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pioeorg evoq otlporoq (dpepo 136 en.) pe Koeuorepnoq eiKoor l(or nleov er6v Oeoni(eror eupelo xpllorl tou 6r06IKTUoko0 t6nou rqq fevrxilg tpoppoTeioq 4rnopiou (opepo 139 S 3, 4, opepo 144 S 3, opgpo 147 $ l). Avnouxio ev oqJer Tnq e^InvrKiq o9elTnpioq nopoTrlpei n enre0^o{n rou v6pou orr ro 6rtp6oro pnTpdo onpoTov (opgpo 147 5 3). oro onoio xoroxoJpi(ovlor oleq or onoedoerq nou oeopouv To orlpo, or orlqoetg ev6nrov rou eEelooTn xol rnq At,6v6rxo 0onnpoTo Koeci)q Koroleqor voprK6q pe1opo^eq lou onpoToq xor 0rKor6poTo eni ourou,
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ev npoKeu6v0J o rirlog eivot nopon^ovnflKoq. Aev npol(error yto rov6^oon rou 6rKotdpoToq, ollo ylo ovdloon proq eiouoioq U6vov eK rou otluoToq. O vouog6Tnq nop6let\te vo geouoeeTnoet og
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19.4.2002 unoe. C-381/2005 De Londtheer Emmonuet 0(6Oe|q 64 en, XplA 2008,356 pe nopornp Mdplvou peukett, Die Gemeinfreiheil, Tobingen, 20t2, 125 en
ElMvq
53(2012)
G9
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en Kor und To npoioxrjoov dikoro (opgpo 7)3e. N/e Tnv puepron ouln erooveror pnypo ornv opxn Tou operoPlnlou Tou onporoq. O xorooerqq exouoioq
neplopi(er Trlv 6kroon npoorooioq Tou pel^ovTtKo0 6rKor6po16gTou, 6reukol0vovroq pe Tov rp6no ou16 Kor Tnv KoToxrlpron Tou onporoq rou l\,4nopei -ovrieeTo npoq ro npoioxrioov 6ixoroa0- onoteOnnole xol
dntrri:-
nopouevouv ornv
pioeoq Oo onoTeloooe oveniTpenTn xorooTpoT6ynon p6oo Trlq 6rorp6oeoq vo npopei o KoTo6Inq/onpoTooxoq oe 0re0puvon Tov onpotv6uevov
npoi6vrov/unrlpeor6v rlror vo npooreeo0v npoi6vro/unnpeoieq nou 6ev qrov orrlv opxtxrl xordoeorl H xpovrKR npoTepor6TrlTo Kdoe TurlponKflq 6nIdoeog Koroe6oeoq n Korox0iploe('oq ovoTo6xer
6T1
6ev
oreKdrKei *6F
xorrilporo, oe oproljsvo .Un ouot6dn, oTotxeio Tou 6rllog6vToq onpoloq, oq npog To onoio 6ppeoo
Trlq opxtKnq
KoToe6oeoq
6toKptTtKn
ouvopn
Gdis-
ovoepeTor npoeovdq oTrq eemK6q KoropvnlK6q e[ouoieq, evd) 0iq pn ouor6dn orlpe(r rou o(porog Bo np6ner vo
-r1.:ort,rv
Apo dev ofl6^IuTor n xpovtKfl npoTepor6Tnro. tuv6nero rqg 6rorp6oecog eivot dl To i6to otlUo toxuet Ue
Trlv 1610 nUepopnviic KoTog6oeoq yro 6roqopelxd
npoi6vio
unnpeoieq.
oeopnooov ro pn Kupiopxo
(ii) vo npopeioe onl('don neptopropo(j npoi6vrov
orlUooioq, ornv edorl Trtq Koroe6oeoq ovoeolveror, 6T0v p6poqTov onpotvopevcJv epnopeupdrov/
r'tunnpeor6v nou ovoeepovrot oTrl oFl^oorl Koroe6oeoq. Yn6 ro v 223911994 o neptoptop6q ouT6q 6ev nlov unoxpeonk6q vo ovoeeperot uKord I6(n ornv onloon,. EpprlveutKd eo np6ner roUro vo yfver dexT6 Kor un6 Tnv v6o pooptorl. H 6uvoT6Tnro
oulil
uei
vo' npoi6vTo/unrlpeoieq oTnv Koroxdpton, ev6 ro nv 066 rov ovoKonov K.An. fevr(dTepo To onoTe^eopo rnq 6totp6oe0Jq eivol
6110 rpqpo oKo^ougei
our6voueq l(oToeeoetq n ouT6vopo onUoro, pe {exoproTq n^6ov nopeto kor voprxq goipo H 0uvoT6rrlTo ouTn 6xet enionq onpooio, toioq oTtq neotnr6-
oq
Kol
Tou onuoroq
(dpepo
130),
o onoioq oeoni(eror
49 Kov. 20712009).H p0epron, oeftvet ou-
oerq 6nou viveTot 0tdonoon proq entxetpnoeoq lx nolouvror K^ddot rnq n oufl1 otoondTot oe 600 pt(polepeq erotpieg pe 6toeopeTr(6 neOio entxetpnuoflKnq opoorrlptdrnroq. O onoxrdrv rov xtroooc it rrlv euyoTprxfl eTotplo no^Ieq eopeq 6i6et onpooiq
pnopeivo Ototp6-
oer rrlv 0rlloorl KoTo06oeoq n rnv Korox6pton Tou orlpoTog ovTioTotxo, 6n^6vovToq 6fl 6vo 4Jnpo rov npor'ovTov n rov unnpeot6v nou neptloUgdvovrol olqv opxrKil6n^0Joq n Korox6pton go onolei6oouv
H rpiTn nopdypoeog rou 6p0pou 130 pueui(el (irnpo rnq ovoKoniq xoTd Tng 6n^6oeoq KoToTnq
B6oeoe
TpnpoTtK6v 6nA0l-
otnoeoq e(nr6oeoq n
oKup6rnToq.
dtoKptTrKit
6v6er[n
oIId
To onporVopevo npoi6vTo
Ee6oov n 6todtKoolo 6ev 6xel neporoeel OeopelTor onop60exrrl 11 oirqoq 6rorp6oetr.rg nou 6xer trrg onoroieopo rrlv 6toipeon Tov npoi6vlov llTov unnpeor0iv nou onoTe^ouv ovTtKeipevo t4g oxerrxqq
orTnoeoq ovoKonRq, eKnT6oeoq r] oKup6lrlroq rnq KoToxopioe0Jg. O vouoe6rnq ent6t6rer pe rov rp6no ouT6 vo onoeoyet rrlv 6yepoq neptoool6o0Jv
39 Mapivoc,
LiKoto
Jdrov
Instilute for Intellectuolproperty ond Competition Low Study on the Overoll Functioning of the Europeon lrodemork Sys_ tem 2 38 en.
ovoxonov K.In. O v6poq 6ev puep(er ro (nTnuo ov pnopeivo ovoKlqeein olTrlon 6totp6oeoq. Kord rnv ope6lepn dnoqrn rouTo Oev eivot 6uvorov
H
(ot p6xpl
eeereiou ou(nrioeoq
ro nou eixov 6nlogei i KoToxoproeeinptv ono rnv eeon oe roxo rou v6uou (opepo 182 S 7).
ga
E'r\Mv4 53(2012)
Vlll. To
OUIlOvtKnq eKre^6oeoq.,
To 6rxorrirporo propqxovrxqq r6toKTnoioq 0Jq nAhpn oulo oyoed eivor oeKrrKo leroBrBdoeoq Kol
eKlero^Ie0oeoq. K60e ovrrreipevo un6 ro xoBeoTdq lou AK peTo9tBo(eTot ue evoxrKrl (ot e(notnllKn dtKoronpo[io Eivor o opxrpndetoq r6noq yto pro evroio ouornpolxR pugptorl Krrloeoq Kot eKUeToIIeUoeog Kdee poperlq neptouotoxo0 6tKot6uoToc oe oldK^npo To tdtoTrKd oiKoro yno To noiouo ouTd
eneppoivet oupnlnpoiloTtxo eKei 6nou rl et6tKn vopoeeoio oenver Kevo 6ev 610O6rer KoO6Iou p0Opton. Aur6 rox0er ror yro ro duAo ovoed oq et6tKn vouoeeoio nou puepi(et et6tkd neptouoroxd 6txorrir_
xopfq vo drivoTot o 6rxoro0xoq vo npopoler ro 6F Koiopo Tnq npoootnrxorqrog lou OuotKo To oplo our6 roxoet !6vov yro rqv xpqoq Tou ov6poToq Tou clq 6toKptlKn 6v6er[n epnopeupdrov kot oxt oq
ovol.rorrxil dv6er{q.
