Strictly according to the Syllabus of Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya

(RGPV), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (India)

Pawan Thakur
M.C.A., M.Phil. (Computer Science),
Secretary SCIT Group of Institutions, Bhopal
Asst. Professor & H.O.D,
Department of Computer App. & Information Tech.,
Vidyasagar Institute of Management, Bhopal (M.P.)

Roohi Ali
M.C.A , M.Phil (Computer Science),
Faculty, Department of M.C.A.
Govt. Geetanjali Girls P.G. College, Bhopal (M.P.)

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AUTHORs PREFACE
This book is intended basic concepts of Cloud Computing. The Cloud Computing
and Web are disruptive technologies and the technology is changing, developing,
and improving with breathtaking speed. Cloud Computing will have a greater effect
on our lives than the PC revolution and the dot-com revolution combined. This
book details how to go beyond the theory and build industrial strength robust
and highly scalable cloud computing applications for the enterprise. We discuss:
Whose platforms are available today? What tools facilitate development? How to
fit the different pieces together etc. We look at actual case studies, and examine
costs, technologies, and problems that were overcome.
Each chapter of this book contains student learning activities to give the readers a
chance to enhance the learning process. This book on cloud computing has been
written for the undergraduate students of B.E. (CS/IT). and B. Tech. and postgraduate
students of M.C.A., M.E. & M. Tech. (CS/IT), and similar courses of various
Universities of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana,
Punjab and other Indian Universities. This book is divided into 10 chapters & 6
experiments.
Chapter 1 & 2, presents the basics of Cloud Computing, Vision of Cloud Computing,
Cloud computing environments, Cloud and dynamic infrastructure, Cloud Adoption
and rudiments and overview of cloud applications: ECG Analysis in the cloud,
Protein structure prediction, Gene Expression Data Analysis, Satellite Image
Processing, CRM and ERP, Social networking etc.
In Chapter 3 & 4, We deal with, Cloud Computing Architecture, NIST Cloud
Computing Reference Architecture, IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture,
DMTF Cloud Service Reference Architecture, CSA Reference Model, CISCO Cloud
Reference Architecture, Cloud Reference Model, Types of Clouds, Cloud
Interoperability & Standards, Scalability and Fault Tolerance, Cloud Solutions, Cloud
Ecosystem, Cloud Business Process Management, Cloud Service Management,
Cloud Offerings and Virtual Desktop Infrastructure.
Chapter 5 & 6, deals with the concepts of Cloud Management & Virtualization
Technology, Resiliency, Provisioning, Concepts of Map reduce , Cloud Governance,
High Availability and Disaster Recovery. Virtualization, virtualization Hypervisor
management software, Virtual LAN(VLAN) and Virtual SAN(VSAN) and their
benefits.
Chapter 7 & 8 we present the theoretical and practical concepts of Cloud Security,
Cloud security services, Design principles, Secure Cloud Software Requirements,
Policy Implementation, Cloud Computing Security Challenges, Virtualization security
Management and different Cloud Computing Security Architecture, CSA Cloud

Security Reference Model, NIST Security Reference Architecture, IBM Security

Framework etc.
In Chapter 9 & 10 we evaluate and examine Market Based Management of Clouds,
Federated Clouds Cloud, Third Party Cloud Services, and Case study of Google
App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Hadoop, Amazon, Aneka etc.
Finally, the practical manual provided, covered experiments as per syllabus of RGPV,
Bhopal (MP) with diagram, theory behind practicals and procedure.
The authors will be pleased to receive any comments, constructive criticism as
suggestions made by teachers and students for any improvement needed for the
book.
Pawan Thakur
Roohi Ali

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We have helped by our parents, teachers, colleagues and students too many name but are
very special who have assisted us pointed our thinking by cheerfully providing challenging
comments and questions.
First of all I would like to extend remarkable thanks to my parents and family members. I
deeply and profoundly thank my father Late Shri Hari Chand Ji Thakur who was encouraging
me to strive for the best, his contribution will be remembered forever. I am thankful to my
mother Mrs. Kunta Devi, without their blessing and valuable support this could not achievable.
My special thanks are due to my wife Ms. Sikkma Devi my amazing brother Mr. Ram Krishan
and his wife Ms. Jyoti Thakur. My extraordinary thanks are due to my cute son Master Sarthak
Thakur- and my brother's little son Master Kshitij Thakur without you this would not have
been possible.
The editorial and Computer Department of M/s Satya Prakashan specially Dr. Dheeraj Vasu
would like to join the authors in thanking of following reviewers whose comments and
suggestions have helping us to bring the text to its present form.

