-4001 807, rue Marshall Laval (Qubec) H7S 1J9 Telephone: (514) 337-8031 Fax: (450) 668-3091 2050, 127e Rue Ville de Saint-Georges (Qubec) G5Y 2W8 Telephone: (418) 227-7833 Fax: (418) 225-9802
Alberta 323 - 53rd Avenue S.E. Calgary, Alberta T2H 0N2 Telephone: (403) 252-7507 Toll free: 1-888-388-7833 Fax: (403) 255-7519 New Brunswick 95 Foundry Street Heritage Court, Suite 417 Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 5H7 Telephone: (506) 857-3178 Toll free: 1-800-210-7833 Fax: (506) 857-3253 Ontario 1755 Drew Road Mississauga, Ontario L5S 1J5 Telephone: (905) 671-3460 Fax: (905) 671-3924
Massachusetts 50 Eastman Street Easton, Massachusetts 02334-1245 Telephone: (508) 238-7079 Fax: (508) 238-8253 Missouri 2000 West Main Street Washington, Missouri 63090-1008 Telephone: (636) 239-6716 Fax: (636) 239-1714 Ohio 555 North Yearling Road Columbus, Ohio 43213 Telephone: (614) 235-9805 Fax: (614) 235-9901
Sales office, United States

Maryland 4010 Clay Street, P.O. Box C-285 Point of Rocks, Maryland 21777-0285 Telephone: (301) 874-5141 Telephone: 1-800-638-4293 Fax: (301) 874-5686
United States offices

Illinois 7501 Lemont Road, Suite 315 Woodridge, Illinois 60517 Telephone: (630) 910-1700 Fax: (630) 910-1785 Maryland 4010 Clay Street, P.O. Box C-285 Point of Rocks, Maryland 21777-0285 Telephone: (301) 874-5141 Fax: (301) 874-2599
(1)
Accreditation: AISC = American Institute of Steel Construction CWB = Canadian Welding Bureau ICBO = International Conference of Building Officials ISO = International Standard Organization SJI = Steel Joist Institute
grupo
Mexico 52
www.grupocanammanac.com Plants
Monterrey, NL Head office, plant and sales office SJI(1) Carretera Monterrey-Laredo km. 22.450 Cienega de Flores, Nuevo Len, Mxico C.P. 65550 Telephone: (52 81) 82 21 06 00 Fax: (52 81) 82 21 06 10 Ciudad Jurez, Chih. Plant - ICBO, SJI(1) Carretera Panamericana #9920 Colonia Puento Alto Ciudad Jurez, Chihuahua Mxico 32695 Telephone: (52 65) 66 29 09 38 Fax: (52 65) 66 33 13 48
Sales office
Chihuahua, Chih. Calle Cipres #1317 Colonia Granjus, C.P. 31160 Chihuahua, Chih., Mxico Telephone: (52 61) 44 82 18 92 Fax: (52 61) 44 82 18 91 Mxico, DF Luz Savion #13, piso 6, Colonia Del Valle Del. Benito Jurez, C.P. 03100 Mxico, DF Telephone: (52 55) 55 36 25 20 Fax: (52 55) 55 36 25 23
The project pictured on the cover page is Bridgestone / Firestone located in Graniteville, SC.
steel Corporation
121
INTERNET ADDRESSES AND WEB SITE PLAN

CANAM STEEL CORPORATION http://www.canamsteel.com STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE http://www.steeljoist.org ICBO http://www.icbo.org STEEL DECK INSTITUTE http://www.sdi.org STEEL PLUS NETWORK http://www.steelplus.com AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION http://www.aisc.org UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. http://www.ul.com FACTORY MUTUAL SYSTEM http://www.fmglobal.com
www.canamsteel.com
STEEL DECK
PURLINS AND GIRTS
Engineered Solutions Engineered Service
Future lectronique, Pointe-Claire, QC
Nova Steel Stoney Creek, ON

www.canamsteel.com
Corporate Brochure
Steel Deck (Canada)
Steel Deck (USA)
Purlins and Girts (Canada)
Purlins and Girts (USA)
Open-Web Steel Joists (Canada)
D500
D500
MD2000
MD2000