2.
Meropipoo.t ofttiotoq
To drxoiol.to oro oqpo otrio xor ro 6rxoir,t1.ro npoodoxiqq eni outo0d2, nou yevvoTor pe lqv Koroxc0pqoq eivot nMpn ouvo^IoKlKd ovlxel;:evo. Meroprpd(ovror ev (orq q onio eovdrou ylo ro ou-
,f,
:ll{i{'
,.!s
poro pe rn popen on6luTou Kol onoK^etoltkoo 6tKor6poToq. H erorKq vopoeeoio neplorjlov oyoe6v
6ev TpononoteiTov poorro our6 xov6vo nou Ot6nel Koee neptouoroKn peroFipoorl oroo6nnore !openq, eire Koveiq ovoedperor oe 016Klnpo 6rxo{ttpo eire
volo f| p6poq rov npoi6vTov tt unrtpeot6v (UeptKtl peropipooq)43 ove{oprqro ond rnv peropipoon rnq
l3l S l). MeprKit peToBiBoon oflpoToq Ix yro runpo rQq e^InvtKiq enrxporeroq 6ev eivot 6uvoTn. Avnpoiver orrlv opxq rou evoiou rou orlpoToq. H one[dpTQon on6 r4v enrxeiprloq e{_
Tou
enrxerpnoeoq (6ppo
Tou. Aoo
.a!,r,
i.l*
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orn peropipooq rou onpoToq eo np6net vo yivel 0tdKplon pero[0 evoxlKnq/unooxeTtKF]q xol exnotnTt_ n onoio 6torp6xer ol6l(lqpo ro oixoro rov ouvolloydv Oq evoxtKit drroronpo[io rox0sr Kdee couso, Ix n6^qon, peTopfgoon oe erot_ pio i6y0r eroeopdq, o0;rpoo4 oupgtpoouou oIId
Knq drKoronpo[ioq,
rou onporoq, nolor6repo oroeepn nopdpeTpoq Tou dtKoiou rov orlpdlov. ovrlKet nldov oTqv tolopio rou otKoiou Tnq 6tovorlTtKnq totoKTqoioq. To onuo oKoloueei Trlv ;loipo 6trt_rv rov ollov oyoeov bF ovoQlKnq tdloKrnoioq. l\lerogroo(eror eleugepoq
AuT6 dlloore ro drogoponorel 6noq Kot To 6110 6rKol6poTo dtovoqlKnq t6toKrrlo{oq, on6 Io OlKoio_ po npooontKornroq, ro onoio eivorpev dulo ovoe6
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An6 rnv opxr.l rnq e^euepqq peTogrpooeoq rou oflporoq ouvdveror 6l ro oqpo elvor ovrrreipevo epnpoypdrov 6txorropdrotv (ev6xupo, enrxopnio). Koloox6oeoqKor undyetor otqv nrcoxeurrxrl neprouoio (opepo 133), xrrrpiq vo enrlped(er ro yeyov6q
olld
H
ei_
peroFipoon rqq enrxerp4oeoq oro odvolo nc enreepet Kot rnv peroplgoon rou orlporoq, exr6q ov
ouvdyeTot KoTt
dllo ooe6q
:.,1
on6
Trg
nptorooetq
unopxer
ov
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(dpgpo l3l
S 2)aa. Oq
'1.
6l
peTopiooon
nq entxetpnoeoq
Bo np6net vo
eopn-
onorelefTol on6 ro ovoljo rou onporooxou. H oxerrxq 6rdro{q rou npotox0oovroq OtKoiou (dpepo 24
S
oei n nepinToon dnou q enrxelpqoq ;reroprpd(eror otov onoxrdlvto otq ouvo^o Kot 6xr dlov yivelot oIAoyn Tou erorptKod Tunou i perogi0oon TqqeTotprKnq oupperoxnq n peToxdv (shore deot)
ri'j
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rogeoQ rou ov6uor6q rou oq oQpo, o qop6og rou ovoUotoq/enovuploq Kot oTrlv ouv6xeto 6rroto0xoq rou ovopoTt(oU onporoq ouvorvei ornv epnopeupo_ ronoinon rou. Oo nrov ovTteoTr|(6 on6 T4v 1.rro peprd vo 6xer 6leq Ig oe6lereg rr]q eUnopeupoTonotnoe_
og ourdq, xropig dprlg Touq xrv6Uvouq. Ovouonx6 onuo eleue6poq ntrov peroprpd(eror xot onoTeiei
42. O vdpoq !d,\lov orxvo oulei ev npoxerpdvto yro lo drKoiopo ornv oirnon Koroedoeoq (6nidloeoq), evvo6vroq
npoeovdq ro 6t(oroJpo npoo6o(ioq 43. 116q ytv6rov oe(ri un6 ro npoiox0oov 6fKoto, Mopl,
yoq AtKoto oqp6r@v op 493.
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dpepo t7
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ov
Kor n 6roru-
noorl rou vopou enrTpenet Kot rnv ovrigeTn dnoQrl H 6l^erQn Tou iornov dev Ko8roro r4v peropipoon 6Kupn (AK 180)'6. Oo llTov iooq ovTteolxo on6 rnv
pto peptd eni lteroptpooeoq o runoq Vo entTelelou_
oToTrKQ
xoipiq To KotvorKd fpoeeio lnpdrov vo onorTeiTol vo npopei oe 6peuvo, neptoptop6g o onoioq ore_ veOer oqpovlrxd ro nedio ouTng TQq e{otp6oerlt'r.
H
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xpnoeoq
Kdee neplnru:orl o 6yypogoq runoq onorre{Tot p6vov yro rqv exnor4rrxd Orxoronpo(io (.perop!
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KoTopyeiror o geop6q Trtq nopd^lQlnq Koroe6_ oe0jq, ovoxpovrolk6 xordtrorn6 rou ov l99g/.1939.
