SRIVARI MASTER PLAN FOR TIRUMALA Prepared by SISTA VISHWANATH, Director (Planning), HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

SRIVARIMASTERPLAN
SRI VARI MASTER PLAN
Submitted by
Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority September, 2012

DRAFTREPORT 5.9.2012 HMDA_TTD
SRIVARIMASTERPLAN
Foreword
In the past, visiting religious places was purely for the sake of religious/spiritual purposes of the individual. But today,with
modernism setting in every sphere of life, the trend of visiting religious places has changed and it has become a sort of tourism. Religious tourism has become part and parcel of most of the tourist packages or actually, religious places form the major component of tourism packages. Tourism also has become one of the major economic activities in todays world and the towns which depend solely on religious activities are attracting lots of tourists and pilgrims by offering many attractive facilities and thus earning a lot too. Tirumala, the religious hill town in Andhra Pradesh also falls in the similar category, famous for the shrine of the Lord Sri Venkateshwara. Its major economy is religious based and being one of the most popular and powerful religious destination in India, it is attracting people from all over the world. These changing trends have led to a great leap in the number of pilgrims and tourists. On an average 50,000 pilgrims visit daily at Tirumala. Though such huge number of pilgrims is helping generate a lot of revenue, it is becoming more and more difficult to manage the ever-increasing number of pilgrims to Tirumala. To cope up with it, there is immense demand on the infrastructure services and facilities offered too. Along with the management challenges to the TTD and other authorities, even
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pilgrims face a lot of difficulties when faced with shortage of accommodation, services, etc. Long queues have made the situation very troubling as devotees are forced to stand in the darshan queue for hours. Though TTD and other authorities have been showing great skill in effectively managing the pilgrims and the infrastructure as and when required, there is a need for timely intervention with proper long
range planning and implementation measures to be undertaken for the future development. The current Problem solving approach needs to be shifted to pre-planning approach for which this Sri Vari Master Plan is being proposed. for Tirumala .The Master Plan proposes action-oriented plans in several spheres of activities that take place at Tirumala and also integrates them well so as to ensure an effective implementation in the future keeping in view the ever changing demand. It also tries to achieve a balance between conservation and development in view to preserve the natural and the spiritual environment of Tirumala.
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Contents
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................... 16 1.1. Pilgrimage places in the planning context: ......................... 16
1.2 The significance of Tirumala pilgrimage ................................ 17 CHAPTER 2 NEED FOR PREPARATION OF SRI VARI MASTER PLAN 2.1 2.4 18 The Broad Context ........................................................... 18 Scope and Limitations ..................................................... 21
CHAPTER 3 EXISTING SITUATION ANALYSIS ............................ 22 3.2 The Destination and the Journey .................................... 25
3.2.1 Climbing Tirumala Hills on foot ........................................... 25 3.2.2 Queue System.................................................................... 26 3.3 Physical Context of Tirumala .......................................... 26
3.3.1 Location & Regional Linkage .............................................. 26 3.4 3.5 Transportation Linkages ................................................. 28 Growth Pattern of Tirumala ............................................. 29
3.6 Existing Situation Analysis ..................................................... 30 3.7 3.8 Demography ..................................................................... 30 Overall Zoning .................................................................. 34
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3.9
Land Use Analysis ........................................................... 35
3.9.1 Landuse 1952..................................................................... 35 3.9.2 Land Use 1975 ................................................................... 36 3.9.3 Comparative analysis: Land use 1952, 1975 ..................... 38 3.9.4 Existing Land Use (1995) ................................................... 38 3.9.5 Comparative Analysis land use 1975 - 1995. ..................... 39 3.9.6 Existing Land Use (2011) ................................................... 40 3.9.7 Comparative Analysis: land use change-1995 and 2011. 40 3.10 Infrastructure .................................................................... 42
3.10.1 Water Supply ................................................................... 42 3.10.2 Sewerage ........................................................................ 43 3.10.3 Solid waste ...................................................................... 43 3.10.4 Power/Electricity .............................................................. 44 3.10.5 Non-conventional Energy ................................................ 45 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 Health & Sanitation .......................................................... 45 Education .......................................................................... 45 Communication ............................................................... 46 Facilities and Amenities .................................................. 46 Hair Offerings ................................................................... 47 Housing/ Pilgrim Boarding Accommodation ................. 47 Increase in pollution ....................................................... 48
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3.18 3.19
Exploitation of natural resources .................................. 49 Transportation .................................................................. 50
3.19.1 Regional Connectivity: Tirupati Tirumala & Renigunta Transport ....................................................................................... 50 3.19.2 Tirumala Internal Transport ................................................ 52 3.19.3 Inter relation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic.................. 52 3.19.4 Modal split of Pilgrim Traffic ............................................... 52 3.19.5 Commuter behaviour, preferences and its impact .............. 53 3.19.6 Circulation Pattern of Tirumala ........................................... 53 3.19.7 Bus Services & Parking ...................................................... 55 CHAPTER 4 PLANNING PROPOSALS FOR TIRUMALA-TIRUPATI 57 4.1 4.2 4.3 Premise ............................................................................. 57 Pilgrim Movement ............................................................ 60 Need for a more effective Pilgrim Movement and
Darshan Management system (PMDM) ........................................ 64 4.3.1 Improving the access to and from Tirumala by Decentralising, Regulating, controlling. .................................................................. 64 4.3.2 Central Facilitation Centres (CFCs) ................................... 66 4.3.3 Going in for Base Residential Camp (BRCs) concept .......... 68 4.3.4 Integrated Tirumala Entry Terminal (TET) Complex........... 70
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4.3.5 Development of Central Logistics & Control Centre (CLCC) 73 4.4 Planning for the movement of pilgrims in the future .... 73
4.4.2 Basic parameters for pilgrim movement in the future ......... 76 4.4.3 Proposal of management of pilgrim movement .................. 77 4.4.5 Computerized Integrated Program for Pilgrim Movement and Darshan Management system (PMDM) ........................................ 79 4.5 Tirumala-Tirupati Integrated Development Plan .................... 83 4.5.1 Connectivity to Tirumala ..................................................... 83 4.6 4.7 Tirumala Master Plan a boon for the local economy .... 85 Tirupati-Tirumala Tourism Circuit .................................. 86
CHAPTER 5 SRIVARI MASTER PLAN ........................................... 87 5.1 Planning at Tirumala Hill-top ................................................... 87 5.2 Broad Zoning Plan for Tirumala .............................................. 88 5.3 5.4 5.5 The Core Area (Temple Complex Area) .......................... 91 Activity Nodes .................................................................. 94 Transportation & Circulation Plan .................................. 97
5.5.1 Tirumala Road Pattern ....................................................... 99 5.5.2 Hierarchy of Road Pattern ................................................ 103 5.5.3 The pedestrian traffic ........................................................ 109 5.5.4 The Public Transport System Route ................................ 110
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5.5.5 Eco-friendly transportation ............................................... 112 5.5.6 Parking ............................................................................. 112 5.5.7 Traffic regulation and Pilgrim Guidance: .......................... 113 5.6 Overall Urban design treatment and landscaping of
North and South precincts: ......................................................... 113 5.7 5.8 5.9 Signages and directional Boards ................................. 117 Heritage & Conservation. .............................................. 117 Infrastructure Services .................................................. 119
5.9.1 Water Supply .................................................................... 119 5.9.2 Drainage ........................................................................... 120 5.9.3 Sewerage ......................................................................... 121 5.9.4 Solid Waste ...................................................................... 122 5.10 Energy ............................................................................. 122
Energy Conservation ................................................................... 122 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 Green Buildings and Green Township ......................... 124 Health & Sanitation ........................................................ 125 Education ........................................................................ 125 Landscape & Urban Forestry ........................................ 126 Climatic amelioration/Climate Change ......................... 129 Water-recycling and rain water conservation .............. 130 Disaster Management Plan ............................................ 131
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5.18
Monitoring and Regulation ............................................ 131
CHAPTER 6 PROJECTISATION OF SRI VARI MASTER PLAN PROPOSALS ................................................................................. 133 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.6.1 Implementation ............................................................... 133 Summary of Projects ..................................................... 133 Way Forward ................................................................... 135 Phasing: .......................................................................... 135 Institutional Mechanism ................................................ 135 Summary of Projects ..................................................... 136 Task No. 1: Enhancing the power requirements for
Tirumala and Tirupati through durable, renewable and nonpolluting resources-Use of wind energy. ................................... 136 6.6.2 Task No. 2: Enhancing the power requirements for
Tirumala and Tirupati through durable, renewable and nonpolluting resources-Use of Solar energy. .................................. 140 6.6.3 Task No. 3: Development of a Comprehensive Water
Supply System for Tirumala ........................................................ 144 6.6.4 Task No. 4: Development of a Comprehensive Sewerage
System for Tirumala ..................................................................... 147 6.6.5 Task No. 5: Development of a Comprehensive Solid
Waste Management System for Tirumala .................................. 150
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6.6.6
Task No. 6: Development of a Comprehensive Storm
Water Management System for Tirumala ................................... 151 6.6.7 Development of Public Transport System LRT/BRT
