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f}rh; vko!fr | fnlECkj] 2006 (1000 izfr;kW)
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`h JSo> _wX} `m| CImS>Vo hmo, Jm{b`m XoZo go n[adVZ Zhr hmo gH$Vm, Xw_Zr go Xw_Zr
~T>Vr h'', Eogm _mZdVmdmXr CnXoe ^r H$aVo h& BVZm hr Zht Vmo `h ^r Xbrb Xr
OmVr h {H$ ~m~mgmho~ S>m. A~oS>H$a Zo d` H$hm h {H$ ""_ ~mU Ho$ {damoY _o
Zhr hy, ~mUdmX Ho$ {damoY _o h'' Ama Amn bmoJ O~ XoImo V~ ~mU / ~mUdmX
{damoY H$m hr amJ AbmnVo ahVo hmo& `h Xbrb ImgH$a h_mao g_mO Ho$ ~w{{Odr
VWm {dmZ gm{h`H$ma {OZH$m ~mUmo go {ZH$Q> H$m gdmX Ama gnH$ hmoVm h, do
XoVo h & `m|{H$ ~mU CZH$mo H$mZ-_ XoVo ahVo h {H$ ~m~mgmho~ Zo d` H$hm h
{H$ _ ~mU Ho$ {Ibm\$ Zhr h Ama Vwhmao bmoJ h_| ~odOh H$mogVo ahVo h& Bg ~mV
H$m Mma {deofH$a A` mVm| H$s VwbZm _o _hmam> mV _o `mXm _mm _| hmoVm h&
\y$bo-A~oS>H$ar AmXmobZ H$s {damgV _hmam> h {Og na ~mUdmX H$mo dV H$aZo
H$s {O_oXmar ~hV A{YH$ h Ama `h XyfU `{X _hmamQ> Ho$ A~oS>H$adm{X`m| _o
\$bVm h Vmo Bgo A` mVm| _o \$bmZo Ho$ {b`o ~mUdm{X`m| H$mo AmgmZ hmo OmVm h&
Bg XyfU Ho$ {H$VZo KmVH$ Xwn[aUm_ AmXmobZ na hmoVo h BgHo$ ~mao _o h_mao g_mO
H$mo gOJ H$aZm O$ar h& Bg {df` na MMm H$aZm h_Zo Amd`H$ g_Pm Ama Bg{bE
Bgo MMm H$m {df` ~Zm`m J`m&
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Zhr H$aVm VWm hdm _o Zhr {bIVm& H$moB n[apWVr nXm hmoVr h Ama Cg n[apWVr
Ho$ nmd^y{_ _o hr `pV {dMma H$aVm h, ~mobVm h Ama {bIVm h& Cg n[apWVr
Ho$ gX^ Ho$ H$maUm| H$m `{X nVm Zhr h Vmo AW Ho$ AZW {ZH$mbo Om gH$Vo h& Bg{bE
CnamoV H$WZ ~m~mgmho~ Zo H$~, `m| Ama {H$g n[apWVr Ho$ H$maU H$hm Bgo OmZo
~Ja hr h_mao bmoJ Bg dm` H$m BVo_mb gaoAm_ ~mUm| Ho$ g_WZ _o H$aVo ahVo
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5

dmVd _o CnamoV H$WZ Eogm h hr Zhr bo{H$Z Bggo {_bVm OwbVm dh H$WZ
h {OgH$m Ame` VWm ^mdmW EH$ Ogm hr h& `h H$WZ _amR>r _o h {OgH$m {hXr
AZwdmX Bg H$ma h: ""h_ ~mUm| Ho$ {Ibm\$ Zhr h `h h_ Kmo{fV H$aZm MmhVo
h& h_mam H$Q>mj ~mUdmX na h, ~mU bmoJ h_mao Xw_Z Zhr h ~pH$ ~m`JV
bmoJ h_mao Xw_Z h Eogm h_ _mZVo h& ~mUdmX H$s ^mdZm go o[aV ~mUJV
Ja-~mU h_| Xya H$m bJVm h Ama ~m` {da{hV ~mhU h_| ZOXrH$ H$m bJVm
h&''
C$ H$WZ ~m~mgmho~ H$mo {H$g n[apW{V Ho$ H$maU H$hZm nS>m BgH$m gX^ `h
h {H$ _m. Ho$edamd OoYo VWm _m. {XZH$aamd OdbH$a Omo Cg O_mZo Ho$ am>{nVm
Omo{Vamd \y$bo Ho$ "g`emoYH$' g_mO Bg gJR>Z Ho$ AJUr _amR>o ZoVm Wo Ama CZH$m
~m~mgmho~ Ho$ _hmS> Vmbm~ Ho$ g`mJh _o ~S>o n_mZo na gh`moJ Ama gh^mJ Wm &
bo{H$Z Bg g`mJh _o ~mUmo H$mo em[_b H$aZo Ho$ do gV {Ibm\$ Wo Ama BgHo$
{b`o ChmoZo ~m~mgmho~ H$mo {b{IV $n go {damoY H$a AnZr ^mdZm `V H$s Wr&
{OgH$m Odm~ XoVo hE ~m~mgmho~ Zo {bIm h {H$ _m. OoYo Ama _m. OdbH$a Bhm|Zo
Eogr eV aIr h {H$ Bg g`mJh H$s g\$bVm Ho$ {bE {H$gr ^r ~m_U Om{V Ho$
`pV H$mo g`mJh _o em[_b Zhr H$aZm Mm{h`o& Bg eV H$mo h_ drH$ma Zhr H$a
gH$Vo Ama Cg eV Ho$ Odm~ _o ~m~mgmho~ Zo C$ H$WZ _amR>r n{H$m "~{hH$V
^maV' {X. 01 OwbmB 1927 H$m gnmXH$s` boI Omo gnmXH$ Ho$ ZmVo Chm|Zo d`
{bIm h, Cg _| h& _m. Ho$edamd OoYo Ama _m. {XZH$aamd OdbH$a Bhm|Zo {X. 19
OyZ 1927 H$mo ~m~mgmho~ H$mo Omo n {bIm h {Og_| ChmoZo CnamoV eV aIr Wr,
dh n ^r ~m~mgmho~ Zo Cgr AH$ _o N>mnm hAm h&
CnamoV gX^ go `h ~mV n> hmo OmVr h {H$ ~m~mgmho~ H$m dh H$WZ _m. OoYo
Ama _m. OdbH$aHo$ Cg eV H$m Odm~ h {Og eV _o ChmoZo ~m~mgmho~ go AZwamoY
{H$`m Wm {H$ g`mJh _o {H$gr ^r ~mU H$mo em[_b Zhr H$aZm Mm{h`o&

~m~mgmho~ Zo _m. OoYo Ama OdbH$a BZ _amR>o ZoVmAm| H$mo Bg Vah H$m Odm~ `m| Ama {Hg n[apWVr
Ho H$maU {X`m h?
_hmS> Vmbm~ Ho$ g`mJh H$s nyd V`mar Ho$ $n _o {X. 19 Ama 20 _mM 1927
H$mo "Xmo {Xdgr` Hw$bm~m {Obm _hma n[afX' ~m~mgmho~ Zo _hmS> eha _o Am`mo{OV
H$s Wr& n[afX Ho$ AV _o {X. 20 _mM 1927 H$mo ~m~mgmho~ Zo AnZo gh`mo{J`m| H$mo
gmW boH$a Cg Vmbm~ H$mo Ny> H$a nmUr meZ {H$`m Wm& Bg _o `mZ XoZo `mo` ~mV
6