Poont
T0JV
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0 KoToxopton go ee0jpngef oq opoq rou eveovorj (dpopo l3l S 3 e6 p). H xoroxtipron oro Unrpoo Oev 6xer o(on6 vo oreuKo^Uvet Tqv (oAontoTq Krnon oiporoq. n onoio 6ev eivor 6uvorn. H peTogigoon
olo
prrltpiito. onou
o onoioq eixe noUoet npo notrIo0 vo 6xer oroDqno_ re orlpooio orDV npoqq, ev6 Onptoupyoooe no^_ Id oovuortKo npoplnuoro, IqpoTo nou Kord Tnv
Tou nop6vroq vdpou 6xouv dnlogei KoToxoptogei oq nopollnln |(oTooeon 6IIou xpovrKdnpovev6oTepou orlporog, rox0ouv Kot
6vop[n rox0oq
npo_
6ev
ITo peoodrdorqpo o0peovo pe rnv toxrjouoo oTo ooIK6 diKoro oeoJpio Trlq rlprrlpdvnq oKUp6Tn_
npoyl.loTrKo0 rQq dtKotonpo[iot'B,
oroTe0ovrot ouueovo pe ro niip6vro v6po (dpopo 182 S 9). npoKetrol yto droro[r] nou 6rlproupyei eo_ unveunKd npoo^rlporo, ov 6nL npooToreoovlot oq oulovopo onporo. To K0poq rnq nopoilnln KoTo-
roxoert
vfl Tov rpiTov eivot oe Usr6opn KordoToon (n6ev H nlrlpoon rou opou oonyei ornv eyKupo_
rog A6yo eliei,JJeoq opou rou evepyo0, exroq rou 11 peroFipoo0 evo-
rrlro, evdr q poroiutor] rou orlv oKUp6TnTo (AK lgo) Anouotd(et np6BIeUq _ nopd nv ovrigeTn eronv
e6oog Q KoToxopioeoq onporoq 6ev eiyerot, ov 6ev ovoveoeei To np6Tepo orlpo, rou onoiou ono-
6Keeon- o0peovo pe Trlv onoio unrlpeoi,c on_ n pdrov pnopei vo opvrleei rnv rordoeon, e06oov
npopl6neTol Kor6 ro yevrxd roxuovro oro dixoro otovonflKiq t6roKrnoioq rt nopox6pQon onlnq fl
nlovnoeogrou (otvori, r6toiTepo vto rnv euon, notornro R rnv yeoypoQtKn npodleuorl rov eunooeu_
unnpeor6v yro To onoio eo onoveuneei ro onpo, 6nog npo0^6ner ro xorvorrx6 olpo (doepo l7 $ I xt-t6tx. Kov 20712009). Exeiyiveror oUoC 6eKr6
udlov
opdvo n yro o^o To epnopeuporo/unrlpeoieq, Vto ro orrvolo i yro p6poq rnq ellnvtKiq enrxpdreroq (dpepo 133 S l). H opxn rou evroiou rou oqporog6ev
enep0oiver ev npoKerpdvo. H onoK^etoTrKn d6elo xpnoeoq 6xet on6^uro
onoxleloTrKnq d6etoq xpnoe0Jq. H o6ero lnopel vo oeopd eevr(6 n 6reev6q onpo. Xop4yeiror yro opr_
6Tr
Trlq peTogt0doeorq,
Schennen
45 Erony t(geoo o. 3 46. Aur6 toxret (or ornv peroBiFoo0 KotvonKou onpoloq
oe
verordnung,
3. Aufl. KOln
4Z Io
olnv FonyqTlkn txeeorl. n^6ov Koee onoKletdoeto xprloetoq oro oixoro lqq orovorlnrqq rOroxrqoiog, Touloxtorov oro oipo, eupeotlexvio (or 6tKoiouo nveupoTtknq r6roxrqoioq exet on6^u_ ro xopoKrrlpo. To0ro evrox0er Trlv npoorooio Tou
Kor
oTrKR
onoKlerol_
48. Auyouo ovdKn;, No8 1991, 136" pe noponoun6q, Aoddc. fvrx6q opx6q qouod 6i(oiou 2008. lt S73 en, o onoloq geopei 6t Korqxprlolxd (oleiror
roq qprnp6vq (o. 574)
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oKupdrn_
50 Sosnilzo
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s3(2012)
npooFo^6o GooKouvrot ouloTe^6q,) (dpBp-o 133 S 4). AnorTeiTor 0JoTooo oKoUn rl ouvoiveoq rou onporouxou. Eeooov oUoq 6ev 6xel oupQovqeei6loQopeTrKo, o onoKIeroItK6q o6eto0xog pnopeiKol xopiq Tnv ouvo{veon Tou orluolorixou vo ooKnoel ovoYn
ro 6r nleov q nopoxc,rpqorl ooeroq xpnoeurq 6ev onorTei onoeoon rlq AEI, 6norq uno Io Kolopvrle6v opepo 16S I v.2291)994.t-e ovtigeon pe Inv pelopi'
Boon 0 odero xpnoeurqdev onorTeiluno Apo pnopei eeoJpnTrxd vo nopoxoprlgefl(or pe npoeoprKq 0nIoJon, ev6 dev onorTeiTor6yypoeoq T0noq. NIe rov Ip6no ouT6 6ev 6xern^6ov ovlrKeipevo n ovlrnopoeeon
c,.rq
nepi nopoleirfeoq Inq npoopolnq KoK. npounoeeon eivor 6r oeevoq 6xet et6onorn06i oxeTrKo xor oeerdpoJ 6ev eyeiper oyoyq='npoorooioq tou
oflproroq evroq *euloYou xpovlKou olooTnuoloq,5' Irnv oxelKrloiKn o odero0xoq 6xet 0tKolojtio nopepBdoec,Jq, 6nou pnopeivo (nlnoer Kor ono(qpioorl o '133 S 5)5'? idroq Vro Tqv (npio nou un6oTn (opepo npopl6neror pe e6rKit ouupolrKn poepron n xo-
lX An6lero 6rKor6uoroq
l. ErooyolyrK6q nopotrlpnoerq
O vdpoq
ffi.
oflynon unod6eroq
Kor
xpf1oer.,.rg
16oo ornv
onlrl ooo
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onoleioq Gonoop6oe0Jq,) rou 6rkot6poToq eni Tou onporoq. tuornpoTrKd pnopouv vo 610Kpreouv pe
ond nor6v npo6pxeror n np{rlogou^io nou obnyei ornv on6^ero Tou 0rKor6uoroq. Ano rrlv Uro peprd o Orxorouxoq Unopei vo pqv ovovedroer ro oilpo rou (dpepo 148) n pnopel vo noporrnoe( on6
KprTilpro
133 S
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on rou unooderoixou KoToloyi(elor oTov onUoTo0xo (dpepo 125 S 2 oTorx. y). H xopnvrtort Kor n pqlrlq d6eroq xpqoeoq onorlorjv evqp6pooq lou^ft(rl rpdrou (op8po ]33 S I i(or 6). To oxenK6 0opoq eepouv or ouu9otrI6pevor. np6Kerlor vro onoirnorlTou xopiq vo vo1.nu 11 onoio 6xer 6rl^on(n ^erroupyio enr6p6 oro x0poq rnq o6erog. l-ro np6rn eopd o v6Uoq puepi(etnq o[rcboerq rou
onpoTo0xou KoTo rou o6ero(xou (onlorj n onoKleroflKoU), oodKg ouloq nopopoiver rouq oupgolrKo0q
our6 (6p0po
159).
An[
1qv str1r']
6po9l6ner tr6youq
eKnT6oeoq Kor oxup6rnrog (opgpo 160 Kor l6l), neprnluloerq nou ouoTnpoflKo evldooovlor oTnv 610YpoQrl Tou onporog H 6uvor6lnlo ouTn evepyonoreiTor ono Tplrouq.
Yn6 ro npoiox0oov oiKoro or eKnl6oeoq Kor ^oyor o(updTqroq eixov evToxeei onv opnp6^o Tnq 610-
n ouoTnpoTtKil dtdxpron ornv onolo npoooiver ro xotvoTtK6 oipo (qpgpo 50 en. K0rdrKon. Kov. 207120Oq), To onoio ierToripyqoe oq vopo0eTrK6 np6runo xor oTo npoKelpevo (qTnpo. H ordKprorl peTo(U eKnr6oeoq Kot oKup6Tqroq eiurogeTeiTor
ypoenq nleov
Tou
onUoroq.
^etToupvio onopiepnon eivor onoxAerorrxll H on^oon Tou onporouxou npoq Tnv unnpeoio onpdlov 6T1 6^qie n odeto xprloeoq enre6per .ouTooixoro' Trlv 610vpoen Trlq ooeroq on6 ro unrp6o
Kor oxer(o0 onopo66Krou (6p0po 123, 124). YnoPdIIeIor evroq (onoo9eonxiq) npo8eopiloq n6vre er6v on6 rnv Korox6pron lou oqUoroq, p00pror1 nou orKoroloyefrot on6 rnv ooed^eto Tou orxoiou xor Trlv npoorooio To epnroroo0vqq ru:v rpirc,rv. Av 6lJ6C__-- , To onpo 6xer KoToxoproeei (oK6nroro 6ev ugioroTor onoopeonKit npooeopio (dpgpo 162 S 4). Avrre6roqorouo eK rov rpr6v rou dpepou ^6yov l6l (I6yorokup6rnroq un. optep. B Kory) oev undKet-
Idlou
ouvopounq
(opepo
133 S 7).
Iq;rovrrril rorvoropio rou vouogeTQ pe peioorlrou Koorouq yro lq enlxerpqoerq xor rrq ouvotrioy6q eivol
^6yo orqv on6Ioyov eKnToloeog (dpgpo 160) odnyei Ielo lou 6rKor6poloq eni Tou oqporoq ex nuncsa.
qp
575.