from Tirupati Town to Tirumala................................................... 153 6.6.7.1 Task No. 7: Light Rail Transit System / Guided Bus Transit System:............................................................................. 154 6.6.7.2 Task No. 8: Station and Terminal Development .......... 154 6.6.8 Improving the overall connectivity to Tirumala. .......... 158
6.6.8.1 Task No. 9: Development and Improvement of Srivari Mettu 158
6.6.8.2 Task No. 10: Development of road connectivity between Tirupati and Tirumala ................................................................... 158 6.6.8.3 Task No. 11: Development of road connectivity in within Tirupati Town ................................................................................ 158 6.6.8.4 Task No. 12: Development of road connectivity in the Tirupati Region. ............................................................................ 158 6.6.9 Development of internal roads (Arterial and Sub arterial)
for Tirumala ................................................................................... 160 6.6.9.1 Task No. 13: 100 ft wide peripheral Ring road at Tirumala ........................................................................................ 161 6.6.9.2 Task No. 14: 80 ft wide Main Arterial Road at Tirumala 165 6.6.9.3 Task No. 15: 60 ft wide main roads at Tirumala........... 165
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6.6.9.4 Task No. 16: Local roads 1: 40 ft. wide roads .............. 166 6.6.9.5 Task No. 17: Local roads 2: 30 ft. wide roads .............. 168 6.6.9.6 Task No. 18: Internal Streets 20 ft. wide streets .......... 169 6.6.10 Development of pedestrian facilities at Tirumala ........ 170 6.6.10.1 Task No. 19: Pedestrian Paths ...................................... 170 6.6.10.2 Task No. 20: Pedestrian Plaza at TET ........................... 170 6.6.10.3 Task No. 21: Walkalators ............................................... 170 6.6.11 Development of parking facilities at Tirumala ............. 172 6.6.11.1 Task No. 22: Onstreet Parking ...................................... 172 6.6.12 Task No. 23: Off-street Parking/Parking Lots .............. 173 6.6.13 Task No. 24: Design and Development of street furniture Tirumala. ....................................................................................... 173 6.6.14 Task No. 25: Development of Eco friendly
Transportation for Tirumala ........................................................ 173 6.6.15 Task No. 26: Overall Urban Design and Aesthetics Improvement. ................................................................................ 174 6.6.16 Task No. 27: Heritage and Building Conservation ...... 174 6.6.17 Landscape enhancement of Tirumala .......................... 174 6.6.17.1 Task No. 28: Zone 1 within Wall 1: 150 mtrs ................ 174 6.6.17.2 Task No. 29: Zone 2 within Wall 2: 250 mtrs ................ 174 6.6.17.3 Task No. 30: Other Areas ............................................... 174
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6.6.18 Task No. 31: Concept plan and technical report on options for reuse of buildings at Tirumala ................................. 175 6.6.19 Task No. 32: Heritage Conservation and Building preservation .................................................................................. 175 6.6.20 Task No. 33: Heritage Museum and Gallery at Tirumala. (Expansion of existing facility).................................................... 176 6.6.21 Task No. 34: Arts & Cultural University at Tirumala. (Expansion of existing facility).................................................... 176 6.6.22 Task No. 35: Forest Conservation in Tirumala Hills.... 176 6.6.23 Task No. 36: Climate Change and Mitigation Study for Tirumala Tirupati Region ............................................................. 176 6.6.24 Task No. 37: Biodiversity Study of Tirumala Tirupati Region 176 6.6.25 Task No. 38: Biodiversity Study of Tirumala Tirupati Region 176 6.6.26 Development of Central Facilitation Areas (CFCs) ..... 177 6.6.26.1 Task No. 39: Tirupati City Central Facilitation Centre (CFC) at Srinivasa Mangapuram. ................................................ 177 6.6.26.2 Task No. 40: Alipiri City Central Facilitation Centre (CFC) at: Alipiri ........................................................................................ 177 6.6.26.3 Task No. 41: Renigunta Town Central Facilitation Centre at Dhodlamitta Jn ......................................................................... 177
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6.6.27 Task No. 42: Development of Base Residential Camps (BRCs) 179 6.6.28 Development of Integrated Tirumala Entry Terminal (TET) Complex .............................................................................. 180 6.6.28.1 Task No. 43: TET Block: Main terminal, CFC for direct pilgrims, Admn Office, Amenities Centre, CCLC: 5 acre .......... 182 6.6.28.2 Task No. 44: Parking Area: 10 acres ............................ 182 6.6.28.3 Task No. 45: BRT/LRT Stand terminal: 5 Acres ........... 182 6.6.28.4 Task No. 46: Public Plaza with fountains, trees, resting areas and recreational space for pilgrims to relax before and after the pilgrimage: 10 acres...................................................... 182 6.6.28.5 Task No. 47: Arts and Cultural University: 5 Acres..... 182 6.6.28.6 Task No. 48: Heritage Museum and Interpretation Centre: 5 Acres ............................................................................. 182 6.6.29 Task No. 49: Development & management of Central Logistics & Control Centre (CLCC) ............................................. 182 Management system for CLCC (building to be part of TET Complex) ....................................................................................... 182 6.6.30 Task No. 50: Improvement of Signage and directions 182 6.6.31 Demarcation of Inner and Outer Zone .......................... 182 6.6.31.1 Task No. 51: Wall 1: Length 1.7 kms: Area encompassed 39 Acres ........................................................................................ 183
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6.6.31.2 Task No. 52: Wall 2 : 3. Kms; Area encompassed 125 Acres 183
6.6.32 Task No. 53: Development of the Outer perimeter Boundary Fence for Tirumala Includes Reserve forest, dam, reservoir, wind towers: length 19.5 kms Area encompassed 6450 Acres 184
6.6.33 Task No. 54: Development of the Inner perimeter Boundary Fence for Tirumala Hills (securing Habitable Area): length 10 kms, Area encompassed 865 Acres........................... 185 6.6.34 Task No. 55: Development of state of the art biometric based security and monitoring system. ..................................... 186 6.6.35 Task No. 56: Development of state of the art queuing and accreditation system including software and administration, overall software development system........................................ 186 6.6.36 Task No. 57: Development of Monitoring and Evaluation System for Quality Control, International benchmarks like ISO Certification system ..................................................................... 186 6.6.37 Task No. 58: Development of state of the art security agency for Tirumala ..................................................................... 186 6.6.38 Task No. 59: Development of Efficient and Effective Awareness Campaign .................................................................. 186
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PART 1
Background, Introduction, Analysis and Identification of Issues
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1. Pilgrimage places in the planning context: The modern expression of pilgrimage travel in India evolved in a very much more distinct form than the traditional one, even if it has echoes of the former. Along with substantial increase in the volume of visitors to sacred sites and religious places, substantial changes are visible in the very essence and quality of pilgrimage. Pilgrimage places have their own image and need a different planning approach. These towns have historical backgrounds and are sensitive where both conservation and development have their own importance. Mostly the towns which developed on plains have attained the usual urban character where the Temple or the religious place has either become a core for surrounding development or secluded from the new development and the influence of pilgrimage on the economical activity has gradually reduced in comparison to other essential & regular commercial activity of urban character whereas the religious places which are located on hills have maintained their identity and character of a religious place even though they have grown in due course with an urban settlement character with pilgrimage as the mainstay of economic activity. In all such pilgrimage places, generally, the proportion of floating population to the local residents is increasing rapidly. Such religious towns are growing rapidly due to the inflow of money and increase in
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the commercial potential due to faith and religious sentiments of the pilgrim tourists. Unfortunately, the spontaneous and unplanned growth and expansion is and would be in future causing a strain on the civic facilities and as well as degradation in the quality and the image of the town and the pilgrimage place unless aptly and timely interventions and channelization of amenities and facilities are undertaken through proper planning.
1.2
The significance of Tirumala pilgrimage
Tirumala is a sacred place of hindu pilgrimage in India and its fame and popularity transcends national boundaries. Tirumala derives its importance and popularity due to the location of the sacred shrine of Lord Shri Venkateswara.. Being a very important religious center, it attracts pilgrims from all over the country and abroad. It is one of the most popular places of religious pilgrimage with an average of more than 50,000 pilgrims visiting Tirumala daily and during special occasions like Brahmotsavams the number even touch about 4 lakhs per day! These pilgrims come daily to Tirumala mainly for religious purpose- to have a darshan of Lord Venkateswara at Tirumala..
The temple itself is believed to have existed from very ancient times and it is said that Lord Sri Venkateswara the presiding deity of this temple is referred to in earliest of the Vedas.
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CHAPTER
PREPARATION MASTER PLAN
2.1 The Broad Context
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NEED SRI
FOR VARI
Overall Improvement of Tirumala: Viewing the mentioned existing scenario and trends, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanam (TTD) has felt the need for undertaking a comprehensive Master Plan covering the entire Tirumala Temple Complex of about 6 sq km area with a view to comprehensively plan, develop and manage the various attendant facilities for pilgrims so as to ensure smooth, safe and speedy darshan in the Temple of Lord Venkateswara for the thousands of pilgrims daily visiting Tirumala and ways and means for achieving this.
2.2
Increasing numbers of pilgrims: It has been observed that Tirumala can cater to darshan for about 60,000 pilgrims daily with saturation level of about 85,000 pilgrims. Added to this is the service population which is roughly about 1/3rd or 28,000.This would give an overall density of about 11300 persons per sq km or 113 persons per hectare, which is very high density of population congregating at a given place which puts strain on the quality and quantity of amenities, services and facilities. The trend of pilgrim population visiting daily is
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SRIVARIMASTERPLAN
increasing and with the present system it would be difficult to cater to more pilgrims than the above-mentioned saturation number. The challebge in future before TTD would thus be to cater to the ever-increasing number of pilgrims especially the ordinary pilgrim and with the limitations of space and time it would be a daunting task indeed unless planning interventions and systems are in place.
2.3
Keeping the above concerns in view, this Sri Vari Master Plan attempts to study the specific planning issues and suggest in conjunction with an improved pilgrim management system
based on computerization techniques so as to meet the above challenges and help restore the sanctity and sacredness of Tirumala. The Sri Vari Master Plan includes the following:(a) undertaking area planning and preparation of Master plan of Tirumala on state of art GIS platform to identify and creation open spaces, lung spaces, green spaces, further development of infrastructure for present needs and reserved for future needs etc. and freezing of master plan of Tirumala. Identifying and reserving the open spaces exclusively for future requirement of TTD purpose. (b) To conduct a study on stream-liniing of traffic movement at Tirumala and planning of road network and widening of roads keeping in view of existing system of transport facility and to make proposals for improving the transportation system.