Dr. S.K. Gandhi, Joint Controller, M.P. Professional Examination Board, Bhopal, (MP)

Shri Suresh Jain IAS (Rtd.), MD, Vidyasagar Institute of Management and Dr. Vikas
Saraf, Director, Vidyasagar Institute of Management, Bhopal.

Prof (Dr.) Mohanlal Chhipa, Honorable Vice Chancellor, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Hindi
Vishwavidyalaya Bhopal.

Dr. S.K. Vijay, Chairman Department of Computer Science, Barkatullah University, and
HOD (Physics & CS), Govt. Geetanjali Girls P G College, Bhopal.

Dr. Sanjay Bhatt, HOD, Department of MCA & Dr. M.K Singhai, Asst. Professor,
Department of Commerce, Govt. Geetanjali Girls College, Bhopal.

Shri Uday Singh Rawat, MD, SCIT Group of Institutions, Bhopal.

Dr. R.S. Thakur, Associate Professor & Dr. G.S. Thakur, Assistant Professor, Department
of MCA, MANIT, Bhopal.

Shri Uday Chourasia, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, UIT, RGTU,
Bhopal.

Ms. Shilpa Saxena, Assistant Professor, Department of MCA, T.I.T., Bhopal.

Shri Amit Sinhal, M.Tech. Coordinator (CS & IT), T.I.T., Bhopal.

Aakash Tiwari, TPO & Assistant Professor, Department of M.B.A, SIRT, Bhopal.

Dr. Deepti Maheshwari, Research Coordinator, Ms. Sangeeta Jauhari, Research convener,
Ms. Ambika and Gajendra Vaikar, Asst. Professor, Department of CS, AISECT University,
Bhopal.

Shri Rishikesh Rawat, HOD, Department of Computer Science & Engg., Bansal College
Mandideep, Bhopal.

Shri Ram Rath Thakur, Shali Ram, Mast Ram, Raj Mal Thakur, Pratap Singh, Dalel Singh,
Bhag Singh Attri, Amrit Lal, Vivek Sharma, Praveen & Jeewan Thakur.

Shri Ram Kumar, Maya Ram Atal and R.K. Malviya, Department of MCA, & Manohar

Lalwani, K.K. Dwivedi, Sandeep Gour, faculty, Govt. Geetanjali Girls PG College, Bhopal.

Mr. Sunil Vishwakarma, Asst. Professor, Department of MBA, VIM, Bhopal.

Finally, special thanks are due to all the faculty members Pooja Jain, Lata Yadav, Divya Tiwari,
Rajni Singh, Nazia Khan, Surendra Dwivedi and Mayank Jain Vidyasagar Institute of
Management, Bhopal.
m Pawan Thakur
It is just because of the Grace of Almighty God that this book has been completed in time. A
lot of people also supported to complete this book and I would like to thank them all.
First of all I would like to thank Mr.Pawan Thakur for providing me this precious opportunity
to write a book with him. I would also like to thank Dr. Dheeraj Vasu for his encouragement
and support throughout the creation of this book.
Especially I would like to thank my Parents Mr. S.R. Ali and Mrs. Shahnaz Jalali, my husband
Mr. Jameel ur Rehman for giving me support and encouragement through all my tough and
hard times.
I thank most specially to Respected Dr. P. Shahikala, Reader and Head, Department of New
Media Technology, Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University, Bhopal. For always being the
source of inspiration to me and for planting the concept and importance of cloud computing
in my knowledge as well as in my life. Also to Mr. Manish Maheshwari for always boosting
and lifting my confidence.
It is great pleasure to express my profound gratitude to :

Honorable Vice Chancellor Prof. B.K. Kuthiala of Makhanlal Chaturvedi National University,
Bhopal.