`h h {H$ ~m~mgmho~ Zo Cg Vmbm~ Hmo Ny>Zo Ho$ H$m`H$_ H$s H$moB nyd KmofUm Zhr H$s
Wr `m|{H$ `{X BgH$s KmofUm nhbo hr H$s hmoVr Vmo ~mUmo Zo {nN>So> dJ Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo
^S>H$mH$a gnyU V`mar Ho$ gmW ANy>Vm| H$s ~oah_r go {nQ>mB H$aZo H$s `moOZm ~Zm`r
hmoVr Ama ~m~mgmho~ Eogm H$moB _mH$m gdUm] H$mo XoZm Zhr MmhVo Wo Ama Bg{bE `h
~mVo ~m~mgmho~ Zo AV VH$ JwV aIr Wr& bo{H$Z H$moB KmofUm {H$`o ~Ja EoZ d$ na
`H$m`H$ Vmbm~ H$mo Ny>Zo na ^r _hmS> Ho$ n`m| Zo ~m~mgmho~ Ama CZHo$ gh`mo{J`m|
na AMmZH$ OmZbodm h_bm {H$`m Wm Ama CZ h_bmdam| _| A{YH$me h_bmda
Ja~mU `mZr {nN>So> dJ VWm _amR>o ^mB Wo& Bg h_bo H$s ~m~mgmho~ Zo {XZmH$
22-4-1927 Ho$ "~{hH$V ^maV' n{H$m _o AnZo gnmXH$s$` boI _o H$S>o eXmo _o
{ZXm H$s h&
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~m~mgmho~ BZ dmaXmVmAmo go AN>r Vah dm{H$\$ Wo {X. 12-8-1927 Ho$ "~{hH$V
^maV' n{H$m _o ~m~mgmho~ Zo ""XohmVm| _o ANy>Vm| na hmoZodmbo Ow_'' Bg erfH$ Ho$
I~a _o {bIm h {H$ ""{X. 15-7-1927 H$mo {Zbm|S> nmS>m Bg Jmd _o EH$ CXS> _amR>m
Zo AnZm _wXmS> jm VoO {XImZo Ho$ {b`o {ZanamYr Jar~ _hmam| na bmR>r Mbm`r Ama
CgHo$ VwaV ~mX CgHo$ Xmo ^mB`mo Zo ^r _hmam| H$s bm{R>`m| go O_H$a {nQ>mB H$s&''
Xygar ^r Ama `mZ XoZo `mo` ~mV h {H$ {X. 25 {Xg~a 1927 Ho$ {Z`mo{OV
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~mU Wo Ama eof Ja ~mU Wo {OZ_| EH$ _amR>m ^r em_rb Wm &
CnamoV g^r dmaXmVm| go `h {g hmoVm h {H$ _hmam> _o ANy>Vm| na AH$ga
A`mMma H$aZodmbo A{YH$me Ja ~mU `mZr {nN>So> dJ Ho$ hr bmoJ hmoVo Wo {Og_|
_amR>m| H$s _wI ^y{_H$m ahVr Wr& H$_mo~oe `hr hmbV AmO ^r ^maV Ho$ XohmVm|
_o h_| XoIZo H$mo {_bVr h& _amR>m| mam ANy>Vm| Ho$ CnrS>Z H$m `h {KZmZm AZw^d
~m~mgmho~ Ho$ nmg Wm& Eogo pWVr _o O~ "g`emoYH$ g_mO' Ho$ _amR>o ZoVm _m.
OoYo Ama OdbH$a ~m~mgmho~ H$mo ZgrhV XoVo h {H$ Vmbm~ Ho$ g`mJh _o ~mUmo
H$mo em{_b Zhr H$aZm Mm{h`o V~ ~m~m gmho~ H$m `h Odm~ {~Hw$b bm{O_r h {H$
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^mB _amR>m| H$mo `m| Zhr g_PmVo {H$ AN>yVm| na A`mMma H$aZo Ho$ {b`o do ~mUm| H$m
gmW `m| XoVo h? `mZr ~m~mgmho~ _m. OoYo Ama _m. OdbH$a H$mo `hr H$hZm MmhVo
h {H$ D$M-ZrMVm H$m ^oX^md X\$ZmZo _o O~ ~mU _oam gmW g`mJh _o Xo aho h Vmo
Amn Ch| {damoY H$aVo hmo& bo{H$Z Vwhmao AnZo _amR>o OmV ^mB Bgr ^oX^md Ho$ H$maU
7

ANy>Vm| H$s O~ ~oha_r go {nQ>mB H$aVo h Vmo Amn bmoJ Mwn Mmngo XoIVo ahVo hmo& Bgr
Ame` H$m AZwamoY ~m~mgmho~ Zo _amR>m ZoVmAm| H$mo Vmbm~ g`mJh Ho$ {R>H$ Xmo {XZ
nhbo {X. 23 {Xg~a 1927 H$mo "~{hH$V ^maV' n{H$m _o {b{IV $ngo {H$`m h
Omo Bg H$ma h :""_hmS> _o Omo Hw$N> ^r OZ_V ANy>Vm| Ho$ {damoY _o h, Cgo H$_ VWm ANy>Vm| Ho$
AZwHy$b H$aZo H$m na_ H$V` n` bmoJmo Ho$ ZoVmAmo Zo H$aZm Mm{h`o& `h H$V`
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{eH$m`Vo h_mao gwZZo _o h& Eogo g_` {O_oXma Ja-~mU ZoVmAm| Zo Hw$bm~m {Obo _o
OmH$a AnZo OmV^mB`m| H$mo g_PmZm O$ar h&''
BZ g^r H$maUm| Ama mV n[apWVr _o _m. OoYo VWm _m. OdbH$a BZ _amR>m|
Ho$ Cg eV H$mo {X`m hAm ~m~mgmho~ H$m dh Odm~ h {H$ "h_ ~mUm|Ho$ {damoY _o
Zhr h& h_mam H$Q>mj ~mUdmX na h& ~mUdmX Ho$ ^mdZmgo o[aV ~m`JV
Ja~mU h_| Xya H$m bJVm h Ama ~m` {da{hV ~mU h_| ZOXrH$ H$m bJVm
h&''

~m~mgmho~ Zo _hmS> Vmbm~ g`mJh _o

~mUm| H$m gmW `m| {b`m ?
Bg g`mJh _o gh`moJ H$aZodmbo N:> ~mU Wo 1) lr. JJmYa ZrbH$R> gh~w,o
2) lr. A. {d. {Mo, 3) lr. gwaoZmW {Q>nUrg, 4) lr. emVmam_ nmoVZrg, 5)
lr. Ho$edamd XoenmS>o Ama 6) lr. dm_Zamd nH$r. nhbr _hdnyU ~mV ImgH$a
`h Xbrb XoZo dmbo {H$ ~m~mgmho~ ~mUmo Ho$ {damoYr Zhr Wo ChmoZo g_PZm Mm{h`o
{H$ _hmS> Vmbm~ H$m g`mJh `h gmdO{ZH$ H$m`H$_ Wm ^bo hr dh ~m~mgmho~ Ho$
gJR>Z mam Am`om{OV {H$`m hmo& `h H$m`H$_ Nw>Am-Ny>V g_mV H$aZo VWm ANy>Vm|
Ho$ _mZdr` A{YH$ma Wm{nV H$aZo H$m H$m`H$_ Wm Ama ANy>Vm| Ho$ Abmdm Omo bmoJ
AnZr doN>m go Bg_| gh`moJ XoZm MmhVo Wo Ama g`mJh Ho$ g\$bVm Ho$ [> go
CZH$m `mXm go `mXm gh`moJ Ama ghH$m` mV H$aZm `h ~m~mgmho~ Ho$ aUZr{V
H$m {hgm Wm& dgo ^r gmdO{ZH$ H$m`H$_m| _o em[_b hmoZo Ho$ {b`o {H$gr ^r ZmJ[aH$
H$mo _Zm Zhr {H$`m Om gH$Vm &
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~m~mgmho~ H$m Xygam H$WZ A`V _hdnyU h& dh H$WZ Bg H$ma h "~mUm| H$mo
AbJ H$aZm `h gm{VH$ [> go JbV Vmo h hr bo{H$Z Eogm H$aZm aUZr{VH$ X[>go ^r
8