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(c) To study existing system of roads/paths ways at Tirumala and to evolve an improved grid system with external bypass roads, wide internal roads/footpaths etc. (d) Undertaking a preliminary survey of the entire area with regard to the existing pilgrim amenities like accommodation, water supply and the sanitary arrangements (e) To study the present pattern of garbage collection and disposal system and to suggest the implementation of modern hygienic collection system and the disposal by non conventional methods such as incineration, vermin-compost etc. (f) To study and suggest improvements in the four madas around the main temple, for smooth flow of pilgrims especially during course of vahana procession, Srivari Bramhosthavams and other auspicious days. (g) To study the structure of existing shopping facilities and its problems and development of shopping centers at vulnerable points to meet the commercial needs of the pilgrims in different places. The Sri Vari Master Plan would be for a plan period of 20 years duration during which time the structure and all aspects outlined in the Plan would be in place and implemented. Each of the abovementioned aspects would be in the form of projectised plans ,i.e., the Master Plan would be giving a basket of projects on each of the above-mentioned 10 aspects/sub-plans, with Project profile, expected time of Project, broad cost estimates, and implementation issues.
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2.4
Scope and Limitations
The Master Plan would be limited to the physical aspects which would facilitate improvement and development of infrastructural, management and regulation systems in Tirumala. Due to project limitations and constraints data is taken from multiple secondary sources (with due acknowledgements from HMDA) for support from various quarters. In some cases latest data was also unavailable for immediate use. If any data gaps are found these can be corrected appropriately. The Master report is a guiding document for TTD to examine in detail various issues pertaining to the maintenance and upkeep of Tirumala as a spiritually and naturally pristine environment. It is suggested that TTD look at this report to understand the comprehensive approach to the Development and management of Tirumala and that many aspects are in physical form while others are related to operational and management issues. The physical space can be planned and the physical and social infrastructure can be planned for a defined number of users. In case of Tirumala the pilgrims are increasing exponentially. Due to the limited space at the Tirumala hill top, the limited physical infrastructure, constrained resources like water supply and challenges of managing the sewerage and solid waste related issues it is suggested the TTD consider a Decentralized Pilgrim Movement and Darshan
management System (PMDM) which will ensure comfortable and satisfying experience for the ever increasing number of pilgrims. Details are provided in the relevant sections in this report.
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CHAPTER
EXISTING
SITUATION ANALYSIS
The exact dates of construction of the original temple are unknown. However, it is believed that the temple was first built during the 8th century. The original Sri Venkateswara Temple was built by King
Thondaiman, Tamil ruler of the ancient Thondaimandalam. Subsequent rulers, including the Pallvas of Kancheepuram, Cholas, Pandyas, the Vijayanagar Empire, Marathas, and the kings of Mysore all played a role in the continued growth of the temple. The precise origins of the temple are not known. However, it is generally believed that the first temple at Tirumala Tirupati was built by King Thondaiman, Tamil ruler of the ancient Thondaimandalam, after he had a dream of Lord Vishnu. He is said to have built the original Gopuram (tower) and the Prakhara in the 8th century. Thereafter, the temple was endowed by the numerous kings of various dynasties of South India for whom the Sri Venkateswara shrine was an important religious destination. The dynasties include: the Pallvas of Kancheepuram (9th century); Cholas of Thanjavur (10th century), Pandyas of Madurai, and the various Kings and chieftains of Vijayanagar empire (14th - 15th century) who all donated money and gold and other ornaments in abundance in support of the temple. During the Vijayanagar dynasty the contribution increased
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substantially particularly under King Krishnadevaraya whose donation of gold and jewels enabled the entire Vimana (inner shrine) to be gilded. Subsequent rulers the Marathas, and the kings of Mysore
also fostered the growth and importance of Tirupati Tirumala Temple. Following the fall of the Hindu Kingdom, the Muslim rulers of Karnataka and thereafter the British took over the supervision of the temple. In 1843 the administration of the shrine and its estates was formally handed over to Sri Deva Dossiji of Hatiramji Mutt at Tirupati. Subsequently, in 1932 the management of the Temple was handed over to when Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD), a non-profit organisation that was established to protect this important religious heritage. The TTD runs various charitable trusts with the proceeds from the pilgrims. The shrine has three enclosures called Prakharams. While the outermost enclosure comprises the Dhavajasthamba a banner post, the other enclosures have many statues including that of the King Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagar and his spouses and of Todarmal, the minister of King Akbar. The main door or outer gopuram is called Padi Kavali Maha Dwara which stands on a rectangular base. The architecture of the alter is of the Chola period and inscriptions on the gopuram date back to the 13th century. This gopuram has a number of stucco figures of Vaishnava Gods like Hanuman, Kevala Narasimha and Lakshmi Narasimha.
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Nandimi Padi Kavali is the inner gopuram, the inner entrance to the temple which is reached via Dhwajasthamba Mandapa. It has wooden doors covered in silver plates and is called as Vendi Vakili
The path for circumnavigating the temple is called Pradakshinam. The main temple has three Prakarmas and between the outer and middle Parakarma is the second pathway for circumambulation which is called as Samoangi Pradakshanam. This pathway is closed to pilgrims and contains several of the Mandapams (halls) like the Ranga Mandapa, Pratima Mandapa, Tirumal Raya Mandapa, Aina Mahal, Dhwajasthamba Mandapa.
The temple complex inside consist of several elegantly carved doorways, mandapams and shrines. The beautiful idol of Shri Venkateswara is placed in the main sanctum sanctrum of the temple. Inside the main sanctum are also three consecutive halls - Snapana mandapam also called Tiruvilan Kovil or square hall, Rama Meda or the rectangular hall and Sayana Mandapam or Ardha Mandapam which is also rectangular in shape. The temple also consist of a kitchen area called Potu where the food offering for the main temple is prepared.
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3.2
The Destination and the Journey
3.2.1 Climbing Tirumala Hills on foot Many pilgrims walk up the hills to fulfill vows they have taken. The more ancient of the two sopanamargas which starts from Alipiri at the foot of the hills, is about 11 km in length, and is the commonlyused route. The climb is ardous with certain hill ranges the climb is quite steep. The other sopanamarga (Srivari mettu) from Chandragiri, though only about 6 km in length is less patronized by pilgrims due to it being located about 11 km away from Tirupati which is the rail-head and not having good to and fro transportation. However, the climb is quite gentle except for the last portion which is quite steep joining near the TBC. Token facility is provided for pedestrian who come on foot to Tirumala through Gali Gopuram or Srivari Mettu. Bio-Metric counters are established on these foot paths, to facilitate free darshan, free accommodation (P.A.C.) and free food facilities at Tirumala. TTD provides several facilities to pilgrims who walk up the hills to Tirumala. Transportation of luggage is done free of cost, to Tirumal
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3.2.2 Queue System Given the high volume of pilgrims, between 50,000 100,000 daily during normal days, the TTD has designed and implemented an impressive and highly elaborate sequence and system of queues by constructing two Q Complexes to guide devotees to the holy shrine. This has significantly dropped the amount of time spent waiting in a queue to a more manageable 3-4 hours (on normal days).
Impressively, the TTD has worked at minimising stress on devotees during the wait time with huge halls for pilgrims to rest, eat and wash up. Free food and coffee & tea are served every few hours.
Following the long queue time, devotees typically only get to see the Lords idol for a minute or less and volunteers are present to usher in the next batch of devotees who are awaiting their turn. 3.3 Physical Context of Tirumala
3.3.1 Location & Regional Linkage The hills in Chandragiri Taluq of Chittoor district, Andhra prdaesh on which the temple of Shri Venkateswara stands along with the Tirumala Town is popularly known as Venkatachala forms part of one of the Eastern Ghats. The length of this part of the hill range is about twelve miles as the crow flies (Aerial Route) The actual forest path along the crest of the hills may be about 20 miles. The entire hills are considered to be very holy since time immemorial.
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Tirumala lies on 13 41 North latitude and 79 21 East Longitude, at an altitude of 2800 ft, above MSL (mean sea level) on the seven hills popularly known as Venkatachala, in the Chandragiri Taluq of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. It is located about 150 km from Chennai, 150 km from Nellore, 570 km from Hyderabad, 240 430 km from Vijayawada. NH 71 pass through
km from Bangalore,
Renigunta, which is the nearest road and rail junction to Tirumala.
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3.4
Transportation Linkages
All modes of transport, except waterways, are available to reach Tirupati , i.e. by Air, Rail and Road. The Rail and Air Link is available only up to base of the Tirupati town and all pilgrims are required to pass through Tirupati including road and by. foot to reach Tirumala Hills. Renigunta is the nearest (12 Km distance) important railway junction which lies on ChennaiMumbai via (East West) and Delhi, Bengaluru, Thiruvananthapuram (North South) national routes. Renigunta is also an important Highway Junction that connects all the four southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Karnataka and
Kerala at regional Level. Renigunta junction is well connected with Tirupati railway station by rail as well as by road. This factor makes the road linkage of Renigunta to Tirumala passing through Tirupati as
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the lifeline for the regional economy and has a major impact on Tirupati and surrounding region. The area in and around the Tirumala Temple Town comprise an extent of about 10.3 Sq. Miles known as Devasthanam Area was notified as Tirumala Hills Area under Section 84(1) of the Madras Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, 1951 and as revised under the present Andhra Pradesh Endowments Act, 1966. The jurisdiction of Tirumala- Tirupati Devasthanams (popularly known as TTD) applies to this Tirumala Hills area and the Temple Endowments thereof and also to the educational Institutions In 1979 a separate legislation called the Tirumala Tirupati Devastanam Act,1979 came in to force which became effective on 18th May 1979 TTD is under the control of the State Revenue Department.