Dr. S.K.Vijay, chairman Department of Computer Science, Barkatullah University, Bhopal

and Head of Department (Physics, M.Sc. (CS)) Govt. Geetanjali Girls PG College, Bhopal.

Dr. Sanjay Bhatt, HOD Department of MCA, Govt. Geetanjali Girls PG College, Bhopal.

Dr. Ravindra Patel, HOD Department of MCA, UIT, RGPV, Bhopal.

Dr. Syed Aftab Iqbal, Director, Crescent College of Technology, Bhopal.

Dr. C.P. Agrawal, HOD, Department of computer Science and Applications, Makhanlal
Chaturvedi National University, Bhopal.

I do wish to thank to Respected Dr. S.A. Iqbal sir for always providing me his valuable
guidance and inspiration regarding research work.
I feel a deep sense of gratitude to my little daughters Aeiman and khadija for spending so
much time without being close to me as I had been busy creating this book.
I am feeling very much glad to thank to Er. Syed Minhaj Ali for spending sleepless nights for
the sake of proof reading of this book. Last but not the least I would like to thank my maternal
grandfather S. Shoukat Ali Jalali and my mother in Law Naseem Jalali whose blessings and
prayers have a great contribution in my success.
Finally I like to thank to Satya Prakashan for bringing out this book in such a nice form.
m

Roohi Ali

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.

Introduction to Cloud Computing ....................... 1-11-38

1.1.
1.2
1.3.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
1.9.

1.10.
1.11.

2.

Overview of Cloud Applications ........................ 2-12-31

2.1.
2.2.
2.3.
2.4.
2.5.
2.6.
2.7
2.8.

2.9.

3.

Introduction ..........................................................................................................1-1
Meaning and Definitions Of Cloud .........................................................................1-3
Historical Development ..........................................................................................1-4
Vision of Cloud Computing ....................................................................................1-6
Characteristics of Cloud Computing as per NIST .......................................................1-9
1.5.1. Benefits of Cloud Computing .................................................................... 1-10
1.5.2. Challenges of Cloud Computing .............................................................. 1-10
Cloud Computing Reference Model : An Overview .................................................. 1-11
Cloud Computing Environments ........................................................................... 1-15
Cloud Services Requirements ................................................................................. 1-17
Cloud and Dynamic Infrastructure ......................................................................... 1-19
1.9.1. Designing the Cloud ................................................................................ 1-20
1.9.2. Dynamic Control Plane ............................................................................ 1-21
1.9.3. Cloud Architecture: Utility Computing IaaS ........................................... 1-22
1.9.4. Cloud Architecture: Framework Computing PaaS .................................... 1-23
1.9.5. Cloud Architecture : Business Computing SaaS ...................................... 1-25
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud .............................................................. 1-26
Cloud Adoption and Rudiments ............................................................................ 1-28

Introduction ..........................................................................................................2-1
Overview of Cloud Applications ..............................................................................2-3
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Analysis in .......................................................................2-4
2.3.1. Benefits of ECG Analysis in the Cloud .........................................................2-7
Protein Structure Prediction .....................................................................................2-7
2.4.1. Benefits of Cloud in Protein Structure Prediction ........................................... 2-8
Gene Expression Data Analysis ................................................................................2-8
2.5.1. Benefits of Gene Expression Data Analysis .................................................. 2-10
Satellite Cloud Image Processing ........................................................................... 2-10
2.6.1. Benefits of Satellite Cloud Image Processing ............................................... 2-12
Customer Relationship Management ..................................................................... 2-12
2.7.1 CRM Cloud Computing ........................................................................... 2-13
2.7.2. Benefits of CRM Cloud Computing ........................................................... 2-14
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ........................................................................ 2-15
2.8.1. ERP Cloud Computing ............................................................................. 2-15
2.8.2. Benefits of Cloud Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) .................................. 2-18
2.8.3. Integrating Cloud CRM and ERP Applications ............................................ 2-18
Social Networking ................................................................................................ 2-19
2.9.1. Social Networking Cloud Computing ........................................................ 2-20
2.9.2. Advantage and Disadvantages of Social Networking ................................... 2-22
2.9.3. Avoid and Prevent of Disadvantages .......................................................... 2-22

Cloud Computing Architecture ........................... 3-13-80

3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.