R>rH$ Zhr h&' dh H$mZ gm {gmV h {OgH$s dOh go g`mJh go ~mUmo H$mo AbJ
H$aZm ~m~mgmho~ JbV _mZVo h, Bgo g_PZm ~hV O$ar h& ~m~mgmho~ Zo "Om[V
`dWm {damoYr AmXmobZ' Bg g`mJh Ho$ _m`_ go ma^ {H$`m h Ama Cgr Om[V
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`dWm dV H$aZo {ZH$bo S>m. A~oS>H$a d` Om[VdmXr {g hmo OmVo h, `h dmo
{gmV hrZVm h& {Ogo ~m~mgmho~ H$Xm{n ~aXmV Zhr H$a gH$Vo& _m. OoYo-OdbH$a
Ho$ X~md _o AmH$a `{X ~m~mgmh~ Zo ~mUm| H$mo Om[V Ho$ AmYma na hr g`mJh _o
em{_b Zm {H$`m hmoVm Vmo ~m~mgmho~ na Om[VdmX H$m `h _mZdVm {damoYr H$bH$
B{Vhmg _o h_oem-h_oem Ho$ {b`m XO {H$`m OmVm& Bg {ddmX H$m Xygam _hdnyU
nhby `h ^r h {H$ ~m~mgmho~ H$m ~mUm| H$mo AnZo gmW boZo H$m _m_bm `h Ho$db
Vmbm~ g`mJh `mZr Ho$db gmdO{ZH$ H$m`H$_ _o em{_b H$aZo H$m _m_bm Wm Ama
dhm VH$ hr gr{_V Wm, Ch| AnZo AmXmobZ VWm gJR>Z _o h_oem Ho$ {bE em{_b
H$aZo H$m _m_bm Zhr Wm& Bg{bE Cg g`mJh _o Omo ^r ~mU em[_b h`o Wo do
AmJo MbH$a ~m~mgmho~ Ho$ {H$gr ^r gJR>Z `m AmXmobZ _o ZOa Zhr AmVo& BgH$m
_Vb~ `h h {H$ ~mUmo H$mo em{_b H$aZo H$m _m_bm ~m~mgmho~ Zo Cg g`mJh
VH$ hr gr{_V aIm Wm&
Xygam _hdnyU nhby `h ^r h {H$ `h g`mJh ~m~mgmho~ Ho$ ZoVd _o hmo ahm
Wm, Z {H$ ~mUm| Ho$ ZoVd _|& `m|[H$ ~mU Aga Ohm ^r OmVo h ZoVm ~ZZo Ho$
{b`o hr OmVo h, AZw`m`r ~ZZo Ho$ {bE Zhr& naVw Bg g`mJh _o ~m~mgmho~ Zo `h
I~aXmar br Wr Ama Ch| ZoVd Ho$ WmZ na Zhr aIm Wm&
{XZmH$ 29-7-1927 Ho$ "~{hH$V ^maV' _o N>no h`o H$WZ H$m Xygam ^mJ h
"aUZr{VH$ [go ^r dh R>rH$ Zhr hmoJm' BgH$m `m AW h? ~mUmo H$mo g`mJh
_o em[_b H$aZo H$s ~m~mgmho~ H$s dh H$mZ gr aUZr{V h? Bgo g_PZm O$ar h&
25 {Xg~a 1927 H$mo hmoZo Om aho m`mo{OV g`mJh na `m`mb` Zo {V~Y
bJmZo Ho$ H$maU g`mJh H$mo amoH$Zm nS>m Wm& CgHo$ CnamV dhr na g`mJ[h`m| H$s
OZg^m hB Ama OZg^m _o _Zw_{V XhZ H$m Vmd _m. JJmYa ZrbH$R> gh~wo
Zm_ Ho$ ~mU `pVZo aIm Omo gd_V go nm[aV hAm Ama CgHo$ ~mX g^mWmZ go
Xya nyd{Z`mo{OV WmZ na em_ H$mo _Zw_{V Obm`r J`r& `h ~hV hr MmH$mZodmbr
KQ>Zm h {H$ _Zw_{V XhZ Ho$ H$m`H$_ H$m Am`moOZ `{n ~m~mgmho~ Zo {H$`m Wm
bo{H$Z ~m~mgmho~ Zo d` _Zw_{V Zhr ObmB dh gh~wo Ama {Mo BZ XmoZm|
~mUm| Ho$ hmWmo Y_emmo Ho$ _ nT>H$a ObmB h&
_hmS> Vmbm~ g`mJh H$s VmarI VWm WmZ V` H$aZo H$m \$gbm 19/20 _mM
9

1927 H$mo hE "Hw$bm~m {Obm _hma n[afX' Ho$ EH$ _hrZo ~mX `mZr g`mJh Ho$ AmR>
_hrZo nhbo {H$`m Wm& naVw _Zw_{V XhZ H$m H$moB ^r {ZU` VWm {OH$ Cg n[afX
_o Zhr {H$`m Wm& _Zw_{V XhZ Ho$ ~mao _| BZ AmR> _hrZm| Ho$ Xa`mZ ~m~mgmho~ Zo
H$moB ^r dV` Zhr {H$`m h&
_Zw_{V ObmZo Ho$ CnamV Bg g`mJh H$m "~{hH$V ^maV' H$m Omo {deofmH$
{ZH$mbm h Cg _o _m.{edVaH$a, OZab goHo$Q>ar BZHo$ Zm_ go g`mJh H$s H$m`H$_
n{H$m {ZH$mbr Wr dh ^r Cg AH$ _o N>nr hB h& Cg _o Xygao A` H$m`H$_m| Ho$
gmW _Zw_{V XhZ Ho$ H$m`H$_ H$m CboI h& naVw dh H$m`H$_ n{H$m {Og AH$
_o N>nr h, dh g`mJh H$m {deofmH$ h {OgH$s VmarI 25-26 Ama 27 {Xg~a
1927 N>nr h Ama dh {deofmH$ g`mJh Ho$ ~mX N>mnm h& BgH$m _Vb~ _Zw_{V
XhZ H$s VmarI _m{IH$ `m {b{IV $n _o ~m~mgmho~ Zo XhZ Ho$ nyd Kmo{fV Zhr H$s
Wr Ama Cgo AV VH$ JwV aIm Wm, A`Wm Ym{_H$ ^mdZmE ^S>H$mZo Ho$ Amamon _o
_Zw_{V XhZ H$m`H$_ na H$moQ> mam {V~Y bJmZo H$s `m Y_`w Kmo{fV H$aZo H$s
`moOZm ~ZmZo H$s H$moB H$ga ~mUmo Zo Zhr N>moS>r hmoVr& Bg{bE _Zw_{V XhZ H$m
H$m`H$_ nyU $n go JwV aIZo H$s `moOZm ~m~mgmho~ Zo ~Zm`r Wr&
_hmS> Vmbm~ H$m g`mJh H$aZo H$m \$gbm AmR> _hrZo nhbo H$aZo Ho$ ~mdOyX
^r Cg \$gbo Ho$ gmW _Zw_{V XhZ H$aZo H$m H$moB \$gbm Z H$aZm O~{H$ g`mJh
Ama _Zw_{V XhZ H$m H$m`H$_ EH$ hr WmZ VWm EH$ hr {XZ hmoZm Wm, _Zw_{V
XhZ H$m Vmd EoZ _mHo$ na g`mJh Ho$ {XZ hr Ama dh ^r EH$ ~mUmam nm[aV
H$admZm, _Zw_{V XhZ Ho$ H$m`H$_ H$mo AV VH$ JmonZr` aIZm Amoa _Zw_{V XhZ
^r ~mUm| Ho$ hmWmo H$admZm, `h BVZr gmar _hdnyU KQ>ZmAm| H$s lIbm _hO
EH$ gOmoJ Zhr Wm, `h ~m~mgmho~ A~oS>H$a H$s nyd {ZYm[aV `moOZm~ `yhaMZm
Wr&
~m~mgmho~ Ho$ Cg H$WZ H$m {Og_| do H$hVo h {H$ "aUZr{VH$ [>go ^r ~mUmo
H$mo g`mJh go AbJ H$aZm R>rH$ Zhr hmoJm', `{X BgH$m {dbofU H$aVo h Vmo {ZpMV
$n go H$hm Om gH$Vm h {H$ BgHo$ nrNo> ~m~mgmho~ H$s ~hV hr JhZ Ama J^ra Eogr
gmoMr g_Pr VWm gwbPr hwB aUZr{V Wr&

~m~mgmho~ H$s `m aUZr{V Wr?

T>mB hOma gmbmo Ho$ B{Vhmg _o {H$gr ANy>V Zo ~mUmo H$m EH$ Y_JW gmdO{ZH$
$ngo ObmZm `h ^maV Ho$ B{Vhmg _o A`V {d\$moQ>H$ VWm H$m{VH$mar XVH$ Wr&
BgH$s {V{H$`m _o _hm^`H$a b`H$mar aUgJm_ hmoZo H$s gnyU g^mdZm ~aH$ama
Wr Ama Eogo g^m{dV Hy$a aUgJm_ H$m gm_Zm H$aZo {ZhWo, Xw~b Ama _OXya ANy>V
10