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EllAv4 53(2012)
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AvTrg6roq n dtovpoefl enetdn ouvrpexouv ^6vol okupornToq (opopo 123. 124) oonyeiornv on6ope_ orl ex tunc. I6yo rou opxtKod (voptKod elorTdpo-
6r
on Tou onpoTorjxou vo nopotlnBeiono ro orlpo (op_ epo 159 S 3). H nopoiTnon on6 to btKoiouo eniTou
oQpoToq oev ennped(er dAIo 6tKor6poTo ro onoio
lx
OOnyfoq 2008/95).
nopd rqv brorunooq rou vopou np6Ketror yto ovo\/vojptoTrKn oyovn pe 6tonIoown eK Iovov npoorooi,cq Tov ouvoLloyojv N4e ^etroupvio rqv oycovlt
ouTi ovovvopi(eTor rl 0nopqn ev6q0oorro0 vo;lrxori etrorr6poroqnou pop0ver ro ofi;ro, ro onoto ov etxe
yivet ovr|lrlnT6, 6ev eo eixe o6nyqoet orqv xoroxcir_ pron Tou onpoToq. O vouog6Tnq -oooro- ee6onoe
Io dpgpo 160 erooyet rov eeop6 rnq eKnr6oec0(. Epnepr6xet idyouq eKnr6oeoq (6toVpoenq un6 ro npoyeveoTepo 6{xoro), or onoior ovoo6oovror oe e[etrI(erq 11 neprordoerq nou drluroupvilgnKov peTo Tqv (oToxdpton Tou onloToq xor 6xouv ono(Tfloel
populqTo 6ore vo drxoroloyoUv rnv 6Knloon ono ro 6tkoi0jpo eni Tou ouyKe(prp6vou olporoq. O v6poq pvnpoveuet Tpelq oe onox)\erorrxfr
T6Toro
neptrTn rnv puepron rou npotoxuoovToq 6tKoiou (6pgpo 23 v 2239/1994) o,peavo pe Tnv onoio To drKoiolio eni rou onporoq onoog6vvuror peTd rnv
onopigpnort(6ppo t60
neporoon r4g exxoopioer.oq rou vol.trr<o0 npooronou lrrlv nepinr0jon ourn q onoopeon eivol our6_
gpoq ouv6nero rrlg e(oeovioeoq rou eop6o rou.
2. nopoilnon
H nopoilnorl 6xet xerpoeeTrloeion6 nv 610ypo_ 94 rou o(poroq, open entloyQ on6 vopoTexvtKn Kot vo;rooerrrl dnoLl.rq. Eivot povopepnq oneueuvr6o
^dvouq S l). (i) 6IIerq.,n ouotooTlKrlq xpnoeoq u6oo oe 6tdorrl_ po n6vre er6v on6 rlv xoroxdptorl lou
onloloq
dn^oon Poulrloe0jq, n onoio xoreue0veTot ornv no_ poiToorl on6 6vo onolulo (ol onortrerorrx6 6rxoic,.r-
;ro fiveror evypdgog Kor nopover onorel6otloTo povov !e rnv l<oroxdrprol r4g oro pqrp6o onudrov
Apo eivot ouoToflKrl
UoT0JV
(dpgpo
16t, ng xpnoeoq Tou onporoq on6 rov drrorouxo, to ofl;ro 6xer KorooTel nooon^ovnflK6
160 S I
orolx
V).
Tqv KoTox6pton
6roypo94 on6 ro
Brg^io
on-
O v6poq 66xeror 16oo orqv yevtKn 600 Kot Tnv peprxrl nopoiTnoq (opopo iS9 t). rl $ onoio ooood p6vov ro oqporv6pevo npo.rovro 11 unrlpeoieq xor oxrTprlpo rou oRporoq oqnpoqro onoio 6ev voeiTot
nopoir4orl. Ener6l pe rqv povopepq drltroton noooF rnoeoq onoop6vvuvror ev6exopeveq doeleq xpnoeoq eniTou onporoq, o voUoq eeTeroq nOoUn6ee_ oq rou nopo6exro0 rnq noporrnoeoq on66er[n
evvopo oupe6pov Tou vo oo(rloet ovoKonR |(oro rqg onogooeog rou e(erooTn nou 6Kove oexm 6n_
ypoen l6vo oKupdrnroq olld yro enryevdlevn noponlovrlTrKi xpnon. Enrorlpoiveror ofl n 6^Iet{.rn ouoroorrr{q xp(oe_ oq q euloyou nou vo drKotoloyei rnv o6uvo_ ^6you uio ouoroor|x4q xpnoeoq oTepei rov rpiro on6 To
noponlovrlTtK6 OilUo, on6r ou_ vrpexet ldyog ono^0Tou onopoo6KTou Kol 6to_
140 S t.
4)
l6yo oxup6tqroq
Tnqokup6rnroc Avri_
nv
BeTo npoq rnv dKnroon ooqyoroe ornv ex lunc on6llo rou dt(ol6u arcc" Mopivo|, Ai(olo onpdrov op. 640
55.
To i6to (ot
Els.ent0hr/Schennen, Gemeinschof
52 Rdn 3.
ouverpexov i64 Kord rqv xoroxcirpro4 rou onporoq onoi0lov kot oxellK6v onopo66xrov ^6youq (dpepo 16l S l).
nTot
56
AEK on6 21
4 2006,
unoe.C-l[Sl2lliLevi
(jil
El,\Avn s3(20'12)
Kpiorpoq eivor o xp6vog KoToxopioeojq lou oiloroq, 6noq ouvdveTor ono To dpgpo 16l S L lMe-
ot
oronnpn ouvorveon
royev6olepeq oIIoy6q rou oi -rotoq n o^Ioyn rnq ovnlrlqJerdq Tov oLVoIIoYdiv 6ev pnopouv vo Inegoov uno(Jrv AvrKeipevo eivor Io onpo dnoq
6xer KoloxoJpngeikor oxr onorq xpqorUonoreiror onq
dKup6rrlroq
ouvo^IoV6q. Apo dev ooKei ev npoKerpevo entppor'l Kor evoexopevn pero0oI0 rqq ovTrlft$eog rov
KoTd Io rl oiTnorl I6Vo eKnT6oeoq Kot oKU^ornd porqroq unoFd^Ieror ono xdee Tpiro nou 6xer6vvo-
ouvoltroVriv
O neproprop6q our6q oe opxrKo {vourKd e^orT6poTo' e{unnpelei Tnv ooedlero Tov ouvolloy6v Koredoi -yro rov i6ro l6yo- n onopiepnon eivoronoKIeroTrKn. E[oipeor] onoTelei n xoTooeorl oitroroq n onoio 6yrve xox6nroro q ovrixenor orqv xoM niorn,
po oupq6pov (dpepo 162 S l) pe ofioon rou ornv unqpeolo onpolov. [lp6xerror oq npoq rouq treyopevoug onoAUIou onopoderlou, or onoior ^6youg oeopoov Inv oirqoq oxup6rqroq yto eogolp6vn
vopogenKn enrloyn.
Av eivqr o^n96q 6n or
ono^UTou onopo-
(dppo
123 S 3 ororx. Oo np6ner vo yiver 6eKrd orl Kpioruo eivor Io xpovrK6 oqpeio Tqq KoKonroTrlg xo-
p).
Iog6oeoq, 6nou Kor onoTun6veTor n ovTieeon npoq Trlv Kolfl nioTn Kor Io xprloro ouvolloKTrKd nn58. Io onpo oev knp0ooeTor dKupo (dpepo 16l S 3),
6noq eoeolpevo 6roTun6ver o vopoeeTnq oIId 6ronroT6veTor n e[ unopxqq oKup6rrlTo rou I6y0)
ouvopopiq l6yov onoluTou
KTou Arluroupyeiror
r't
orl eo np6ner vo rox0oer Kor oTrlv neplnToon rng 6F oypoertq l6yo ouv6poprlqouroU rou tr6you oKUp6TrlToq. H ofnon ouln 0o np6ner vo unopollerot on6 Tov Koe6vo, xopig vo onorreirot 6vvopo oupe6pov (octio populoris),6noq popTupei Kor n ouyKprflxn 6peuvo63. AuTrl eivor xor q vopoBerrr{ enrloyn oTo
KolvonK6 onpo (dpopo 52 Kor
oxenKou onopo66-
I)64,
unoxp0nreror 6e
ov6lovrl npop^qpoTtKn pe Trlv o(0poon 6rnl6poToq eupeorTexvioq Un ouv^6yo onovodpopiq ToJV ouotoolK(.ov npounoedoeov
pftq Tnq, r6ioq egeupertKn 6pooTnpr6rnro, ov 6n). rl
oyoyfl elvor ovoyvroptorrx(, 6noq 66xerotn rporo0oo dnoLf-r11 5e i1 6rontroonxq60. Aev vol.IponoteiTot vo (nTiloel 6roypoeh tr6vrrr
oxeTrxn
olqv evoppovronxq OOqyio. O oft'lv/evdyov Ierroupyei oq notovei eKnp6oonoq rou 0nUooiou ouuQ6povroq", 6e6op6vou oTr ovTiKetTot oTo ouUe6pov rng ol6rnroq rl onovoun onpoToq o onpeio To onoio oTepo0vTor 6roxpnrrflq 6uvdpeotq ntripoq
R ouvTp6xouv or
ono^oTou onopo66OtKorduoro
xTou rou
po66KTou (dpepo 124) Keivoq o onoioq rouq eixe npopdl,er oluorrel6q oTQV 6ro6tKooio KoToe6oeoq pexpr Trlv Korox6prorl Tou onporoq, ee6oov ouroi KpienKov Kor' ovnotkilo pe lov 6rxoro0xo Tou onuoIoq on6 Trlv AEI n on6 ro 0totKqTrxo btKoor]pto (op-
62.