Introduction ..........................................................................................................3-1
Cloud Computing Architecture ................................................................................3-2
Cloud Reference Model ..........................................................................................3-6
NIST Cloud Computing Reference ......................................................................... 3-10
3.4.1. Cloud Consumer ..................................................................................... 3-11
3.4.2. Cloud Provider ........................................................................................ 3-13
3.4.3. Cloud Broker .......................................................................................... 3-19

2C O N T E N T S

3.5.

3.6.
3.7.
3.8
3.9.

3.10.
3.11.
3.12.
3.13.

4.

3.4.4. Cloud Carrier ..........................................................................................3-19

3.4.5 Cloud Auditor .........................................................................................3-19
3.4.6 Nist Service Models .................................................................................. 3-20
IBM Cloud Computing Reference .......................................................................... 3-24
3.5.1. Cloud Service Consumers ......................................................................... 3-24
3.5.2. Cloud Service Providers ............................................................................ 3-25
3.5.3. Cloud Service Creators ............................................................................. 3-27
3.5.4. Cloud Security, Resiliency and Performance Architecture ............................... 3-28
3.5.5. Governance ............................................................................................3-28
Dmtf Cloud Service Reference Architecture .............................................................. 3-29
Cloud Security Alliance(CSA) ................................................................................ 3-30
Cisco Cloud Reference Architecture ........................................................................ 3-32
Types of Cloud .....................................................................................................3-34
3.9.1 Private Cloud ..........................................................................................3-35
3.9.2. Community Cloud ...................................................................................3-38
3.9.3. Public Cloud ...........................................................................................3-39
3.9.4 Hybrid Cloud ..........................................................................................3-42
3.9.5. Federated Cloud ......................................................................................3-44
3.9.6. Personal Cloud ........................................................................................3-46
Cloud Interoperability ...........................................................................................3-47
3.10.1. Need and View of Interoperability ............................................................ 3-47
3.10.2 Interoperability Approaches ....................................................................... 3-48
Cloud Standardization .........................................................................................3-51
3.11.1. Standardization Issues ............................................................................. 3-52
3.11.2. Standardization Challenges ...................................................................... 3-54
Scalability ...........................................................................................................3-55
3.12.1. Cloud Scalability Component ................................................................... 3-56
3.12.2. Cloud Scalability Techniques .................................................................... 3-57
Fault Tolerance ....................................................................................................3-58
3.13.1. Challenges of Fault Tolerance in Cloud Computing .................................... 3-59
3.13.2. Fault Tolerance Techniques in Cloud Computing ........................................ 3-59

Cloud Solution and Offerings ............................ 4-14-38

4.1.
4.2.
4.3.
4.4.

4.5.
4.6.
4.7.

4.8.
4.9.

Introduction ..........................................................................................................4-1
Cloud Solutions .....................................................................................................4-2
4.2.1. Advantages or Benefits of Cloud Solutions ...................................................4-3
4.2.2. Solution Selection Making Process ...............................................................4-4
Cloud Ecosystem ....................................................................................................4-6
4.3.1. Benefits of the Cloud Ecosystem ..................................................................4-8
Cloud Business Process Management .......................................................................4-9
4.4.1. Selecting A Business Process ...................................................................... 4-11
4.4.2. BPM Lifecycle ..........................................................................................4-11
4.4.3. BpaaS Vs Traditional Applications ............................................................. 4-12
Cloud Service Management .................................................................................. 4-12
4.5.1. Cloud Management Strategies .................................................................. 4-15
Cloud Offerings ..................................................................................................4-15
4.6.1. Challenges For Cloud Offering ................................................................. 4-17
Cloud Analytics ...................................................................................................4-18
4.7.1. Real-time Analytics .................................................................................. 4-19
4.7.2. Applications of Real-time Analytics ........................................................... 4-19
4.7.3. Cloud Analytics Services ........................................................................... 4-20
Cloud Testing Under Control ................................................................................. 4-21
Virtual Desktop Infrastructure ................................................................................. 4-24
4.9.1. Types of Virtualization ............................................................................... 4-25
4.9.2. Benefits of Virtual Desktop Infrastructure ..................................................... 4-25
4.9.3. Advantages and Disadvantage ................................................................. 4-26

3C O N T E N T S
5.