gj_ Zhr Wo `h ~mV ~m~mgmho~ ^br^m[V OmZVo Wo& {\$a ^r BVZr ~S>r OmoIr_
~m~mgmho~ Zo CR>m`r Wr& Bg{bE _Zw_{V XhZ Ho$ H$m`H$_ H$mo {OVZm hmo gHo$ CVZm
JmonZr` aIZo H$s I~aXmar ~m~mgmho~ Zo br Ama Cgo EoZ _mHo$ na Kmo{fV {H$`m J`m
Wm& `{X _Zw_{V XhZ H$m H$m`H$_ g_` Ho$ nyd Kmo{fV {H$`m hmoVm Vmo ~mUdmXr
epV`moZo nyar V`mar Ho$ gmW Vmbm~ H$m g`mJh {d\$b H$amZo _o H$moB H$ga Zht
N>moS>r hmoVr&
_hmS> Ho$ Vmbm~ H$m g`mJh ~m~mgmho~ Ho$ AmXmobZ H$m _rb H$m nWa (Mile
Stone) Wm Ama Bg{bE ~m~mgmho~ Bg g`mJh H$mo ha hmbV _o {d\$b Zhr hmoZo
XoZm MmhVo Wo& `m|{H$ `h g`mJh `{X {d\$b hmo OmVm Vmo ANy>Vm| H$m _Zmo~b nyyar
Vah Qy>Q> OmVm Ama do {Zamem Ho$ JV _o Sy>~ OmVo Ama {\$a AmXombZ Ho$ {b`o ISo>
hmoZo H$m T>mS>g >H$^r Zm H$aVo; _Zw_{V XhZ go Omo n[aUm_ ~m~mgmho~ hm{gb H$aZm
MmhVo Wo do n[aUm_ Yao Ho$ Yao ah OmVo Ama {Og _H$gX go ~m~mgmho~ Bg H$m{VH$mar
AmXmobZ H$m nma^ EH$ _O~yV Zrd JT>mH$a H$aZm MmhVo Wo, dh AmXombZ ew$ hmoZo
Ho$ nhbo H$s I_ hmo OmVm&
Vmbm~ g`mJh Ama _Zw_{V XhZ go ~m~mgmho~ Xmo _hdnyU n[aUm_ hm{gb
H$aZm MmhVo Wo& nhbm, Ch| AnZm AmXmobZ am>r` Va na nhMmZm Wm Ama CgHo$
{b`o gnyU ^maV Ho$ANy>Vm| _| _Zw_{V XhZ Ho$ gXoe mam CZH$m _Zmo~b D$Mm CR>mH$a
CZ_| dm{^_mZ nXm H$aZm Wm Ama AnZo AmXmobZ H$mo _O~yVr XmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE
CZH$m g_WZ OwQ>mZm Wm& Xygam n[aUm_ do AnZm ZoVd am>r` Va na Wm{nV H$aZm
Amd`H$ g_PVo Wo `m|{H$ ANy>Vm| _o hOmam| gmbm| go H$moB gj_ ZoVd ApVd _o
Zm hmoZo Ho$ H$maU do hVme Ama {Zame Wo& `h V^r g^d hmo gH$Vm Wm `{X ~m~mgmho~
H$s N>{d Xoe _o EH$ geV eoa {Xb Hw$eb H$m{VH$mar `mom Ama ~h_wIr {dmZ Ho$
$n _o C^a H$a AmVr& _Zw_{V XhZ Ama Vmbm~ g`mJh dh qMJmar Wr {OgHo$
H$maU ~m~mgmho~ Ho$ go ZoVd H$s {V_m EH$ hr {XZ _o gnyU Xoe na N>m J`r Ama
do ANy>Vm| Ho$ AmIm| H$m Vmam ~Z J`o Ama ANy>Vm| H$m hmgbm ~wb{X`m| H$mo Ny> J`m&
`m|{H$ EH$ hr {XZ Xoe Ho$ g^r g_mMma nm| _o _Zw_{V XhZ H$s I~a erfn[V H$s
I~a Wr& BbS> Ho$ Times London Zo ^r Bg I~a H$mo AVamQ>r` Va na nhMm
{X`m& Cg O_mZo _o AmYw{ZH$ VH$ZrH$ Ho$ H$moB gMma gmYZ CnbY Zhr Wo& bo{H$Z
~m~mgmho~ Zo `h Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$[a_m ~Ja gMma gmYZm| Ho$ H$a {XIm`m Wm&
Bg g`mJh _o ~mUmo H$mo em{_b Bg{bE {H$`m Wm `m|{H$ _Zw_{V H$m XhZ
~m~m gmho~ ~mUmo Ho$ hmWmo H$admZm MmhVo Wo Vm[H$ g`mJh {damoYr ~mUmoHmo Ja
~mU bmoJm| H$m gmW Z {_b gHo$ Ama ANy>V {damoYr Yma ~oYma H$a ANy>Vm| H$m ~Mmd

{H$`m Om gHo$& `{X ~mU _Zw_{V ObmVo h Vmo BgH$m grYm XmofmamonZ ~m~m gmho~
na Zhr {H$`m Om gH$Vm Ama Omo _Zw_{V ~mUm| H$mo gdm}M WmZ XmZ H$aVr h
dhr ~mU `{X Bgo ObmVo h Vmo ~mUr Y_ JW H$s _m`Vm Ama n{dVm IVao _o
nS>Vr h Ama gmW hr gmW ey VWm ANy>V XmoZm| ^r Omo BZ JWmo Ho$ H$maU gVmE hE
h CZH$s Amng H$s Xyar ^r H$_ hmo OmVr h, `hr ~m~mgmho~ A~oS>H$a H$s aUZr{V
~mUmo H$mo g`mJh _o em[_b H$aZo H$s Wr&
Bgr H$S>r _o Cg g`mJh H$mo g\$b ~ZmZo Ho$ {b`o ~m~mgmh~ Zo AnZr aUZr{V
H$m Xygam EH$ AZmoIm Ama MmH$mZo dmbm ~ohVarZ hWH$S>m AnZm`m Wm& {Og Wb
na g`mJh n[afX Am`mo{OV H$s Wr Cg WmZ na EH$ {demb _S>n IS>m {H$`m J`m
Wm Ama Cg _S>n _o Ho$db EH$ hr Vdra bQ>H$m H$a aIr Wr Ama dh Vdra _.
JmYr H$s Wr& `m BgH$m _Vb~ `h {ZH$mbm Om` {H$ ~m~mgmho~ JmYr ^V Wo?
dmVd _o g`mJh Ho$ EH$ _hrZo nhbo ~m~mgmho~ Zo "~{hH$V ^maV' Ho$ {X. 2511-1927 Ho$ AH$ _o JmYr Ho$ Aqhgm_H$ g`mJh H$s ^agH$ AmbmoMZm H$s Wr
Ama JmYr H$s Aqhgm `h `mnH AW _o qhgm hr h Eogm Kmo{fV {H$`m Wm& naVw Cg
_S>n _o JmYr H$s Vdra bJmZm `h CZHo$ aUZr{V H$m {hgm Wm `m|{H$ Cg O_mZo _o
_. JmYr {hXwAm| H$o$Ama H$mJog Ho$ gd_m` ZoVm Wo Ama g~go _hdnyU ~mV `h Wr
{H$ JmYr An`Vm {ZdmaU H$s T>nbr Omoa emoago ~OmVo Wo& ~m~mgmho~ Zo Bgr ~mV
H$m ~hV hr ~Iy~r go Cn`moJ {H$`m Ama JmYr H$s Vdra bJmZo Ho$ ~hmZo gdUm] H$m
g`mJh {damoY VWm ANy>V {damoY X~mZo Ho$ {b`o aUZr{VnydH$ BVo_mb {H$`m& Bg
Vdra Ho$ _m`_ go ~m~mgmh~ {damo{Y`m| H$mo `h gXoe XoZm MmhVo Wo {H$ JmYr Or
An`Vm [ZdmaU H$m Omo H$m`H$_ Mbm aho h Cgr H$m`H$_ H$mo _ AmJo ~T>m ahm h
Ama Amn bmoJ BgH$m {damoY H$a aho h `mZr JmYr H$m {damoY H$a aho h& Cg g^m _o
_hm_m JmYr H$s O`,{VbH$ H$s H$s O`, AmJaH$a H$s O`, bmoH${hVdmXr H$s O`,
gV EH$ZmW _hmamO H$s O`, O` {edam`, {OOm_mVm H$s O`, `h Zmao ^r bJm`o
& Bg Vah ~m~mgmho~ Zo ha _H$m_ na AnZo {damo{Y`m| Ho$ hmgbo nV H$a S>mbo Wo&
Bg H$ma Bg g`mJh H$mo g\$b ~ZmZo H$m Omo b` ~m~mgmho~ Zo AnZo gm_Zo aIm
Wm Cgo hm{gb H$aZo Ho$ {b`o g^r ~mYmAmo H$mo Xya H$aZo Ho$ BamXo go ChmoZo ~mUmo H$m
gh`moJ {b`m Wm & {OZ 6 ~mUmo Ho$ Zm_ _Zo {JZmE h, do ~mhU ~mX Ho$ {H$gr ^r
AmXmobZ _o ~m~mgmho~ Ho$ gmW ZOa Zhr AmVo& `h Bg ~mV H$m g~yV h {H$ CZH$m
gh`moJ Ho$db Vmbm~ g`mJh VH$ hr gr{_V Wm&