3.5
Growth Pattern of Tirumala
It is evident from the epigraphic records and land records that the land utilization and land use began as single religious use within the forest areas of Tirumala Hills to presently a full-fledged town with multifarious activities and uses, albeit directly related to the temple and religiously activities and for accommodating the support activities. . The population of Tirumala was only 43 in 1941. By 1951 the population increased to 3505. The population of Tirumala town was 5561 in 1961 and it sharply increased to 12,879 in 1971. The decennial growth of population during 1961-71 is 134.60%
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3.6 Existing Situation Analysis Predominant destination of religious tourism: Of late, it is observed that majority of domestic tourists are visiting South India in large numbers during holiday seasons. Tirumala is a must see place and is included in most of such tourist packages due to its religious importance, natural scenic beauty, easy accessibility and well developed infrastructure and facilities in terms of accommodation, services, and amenities. This has resulted in ever increasing requirement of overnight staying facilities along with necessary supporting infrastructure for pilgrims and tourists at Tirupati and Tirumala. Tirumala and Tirupati have become the city that never sleeps. This has a spread-effect with demand and
development of major commercial activities such as catering hotels, shopping, development of transport sector, recreational and
institutional development. . Tirumala being the focus of must see destination, conducting local tours, site-seeing places and facilitating arrangements for the Darshan of Lord Venkateswara is an essential part of infrastructure of Tirupati. The increase in the supporting local population engaged in the above sectors of activities creates necessity of housing for the residential population.
3.7
Demography
(a) Predominant floating Population: Besides the usual resident population, the town receives huge numbers of pilgrim population
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every day. On an average everyday 50,000 pilgrims visit Tirumala. Tirumala has floating population of pilgrims almost all round the year The growth rate of this floating population has absolutely no relation to the growth rate of local/resident population as per the Census of India. The composition of pilgrims state-wise is as follows: Sl. No 1 2 2A 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 State Andhra Pradesh Tamilnadu Pondicherry Karnataka Maharashtra Kerala Uttar Pradesh Orissa Madhya Pradesh Gujarat Delhi West Bengal Total Visiting Pilgrims in % 31.12 22.08 3.32 12.20 8.65 5.95 4.32 3.24 3.01 2.93 2.08 1.08 100.00
Purpose of pilgrimage to Tirumala (Survey by Tirupati University) Purpose Temple Darshan of Lord Venkateswara Tonsure Snana in Pushkarani Snana in Theertam Purchasing Prasadam
DRAFTREPORT 5.9.2012
% of Total 100.00 21.60 8.90 9.20 100.00

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Participation in Special Sevas
7.70
Pilgrims state wise Urban Rural Percentage Sl No 1 State Urban Percentage Andhra 161 39.95 Pradesh 2 Tamilnadu 113 39.51 3 Karnataka 68 43.04 4 Maharashtra 72 64.29 5 Kerala 38 49.35 6 Pondicherry 30 69.77 7 Orissa 22 52.38 8 Madhya 29 74.36 Pradesh 9 Gujarat 27 71.05 10 Delhi 27 100.00 11 Utter Pradesh 42 75.00 12 West Bengal 14 100.00 Total 643 Total 49.65 Percentage (Surveyed by Tirupati, University) (b) Impact of floating population Besides the floating population, there have been some trends of increase of the local resident population with development of informal settlements at Balajinagar etc. The increase in resident population and pressure of floating population at Tirumala is affecting the sanctity and sacredness of Tirumala, resulting in the requirements and need for addressing the following issues: Accommodation for stay of pilgrims. Housing for local/resident population. Hotels , Restaurants eatery facilities.
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Rural 242 173 90 40 39 13 20 10 11 14 652
Percentage 60.05 60.19 56.96 35.71 50.65 30.23 47.62 25.64 28.95 0.00 25.00 0.00 50.35
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Local Transportation as well as travel to and from Tirupati. Facilities and Service Infrastructure. Health Facilities. Education facilities for local/resident population. Accommodation for religious ceremonies. Space and accommodation for socio-cultural activities. Facilities for Institutional Buildings. Darshan management and pilgrims management and other religious activities. Shopping and other commercial activities
(c) Development The Negative Factor The above developments are ironically adversely affecting the sanctity and character of Tirumala. On one hand, the sheer number and hordes of pilgrims and income of the temple is ever increasing due to offerings of pilgrims and this being the one of the richest temple in the country and second richest in the world is creating demand for improvement of facilities. The paucity of funds was never problem for the development of Tirumala town. On the other hand this has resulted in adhoc development in the absence of long term planning of the temple complex and its influence areas causing damage to image and character of Tirumala, TTD is both the proponent and development agency is always on its toes and in firefighting mode.It is not only in this context that TTD has to adopt a Master Plan for Tirumala, but also ensure it is adhered to and
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implemented keeping the long-term perspective of Tirumala and surroundings in view. Apart from having a rational land use and green cover and environment conservation plan, other aspects like mobility within Tirumala, ever increasing transportation demand to and from Tirumala, hierarchy of organized spaces, interrelation of temple complex with other religious structures, spaces like water bodies and procession paths assumes priority. The pilgrim management and temple relationship and the management of heavy influx of pilgrims on special occasions like Brahmavotsams require permanent planned solution. The increasing numbers of pilgrims puts tremendous pressure on the physical environment, infrastructure services of the area and logistics and management is a growing challenge for authorities.
3.8
Overall Zoning
Unlike any other town this hill town has its individuality. The basic reason for its character and form is religious impact and the topography. It is the termination point and as well as zenith of the pilgrimage. The existing undeclared zoning can be clearly visualized in hierarchy as follows. 1. Religious and semi religious 2. Commercial (shops and other establishments etc) 3. Public Semipublic (Health, education etc) 4. Residential for Pilgrims residential 5. Residential for Staff/ local population.
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6. Open Space Zone 7. Urban Forest and Natural Forests. 3.9 Land Use Analysis
3.9.1 Landuse 1952 The growth of Tirumala until the 1960s had been slow. The earliest Land Use map of Tirumala that is available is of 1952, signed by Sri T.K. Vighaneshwarachari (ddated 10-09- 1952 from the book History of Tirumala Volume-1) .As per this existing Landuse map; (1952) Tirumala temple Complex and surroundings covered only area of about 50 hectares of developed land while the rest was vacant Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Land Use Vacant Land Residential (for local & pilgrims) Religious oriented Public Open Spaces Commercial Water bodies Public Utility Semi-Public utility Roads Total Area (in Hect) 245.38 8.00 4.59 10.43 0.30 36.30 0.30 0.30 5.20 310.80 Percentage (%) 78.95 2.57 1.48 3.36 0.10 11.68 0.10 0.10 1.67
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3.9.2 Land Use 1975 In 1975 Land use survey was undertaken and maps were prepared and published by the office of Directorate of Town Planning on 2-61975. Tirumala town grew from sq km (50 Ha) in 1952 to about 3.07 sq. km (310 Ha) in 1975. The fringe area of the temple complex was developed with well spread out guesthouses and cottages for pilgrims in the southern part of the town and having very low density. The development trends of Tirumala town during the period 1975 to 1995 was more pronounced on northwestern part, western part and the southern part of the Temple Complex.
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Land use in 1995 Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Land Use Area in Percentage Hectares 130.51 41.99 local 7.91 2.55 33.50 4.59 0.96 24.63 1.56 36.30 0.96 5.80 41.06 2.16 20.86 310 10.78 1.48 0.31 7.92 0.50 11.68 0.31 1.87 13.21 0.69 6.71 100
Vacant Land Residential (for Population) Residential ( for Pilgrims) Religious Oriented Industrial Public open Spaces Commercial Water Bodies Transport & Communication Public Utility Social forest Public Semi public Roads Total
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3.9.3 Comparative analysis: Land use 1952, 1975 Tirumala settlement which was rural until 1951, became urban in 1961. In the first decade of urbanization 1961-1971 the population registered a growth of 134.60% (5561 to 12,879). The total vacant land (un-developed) which was 245.38 hectares i.e. 78.95% in 1952 got reduced to 131.51 hectares (41.99%) by 1975. Similarly the residential area (Local and Pilgrims) which was only 8.00 hectares (2.57%) increased to 41.41 hectares (7.91+33.50) 13.33%.during this period of 23 years. Two major developments observed are 36.96% of vacant land was developed to achieve additional 33.42 Ha for residential use and about 41 Ha for social forestry. The special attention given to afforestation of the hills through social forestry by the state Government has been a remarkable achievement ushering in further steps for environment improvement.
3.9.4 Existing Land Use (1995) Based on secondary data the following awas the land use break up in 1995
SI No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Landuse Vacant land Residential (for local Population) Residential ( for Pilgrims) Religious oriented Industrial Public open spaces Commercial Water Bodies Transport & Communication Public Utility Social forest Area in Hectares Percentage 86.68 25.93 15.43 4.62 52.70 15.77 5.40 1.62 0.96 0.29 53.34 15.96 3.22 0.96 36.30 10.86 1.86 0.56 5.97 1.79 41.06 12.28
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12 13 14
Public Semi Public Roads Under Aquision Total
4.79 23.36 3.21 334.28
1.43 6.99 0.96 100
3.9.5 Comparative Analysis land use 1975 - 1995. The vacant land is reduced from 154.00 Hect. to 88.68 Hectare. The census record show a decline in prime (local) population due the policy adopted on recommendations made in 1975. The land use of residential local population and floating pilgrim population has doubled. The density of the township as a whole increased considering the existence of the pilgrim floating population. This has also resulted in increase of the density of the built form to meet the needs of the pilgrims without notable horizontal expansion of the town. The land of religious use, public semipublic use organized public open spaces, is doubled in 1995 as compared to 1975.