183.
93 en.,
t75en.
64
8po
162 S
4)
l-ro Tov
idto
eo np6ner vo yiver
65 Io AEK r6vroe ro dqpdoro oupedpov ornv 6lo6t(o, olo rnq Koloxoploeojg rou onporoq oTnv qnoedoetq on6
4.5.l999. unoe. C-108/1997 Nat C-10911997 Windsuding Internoiionol ox6\Un 25 (ot npdoeoro orrlv 6ro6Kooio oxupdrDro ornv onoe. on6 25.2.2010.unoe C-408/2008, pLoncome/Ef^E
^oyo 6r orpeiTor evvopououpe6povToq(AK 281), Kor eKeivoq o onoioq ouvoiveoe oTnv Koroxdjpton
6eKT6
S 46r.
Oo np6-
6xpvedl dvo 6rKnyoprK6 ypoelo drxororrql vo npo9dtret tdio] ov6uolr rnv eiletun dtoKptmxRq duvdpeoq ev6q opropdvou xotvolKo0 oilporoq pe oy(l)yi q(up6rnroq.
o(dq./q 436nou
58. Eroronoe. AEK 11.62009, uno8 C-529/2007 Chokotodenfobriken Lindl Spruengli oxdlrn 35 59. nnpAe l9l3i2009EIIAvn 2010, 578, nnpAe 4581i20
(oK6po o6qpoo.)
Er6rk6rpo .....ro Atxooripto onoedven(e 61 ro yvtK6 ouue6pov enrBdU\et vo pnopo0v ro orylelo ll ot evoei{etq nou
nepryp6eouv lo npotdvro i rq unnpeoieq yo ro onoio hriror n Ko'Iox6pprl vo xpnotponotoowot ele0oepo on6 olouq
60
onopo66Krou qq Koloxopioeog ev6q oitporoq o ^ovoq onoioq ovdverot olov neptypoetk6 xopokrnpo lou 6ev eivol ono(Ierot(o (ot ldvo to oupedpov ltdv ovroyovlololv lou
EltAvn 53(2012)
Gt,
euno6i(ouv
rnv eIueepio ovrovovropoLl Kol eleugepnq xpllooq Tou ono TpiTouq p6xproorou .oKUpoeoiv' ovoOpoprKd66 Inpeio nou (oToxojpnoUoJg
poTnToq opxi(ouv ond rnv npepopnvio nou rl onoeoon Kor6oTn Teleoiorxoq (dpgpo 160 $ 4. dpepo
enKov nop6 Trlv onop{n onoluTov troyov onopo66KTou eo Fp6nelvo pnoporiv vo xpqorponorouvlol on6 rov xo06vo67 Yn6 Trlv oxonrd ouTn rl puepron
'61 5 5) oe ovlieon pe Tov nporoxuoov-o vopo, o onoiog onorToUoe opelo(IqTn onoeooq (opgpo l7 S 8 v. 223911994). H Teleolorkn onoeoon nepi 0ro-
6llnvo vopo06rq 6xet ovTlKorvoTrKn drdoroon. Av o oxondq rrlq oxup6lnloq eEunnperei To 0np6oro oupq6pov onoq yivelor beklfl oTlv nopoooo ovdnIU[n. role 6ev ooKei evvopq enrpporl ev0ex6pevn xoToxpnoTrK0 oupnepreopo Iou orroLjvloq trlv oxUpr,.:o1168. Enroqpoiveror 6rr o v6poq ovoyvopi(er 6vvotro
ouTft rou
Io oultroyrKO olllo
Iro ouIIoVrK6 oipo o vdpog ogrepdver pro 6ro-
To[n (dpgpo 162). H voutKn p0opton npooovoTotri(eTol oTov KoorKon. Kov 20712009 yto To KorvoTrK6
ouUe6pov oe enrUelnnpro Kor evdoerq npoorooioqKoTovolordv vo unoodllouv oinon eKnl6oeoq Kor o(upoTqroq Uovov oTrq neprnrooerq Tov opgpov 123 (on6^ulor I6Vor onopo06KTou) Kor oppo 160 S I e6 y (enryev6gevoq xivouvoq nopontroviq-
or'tuo (dpepo 66 en.), roioq npoq To orKoroopevo vo ono(Tnoouv oulloyr(6 onpo voprK6 npooono rOroTrKo(J Kor onuooiou 6rKoiou, ev6 eo npener vo Inegei un6qJrv 6r n Oonyio 89/104 (xo6rx. Odnvio 2009/95) eAoppd(eTor Kor oe ourd (opepo I Odnvioq). nl6ov To oul^oyrK6 onpo 6ev xpnorponoreiTor U6vov yro vo 6roKpiver npor6vro f unnpeoieq nou nopdyovTor, no^o0vlor n nop6xovror on6 To p6^n rou eop6o (ouverorpropouq evdroerg xorooreuooniv, nopoyrlry6v Fl nopex6vrov unnpeoieq epnopov dpgpo 163 5 l), dnoq uno To Kp6Toq rou v 2239/1994. To ou^IoyrKd oipo 6ev 6roKpiverpovov rnv npo6^euorl lov npor'ovlov otrtr6 xor rqv yeurypoqrxrl touq npo6^euon fl .Io ei6oq n rnv not6TnTo
n Kor lq rdrornT6q Touq,6e. n rlpnon Tov onoi0lv xer orqv op1-ro6r6rqro Inq v6oeoq K In.
ovilnTov
AuvoTn eivor n peprKn 6Knr0Jon xor oxupdrllo, itTor yro oprop6vo npot6vTo it unnpeoleq (dpepo
opepo 16l $ 2). To onolel6oporo rnq onoe6oeog pe Inv onoio 610ldooeTor q oroypoen Tou
160 S 2,
un6 To nporoxrioov 6fKoro pnopei ro ou^IoytK6 onpo vo onoTeleilor ond yeoypoqrxfi 6v6et[n, xopiq ooT6oo ouT6 vo ono(Iier rrlv npounoeeon rrlq droKprTrKilg 6uvopeoq. Iu^lovrx6 onpo nou onoTetrehor on6 yeolypoqrKn 6v6er[n undKerror oe er6tx6 6pro n6pov eKeivov nou rieevror oro 6pepo 126
(60600
oiro0vTog
rlv Korox6pron
163 S 3)70.
np66rllrlnpoondeero rou vopo06rq firov vo nepropioer rq eqorpeoerq Kor onoKlioerq rou oulloyt-
nole'
66. llo rouq Krv6ivouq oe Pdpoq Tnq Gemeinfieiheil 135 en pe noponoundq
ouri
ot
onoKoloo!veq
6Z
oro opepr(ovr(d 6i(oro certiflcotlon morks, ot onoleq onortrouv onoderolrkd Kor p6vov eyyurloetq notdlnloq, xopK o
AEK
C-109/1997 WindsurfinglntemotionoloK6(rn
eop6oq rouCvo onofilorvo ivql 6voon Kln 70 Tourdonpo kord neprex6uevo 6p8po 66 S 2 Kov
209/2007.
c.n
E Mv4 53(2012)
Kor.l
oipo
To6To
onorun6veTol oTnv peTooipool Tou ou^IoyrKo0 or'tuoroq, onou q onoyopeuon Tou nporoxrioovloq 6rKo(ou dreypoeq H pelogiooon Tou yiveTor, onoq (ol
n Ueropipoon oToprKo0 onuoloq. AuvoTq eivor Kor n nopoxn oderoq xpFtoe0Jqnl6ov. H ooKnoq rov 0{16oeov nou onoppeouv on6 Trlv xpnon rou outrIovr-
koo onpotoq ovnKer, ov 6ev opi(erqr droeopeTrKd olo KoTooTotK6 n orov Kovovrop6 xpqoe0jq, olo
6rKorodxo vol.iK6 npdoono (6pepo 163 v.223911994
r,t S 6).