Cloud Management............................................ 5-15-34

1.1.
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.

5.7.
5.8.

6.

Virtualization Technology .................................. 6-16-48

6.1.
6.2.

6.3.
6.4.
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
6.8.
6.9.
6.10.
6.11.
6.12.
6.13.
6.13.

7.

Introduction ..........................................................................................................5-1
5.1.1. Challenges of Cloud Management ..............................................................5-3
Resiliency ..............................................................................................................5-4
5.2.1. Benefits of Cloud-based Resilience ..............................................................5-5
Provisioning ..........................................................................................................5-6
5.3.1. Types of Provisioning ..................................................................................5-7
Asset Management .................................................................................................5-7
5.4.1. Cloud for Asset Managers ...........................................................................5-8
Concepts of Map Reduce ........................................................................................5-9
5.5.1. The Mapreduce Paradigm ......................................................................... 5-10
Cloud Governance .............................................................................................. 5-12
5.6.1. Cloud Governance Lifecycle ..................................................................... 5-14
5.6.2. Microsofts Cloud Governance Model ........................................................ 5-15
5.6.3. Schepers SOA Cloud Governance Model ................................................... 5-15
High Availability .................................................................................................. 5-16
5.7.1. Approaches for Cloud High Availability ..................................................... 5-20
5.7.2. Challenges and Complexities .................................................................... 5-21
Disaster Recovery .................................................................................................. 5-23
5.8.1. Disaster Recovery Plan .............................................................................. 5-23
5.8.2. Cloud Computing For Effective Disaster Recovery ....................................... 5-23
5.8.3. High Availability Disaster Recovery (DR) Strategies ...................................... 5-24

Introduction ..........................................................................................................6-1
Fundamental Concepts of Compute ........................................................................6-2
6.2.1. Levels of Virtualization ................................................................................6-4
6.2.2. Virtualization Benefits .................................................................................6-4
6.2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages ..................................................................6-5
Storage Virtualization .............................................................................................6-6
6.3.1. Storage Virtualization Approaches ...............................................................6-7
Networking Virtualization ...................................................................................... 6-12
6.4.1. Hosted Virtualization ................................................................................ 6-13
Desktop (Client) Virtualization ............................................................................... 6-15
Application Virtualization ..................................................................................... 6-17
Server Virtualization .............................................................................................. 6-19
6.7.1. Server Virtualization Approaches ................................................................ 6-20
Block Level Storage .............................................................................................. 6-22
File Level Storage ................................................................................................. 6-23
Virtualization Hypervisor Management ................................................................... 6-24
6.10.1. Hypervisor Classifications ......................................................................... 6-25
Infrastructure Requirements ................................................................................... 6-26
Virtual Lan (VLAN) ............................................................................................... 6-28
6.12.1. Types of VLANs ........................................................................................ 6-30
6.12.2. Benefits of VLANs ..................................................................................... 6-31
Virtual San (VSAN) ............................................................................................... 6-31
Benefits of Virtual SAN (VSAN) ............................................................................... 6-33

Cloud Security ..................................................... 7-17-25

7.1.
7.2.
7.3.
7.4.

Introduction ..........................................................................................................7-1
Cloud Information Security Fundamentals ................................................................7-3
Cloud Security Services ...........................................................................................7-6
Design Principles ...................................................................................................7-7

4C O N T E N T S
7.5.
7.6.
7.7.

8.

Cloud Computing Security Architecture ............. 8-18-30

8.1.
8.2.
8.3.
8.4.
8.5.

9.

9.5.
9.6.

9.7.

Introduction ..........................................................................................................9-1
Market Based Management of Clouds ......................................................................9-2
Federated Clouds: Meaning and Definition ..............................................................9-5
Characterization ....................................................................................................9-5
9.4.1. Benefits of Federation Cloud .......................................................................9-8
9.4.2. System Architecture .....................................................................................9-9
Cloud Federation Stack ........................................................................................ 9-14
Inter Cloud ..........................................................................................................9-19
9.6.1. Architectural Taxonomy ............................................................................. 9-20
9.6.2. Taxonomy of Inter-cloud Application Brokering Mechanisms ........................ 9-21
9.6.3. Application Centric Perspective To Inter-clouds ........................................... 9-23
Third Party Cloud Services ..................................................................................... 9-23
9.7.1. Cloud Service Delivery Model .................................................................... 9-25

Case Study-Cloud Computing ........................ 10-110-28

10.1.
10.2.
10.3.
10.4.
10.5.
10.6.