11

12

~m~m gmho~ S>m. A~oS>H$a ~mU Om[V Ama

~mUdmX BZ XmoZm| Ho$ ^r {damoYr Wo

"_ ~mU Ho$ {damoY _o Zhr ~mUdmX Ho$ {damoY _o h&' ~m~mgmho~ H$m `h H$WZ
1927 _| {bIm hAm H$WZ h, naVw CgHo$ ~mX {Z{_V H$s hB AnZr A{YH$me JW
gnXm _o ChmoZo ~mU Ama ~mUdmX XmoZm| na ^r H$amao hma {H$`o h& bo{H$Z h_mao
{dmZ 1927 _o {bIm hAm Ho$db EH$ _m H$WZ H$s hr aQ> bJmVo ahVo h Ama CgHo$
~mX Ho$ H$WZm| Ho$ ~mao _o Mwnr gmYVo h& Bg{bE 1927 Ho$ ~mX Ho$ Hw$N> MX H$WZ
_ AmnH$s OmZH$mar Ho$ {b`o ~VmZm O$ar g_PVm h Vm{H$ gmar ^_ H$s pWVr n>
hmo gHo$&
Anihiliation of Castes - 1936
a) A`m` - 22
Om{V `dWm Ho$ Mmamo Va\$ ~Zm`r JB Xrdma A^o h Ama {Og gm_Jr go
BgH$m {Z_mU {H$`m J`m h, Cg_o VH$ Ama Z{VH$Vm Ogo H$moB dbZerb dVw Zhr
h& Bgr Xrdma Ho$ nrN>o ~mUmo H$s \$mO IS>r h, CZ ~mUm| H$s Omo EH$ ~w{Ordr
dJ h, CZ ~mUm|H$s Omo {hXwAm| Ho$ mH${VH$ ZoVm h, CZ ~mUmo H$s Omo dhm _m
^mS>o Ho$ g{ZH$ Ho$ $n _o hr Zhr, ~pH$ AnZo Om[V Ho$ {b`o bS> Vr hB goZm Ho$ $n
_o h&
JmYr H$mo {X`m J`m Cma
{H$gr ^r gV Zo Om{V `dWm na H$^r h_bm Zhr {H$`m& BgHo$ {dn[aV do
Om{V`dWm Ho$ nHo$ {ddmgr aho h& CZ_| go A{YH$Va Cgr Om{V Ho$ hmoH$a OrE
Ama _ao {Og Om{V Ho$ do Wo&
gV kmZXod ~mU Ho$ $n _o AnZr {V>m go BVZo CH$Q> $ngo OwSo> h`o Wo {H$
O~ ~mUm|Zo Ch| g_mO _o ~Zo ahZo go$ BZH$ma H$a {X`m, Vmo ChmoZo ~mU nX H$s
_m`Vm nmZo Ho$ {b`o O_rZ Amg_mZ EH$ H$a {X`m Wm&
gV EH$ZmW Omo ANy>Vm| H$mo Ny>Zo VWm CZHo$ gmW ^moOZ H$aZo H$m gmhg {XImZo
Ho$ {bE Y_m_m ~Zo h`o h, ChmoZo Eogm Bg{bE Zhr {H$`m {H$ do OmV nmV Ama
Nw>Am Ny>V Ho$ {d$ Wo, O~{H$ CZH$s _m`Vm `hr Wr {H$ XyfU H$mo n{d JJm ZXr
(A`mOmMm {dQ>mi `mgr, JJmZmZo ewd `mgr EH$ZmW ^mJdV) _o ZmZ H$aH$o
Ymo`m Om gH$Vm h&
H$moB ~mU {dUw H$m nwOmar h Omo o_ H$m XodVm h& dh eH$a H$m ^r nyOmar hmo
gH$Vm h Omo {dZme H$m XodVm h& dh ~w J`m _| ^r nwOmar hmo gH$Vm h Ama ~w H$s
nyOm H$a gH$Vm h, Omo _mZdVm Ho$ _hmZV_ {ejH$ h, Ama Bhm|Zo g~go lo> {gmV
"o_' H$m nmR> nT>m`m h& dh H$mbr H$m ^r nwOmar hmo gH$Vm h {OgH$s IyZ H$s `mg
13

~wPmZo Ho$ {b`o amoO EH$ new H$s ~{b XoZr nS>Vr h& dh am_ Ho$ _{Xa H$m nyOmar ^r
hmoJm Omo "j{`' ^JdmZ h& dh naewam_ Ho$ _{Xa H$m ^r nwOmar hmo gH$Vm ho, {OgZo
j{`m| H$m Zme H$aZo Ho$ {b`o AdVma {b`m Wm& dh ~_m H$m ^r nyOmar hmo gH$Vm
h {OgZo ggma H$s aMZm H$s h& dh nra H$m nyOmar ^r hmo gH$Vm h, [OgH$m ^JdmZ
Abm, ggma na ~_m H$o Am`mp_H$ ^wd H$m Xmdm ~aXmV Zhr H$aoJm&
BZ ^JdmZmo Ho$ bjU BVZo {damoYm_H$ h {H$ H$moB B_mZXma ^pV CZ g^r H$m
^V Zhr hmo gH$Vm& naVw ~mU BZ g^r H$m ^V h&
bJ^J g^r ~mUmoZo Om{V Ho$ {Z`_ H$m CbKZ {H$`m h& ChmoZo Z Ho$db
Eogo `dgm` AnZm {b`o h Omo CZHo$ {b`o emm| mam d{OV h& bo{H$Z Eogo {H$VZo
~mU h Omo amoO Om{V Ho$ {Z`_ VmoS>Vo h, Omo Om[V Ama emm| Ho$ {d$ CnXoe
XoVo h `m|{H$ CgH$s _yb d{V Ama Z{VH$ {ddoH$ CZH$s XT> YmaUm H$m g_WZ Zhr
H$a gH$Vm& bo{H$Z Eogo gH$S>m| h Omo amoO Om{V H$mo VmoS>Vo h VWm emm| H$mo amXVo h&
bo{H$Z do Om{V Ho$ {gmV Ama emm| H$s n{dVm Ho$ H$>a g_WH$ h& `h XmoJbmnZ
`m|? `m| {H$ do _hgyg H$aVo h {H$ `{X Om{V H$m OyVm bmoJm| Zo CVma \|$H$m Vmo ~mU
dJ H$s gmm Ama g_mZ Ho$ {b`o do gH$Q> nXm H$a X|Jo& ~mU ~w{Ordr dJ H$s
Bg ~oB_mZr go Am_ bmoJ CZHo$ {dMmam| Ho$ \$b go d{MV aho h, `h EH$ bOm OZH$
V` h&
A`m` - 20
AmnHo$ _VmZwgma Hw$N> ~mU nwamVZ nWr hm|Jo bo{H$Z Xygao Eogo ^r ~mU h Omo
AmYw{ZH$Vm Ho$ o_r h Ama `{X nwamVZ nWr ~mU Om{V {ddg Ho$ H$m` go Xya ahVo
h bo{H$Z AmYw{ZH$Vm Ho$ o_r ~mU Bg H$m` _o Ad` gh`moJ X|Jo& AmnHo$ `h g^r
VH$ gwZZo _o ~S>o gwXa Ama Jm VrV hmoVo h& naVw BZ VH$m] Ho$ gmW `h V` ^ybm
{X`m OmVm h {H$ Om{VWm H$s g_m[V go ~mU Ho$ dMd VWm {V>m na AmKmV
hmoJm& Bg V` H$mo `mZ _o aIVo h`o `m `h Amem H$aZm C{MV hmoJm {H$ ~mU
Om{VWm H$mo ZQ> H$aZo H$m b` aIZodmbo {H$gr AmXmobZ H$m ZoVd H$a|Jo? _oam
_mZZm h {H$ ~mUmo _o nwamVZ nWr ~mU Ama Ym{_H$ gwYmadmbo AmYw{ZH$ ~mU
Eogm ^oX H$aZm _yIVm h, `m|{H$ do XmoZm| OmV ^mB h Ama EH$ hr eara Ho$ Xmo hmW
h Ama EH$ hmW Ho$ ApVd Ho$ {b`o Xygam hmW bSo> ~Ja Zhr ah gH$Vm& Ogo nmon
~ZZo dmbo `pV H$mo H$m{VH$mar ~ZZo H$s Amd`H$Vm Zhr hmoVr& Cgr H$ma ~mU
Ho$ Ka nXm h`o `pV H$mo H$m[Vdra ~ZZo H$s {~Hw$b BN>m Zhr hmoVr& bobr Q>r\$Z
Ho$ eXmo _| H$hm Om` {H$ Ogo Zrbr AmIm| dmbo g^r ~m| H$s h`m H$aZo H$m H$mZyZ
nm[aV H$aZo H$s Anojm {~{Q>e ggX go Zhr H$s Om gH$Vr& dgo hr ~mUmo go g_mO
14