eiororor opuo6ro n Ynnpeoio InUoTov n AEI Kor Io 6rorxrlrrxd 6rxoorrlpto (dpgpo 158 S l). Oronoedoerq Tnq Ynnpeoioq Enp6Tov Kor Tnq ArorKnIrKrlq Enrrponrlq InpdTov. Kor6 rov onoiov 6ev xopeinpooeuyn xor or Te^eoidrKeq onoeooerq Tov 6rorKnrx6v 6rxoor1pir,.rv7r, nou eKdi6ovlor xoro tov nop6vto v6poq, 6eope0ouv ro no^|rxo 6rxoorrlpro xor xdoe oIIn opxn (dpepol58 S 2)
Xll. Aqrdroerg npoopotriq
Yn6 To
poeproq ouTrt QIov oKopnTn ({oviKet oe Kdoe nepinToon,, dpgpo 25 S 5). H p0epron Tou npoyev6orepou orKoiou 6Trn xpnon Tou ou^IoyrKoo oilroToq yfveror <onopoilnlo Ue rnv 6vder[n
l. Erooyoyr|(d
Me ro nl6ypo Tov droTd(eov ouT6v (dpgpo 150
en.) Io oil(oro
6Tr
qno(Ieiel
"ou^-
Oqnpoqouriv nopon6uneTor
ovdluon
Trlq
eI-
noponl6vnon Tov ouvolloydv Eni rou ouA^oyrKoU onporoq eeopp6(ovror 6^eq or 6roTo[erq Tou vot]ou yro To oToprKd onpolo, ee6oov 6ev ovTl(ervTor oTrq oroldqerq rou 6p0pou 163 (6p9po 163 $ 8). Oo np6nerlorn6v ueToqu d)\lov vo Vlver 6e|(T6 xoTd ovdlovrt eeoppoyFt rou dpepou 132 5 4 6n ro np6oono nou 6rxoro0vTor vo xpnoluonororjv ro ou^IoyrK6 onpo, pnopo0v vo orpoeo0v Kord Koee np0090^60. Opoioq eeopu6(eror ovo(Tnoeoq 6roxpmx4q 6uv6pet:q p6xpt rrlv qpepoprlvio xoroe6oeoq eeopp6(eror ror orrlv oirrlorl xoroodoeorq yro ou^Ioyrx6 onpo (6pepo 123 S 4). H xpnon on6 To p6^q Tqq evdroeolg xoToloyi(eror orov qop6o rou ou^IoyrKoo onloTog (dpepo 123 $ 2 oTorx. y). H xpnorl npdner vo yiveTor KoTd Tp6no nou 6ev peTopdler Tov 0roKprTrK6 xopoKTnpo rou (opepo 125 S 2 Ioyrkd
Kor
ro dpepo
132 S 5. H 6uvoT6rnTo
per p6vov 6vo prxpo 6rdvpoutlo, nou 6ev pnopei vo ovorp6oer rnv noIunIoK6TnTo Tov v6ov puepioeorvT3, rdiorq oTo 6rKovoprK6 enineOo A[i(er vo unopvrlogei6Ir peld Trlv evoppovroQ npog ro 6koro ro orludrov oupnlnpclvror n ouup6peoon npoq Inv O6nyio 2004/48 oe 610 To oiKoro Tnq 6rovonrKnq 16roKrnoioq. ArKoroloynpevo pnopei ntr6ov vo prlnoer 6n ro (nlnpo Tnq enr0olnq Kor npoorooioq rov orKorouorov 610vonn(nq rdroKTrloloq onopTi(el 6vo xopprxd U6poq rou ev T6 viyveoeor .yevrkoU p6pouq' rqg 6rovo4lKiq r6roKlnoioq
2. Aol|K6q oqrdroerq
(dppo
156). Or
oon-
P) H xpqon Tou onpoToq on6 lpiro pr1 orxoror-ipevo npooono, eqdoov 6rlproupye{ noponldvnon, pnopei vo odnynoer olnv eknroon on6 ouT6 (dpopo 160 5 I ororx. V). AuTovonro n IUon rnq eKKoeopioeoq lou gop6o lou onlroTog o6rlyei ror orqv
oTorx.
npor'oxuoov 6f(oro. To0ro oeeilelor oTnv evoppovroaKn eniopoon Tnq OonvioC 2004/48 (dpepo 6 en. odrlyioq). ldroirpq oqpooio 6xer onoKrnoer n npoooprv4 6rxoorrxd npoolooio, q onoio 0u.rpoxi(eror
on6opeon Tou oqpoToq. 6edop6vou 6T1 6ev Unopei vo undp[er .ooeonoro onpo" xopiq eop6o. Te^oq, n npooTooio ou^IovrKo0 onporoq 0^1060nnq ev6oeog ouveTorpropou KAn xerpoeeTeiTor on6 lrlv ovoxpovronxn opxn rnq ouor0ordrnroq Tou npotoxrioovloq 6rKoiou (dpepo 25 S 8). H oxeTtKn 6toToqn (dpepo 25 $ I v 2239li994) orevpoen oproTrKo
Xl. Appo6r6rnro no,\rrK6v 6rxoorqpi(l)v
7l
Yn6 rov
yro
oUerd(lnreq onoedoerq 6rorKqrKdv 6tKoolnplov ^dyoq 72 Mopivoq, EIlAvn 2009, I en !e yevtKn ento(6nnon rov puepioe0]v rnq Odrlyioq, o ,iirioq EEpnA 2009, 227 en. pe
O vopoedTnq, oKolouedvlog oe poorr6q ypopp6q To npoyev6oiepo oiKoro opl(er 6rr ro notrrrrxo Orxoorfipro 6ev 6xouv oppo6r6lnTo, eKei 6nou Ko-
2005,
poTrKltq
Kopptono0\ou/Atdot<oc/Ltoupi6ou, r6ro(noioq.
Kor Erony
npooloofo
TnC nveu-
H v6o korvortxil
73 Bl
Tkgeon
36 en
ElMvn
s3(2012)
-*1,
pe pro oeipo droroqeov Kor ouvololitTov Ie our6q xevrprxn oqpooio exer n KorvoQovnq oTo e),trnvrKo 6iKoro Tov oo^ov oyoe6v o(ioon nlnpoeopnoeog Tooo 6vovI| rou unoll8dpevou Fpoo9o^6o ooo Kol 6vovTr rpilou (opepo 8 Odnyioq 2004/48).