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3.9.6 Existing Land Use (2011)

Existing Land Use (2011)
Existing Land Use Details Layer Name Commercial Roads & Circulation Religious Religious Related Open Spaces Parks, Playgrounds, Maidaans Plantation Residential Pilgrims Residential Staff Public Semipublic Amenities & Utilities Water Bodies Forest Roads Total Sq Mts 10529.18 99499.53 16464.88 4742.49 29580.83 297043.87 392031.05 499332.26 112882.68 394647.10 38539.53 272668.75 908316.60 306422.47 3382701.21 Acres 2.60 24.59 4.07 1.17 7.31 73.40 96.87 123.38 27.89 97.52 9.52 67.38 224.44 75.72 835.85 % 0.31 2.94 0.49 0.14 0.87 8.78 11.59 14.76 3.34 11.67 1.14 8.06 26.85 9.06 100.00
3.9.7 Comparative Analysis: land use change-1995 and 2011. The vacant land within Tirumala became almost zero. The land use of residential local population and floating pilgrim population has increased significantly in this period. The important factor to note is the effect of policy and implementation of granting plots/sites for donor cottages/ guest houses which needs to be reviewed. As seen from the depleting vacant lands in and around the Temple proper, would be having an adverse impact on the serenity and sanctity of the temple town with overcrowding and challenges of services and amenities.
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3.10 Infrastructure 3.10.1 Water Supply Akasaganga, Papavinasanam, Kalyani dam,
Gogarbham,
Kumaradhara and Pasupudhara twin dams are the major sources of drinking water for the hill shrine. The water level in the dams are fast depleting due lack of inflows. According to reports a proposal has been made to draw Telugu Ganga water from Tirupati to meet the requirements of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD). The state government has agreed to release 6 MLD of water to Tirumala from 40 MLD of water being supplied to the Tirupati Municipal Corporation from Kandaleru reservoir. The project will be funded by the TTD. TTD is considering a comprehensive plan which caters to the water needs of Tirumala up to 2030, which can be taken up on a priority basis. There is a regular water treatment and supply system in Tirumala. The water is supplied to the entire town from Gogardham Dam (supplying about 45 Mcft) and Papavinasanam dam (supplying about 80 Mcft). The daily supply from these two sources is about 14 lakh gallons. The present demand of drinking water at Tirumala is about 30 lakh gallons per day. The two sources depend upon monsoon resulting in severe water shortage at Tirumala when monsoon fails. Government augmented they water supply through Kalyani Dam pumping Scheme, which caters to both Tirupati and Tirumala. And therefore is not a dependable source. There is every need for identifying additional
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sources of water supply or alternatively, ensure limitation in the population at Tirumala at any given time.
3.10.2
Sewerage
A sewerage system helps in maintaining satisfactory sanitary conditions in Tirumala. However, disposal of wastewater is an issue because it nds its way into the natural ecosystem of the hills, especially during peak visitation due to malfunctioning of the sewage treatment plants.
3.10.3
Solid waste
It can be estimated from the available data that about 0.6 kg per capita waste is generated in both the towns. This is much higher than the average daily waste generation of 0.36 kg per capita reported by Karthikeyan(1996) and this provides support for the observation regarding new consumer-ist attitudes with both the local residents and visitors. While the total waste generated in Tirumala (about 35 tons per day) is collected by TTD, its disposal is a challenge. Currently, it is dumped openly at a nearby land-ll site which poses a high risk of contamination of the surface and underground in the fragile ecosystem of the hills. The relation between magnitude of visitation and waste generation is illustrated by a simple observation: everyday more than 20,000 coconuts are carried as waste; coconuts have a religious importance in certain rituals to be performed by the pilgrims at the temple. Usually the items required in worship of the deity are organic
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(and biodegradable) in nature and are able to decompose when dumped. However, with recent introduction of polythene bags in packaging many of these items and its ready acceptance by pilgrims (for the convenience), a large quantity of plastic waste is now going into land ll sites and this has serious environmental concerns for the hill ecosystem. At present the entire garbage accumulated at Tirumala is being transported and dumped at dumping yard. The above Waste Material however is not being treated and hence causing pollution. TTD have been contemplating on the proposal for treating the solid wastes (Garbage) by means of Bio-Conversion into anorganic manure. If converted into manure it may be used to the TTD Gardens/Forest Departments without purchasing from outside. This conversion of solid waste material into organic manure can help to avoid ill-effects such as foul smell and mosquito menace and environmental pollution.
3.10.4
Power/Electricity
Almost entire town is covered by Electricity supply system. The initial main supply comes from the two overhead HT lines, viz. o Chandragiri feeder (A.P.S.E.B 11 K.\/. Line) o Alipiri Feeder (T.T.D.11 K.V. line.) To the APCPDCL 33/11 KV Sub-station situated at GNC Area . From here, the distribution is managed through 56 number of distribution transformers at different parts of town and sub stations.
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The average requirement of power at Tirumala is approx. 350 lakh units per year or about 1 lakh units per day.
3.10.5
Non-conventional Energy
6 units of 250 KWH windmills are erected on Tirumala. Additional 10 windmills of 250 KW/H are erected at Kakula Konda.
3.11 Health & Sanitation The TTD is responsible to take care of general health and sanitation. The public toilets located at all important centers are well maintained and frequently washed and disinfected. The Q complex and Tonsure centers are regularly washed and disinfected. A 50 bedded TTD Ashvini Hospital is constructed at Tirumala within walking distance from the main bus stand. At Vaikuntam Q complex emergency medical services are available, All the medical services are free for all. These facilities are in addition to Hospitals of TTD at Tirupati.
3.12 Education Tirupati is an important education center in the entire region. This only due to contribution of TTD, which even, runs the colleges and university at Tirupati. But at Tirumala at present two elementary schools and one high school is run by TTD at Tirumala.
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3.13
Communication
There is post office, sub post office and telegraph office at Tirumala. The telecom revolution has changed the entire communication environment. There are quite a few public telephone booths available throughout 24 hours. Closed Circuit T.V., through which devotion all programs and music are relayed
3.14 Facilities and Amenities Shopping & Commercial Activities. Cottage industries There are about 850 Shops, 15 Kiosks, 477 hawkers, 7 push carts, about 10 big restaurants, all over Tirumala which are licensed by the local body,i.e., Gram Panchayat. In addition to canteens in Temple Q complexes other important are run by TTD. 50% of regular shops are accommodated in three storied shopping complex and nearby opposite Annapurna Canteen area located in between the Central reception office and the Temple. About 20% shops are located on the main street between The Temple and Astana mandapam and on East Mada Street. The remaining shops are near Central Reception office and other parts of the town. In each and every centers of pilgrim cottages, Choultries, and in important places kiosks are located so that they are available at walking distances from the cottages and rooms of pilgrims. There were 29 Restaurants (including 10 big establishments), and Canteens, Govt Institutions, Coffee Board, Emporiums, Tea Board
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etc. and one petrol pump. There are numerous hawkers. Except for the Coconut there are no wholesale outlets and it is observed that the basic wholesale activity takes place in the market of base town Tirupati. All most all the nationalized Indian banks have branches at Tirumala. ln addition to money transactions, the banks have
voluntarily extending their services in non-conventional banking commerce such as selling TTD coupons, tickets, and even Prasadam.
3.15 Hair Offerings One of the most visible acts of faith for pilgrims who visit Tirupati, is to have their heads shaved and donate the hair to the temple symbolising the surrendering one's ego to God. The temple organization in turn sells the hair, particularly the long hair of women, to international buyers for use as hair extensions. Men's hair is used to extract a protein called L-Cystein that is used in a range of products including eatables. In 2008, the Sri Venkateswara Temple generated approximately Rs. 450 million in proceeds from the sale of hair. 3.16 Housing/ Pilgrim Boarding Accommodation One of the primary objectives of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) is to ensure that comfortable accommodation is provided to pilgrims at a reasonable cost. TTD has constructed around 4850 cottages, guest houses and choultries both at Tirupati and Tirumala.
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At Tirumala the process of allotment of cottages to pilgrims at Tirumala has been computerized, There are good number of Hotels ranging from ordinary (Non Star) to Three star at Tirupati. As per general studies it is observed that the occupancy of the medium standard hotel is more than 50%. The luxury hotels are financially not sustainable due to less occupancy. On Tirumala private hotels are not permitted. Some of the religious institutions (Math) have noncommercial residential accommodation for their members/ donors.
(i) Free Accommodation There are several large choultries with free rooms for families to stay in reasonable comfort. Electricity and water are provided free of charge. For free accommodation, pilgrims may contact the Central Reception Office, near the bus stand in Tirumala. Pilgrims can also rest in dormitory halls provided by TTD. (ii) Rental (on payment) Pilgrims can reserve paid accommodation in Tirumala by paying the requisite amount.
3.17
Increase in pollution
A major environmental problem evident in both Tirumala and Tirupati is severe air pollution that is largely due to increase in trafc density, directly related to visitation patterns. Air pollution monitoring conducted by the Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB),
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in Tirumala-Tirupati in 2001 shows the average values of the total suspended particulate matter (TSPM), an indicator of air quality (pollution) to be far higher than the acceptable standards. In Tirumala, it mainly results from a high concentration of tourist vehicles. Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC), the state run bus service, claims that during peak season, more than 1000 jeeps (the most common mode of travel) run round the clock and there is one bus every minute to cater for pilgrims. An additional cause of congestion is regular movement of trucks that carry construction materials for building new facilities for visitors.