H$m` _o H$m[VH$maH$ H$s ^y{_H$m AXm H$aZo H$s Anojm Zhr H$s Om gH$Vr& `h XmoZm|
^r Anojm _o ^m|S>r H$nZm h&
b) amZmS>o, JmYr Ama {OZm 18 OZdar 1940
amZmS>o H$s 101 dr O`Vr Wr Ama Cg O`Vr g_mamoh Ho$ _w` A{V{W Ho$ $n
_o ~m~mgmho~ Zo Omo ^mfU {X`m Wm dh nwVH$ Ho$ $n _| H$m{eV {H$`m h&
_ ~w{Ordr dJ H$s Xem go Ama^ H$aVm h& g`Vm H$m nmbZ nmofU VWm
_mJXeZ CgHo$ ~w{Ordr dJ na ~mUm| mam Xm ZoVd na {Z^a hmoZm hr Mm{hE&
mMrZ {hXy H$mZyZ Ho$ AYrZ ~mUdJ H$mo nwamo{hV dJ H$m bm^ mV Wm Ama ~mU
Mmho h`m H$m Xmofr hmo Cgo \$mgr H$s gOm Zhr Xr OmVr Wr Ama BQ> B{S>`m H$nZr
Cgo `h {deofm{YH$ma 1817 VH$ XoVr ahr& Bg_| gXoh Zhr, `m|{H$ Cgna lo>Vm
H$m R>nm bJm Wm& na `m Cg_o H$moB lo>Vm eof ah J`r Wr? CgHo$ `dgm` H$s
g_yMr lo>Vm bwV hmo MwH$s Wr& dh g_mO Ho$ {b`o Xr_H$ ~Z MwH$m Wm& ~mUm| Zo
`moOZm~ VarHo$ go g_mO H$mo ImoIbm {H$`m Ama Y_ H$m AZw{MV bm^ CR>m`m&
{OZ {XZm| nwamUm| VWm emm| H$s aMZm ~mU Zo H$s do CZ YyVVmAm| H$s AZ_mob ImoO
h {OZH$m Xwn`moJ ~mUmoZo {ZYZ, A{e{jV VWm AY{ddmgr {hXy OZ gmYmaU
H$mo C ~ZmZo, ~hH$mZo VWm R>JZo Ho$ {b`o {H$`m&
c) Who were the Shudras? 1946
VmdZm ~mU boIH$m| Zo B{Vhmg Ho$ gmW Omo eamaV H$s dh CZH$s dm^m{dH$ h& Bg
~mUr gm{h` H$s n{dVm ~ZmE aIZo _o CZH$s Xmohar Mmb h& nhbr ~mV Vmo `h
{H$ CZHo$ nydOm| Zo Omo {bIm CgH$m Am{M` ~VmZm CZH$m nwmo{MV H$V` Wm {OgHo$
{b`o ChmoZo g` H$m Jbm KmoQ>Zo Ho$ {b`o agr H$mo H$gH$a Wm_m hAm h& Xygar ~mV
`h h {H$ Bggo ~mUm| H$s lo>Vm ~aH$ama aho, `h `mZ aIZm CZH$m na_Y_ h&
H$hr CZH$m AnZm qghmgZ S>mob Z nm`o&
d)

4 {Xg~a 1954 _o aJyZ (~_m) _o ~m~mgmho~ H$m ^mfU :

1954 _o aJyZ (~_m) _o gn h`o AVam>r` g_obZ _o ~m~mgmho~ Zo Omo ^mfU
{X`m Wm Cgr ^mfU H$mo ChmoZo EH$ _o_moaS>_ H$m $n XoH$a "~w{Q> emgZ H$m{gb,
~_m' Ho$ gmW Omo n `dhma {H$`m Wm Cgo Dr. B. R. Ambedkars writing &
speaches Vol. - 17 Part III n> H$. 506 go 512 na H$m{eV {H$`m h&
The danger to Buddhism from Islam no longer exists but

15

the danger from Brahminism exists. It will be its toughest

opponent. A Brahmin will remain a Brahmin no matter what
colour he assumes or what party he joins. That is because
Brahmins want to maintain the system of graded Social
inequality. For it is this graded inequality which has raised
the Brahmins above all and to be on the top of everybody.
Budhism believes in equality. Budhism strikes at the very
root of their Prestige and Power. That is why the Brahmins
hate it. It is quite possible that if the Brahmins are allowed
to lead the movement of revival of Buddhism they may use
their power to sabotage it or misdirect it. The precaution
to exclude them from position of power at least in the early
stages of our movement is, therefore, very necessary.
e) Untouchables - 1948 by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

VmdZm
AmO {dmm H$m nyam R>oH$m {g\$ ~mUm| H$mo {_bm hAm h& Xw^m` go ChmoZo AmO
VH$ Eogm H$moB dmQ>o`a nXm Zhr {H$`m {Og_| H$Wmo{bH$ MM Ho$ {gmVm| Ho$ {damoY _o
{~Jwb ~OmZo H$s B_mZXma ~m{H$Vm ahr hmo& ^{d` _o ^r {H$gr Eogo `pV Ho$ H$Q>
hmoZo H$s Amem Zhr h& `h ~mUm| Ho$ {dmm na Kmoa H$bH$ h {H$ do EH$ dmQ>o`a ^r
nXm Zhr H$a gHo$&
~mUm| Zo H$moB dmQ>o`a `m| nXm Zhr {H$`m? Bg gdmb H$m Odm~ ^r EH$ gdmb
hr h& VwH$s H$m gwbVmZ Bbm_ OJV H$s Y_ H$s OS>o `m| Zhr CImS> nm`m? H$moB
nmon nmXar H$Wmo{bH$dmX H$s qZXm `m| Zhr H$aVm? BbS> H$s ggX Zo Eogm H$mZyZ `m|
Zht ~Zm`m {H$ {H$g Vah Xoe H$s V_m_ Zrbr AmImodmbo {H$emoa {H$emo[a`m| H$mo _ma
{X`m Om`? BgH$m dhr H$maU h {H$ gwbVmZ `m nmon `m {~{Q>e ggX `o H$m` H$aZo
_o Mwn aho dgo hr ~mU ^r H$moB dmQ>o`a nXm Zhr H$a gHo$&
`h Ywd g` h {H$ `oH$ ~mU, ~mUdmX H$m _wHw$Q> YmaU {H$`o hr ahoJm
Mmho dh ${T>dmXr hmo `m Zhr, dh nwamo{hV hmo `m JhW, {dmZ hmo AWdm ~w{ hrZ,
~mU dmQ>o`a H$go ~Z gH$Vm h? ~mUm| _o go H$moB dmQ>o`a nXm hmo J`m Vmo dh
Cg `dWm Ho$ {b`o `j IVam ~Z OmEJm {OgH$s aMZm ~mU H$s lo>Vm ~Zm`o
aIZo Ho$ {b`o H$s JB h& g`Vm `h h {H$ ~mU H$s ~m{H$Vm Bgr Xm`ao _o gr{_V h
Ama Cgo `h qMVm ~Zr ahVr h {H$ CgH$m dmW {g hmoVm aho& CgH$s `h AV{Z{hV
Xw~bVmE h Bg{bE CgH$s {V^m Cg gr_m VH$ Zhr C^aVr {Og gr_m VH$ CgH$s
B_mZXmar Ama X`mZVXmar H$m VH$mOm h& CgHo$ {ga na `hr ^` gdma ahVm h {H$
16

"~mUdmX' Bg eX go `{X "~mU' eX H$mo {ZH$mb {X`m Om` Vmo {g\$ "dmX
({dMma)' hr ~MVm h Ama ha {dMma H$m {Z_mVm `pV hr hmoVm h& Ogo A~oS>H$admX
Ho$ {Z_mVm S>m. A~oS>H$a, JmYrdmX Ho$ {Z_mVm JmYr, ~wdmX Ho$ {Z_mVm JmV_ ~w h&
Cgr H$ma ~mUdmX Ho$ {Z_mVm ^r ~mU hr h& ~mUdmX H$mo ~mUdmX Bg{bE