E.

Introduction ..........................................................................................................8-1
Cloud Computing Security Architecture ....................................................................8-2
Cloud Security Alliance: Cloud Security ....................................................................8-8
Reference Model ....................................................................................................8-8
NIST Security Reference Architecture ........................................................................ 8-14
IBM Security Framework ........................................................................................ 8-22

Market Based Management of Clouds .............. 9-19-36

9.1.
9.2.
9.3.
9.4.

10.

Policy Implementation .......................................................................................... 7-11

7.5.1. NIST Cloud Policy .................................................................................... 7-12
Cloud Computing : Security Challenges ................................................................. 7-14
Virtualization Security Management ....................................................................... 7-16

Introduction ........................................................................................................10-1
Google App Engine ............................................................................................. 10-1
Microsoft Azure .................................................................................................... 10-5
Hadoop ............................................................................................................ 10-11
Amazon ............................................................................................................ 10-17
Aneka ............................................................................................................ 10-20

Experiments ........................................................ E-1E-94

E1A.
E1B.
E2A.
E2B.
E3.
E4.
E5.
E6.

Installation and Configuration of Hadoop ................................................................ E3

Installation and Configuration of Eucalyptus ........................................................... E17
Service Deployment and Usage over Cloud .............................................................. E25
Deployment of Asp.Net Web Applicaton to a Window Azue Website .......................... E38
Managment of Cloud Resources ............................................................................. E50
Cloud Security Management .................................................................................. E71
Using Existing Cloud Characteristics and Service Models .......................................... E84
Performance Evaluation of Services over Cloud ........................................................ E89

p p p

SYLLABUS
CS & IT-703 Cloud Computing
(RGPV), Bhopal
UNIT I
Introduction: Historical development, Vision of Cloud Computing, Characteristics
of cloud computing as per NIST, Cloud computing reference model, Cloud
computing environments, Cloud services requirements, Cloud and dynamic
infrastructure, Cloud Adoption and rudiments. Overview of cloud applications:
ECG Analysis in the cloud, Protein structure prediction, Gene Expression Data
Analysis, Satellite Image Processing, CRM and ERP, Social networking.

UNIT II
Cloud Computing Architecture: Cloud Reference Model, Types of Clouds, Cloud
Interoperability & Standards, Scalability and Fault Tolerance.
Cloud Solutions: Cloud Ecosystem, Cloud Business Process Management, Cloud
Service Management.
Cloud Offerings: Cloud Analytics, Testing Under Control, Virtual Desktop
Infrastructure.

UNIT III
Cloud Management & Virtualization Technology : Resiliency, Provisioning, Asset
management, Conceps of Map reduce, Cloud Governance, High Availability and
Disaster Recovery. Virtualization: Fundamental concepts of compute, storage,
networking, desktop and application virtualization. Virtualization benefits, server
virtualization, Block and file level storage virtualization Hypervisor management
software, Infrastructure Requirements , Virtual LAN(VLAN) and Virtual SAN(VSAN)
and their benefits.

UNIT IV
Cloud Security : Cloud Information security fundamentals, Cloud security services,
Design principles, Secure Cloud Software Requirements, Policy Implementation,
Cloud Computing Security Challenges, Virtualization security Management, Cloud
Computing Secutity Architecture.

UNIT V
Market Based Management of Clouds, Federated Clouds/Inter Cloud:
Characterization & Definition, Cloud Federation Stack, Third Party Cloud Services.
Case study : Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Hadoop, Amazon, Aneka.

List of Experiment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Installation and configuration of Hadoop/Euceliptus etc.

Service deployment & Usage over cloud.
Management of cloud resources.
Using existing cloud characteristics & Service models .
Cloud Security Management.
Performance evaluation of services over cloud .