3.18
Exploitation of natural resources
Provision of facilities and amenities for pilgrims in Tirumala has come at the cost of exploitation of natural resources. Deforestation has been blatant in the past and building of dams in the hills for water supply has led to drying of water springs, canals and streams and also to a substantial loss of irrigation water for the rural areas downstream A result is an increased rate of soil erosion and other problems typical to ecosystem imbalance as well as near extinction of the indigenous ora and fauna. Apart from these indirect effects, increased visitation is also directly responsible for wildlife extinction in two main ways. First, provision of extensive lighting in the hills to improve visibility of access to the shrine has taken away the darkness that was otherwise critical for many animals for nding food. Second, the noise that is associated with periodic movement of pilgrims
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walking up to the shrine and frequent movement of vehicles drives away wildlife. Environmental problems that are directly associated with the magnitude of visitor numbers are clearly visible in Tirumala. However, as the visitors mix with the resident population, a s i n t h e c a s e o f Tirupati, so do their environ-mental impacts and therefore it becomes extremely difficult to differentiate between causes of environmental problems. These are further complicated when, on the one hand the proportion of visitors steadily increases on a regular basis and on the other, the pressures of rapid urbanisation keep mounting, at least in part driven by the economic opportunities provided by regular visitation. The problem of overcrowding needs no special mention, it inevitably accompanies such magnitude of visitation.
3.19 Transportation 3.19.1 Regional Connectivity: Tirupati Tirumala & Renigunta Transport
The development of the entire region depends on Tirumala Pilgrimage. The region is dependant on and is benefited by the trade and commerce generated by the pilgrimage. Efficiency of mass pilgrim transport between Tirupati and Tirumala has played a key role in the growth of pilgrims. Tirumala itself being a uni-functional settlement does not remain isolated but has direct influence in the
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total regional development and which generates multifunctional potential for the entire region. The development of transportation network and facilities Tirumala therefore cannot be in isolation but has become the crucial factor of regional potential to meet and sustain the needs of pilgrims (tourist infrastructure) that should be properly planned and chanellised for the all-round development and prosperity of the region.
The entire economy of Tirupati depends directly and indirectly on the Tirumala pilgrimage activities. The other factors related to the development of educational centres in Tirupati have contributed to the growth in population. The road transport from Tirupati to Tirumala on one hand contributes to the employment opportunities and economical growth of base town and on other hand helps in keeping Tirumala free from the environmental pollution and requirement of land for transport maintenance infrastructure. It is observed that pilgrim growth rate has direct impact on the transport link and at the same time the pilgrim growth depends on transport infrastructure. The development and efficient management of the transport link will be the major factor in the regional development and integrated growth of both the towns. This aspect governs the physical plan and transport network of the base town of Tirupati. The physical growth and the development plan of Tirupati reflect the importance of this fact.
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The APSRTC public transport link (Tirupati to Tirumala) terminates at Central Reception and Bus Stand.
3.19.2 Tirumala Internal Transport Any pilgrim can by walk reach the temple from the Central Reception office or the terminating point of the link (Tirupati- Tirumala) and as well as from local public transport route (inner ring) on the periphery of this zone (religious area) on foot while enjoying the informal shopping or commercial precinct
3.19.3 Inter relation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic The present pattern of pathways and roads at Tirumala is such that there is minimum need of local vehicular private transport. The local transport is well managed by public free bus service eliminating the polluting private taxies and three wheelers.
3.19.4 Modal split of Pilgrim Traffic Leaving aside about 10% pilgrims ascending Tirumala Hills on foot, the remaining pilgrims reach Tirumala by different modes of transport, About 60% travel by RTC buses whereas 22% travel by Taxis (cars and jeeps) Around 6% visit Tirumala by personal cars most of them from Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The pilgrims coming by two-wheelers are limited to less than 2%.
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3.19.5 Commuter behaviour, preferences and its impact Following conclusions can be drawn about the attitude and preferences of the pilgrims. It is observed that number of pilgrims using bus has increased and similarly the number of pedestrian pilgrims has increased. ln the transport modes in last two decades there is a basic change due to : (1) Construction of additional approach roads to Tirumala thus making separate roads for ascending and descending traffic from hills thereby making the Ghat road traffic safe. (2) Affordability of Pilgrims for sharing taxis. The constant percentage of pedestrian pilgrims indicates the strong religious belief and sentiments irrespective of availability of other convenient road transport. Hence the pedestrian way has its own importance. The four-wheel (excluding Bus) user pilgrims have increased. The pilgrims preferred high frequency and low cost public transport. The maximum car users visit on weekends. But this has impact on the Tirumala local traffic as these vehicles are allowed within the town for local transport resulting in pollution and traffic problems.
3.19.6 Circulation Pattern of Tirumala (i) Hierarchy in Existing Circulation Pattern (Road Network) The existing network to and from Tirumala can be basically categorized in four tiers and a pedestrian system:
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Road reaching up to Bus Terminus: The road from Alipiri to Tirumala bringing heavy traffic and the second road carrying traffic from Tirumala to Alipiri gets unified at the entrance of the city and finally the incoming traffic ends at Central Reception Office. The maximum pilgrim traffic using public transport system leaves Tirumala from the Bus terminus whereas traffic travelling by personal vehicles and taxis leave from the place of Stay. Arterial Road carrying Mass Public Transport: The major arterial road connects all important nodes including Central Reception Office, all sub reception offices located at different area of pilgrims residences, bus terminus, commercial area and important nodes. Roads within the neighborhoods and special areas: All other roads carry vehicular traffic as well pedestrians but not mass public transport: Roads around temple for pedestrians only include religious processions. The road from the shopping center and Kalayan Katta to temple and the temple precinct ie. Mada street all around encircling the temple and Srivari Koneru free from vehicular traffic. Pathways (pedestrians only): Pedestrian Pathways all over passing through green open spaces. The area encircled by Mada Streets and the Road from temple to Kalyan Katta is kept free from vehicular traffic, which includes shopping center and Sri Anjaneya temple.
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3.19.7 Bus Services & Parking At present the passengers arriving by buses get down at central reception office and the maximum number of passengers leaving Tirumala board buses at Bus terminus. At important pilgrim centers sub stations for boarding out going busses are provided. The taxis are parked at central parking place where as for private cars parking areas are provided near Vaikuntam (Q complex) and other important places. In case of pilgrim cottages the car parking near the cottages is permitted.
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PART 2
Planning Proposals for Tirumala-Tirupati Planning for Tirumala Complex Srivari Master Plan
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CHAPTER 4 PLANNING
PROPOSALS FOR TIRUMALATIRUPATI
4.1 Premise
The new management system, planning of amenities, creation of new facilities, new transportation and pilgrim movement system, regulation of number pilgrims at Tirumala and the overall development of the Tirumala-Tirupati region is proposed primarily from the following main issues:
The number of pilgrims visiting Tirumala will keep growing to unmanageable levels. This would increase the burden on
transportation, civic infrastructure, natural environment and the administrative system of TTD. It is only wise to adapt with the changing times with innovative methods without compromising on the sanctity of Tirumala. Infrastructure Challenge: Tirumala does not have adequate water supply systems, sewerage systems, solid waste
management and power systems to take care of the ever increasing pilgrims every day. The only way to mitigate this challenge and have a comfortable and sustainable infrastructure is
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to go for the Base Camp and Central Reservation Centre concept and other related maesures suggested of pilgrim management. It is estimated that the planning measures by way of this master plan would reduce the burden by more than 50% at Tirumala hilltop. Health & Sanitation Challenge: Lack of proper physical infrastructure leads to unhygienic conditions and unhealthy environment. Management Challenge: It is difficult to manage the rush of pilgrims especially if the numbers are increasing everyday, the time for darshan is decreasing even more and the Security Challenge: Keeping in view the overall safety and security situation it is difficultto manage the rushof people in small area. Even movement ofpeople from Tirupati to Tirumala is difficulto manage with so many modes and methods of travel and access available. In case of Manmade or natural disaster it will get very difficult to handle situations and can lead to hardships. Brahmotsavams: The tremendous challenge of handling about 4 lakh pilgrims during Brahmotsavams and the social occasions at Tirumala would need to be addressed in the Master Plan like having galleries around the temple complex and the present
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successful measures employed by TTD of pilgrim management during such occasions.
The resident population of Tirumala is around 10,000 persons. The total daily visitors/pilgrims are around 70,000 as per 2012 data. During Brahmotsavams this increases to 4-5 Lakhs on a given day. The Man to Land ratio is around 30 sq mtrs per person. As per future projections this will be reduced to 15 sq mtrs per person per day and during Brahmotsavams it can get reduced to as much as 6 sq mtrs per person. This is not only inadequate for humans but also prone to safety and security challenges.