o^iov,
Kor To
Trq
xep66v nou ueiolorot o 6rxororjxoq oe6^n luxov nou onox6utoe o npoopoII(,JV ro orlpo (opepo 150 S 7). (iv) Aqioon ono66oeoqrou noooU Kord To onoio o un6xpeoq oeelrlgnKe on6Inv eKpeTo^Ieuon Tou ortporoq (6pepo 150 S 8), eQ6oov elleinet n unol-
or yevr|(oi xovoveq
flo
oIIo
drKoiopo Tnq6rovorlTrKnqr6roKTnoioqTo (nInpo Inq npoopolnq 6n0q olloore 4 Krnon Kor To opro Iou 6rKor6poloq eni Tou orlpoToq 6r6neTot ono Tnv
opxn Tnq e6oerK6rnToqT4 AroKpivovror n6vre Poorxeq oolKeq o[t6oetq. npounog6louv oq np6(ptuo rnv npoo9oln, ^oyrKo rlror Tqv dvu obeioq Tou 6rxoro0xou r<or xoipiq vo ouvlp6xerdpro rou 0rKol6poroq en6U9oo0 olq eerK6q e(ouoieq Tou orlporo0xou (opepo 125): (i) nopolei(reorq (dpgpo 150 S l. dpepo 153 g l). npdKerror yro o{lcooq xerpoqerqp6vrl on6 ro nroiopo Tou npoopoldo,6norq xorq o{icoorldpoeoq tnq npooBo^RqTs. Yn6 ro nporoxrioov 6ixoto po(ipe Tnv o(ioon dpoeoq Tng npoopoAqq onoTeioUoov rov
Kopp6 Tnq oonKnq npooTooioq. (ii) dpoeoq lnq npoogoliq (dpepo 150 S 2, opgpo 153 S l) pe drdeopeg eKedvoerq rrlq lx ono-
Ir6rnlo Tou unoxpeou. flp6xerror yro o[icoon ootKotoIoyqrou nlouIrol.ro0. (v) Aqioorl ono66oeu:g rou xtlpdouq nou o unoxpeoq onox6proe on6 Tnv eKperdlleuon ourn 6pepo 150 $ 8), ee6oov elleiner n unom6rrlro rou un6xpeou. npoq 6reuK6luvon Tou unoloyropou Tnq (npioq/0Je6^oug/(npioq Tov nponvoup6vtov o[rriroeojv (iii-v) xprlorUonorefor q o{ioor1 nlrlpoqopiloe(l)q (dpepo l5l S 4, 5, dppo 153 S 3). Enronuoivelor 6Tr pelo{U Tov orrorJpevov nlrlpoeoprtirv on6
Iov ovTibrKo-npoopol6o n lov Tpiro. nou epnleKerol oe epnoprkn xlipoKo Ue rnv KoToxil/6rovopr1 rov nopdvopo oqporo6orqp6vov npor6vrov ovnKouv (ol flInpoeopieq yro Trq noo6Tnreg nou nopnxgrloov
KoTooKeuoo0rlKov, nopolnegnKov rl nopoyyelerl-
xov" Kogclq Kor ro Tipnpo oyopd KIn (6pepo l5l 5 5 ororx p. To (nopen6uevo) oir4po n.\rlpoqopqoeoq unopei vo ooKQoel Korp6oot rqg 6robrxooioq ooeoIrorK6v p6Tpov (opgpo l5l g 4, dpOpo 153 5 3) (vl) nlnpoeoprtoeoq (dpopo l5l, 153 S 5). Mnopei vo oTp6eerot Koro rou npoo0oldo (6pepo l5l $ l, 2, dpepo I O6nyioq) ilKor rpirou (opgpo ts't $ 4 en.). np6Kerror yro rnv peydlq xorvoropio rqq 0611yb12O04l48 Avop6verot vo 6qptoupytloet oopeio orxoorrxrirv ovTrnopog6oeoq oq npoq ro neptexopevo Kor r6ioq To 6pro Tnq oqt6oeoq ouTilq, T600 oro enlne6o Tou ouoroorrxoo 6rxoiou 6oo xorrou 6rxovoprxo0T6 H o{i{ron
oUpoeoq, Koroorpoeiqrov epnopeuUorov. (iii) ono(npr6oeoq Kot tKovonotnoe(0q QgrKnq PIdPnq (dpepo 150 S l, 5 en.)76. Eixe neptorrrproxq onpooio oTnv npoKTrxrl p6xpt onpepo. nAeov ovopoopi(eTor. H ono(npi0ron pnopi vo unolovroeei Kor pe Pdon ro noodv ro onoio eo eixe KoToBdIet o un6xpeoq yro 66eto xprtoeoq fl lorn6q opor06q, ov eixe (nnoer Trlv d6eto xploerrlg on6 rov onuoTouxo (opepo i50 $ 6). Io0ro, 6nog unoypopui(et n
Erony t(eon, xpiveror ge ovTtKetpevrKo xprrrlproTl
nlnpogopnoeoq
^efoupvei T600 oq u6oo ono6ei[e0jq Tnq npooBolt]g (dpepo l5l $ l, 2) Kor oq !600 npoerotuoo{oq ovolylq ono(rlpr6oeoq (dpgpo l5l
S 4 Kor 5
Kor t53
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Tou,
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ekeivou nev6topeoou, ot unnpeoleq rou onoiou xprlouonotorjvrot on6 Tpilo yto rnv npoo9oln rov drkorotrdrov" (dpepo l5l $ 4). npopldneror(ord rou ev6rop6, oou Korn
qoeotrtonKdlv pdrpov (opepo 153
S
oe6lqqq
Iol
8).
80. nq rnv ppnveiq ourlg rng evvoroq Moplyoq, EtrtrAvn 2009, 20/21, (prvopevn pe nooorKd (ot ev6exopdv{rq noro_ IrKd Kptrilpto, Siebert Slebert Geheimnissschutz und Auskunflsonsprrtche im Rechl des ceistigen Eigenfums, 183 n
77 L. 36.
(j'i
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53(2012)
opgpo 153 S 3) Kor Tpirov (opepo l5l S (o6rKoro^oynn) prl npooKol.iorl on6 Tov npo4, 5). H 000160 rov ono6erl(rKd)v oTorxeiov oonvei oro 6Tl ot (ovliorotxor npoq on66er{n roxuprotroi Tou 0ro6iS
Kor 4, 5.
ei6og Kor Trq ouvg0(eq npoooolnq. To neprex6pevo rrtq releuToioq npoo0ropi(eTor on6 ro vopo (dpgpo i50. s 2).
EnerdFt Io 6rKoiopo Tou onporoq ovonr0ooetol povov oTiq enrxerprlponK6q ouvolloy6q, 6nTor 6l or oxeflK6q oqrdoerq 6ev pnopo0v vo oo(ngoov
(ou nou (ilrnoe rqv npooxoproq q xorvonoiqorl lt-rv ono6errlxdlv ororxeiov eeo.lpotlvror o1-rotroyqp6vot' (dpgpo l5l S 8)8r. H nopoxn ovoKpr96v nlnpoeoprdv el< 66^ou n 0opeioq opeleioq 6nproupyei euorjvrl npoq ono(qpioon (dpgpo l5l S 9)8'?.
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opOpo l0 odnvioq)l To epn6pro Tov epnopeupdTov nou KpienKe 6Tr npoopdllouv ro onpo Kor ee6oov onorleilol Tov uNx6v nou Kupioq xpn150 5 2.
on6oupon'on6
drxoorqpicov" (dpopo l5z dpepo 15 ooqYioq) H Onpooieuon ooTr(6v onoeooeov oeopd n^6ov (or oproTrKeq pdvov retreoidrxeq onoqooerq. ooeo^roTrK6v p6tpr,.rv83, o0te oe onoedoerq drorKnIrK6v drKooTrlpiov AflorTeiTor erdrx6 oirqpo lou orlpoTo0xou, ev6 I orlpooieuoq ulonoreiror pe oondvn rou npoo0oKor dxr
oer 6xr povov Kolooro^TrKrl enidpoon olld entTelei (yevrxd np6lqQn). Kot npolrlnlKq
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16o. H oxerKn o[ioon onoo06vvutor oveu dtrtrou flvoq, ov n on6eoon (or yevrK6repo To u6rpo 6n-
vo ovoKol6oer nopdvouo oqpoTooonp6vo epnopeupolo ll vo To onopoKp0ver oprorrxd on6 ro xovdtrro 6rovopfiqroug. Eivor(ilrqpo ovorxr6 ov
Koi
To
onoeooeoq 6ev eKTeAeoeoUv p6oo oe 6 unveq on6 nv drlpooieuon rnq 6r(00rKnq onoedoe0g (dpepo 157 $ 2)8!85
l.rooronorfi oeolq rrlq 3. Er6rK6 n
oeopd
qiv 6fl
npotox0oov oiKoro o[ioon nopole{qreoq Kor n dpon nq npoopolnq, 0[16oerq pe eloorK6 neprex6pevo, eioprdpevo ono To
Eoorxfl elvor n6n on6
pdrov eivornpooBolelg. Bdoerrnq OOqVioq To nebio rnq oxeTrxnq o{r6oeoq exer dreupuvgei oro uNxd nou .Kupioq, xpnoipeuoov orrlv npoopoln (dpepo
l0 S I Obqvioq). Ev npoKerpdvcJ eppnveunx6 (fltrlpo eivor noro eivor oul6 To utuKd.. Oo np6KetTot Vto pnxovnuoro, np6req UIeq, ko^o0nro, oepoyideq, ouoKeuooieq pe ro npoopollov onpo. To u^lKd ouT6 eo npener vo eivor oTnv KUpr6T4To Tou npoopoleo,
xr,.rpig
6oq ond rqv npoopoin oe (onoro 6xroon Kor 6rdpKeo, 610l v Welse, Medienrecht, Proxlshondbuch (Wondkie, Hrsg), 2.