H$hm OmVm h `m|{H$ BgHo$ {Z_mVm ~mU h, BgH$m g~go `mXm bm^ ~mU H$mo hr
hAm h Ama Cg {dMma H$mo qOXm aIZo H$m Ama \$bmZo H$m g~go `mXm `mg ~mU
hr H$aVm h& ~w Zo Bda Ho$ ApVd H$mo ZH$maZo Ho$ {b`o CH$> VH$ {X`m h& ~w
H$hVo h {H$gr dVw Ho$ ApVd go {H$gr dVw H$m {Z_mU hmoVm h& `{X Hw$N> ^r dVw
ApVd _o Zhr h Vmo Hw$N> ^r {Z_mU Zhr {H$`m gH$Vm (Some thing is made
out of something. Nothing is made out of nothing)& dgo hr ~mU hmoZo
H$s dOh go hr ~mUdmX nXm hAm h& `{X ~mU hr Cn Zhr hmoVm Vmo ~mUdmX
^r nXm Zhr hAm hmoVm&
AnZm `pVJV M[a gwYmaZo Ho$ H$maU Hw$N> ~XVa go ~ohVa ~mU {_b gH$Vo
h& bo{H$Z EH$ AN>m (Best) ~mU Zhr {_b gH$Vm& Ogo EH$ Jwbm_ Ho$ {b`o
CgH$m _m{bH$ ~ohVa hmo gH$Vm h& bo{H$Z _m{bH$ AN>m Zhr hmo gH$Vm& `m|{H$
AN>m AmX_r _m{bH$ Zhr hmo gH$Vm Ama _m{bH$ AN>m AmX_r Zhr hmo gH$Vm& Bg
H$ma A` ~mUm| H$s VwbZm _o Hw$N> ~mU ~ohVa hmo gH$Vo h& bo{H$Z ~mU AN>m
Zhr hmo gH$Vm `m|{H$ `{X dh AN>m ~mU hmoVm Vmo AnZo AmnH$mo Xygao Om{V`m| Ho$
_wH$m~bo lo> `m| _mZVm Ama Xygam| Ho$ A{YH$ma {N>ZH$a AHo$bm hr bm^mpdV `m|
hmoVm?
~{hH$V ^maV Ho$ {Og AH$ _o ~m~mgmho~ Zo _ ~mU Ho$ {damoY _| Zhr hy `h Omo
H$WZ {H$`m h Cgr AH$ Ho$ AJboI _o ~m~m gmho~ H$hVo h ""F$doX H$mb Ho$ nMmV
O~ ~_Xod H$s gy{V hAm V^r ~mU Om[VdmMH$ ~XV_rO AmbmX nXm hB Ama
ChmoZo nhbo AnZo BX{JX Koam ~Xr H$a br Ama Bg Koam~Xr Ho$ ~mX ~mU-Ja~mU
^oX^md nXm hAm&'' AmJo ~m~m gmho~ `h ^r H$hVo h {H$ "~mUm| H$s A_Jb JJm
H$m CXJ_ ~mUdJ go hr hAm&'
Bg{bE O~-VH$ ~mU ahoJm V~ VH$ ~mUdmX ahoJm hr& Eogm H$hm OmVm
h {H$ Mmoa H$mo _V _mamo, Mmoa H$s _m H$mo _mamo& `m|{H$ Mmoa H$mo nXm H$aZodmbr _m
O~ VH$ qOXm ahoJr V~ VH$ Mmoa Ho$ {Z_mU H$s nanam H$m`_ ~Zr ahoJr& Bgr Vah
~mUdmX `h Mmoa h Ama Cg Mmoa H$s _m ~mU h& Bg{bE O~-VH$ ~mUdmX
H$mo nXm H$aZo dmbr ~mU Om{V ApVd _o ahoJr V~-VH$ ~mUdmX H$mo I_ Zhr
{H$`m Om gH$Vm& ~mUdmX EH$ {dMmaYmam h& dh AnZo Amn Zhr \$bVr, ~mU
Cgo \$bmVm h CgH$m Mma-gma H$aVm h& Xygao bmoJ Cgo Zhr \$bmVo {g\$ CgH$m
nmbZ H$aVo h& ~mUdmX \$bmZo go {g\$ ~mU H$mo hr bm^ hmoVm h Ama Xygamo H$m
ZwH$gmZ hmoVm h&
JmV_ ~w Zo "gdOZ {hVm`, gdOZ gwIm`' Ho$ ~Om` "~hOZ-{hVm`,

17

18

CgHo$ dJ Ama d`{$H$ dmWm] H$mo hm{Z Z nhMZo nm`o&

f)

Riddles in Hinduism

VmdZm
`h nwVH$ CZ AmWmAm| H$mo CXKm{Q>V H$aVr h {Oho ~mU VdkmZ H$m Zm_
XoVo h& `h CZ gm_m` qhXy OZm| Ho$ {b`o h, Omo `h OmZZm MmhVo h {H$ ~mUm|Zo
Ch| {H$g XbXb _o \$gm {X`m h Ama BgH$m Coe Ch| {ddoH$ H$m amVm {XImZm h
&
nwVH$ H$m Xygam Co` qhXwAm| H$m `mZ Bg Ama AmH$> H$aZm h {H$ ~mUmoZo
`m-`m Mmbo Mbr Ama Ch| Ahgmg H$amZm h {H$ ~mUmoZo Ch| {H$VZm N>bm,
{H$VZm Jw_amh {H$`m&
nwVH$ nT>Zo go `h nVm MboJm {H$ ~mUmo _o EH$mEH$ ~Xbmd H$go Am`m& EH$
g_` do d{XH$ XodVmAm| H$s nyOm H$aVo Wo& {\$a EH$ g_` Eogm Am`m {H$ Chm|Zo d{XH$
XodVmAmo go {H$Zmao H$a {b`m Ama Ad{XH$ XodVmAm| H$mo Z_Z H$aZo bJo& H$moB CZgo$
nyNo>, B, d$U, ~_m Ama {_ H$hm h {OZH$m doXm| _o CboI h, do g^r bwV hmo
J`o, `m| ? Bg{bE {H$ B, d$U, Ama ~_m H$s nyOm H$aZm bm^X Zhr ahm&
~mV `hr VH$ Zhr h {H$ ~mUmoZo d{XH$ XodVmAm| H$m nyOZm N>moS> {X`m, ~pH$ Eogo
CXmhaU h {H$ do _wpb_ nram| Ho$ _warX ~Z J`o&
Bg g~Y _o EH$ dbV CXmhaU h& ~~B Ho$ nmg H$`mU _o nhmS>r H$s MmoQ>r
na EH$ nra ~m~m _bJemh H$s _eha XaJmh h& `h ~hV hr {g XaJmh h& ha
gmb dhm Cg bJVm h Ama MT>mdm MT>m`m OmVm h& XaJmh H$m nra EH$ ~mU h
Omo _wgb_mZm| Ogr nmoemH$ nhZo dhm {damO_mZ ahVm h Ama MT>mdm ~Q>moa boVm h&
`h g~ H$_mB H$m YYm h, Y_ OmE ^mS >_o& ~mU H$mo {g\$ X{jUm go _Vb~ h&
XaAgb ~mUmo Zo Y_ H$mo `mnma ~Zm aIm h&
`m ~m~mgmho~ Ho$ CnamoV g^r H$WZ ~mU H$o {damoYr Zhr h? nmR>H$ BgH$m
{ZH$f Ad` {ZH$mb gH$Vo h&

~mU Ama ~mUdmX _| `m AVa h?