SPC No. 05260
Technical Manual
Open-Web Steel Joists (USA)
Hambro Floor System D500TM (Canada)
Hambro Floor System D500TM (USA)
Hambro Floor System MD2000 (Canada)

Architectural Bearing Walls
Hambro Floor System MD2000 (USA)
Hambro Technical Manual
expanpro
BUILDING SYSTEMS
TM
Speed Quality Expertise

Economical Fast Flexible
Speed
WELDED BEAMS
Versatility Expertise
Murox System
Sun Building System
Welded Beams
Architectural Bearing Walls
Expanpro Brochure
steel Corporation
122
the
www.canamsteel.com
www.canammanac.com
CANADIA
WELDING
BUREAU
AP
PR O VAL
Steel Plus Network
Steel Joist Institute
www.steelplus.com
Canadian Welding Bureau
Canadian Institute of Steel Construction
International Conference of Building Officials
Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
American Institute of Steel Construction inc.
Printed in Canada 03/2003

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Wynnewood Baltimore Point of Rocks Purcellville Virginia Beach

Los Angeles Carlsbad Peoria

West Palm Beach Hypoluxo Deerfield Beach

Saint-Gdon, Quebec Boucherville, Quebec Calgary, Alberta Mississauga, Ontario

10 Monterrey, Nuevo Len 11 Ciudad Jurez, Chihuahua

Excellent relations with our personnel

First quality products: non-negotiable

Clean and orderly working environment

Good corporate citizen

PLANT AND PRODUCT CERTIFICATIONS

SJI: AISC: CWB: ISO: UL: ULC: ICBO:

Steel Deck Hambro Steel Deck Hambro

Steel Deck Hambro Steel Deck Steel Deck

Steel Deck Hambro Steel Deck Steel Deck Plant

FM: Cbd: Cbr: P: F:

ENGINEERING & DRAFTING

DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

COMBINED BRIDGING TABLES

Over Over Over Over Over

thru 52 thru 56 thru 60 thru 60 thru 60

MAXIMUM JOIST SPACING FOR HORIZONTAL BRIDGING

DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

COMBINED BRIDGING TABLES

BRIDGING BOLT SIZES SECTION NUMBER

MINIMUM BOLT SIZE

LH-DLH *SECTION NUMBER

MAX. SPACING OF LINES OF BRIDGING

HORIZONTAL BRACING FORCE

BRIDGING TABLE SECT. NO.

1-3/8 CF 1-1/4 HR r = .25

1-5/8 CF 1-1/2 HR r = .30

1-7/8 CF 1-3/4 HR r = .35

SECTION NUMBER* 02, 03, 04 05 - 06 07 - 08 09 - 10 11 - 12 13 - 14 15 - 16 17

DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

GIRDER AND JOIST CONNECTIONS

3/4 BOLTS 4 GA, @ LH & DLH 1/2 BOLTS 3-1/2 GA, @ K

3/4 BOLTS 4 GA, @ LH & DLH 1/2 BOLTS 3-1/2 GA, @ K

DLH18 and DLH19 will have girder standards.

DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

GIRDER AND JOIST BEARING

2 1/8 1 TYP MIN

1/4 1/4 1/8 1/8 1 1

LH SERIES TYP. MIN.

K SERIES TYP. MIN.

WELDED-X BRIDGING SEE PLAN FOR PIECE MARK

DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

OF PANEL POINT MORE THAN 3 OF POINT LOAD

TYPICAL JOIST REINFORCEMENT AT CONCENTRATED LOADS

FULL DEPTH CANTILEVER END

FIRST BOTTOM CHORD PANEL POINT

DETAILING WITH OPEN WEB STEEL JOISTS

Interior Shoe Depth

Exterior Shoe Depth

Exterior Shoe Depth

Shoe Depth at gridline

Interior Shoe Depth

Interior Shoe Depth

Shoe Depth at gridline Shoe Depth at gridline

Exterior Shoe Depth

Shoe Depth at gridline

MINIMUM SHOE DEPTH AT GRIDLINE (in.)

Interior Shoe Depth