Arifl 8d I Berlin, 243, KoId dilq dnoqrn ivor xopiq onpooio lnge l?ohne, Motke echl Kommenior $ l9b Rdn 4, uno6nI6vovroq on^6q nv 6pdon orlq enrxerpnpon(6q ouvolioydc, 610r ovrnpoooneun(d Slebert Gehelmnissschutz und
Auskunftsonspriiche,
81. To
1610
186 $5
ee6oov lorjTo 6ev elvor 0uvoT6v rnv noptoltkn onop6(puvon, Tov epnopeupdTov nou e6pouv To npooPdIIov onpeio ono ro epn6pto (dpepo 9 S I orotx.
onooupon 6nproupvei np6BInpo oproeeTnoeoq ofl6 Tnv oprolrxi onopdxpuvoq Mro ex nov600 neprnT6oeov eoiveror vo oeopd eunope0poro To onoio
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y) Trlv KorooTpoeR rouq. To 6tKoofl.tpro 6roTdooel
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Kot
olnv oi-
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rnpqon rnq epnroreuI|K6rnroq H evdoxrloq Kde o[t6oeoq l6y0r npoogolftq retrei un6 r4v enreulo[n TQq opxiq rnq avo^ovtKdrnroq (dpepo 155, dpepo 157 S 2)88, onou eo npenet vo lnegoriv un6tl.rrv xor rux6v drxorcilloTo Tofrov
To
oilnpo vo npooKoUtoSoUv onoOetKItKo otorxeio nou gpioKovTor ornv koroxt') rou npooBo^6o ooxeiror oro
nloioro eKKpepouq 6to0tKooioq ooeoltolKdv p6rpov rl ToKrKnq oyt-ry4g. Aev eivor duvor6v, 6noc
unoypoppf(er q EtonynTxn Er0eoqe3, vo (nTneei ue npoooprvn 6roroy( xr,tpig npoqvoripevn oKp6oon rou Koeo0 n nopoxrlrouq. To otroopevo orotxeio ev66xeror vo ogopouv oTrlv npo6leuol Kor ro dixluo orovopRq rov epnopeuudTov n oIIo oTotxelo Ix Tlpo^6yro, enroTo^6q nopoyyetrioqea. npounoeeon rnq oxeTtKnq otTnoeog eivoro otrdrv 6rd6rroq vo 6xer npooKopioer.eUl6yogOloe6otUo onodelKnK6 oTotxeio xor enopxrl npoq orqpr[q Tov toxuptop6v Tou nepf npoopolqq Tou onporoq,, evd q "Unop[n lxoviq noo6TqToq npoiovTov pe ro npoopdllov ottuo eeopeiTor Fdotpo ono6tKlK6 oTotxeio, (dpgoo lSl S 1). An6 Tnv 6rorunoon rou v6;rou ouvdyeror orr 6ev opKei on^q, oIId toxuprl nreovoloyrlon Kot 6xl
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oe nepropropd orT$yqrov nlnpgeoprloeoJe ee,ooov o Koeou rl oirnorl eivor ovroyt_rvroriq- H oqloorl nlnpoqopqoetoq
6ev entTp6neTot vo oonynoet oe "ptoprlxovrxq xoro_ oKonion oe pdpoq ovToyovtoril Tou otTorivToq. To Olxoic,.:po unepoonioeoq .oupneptlou0ovop6vqg r4q npooTooioq epnloleulK6v n\poqoprcirv, onoxrd ev npoxerp6vco xpior1.r4 o4pooioe0. levrx6Tepo n enireu{n rov oroxov Tnq Odnvioqpe nopdllqlrl Tipnorl
eivol or6xoq t0Jv dpgotrrv l5l en., vro rQV u^onoir.lorl rou onoiou ro xpivov oxooTq_ pro 6xer peydtr4 oroxptTtKn eux6petoer.e2
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enoKolouSorjoo oyoyFl ono(npr6oeoq. lro ooeotuoTlxd perpo neptloljpdveTor
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O6nyioq)
88. Avolurr(d Mopivoc. tE)nL 2009, 221 en., Siebei Geheimnissschutz und Auskunttsonsproche im Recht des Geistigen Eigentums, T0bingen 2011, 301 en
89
Btr. Kor Erony
on
t(eeon
o. 38 {or
opepo t0 $ 3 Odrlyioq.
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rt v npooont(0lv 6e6opdvov oeeldpou pe ent(dvrp0ton ornv Odnyio 2004/48 BI Sieberi, Slebed Geheimntssschutz und Auskunftsonsproche im Recht des Geistigen Eigentums,
Tubingen 2011.
93.
37
94
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(opepo
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(tKdv S 2 obqYioq). eQooov ouvrpexer npoopolrl epo 6^ovoproop6v *oe epnoprKlt K^ipoTo'. AuIo To ooQoIloTrKd p6Tpo pnopouv vo InQeo0v xorpiq npoqyoopevn xlilorl rou koeod (ex porie) (opOpo 153 $ 4, op0po 153 S 5,
153 $ 3), Koe6g Kor n 66opeuort Tov TponeTou Koeoo (opepo 153 S 3. op-
30 npepeq. Av nepdoer onpoKTn n npogeopio ouTrl, oipeTor nouTo6rKoioq' ro ooQoNoIlK6 Uerpo (6000 154 S 6, opgpo 9 S 5 O6nyioq) To p6rpo oul6
IerToupvo0v oq ovTipopo orov neptoptopo rou 6t'
dpgpo 7S I OdnYioq).
EniToxlKitq oyoynq oppo6lo eivot To povopetr6q npoToorKeio. ove(oprnloq noooo (opopo l5l $ 9). Ee6oov ooxouvTot (ot dIIeq o(t6oetq Ix. oe6plTou
xor6poloq npovev6orepnq oxpoooeo:q lou Koeou Kor ulonoro0v Trlv opxrl lnq ovoIoYIKoTqToq
6.
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O v6poq opKer nevToeTn nopoYpoQi p6vov Ylo rnv o[ioon ono(nprcloeoq (dp0po ]50 S 9), oe ovri-
georl npoq Io npoioxtjoov 6iroto nou 6pl(e rpleTn nopoYpoQn (dpepo 265 2 ov 2339J1994). H oxerrKn o(ioon nopoypdeeTotpeld nevToeTio on6 ro T6Ioq rou 6louc KoIo To onolo eYtve Io np6Tov n npoopotri1, xropiq vo ev6rog6pet rord on6xlto4 on6 To 6popo 937 AK, n6Te o nogdv-onuoTooxoq 6poge Yto rrlv (qpio. Opoiujq 6ev oro(pivet ov npoxetrot yto oropxi n Vro olrvptoio npd(rl. To Keipevo Trtq 6tol6[eoq 6xer opKeT6 eupeio 6toT0n0]orl, 6ore vo oupnepr)\opPdver Kor Irq 6Uo pop96q npdqeov Ee6oov 6ro(onei n nopoypoQn. v6o nopoypooi opxf(er on6 nv In[q Tou 6Touq oTo onolo ouv6neoe To ndpoq rnq otoKonig Oq npog Trlv no-
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npo.rrodtxelo pnopei
vo
dloTdooel
rrlv ouvrqprlrtxil xor6oxeon lov nop6vopov npolovTov nou Kol6xovlol on6 Tov Koeo0 fl (ol Tov UIF
epyoleiov nou onoTe^ouv u6oo releonq n npor6v f1 on66er(r1 rnq npoopolnq (6pgpo 154 S I e6. o, dpepo 7 S I O6nvioq). EvotrIoxaKd npo9^6nelol n ovolunKn onoYpoQn Tov ovTlKelpevov n rl
Qo.)roypoqroil rouq, onoq xol q
lnurl 6etyp6rov
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povpoeq Tov d^Iov oqr6oeov otond, onoq (ol n Obnyio 2004/48 Kot 104/89, ol onoieg oQRvouv Io (irnuo orqv oppo0r6TnTo tou egvtxo0 vouog6n. AUo 0uvoT6lnleq ovoiYovTot, eire n YevlKn nopoypoql rou dpepou 249 AK, e6on KpoTotiooe6, eiT q 0e6pnon rqq nopovpoQnq oul|llq orq evroioq Vro Koge o{ioon I6Yo npoopolqq Me 6e6op6vo Tov nolLonlooroouo rov o{tcloeov npooTooioq pdoel
Tnc OOnVioq 2004/48
oitnon 154 S I e6. npoo6roplTou onpolo0xou 0ev onotTei ^enlopeprl o^tro opKei ourd ou6 Tov onoberKlr(dv oTotxeiov
eo
ilov
evoederYp6vq ntr6ov
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uro evroio nopoVpoQFl Yto Kdee o[ioorl I6Vo npooBo^nq pe evroio eniong xpovtx6 onUelo evdp[e6g rnq OIeq d^trooTe ot o(ttioetq on6 Tnv npoopolit
3)e5. Kor
ooeoNolrKd ouTd p6Tpo xorpiq nponYo0pevq KInorl Tou Kogou-noooBoI6o (dppo 154 S 4). xopiq nponEqooov ro ovtor6pc.l p6lpo ^qQgo0v yo0pevq orp6oorl rou xoeou. To0Toq Ioupdvel YV6on
To
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95. Io
yro rnv
1610
dpgpo 64
v 2l2ll 1993
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nveupol(il 6loKrnoio.
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