The pilgrimage is the key factor, which will sustain the development of not only Tirumala but also the entire region. The efficient management of entire pilgrimage and the administration should take care of: i) Pilgrim local transport facilities, and transport to the Tirumala hills, ii) iii) Pilgrim lodging and boarding, Pilgrimage religious needs such as Darashanam, vow
fulfillment, and Pilgrims participation in Pujas, visiting nearby places of religious importance iv) v) Sociocultural needs of pilgrims, Security and Health of pilgrims,
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4.2
Pilgrim Movement
4.2.1 The present System: An Overview Pilgrims arrive from different points and through different modes of travel (train and buses being the predominant ones) through Renigunta and then enter Tirupati and then proceed via Alipiri and the Ghat road to Tirumala. So is the case with those pilgrims who walk up the hills through Alipiri. At Tirumala, pilgrims look for accommodation (usually for 2 days) and then plan out for darshan of the Lord. Depending upon the number of pilgrims and the rush, TTD gears up for them. There is another class of pilgrims called week-end pilgrims who descend upon directly at Tirumala through buses or private vehicles on Saturdays and Sundays. They do not take
accommodation but proceed directly to the Q Complex and the temple for darshan and thereafter go back the same way. The darshan process is a need-based and first-come-first-served basis in so far as the common man (the aam aadmi) is concerned. The outcome in this existing system and scenario is uncertainty of time taken and adhocism normally prevails. When the numbers reach saturation point, as is the case frequently at Tirumala, delays occur. Getting darshan could be within few hours or 1 whole day or even 2 days on week-ends, etc. This whole uncertainty has adverse impact and bearing on the pilgrims psyche, his stay at Tirumala and his return journey (mostly by train). The authorities are in crisis-solving and fire-fighting mode and on special occasions and festivals at
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tenterhooks. This is a similar scene in most of the religious places and temples in the country. Thus, viewing the present pilgrims movement trend and present system of darshan at the temple complex at Tirumala, it is a simple model of pilgrims arriving at Tirupati and going up to Tirumala and returning back to Tirupati and thereafter going to their respective destinations. The pilgrim movement within Tirumala is also in a single file-whether it is through the Q Complex or through VIP darshan route which eventually join at the Main entrance and go in a single file. There is scope for improvement in pilgrim movement by employing
computerized techniques which would not only ensure efficiency of pilgrim movement, but also ensure more numbers of ordinary pilgrims getting darshan besides avoiding over-crowding, increased safety and security, etc. The Master Plan proposals should support this and sub-serve towards this end. 4.2.2 Pilgrim Arrivals, future projections and requirements The problems and issues of pilgrim movement and facilities at Tirumala as well as at Tirupati are primarily arising out of the sheer number of pilgrim inflow to Tirumala which is showing increasing trend. The optimal number of pilgrims who can have darshan with the present system is about 50,000 per day. Any number above this would lead to saturation in the present management system. Annually 2.5-3 crore pilgrims have darshan of the Lord. But the day is not far61
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off when this may double (nearly 5-6 crore pilgrims would swarm the hilltop temple). Is Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams (TTD) prepared to handle pilgrim rush of such a magnitude?
While 60% of the pilgrims avail free darshan of the Lord, Rs 50 Sudarshan token holders constitute 16% of the total pilgrims. Pilgrims of Rs 300 Pratyeka Pravesha (special entry) darshan stand third at 13%. Seven lakh seva ticket holders, 7.5 lakh physically challenged persons and four lakh parents of infants, besides seven lakh VIP Break darshan ticket holders (constituting 3%) complete the total pilgrim arrival. But the maximum hours available for the pilgrims in a day are 19-20 and on some days it falls to 14 hours on account of special rituals and sevas.
Senior officials say the average time available for the pilgrims is 17.25 hours - non-VIPs 15.4 hours and VIPs 1.42 hours - though the VIPs end up spending 3-4 hours thus eating into common pilgrims' visiting hours. With a minimum of 45,000 to a maximum of 1.25 lakh daily arrivals (at an average arrival of 70,000), the TTD has a gigantic task of providing faster and quality darshan to the pilgrims. Since convergence of pilgrims is very high on New Year, festivals, Brahmotsavams, Vaikunta Ekadasi, summer holidays and auspicious days, pilgrim management becomes a herculean task.
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What's the way forward? "The way to manage the queues is by either reducing the inflows or increasing the rate of outflows or both. However, this pilgrim darshan management can be changed and the number enhanced at-least with a capacity of catering to about one lakh pilgrims per day by more effective management and planning techniques and without creating further strain or impinging on the restricted resources and facilities at Tirumala by, viz., (a) the time has come of viewing Tirumala as only a transit point and not a destination and implementing and maintaining it as such, i.e., discouraging pilgrims to stay at the hill top and instead have only darshan and return back to Tirupati where more stay and related facilities are made available; (b) Going in for Base camp concept at Tirupati and creating more planned townships at Tirupati with all attendant facilities for stay and recreation and transportation for pilgrims; (c) Putting in place a total computerized pilgrim darshan management system which takes into account every pilgrim visiting Tirumala; (d) Transporting pilgrims to and from Tirupati through modern and environmentally-friendly mass movement techniques
The above necessitate the proposals given in the following sections of this report.
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4.3
Need for a more effective Pilgrim Movement and Darshan
Management system (PMDM)
This Sri Vari Master Plan proposes to modify and change the system by structuring the movement and darshan of the ordinary pilgrims who visit Tirumala. This Plan therefore lays emphasis on planned and stream-lined system of pilgrims arrivals, taking into account their numbers, their proper stay (whether at places in Tirupati or at Tirumala), regulating the pilgrim darshan by allotting definite slots, their movement up to Tirumala hill-top and thereafter at Tirumala, and for darshan in the Q Complex in a more effective manner (instead of the single serpentine and single file of pilgrim line) and through other ways of effective queuing system and then after darshan their return back to the Railway station or bus station point or central point in other words, taking care of the ordinary pilgrim from starting point to the end point or his return.
4.3.1
Improving
the
access
to
and
from
Tirumala
by
Decentralising, Regulating, controlling. At present, Alipiri is the main access point from Tirupati to Tirumala , with buses as the mainstay of mass pilgrim movement through the two Ghat roads. This access issue to Tirumala needs to be modified and changed. There are three alternatives suggested depending upon the acceptance by TTD and the temple religious committee, viz.
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Creating and developing 2 additional access points from i) Renigunta side directly to Papanasanam Road on the hill top through the valley; ii) Making access from Srinivasa Mangapuram and Srivari Mettu more accessible and popular (in fact this route as well as the new Renigunta route are not steep with gentle gradient compared to the Alipiri access and the existing ghat roads). Thus 3 main access points and network to and from Tirumala and Tirupati should be created, i.e., 1. Alipiri 2. Renigunta 3. Srinivasa Mangapuram
While Alipiri center would continue to cater to the motor vehicle pilgrim users and also to those pilgrims who choose to walk on foot; the other two centers, Renigunta and Srinivasa Mangapuram center will either have new road or Light Rail Train/Tramway system taking pilgrims up to Tirumala through the valleys from the respective directions. Along these routes, provisions should also be made for pedestrians and bicycle tracks for those pilgrims who want to go up the hills on foot or by bicycles.
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4.3.2 Central Facilitation Centres (CFCs) In the above Sri Vari Master Planning, it is suggested that these three locations be developed as Integrated Central Facilitation Centres (CFCs) where all visitors to Tirumala would get the queuing number and accreditation directly. It is suggested that over a period of time all visitors to Tirumala Should pass through these CFCs for efficient pilgrim movement management. The majority pilgrims would pass through the three CFCs at the foothills thus streamlining a major percentage of pilgrim movement. Those approaching Tirumala directly through foot or
personalized vehicles destined for guesthouses on top would be given the queue number and accreditation at the CFC at the TET Complex on top.
The three CFCs at the foothills would be integrated with the Base Residential Camps to ensure that with limited mobility the numerous pilgrims can take comfortable accommodation, get queue no and accreditation , travel to Tirumala through CNG Buses/LRT through designated route all in one package and seamlessly. Efficient management of this system would ensure that a large number of pilgrims would not stay on Tirumala top in the future thus reducing the infrastructure and management burden on TTD. This will also make the pilgrimage more comfortable and satisfying.
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The challenge would be on TTD to manage the pilgrim movement within the Tirumala area during normal days and especially during Brahmotsavam.
Central Facilitation Centres (CFCs) cum Base Residential Camps are: 1. Tirupati City Central Facilitation Centre (CFC) at Srinivasa Mangapuram. 2. 3. Alipiri City Central Facilitation Centre (CFC) at: Alipiri Renigunta Town Central Facilitation Centre at Dhodla mitta
All these three locations and centres would be interlinked good circulation network. Each CFC will be spread over an approximate area of around 15 acres with ample parking and circulation areas, amenities, administration offices, circulation lounge for pilgrims ready to alight the transportation to Tirumala and also those retuning back from the hilltop. As mentioned the base camps will be attached to the CFCs in a single complex and will be developed in the form of planned townships catering to about 20,000 pilgrims per day each thus taking care of around 60,000 pilgrims per day in total. The integrated complex will be around 200 acres each.
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4.3.3 Going in for Base Residential Camp (BRCs) concept There is a growing feeling that residential population should be discouraged at Tirumala. This includes local populace at Balajinagar and other areas as well as the 3800 odd cottages and scores of guest houses. Instead some transit dormitory type accommodations could be planned/redesigned (for pilgrims who are forced to overstay) This facility should be combined with pilgrim nodal facilities centres located at specified and suggested points. The rest of the area should be made clean and green with hardy landscaping and creating a holy and pious environment.
Instead of the above, lodging/residential facilities should be planned and designed at three locations as mentioned below as a base-camp with a large township spread over 150 acres at each location and ideally all residential accommodation relocated here. This residential base camp would be integrated with the Central Facilitation Centers (CFCs) discussed earlier in this section.
This
concept
together
with
the
transit/movement
proposals
implemented and dove-tailed would ensure proper pilgrim movement as well as giving them better amenities and facilities and help in stream-lining the pilgrim flows and facilities for them and ultimately result in having better darshan of the Lord.
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"Exception may however be made for VVIP movement from the above transit system proposal as strictly as per State Protocol, viz. having and putting a system of separate and exclusive CNG Vehicles, parking, safety and security concerned in place"
Three locations for base camps are suggested: 1. 2. 3. Basecamp Cum CFC 1: Srinivasa Mangapuram Basecamp Cum CFC 2: Alipiri Basecamp Cum CFC 3: Dhodla mitta
At 3 locations these CFCs shall have base camps developed in the form of planned townships catering to about 20,000 pilgrims per day each thus taking care of around 60,000 pilgrims per day in total. All these 3 townships shall be planned and developed with modern layout planning with all facilities and stay and entertainment and of course a central seva center. All the 3 Central Facilitation Centres (Seva Centers) and the main one at Tirumala hill top would be interlinked by LAN Computer network. Each and every pilgrim would have to register in any one of the above three centers to get accreditation number and queue number. The total area requirement per CFC is estimated to be around 50 acres. Therefore a total of 600 acres need to be identified spread across these three locations. The calculation is done for buildings of Stilt +9 floors with 30% ground coverage with the rest of the area left
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for parks, parking, play grounds/recreation, public facilities and amenities, cultural centres etc.