~hOZ-gwIm`' H$m Zmam `m| {X`m? `h ~mV O~ _ ~Vm ahm Wm V~ EH$ `pV Zo
_wPo H$hm {H$ Amn JbV ~Vm aho hmo& V~ _Zo CgH$mo nyN>m {H$ H$go? V~ ChmoZo H$hm
{H$ ~w Zo "^dVw g~ _Jb' ^r H$hm h `mZr g^r H$m H$`mU hmoZo H$s ~mV H$hr h&
V~ _Zo Ch| g_Pm`m {H$ ~w H$s XmoZm| ^r ~mVo AnZr-AnZr OJh ghr h& bo{H$Z
XmoZm| Ho$ gX^ AbJ AbJ h& ~w Zo "~hwOZ {hVm`, ~hwOZ gwIm`' Bg gX^ _o
H$hm h {H$ `m|{H$ ~w H$m gKf Am`m] Ho$ d{XH$ gH${V Ho$ {Ibm\$ h Omo gH${V
AnOZ {hVm` Ama AnOZ gwIm` H$s gH${V h& Cgo nbQ>mZo Ho$ {b`o ~w Zo
~hwOZ {hVm` Ama ~hwOZ gwIm` H$hm h `m|{H$ gdOZ H$mo gwIr H$aZo H$s g_`m
Zhr Wr, g_`m ~hwOZmo H$mo gwIr H$aZo H$s Wr& `m|{H$ Hw$N> AnOZ Vmo nhbo hr
gwIr h Ama ~hwOZ XwIr h& Bg{bE Omo nhbo hr gwIr h CZH$mo hr gwIr H$aZo H$m
~w H$m AmXmobZ Zhr Wm& Omo ~hOZ XwIr Wo Ch| gwIr H$aZo H$m ~w H$m AmXmobZ
Wm Ama _mZdVm Ho$ X[>go dhr `m`mo{MV ^r h& "^dVw g~ _Jb' H$m gX^ `h h
{H$ ~w _hmZ _mZdVmdmXr h Ama EH$ _hmnw$f Eogm H$Xm{n Zhr H$h gH$Vm Hw$N>
bmoJm| H$m hr H$`mU hmo Ama ~mH$s g^r XwIr hmo& Eogm `{X _hmnw$f H$hVm h, Vmo
dh _hmnwf H$go hmo gH$Vm h?
am>{nVm `mo{Vamd \y$bo H$m ^r Eogm hr EH$ H$WZ h ""_wir ~w{ Zmhr - newnjm {XH$m & `mO_`o hmH$m && doX d`m&&
{V _h_X _mJ ~mhUmgr && Yamdo nmoQ>mgr ~Ywnar&&
_mZd ^mdS>o gd EH$ ghm && `mO_`o Amhm && Vwhr gd && ~wr
gm_`mZo gwI mdo `mdo & {XZmg nmimdo && `mo{V hUo&&''
- `mZr {Oho ~w[ Zhr h Ch| doX H$mo OmZZodmbo bmoJ newAmo Ogo hmH$Vo h&
h_Zo {H$MZ, _wgb_mZ, _mVJ Ama ~mUmo H$mo `ma go noQ >go bJmZm Mm{h`o& AnZo
~w{ gm_` go Jar~m| H$m nmbZ H$aZm Mm{h`o, g^r H$mo gwIr H$aZm Mm{h`o, `m|{H$
h_ g^r _mZd EH$ g_mZ ^mB-^mB h& \y$bo gmh~ Ho$ Bg dm` go {H$ ~mUmo H$mo ^r
`ma go noQ> go bJmZm Mm{h`o BgH$m AmYma ~Zm H$a h_mao bmoJ H$hVo h \y$bo gmh~
^r ~mUmo Ho$ {Ibm\$ Zhr Wo& \y$bo gmh~ _mZdVm Ho$ _hmZm`H$ h do Eogm H$Xm{n
Zhr H$h gH$Vo {H$ {H$MZ, _wgb_mZ Ama _mJmo H$mo noQ >go bJmB`o Ama ~mUm| H$mo
bmVmo go _mar`o& AJa do Eogm H$hVo h Vmo do _mZdVmdmXr Zhr hmo gH$Vo&Xygao EH$
H$WZ _o \y$bo H$hVo h&
Am` An^e Bam`mMm Pmbm && {X_mIo hUmbm && ^Q> lo> &&
nmImS>ohr gmao doX bn{dVr && OJm bmJr ^rVr && `moVr hUo &&
`mZr BamZr eX H$m An^e Am` hmo J`m h Ama Am` AH$S>go H$hVm h ~mU

gdlo> h& CgZo doXm| H$mo {N>nmH$a nmIS> {H$`m Ama Xw{Z`m H$mo S>am`m h& `m \y$bo
gmh~ H$m `h H$WZ ~mU Ho$ {damoY _o Zhr h?

19

20

~mU, ~mUdmX `h Jmbr Zhr h

h_mao bmoJ ~mU Ama ~mUdmX H$mo Jmbr g_PVo h& `{X `h Jmbr hmoVr Vmo
\y$bo VWm ~m~mgmho~ Zo BZ eXmo H$m `moJ H$a `m ~mUm| H$mo Jmbr JbmoM H$s h?
`m \y$bo-A~oS>H$a BVZo {Jao hE _hm_mZd h {H$ do Jmbr JbmoMna CVa Am`o?
`h eX Jmbr Zhr ~pH$ {df_Vm Ho$ VrH$ h& do g_Vm, dVVm VWm ^mBMmao Ho$
Xw_Z h, do Xygam| H$mo ZrM Ama d` H$mo lo> _mZZo Ho$ VrH$ h, `h nmIS>, Jd,
emofU VWm Xygam|H$m IyZ MygZo dmbr {dMmam| Ho$ VrH$ h& _Zw_{V VWm ~mUr
Y_JW BgHo$ g~yV h&
`m \y$bo-~m~mgmho~ Bhm|Zo H$moB Eogr XS >g{hVm ~mUmo Ho$ {b`o ~Zm`r {Og_|
~mUmoH$mo ZrMm _mZmo, Ch| YZ-gn[m VWm {ejm Ho$ A{YH$ma go d{MV H$amo, CZH$mo
_V Nw>Amo, Eogm H$moB AmXoe {X`m hAm h?
BZ eXmo H$m CboI Bg{bE {H$`m OmVm h `mo{H$ do emofU Ho$ VrH$ h Ama
emo{fVmo H$mo nVm Zhr h {H$ CZHo$ emofH$ VWm Xw_Z H$mZ h? emo{fVm| H$s bS> mB`m
Aga Bg{bE hmar OmVr h `m|{H$ Ch| AnZo Xw_Z H$mZ Ama XmoV H$mZ BgH$s
nhMmZ Zhr hmoVr& do Xw_Z H$mo XmoV g_PVo h Ama XmoV H$mo hr Xw_Z g_PVo h&
Bg{bE CZH$s hma hmoVr h&
naVw h_mao bmoJ ~mU VWm ~mUdmX BZ eXm| H$mo hr Jmbr g_PVo h& h_mao
bmoJm| H$mo gmT>o VrZ {VeV ~mUmo H$s ~hV qMVm hmoVr h hmbm{H$ ~mU AnZr
qMVm H$aZo _o d` gj_ Ama geV h& Bg{bE CZH$s qMVm H$aZm BVZm `m`mo{MV
Zhr h {OVZr {H$ 85 {VeV _yb{Zdmgr ~hwOZmo H$s Omo ~mUdmX Ho$ H$maU emo{fV,
nr{S>V, bmMma, {ZamYma ~Zm`o h Ama Omo OmZda go ^r ~XVa OrdZ OrZo Ho$ {b`o
_O~ya {H$`o J`o h&

~mUm|$Ho$ AmXmobZm| _o KwgnR> H$aZo Ho$ Xwn[aUm_

h_mao g_mO Ho$ bmoJ nMmV ~w{ Ho$ bmoJ h `mZr gmam g`mZme hmoZo Ho$ ~mX
nMmVmn H$aZo dmbo bmoJ h& g`mZme Ho$ nhbo h_ gVH$ Zhr ahVo& Oha H$s narjm
Im H$a Zhr H$s OmVr Ama h_ Cgo Im H$a H$aVo h& ~mUm| H$m `h B{Vhmg ahm
h {H$ `h O~ CZHo$ {hVg~Y IVao _o nS>o V~-V~ Chm|Zo h_mao gmW ~oB_mZr H$a
fS>` aMo h Ama h_mao AmXmobZm| _o KwgnR> H$a Ch| Vhg Zhg {H$`m hAm h& KwgnR>
H$aZo Ho$ CZHo$ Xmo V h& nhbm V `h h {H$ `{X Amn gj_ Zhr h naVw Amn H$>a

~mUdmX Ho$ {damoYr h& V~ Bg ~mU {damoYr Yma H$mo ~oYma H$aZo Ho$ {b`o AmnH$mo
hr CZHo$ AmXmobZm| _o g_m{hV H$a boVo h {Ogo do g_agVm H$hVo h& g_ag hmoZo go
h_mam AnZm ApVd VWm h_mam AnZm dOyX I_ hmo OmVm h Ama {\$a h_ h_ Zhr
ahVo CZHo$ hmo OmVo h& h_mar AnZr {dMmaYmam bw hmo OmVr h Ama CZH$s {dMmaYmam
h_mao {Xbo {X_mJmo na N>m OmVr h& h_mao JwUJmad Ho$ {df` h_mao Zhr ahVo& CZHo$
JwUJmad Ho$ {df` hr h_mao {df` hmo OmVo h& Bg Vah do h_| CZ _o hr g_mH$a {ZJb
boVo h&
Xygam V h {H$ `{X Amn gj_ hmo OmVo hmo Ama CZ _o g_ag Zhr hmoVo V~ do
h_ ^r \y$bo-A~oS>H$a Ho$ AZw`m`r hmoZo H$m ZmQ>H$ H$a AmnHo$ AmXmobZm| _o KwgnR>
H$aVo h& ~mU h_mao gJR>Zm| _o h_mam CWmZ H$aZo Zhr AmVo ~pH$ ~mU{damoYr
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