4.3.4 Integrated Tirumala Entry Terminal (TET) Complex It is suggested that TTD consider and Integrated Tirumala Entry Terminal (TET) at the main entry/exit. This TET would function as a full fledged arrival and departure lounge and should be able to efficiently accommodate and manage the movement of around 5000 per sons per hour per day. This would mean that at a given period around 10,000 pilgrims total would be transiting through this terminal per hour. It is estimated that around that the total complex would require around 40 acres and would accommodate the following components: TET Complex components i) TET Block: Main terminal, CFC for direct pilgrims, Admn Office, Amenities Centre, CCLC: 5 acre ii) iii) iv) Parking Area: 10 acres BRT/LRT Stand terminal: 5 Acres Public Plaza with fountains, trees, resting areas and
recreational space for pilgrims to relax before and after the pilgrimage: 10 acres v) vi) Arts and Cultural University: 5 Acres Heritage Museum and Interpretation Centre: 5 Acres
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Land needs to be demarcated for this purpose which would include the transit areas, security, ancillary activities and management offices. This would include a large central plaza, open congregation space of around 10 acres which would be integrated with parks, cultural centre, dissemination centres etc. The pilgrims would be able to spend time in these areas in comfort and the space planning would ensure that there is no congestion or risk of disaster.
TET Location Map
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TET Layout
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4.3.5 Development of Central Logistics & Control Centre (CLCC) It is proposed that for total coordination and management an exclusive command and control centre including the administration of Tirumala and TTD be located in a single block within the new TET. This facility can be developed within the TET complex with a ground coverage of 30% and G+3 structure of around 2.5 lakh sft with ample parking and green space. This can accommodate 1500 workers at a given time.
4.4
Planning for the movement of pilgrims in the future
There would be three methods of visiting the Tirumala Temple Complex, viz, 1. Type 1: Two Tier movement: The movement would be from Base Camps cum /CFC to TET to Tirumala and return. For normal pilgrims the free darshanam would continue but would depend on the queuing management system places separately but in conjunction with the Three Tier movement. Since the residential accommodation would be taken care of at the Base Camps below only a minimal percentage of pilgrims would stay back on the Hilltop within the guest houses in Tirumala area at all thus reducing the burden on Tirumala tremendously. Security systems would be appropriately in place.
Transportation would be through TTD operated CNG Buses or BRT/LRT system.

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2. Type
2:
Two
Tier
movement
Two
Tier
movement:
Accreditation through CFC at TET Complex followed by direct entry into Guest House in Tirumala. This would take care of the special visitors and VIPs. Over a period of time the personalized vehicles would need to be discouraged to keep the Tirumala Environment clean. Battery operated carts, minivans would ensure that pilgrims wanting to stay on guest houses on hilltop would be catered to efficiently. It is suggedt that TTD develop a full fledged internal transport system to finally stop all personalized vehicles entering into Tirumala. Only exceptional cases/VIP vehicles would be allowed.
3. Type 3: Direct Entry/ free darshanam: For normal pilgrims the free darshanam would continue but would depend on the queuing system in conjunction with the other two systems. These pilgrims would need to be checked physically for security considerations and entry would be through the TET for regulation and management purposes. . The mode of transport would be through foot from Alipiri as well as Srivari Mettu which needs to be improved and popularised and the other through the proposed mass transit light rail system so that the flow of of large number of pilgrims can be catered to and tackled. For this a separate and full fledged state of art security system and establishment would be needed.
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However the tremendous challenge of handling about 4 lakh pilgrims during Brahmotsavams and other social occasions at Tirumala would need to be addressed in the Master Plan like having galleries around the temple complex after the 4 Mada Streets, and the present successful management measures employed by TTD of pilgrim management during such occasions.
4.4.1 Making changes of separate entry and exit at temple Complex Central to the success of any change in the pilgrim darshan management system is making certain basic changes in the main temple complex, viz., (a) the Agama Shastras and the temple religious committee allowing separate entry and separate exit to and from the Temple complex in the interest of effective movement, safety and security; (b) The Agama Shastras/Temple religious committee allowing systems/equipment like Walkalators or moving platforms or gallery viewing be made possible within the main mandapa in front of the Garbha Gudi without demolition of structures but involving removal or clearance of certain grills, railings etc. so as to make the Garbha Gudi and Lord deity visible clearly from distance, etc; (c ) Judicious expansion of the temple with construction of extended mandapam and shifting of certain rituals like Kalyanams, etc. to this
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area thus leaving the man in Garbha Gudi and mandapam fronting it free for pilgrim darshan of the Lord deity. 4.4.2 Basic parameters for pilgrim movement in the future But whatever the pilgrim management system TTD chooses from the above, the following basic parameters and aspects would require change and restructuring:(a) Regulating and chanellising pilgrim movement at Renigunta and Tirupati (b) From these two main entry points, registering and transporting pilgrims by CNG operated buses or Light Rail Train system suggested; (c) However, if TTD wants to continue with the present system of buses then these buses may be modified version like CNG fuelbased or electric trolley type guided bus system. This would necessitate APSRTC to develop bus terminals at the 3 centers and deploy only CNG buses. Plying of private vehicles to and from Tirumala may be restricted and only essential staff and goods vehicles and VVIP vehicles be only allowed.
This Plan would not touch or affect the VIP Darshan system or movement, excepting that once the restructuring and total
computerization system is in place, this restructured system can also take account of VIPs and their movement-whether from the Airport or rail or road-they will have to register in one of the points or one of the three proposed Central Facilitation Centers.
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The above restructuring and change would call for: (a) decentralized planning of facilities and amenities (off Tirumala) (b) an integrated system of mass transportation which is pilgrimcentric and exclusively under the operation, management and control of TTD; (c) devising and putting in place a total computerised pilgrim accountability and management system that
enumerates/registers the pilgrims, gives options and allots slots for darshan, gives options and program schedule and how to go about it; (d) Change in the working of TTD with a separate managementoriented force to cater to ( c) above; (e) restructuring of the areas in the Central Core and surrounding 6 zones of Tirumala since the above restructuring measures and system would result a drastic reduction in over-crowding ,etc at Tirumala and usage of the existing structures and facilities by pilgrims
4.4.3 Proposal of management of pilgrim movement Once the pilgrim arrives by LRT/BRTS Route1 (Srinivasa
Mangapuram Line) or 2(Renigunta Line), he gets down at the Q Complex. He then checks into the Q Complex No 1. Both the 2 Q Complexes would be a modified activity center which has a special type and design of WALKALATOR with compartments (taking care of safety, seating for the aged/old and infirm, etc.) and moving along
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a specified path that takes pilgrims right up to the sanctum sanctorum (Garbha Gudi) of Lord Balaji. The speed and the time of darshan is again computer-controlled depending upon the number of pilgrims and surge. Instead of taking the pilgrims inside the Garbha Gudi , they will have the deitys darshan from the doorstep of Garbha Gudi for atleast a few minutes. Also depending upon the rush, 2 walkalators moving parallelly can also be planned and operated. The exit route would not be through the main entrance, but through the North exit (Vaikunta dwaram) and return back at Q Complex No.2. If this exit route is not foud suitable, the the second alternative is from Ramulavari Meda and Vishwaksena Temple on the
North.Alternatively, separate entry and exit point for the Walkalators may be devised at the present Vendivakili near the
Dhwajasthambam area. This would function as Netradwarams
T. T. Devasthanams conventional, defensive, problem solving approach of providing and maintaining transport, accommodation and facility for Darsanam by long queues needs basic changes. After examining all the aspects relating to pilgrim movement throughout the year it is observed that there is a need of integrated program in place of fragmented one so that the pilgrims can be guided, motivated and their movements can be better oriented to achieve best possible management. There are definite limitations of time in proportion to the pilgrims seeking darsanam The time factor varies in relation to calendar, rituals / Pujas / and temple maintenance. The Puja & ritual
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SRIVARIMASTERPLAN
needs are, calendar and time based. The pilgrim flow management has dynamic character and cannot be programmed as constant flow or flow of a regular acceleration or of a problem of defined variables.
Inverse proportion: The time available for darshanam reduces as the religious programs per day increases. ln critical period which has religious importance the number of pilgrims increases at the same time the available time for darshanam decreases. Thus the problem increases in almost geometrical progression and results
unmanageable precipitation of problem leading to failure of system. Long queues accommodation and comforts provided to pilgrims in queue cannot be considered as efficiency of management ,lt is a temporary relief at cost of the pilgrims and unnecessary load on the infrastructure and at the same time the continuity of problem and chances of precipitation remains unsolved. The T. T. D. should look forward on making a dynamic computer operated management program to bring down the queue length and waiting period for Darshanam after entering the temple complex.
4.4.5 Computerized Integrated Program for Pilgrim Movement and Darshan Management system (PMDM) Scope The program should be able to manage the following: (i) Registration and classification of pilgrims / tourists,
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SRIVARIMASTERPLAN
(ii)
Allotment of Accommodation to pilgrims at Tirumala and Tirupati,
(iii) Link transport through and between Tirupati and Tirumala. , (iv) Booking for all Pujas. (v) Management of Darshanam Facilities.
(vi) Alert and high light the critical occasions. (vii) Emergency and disaster management.
Objectives The objectives of the program should: (i) Guided movement of pilgrims to: Eliminate Uncertainty, insecurity feeling of the pilgrims. Full utilization of the valuable time of the pilgrims, Create rational sequence and order of movement. (ii) Provide information to Pilgrims for advance planning of their program (iii) Make advance booking of total program of pilgrims. (iv) Make Optimum utilization of the facilities and infra structure, (v) (vi) Co- ordinate all the departments and human resource, Optimum and planned utilization of Human resource in 24 hours management, (vii) Optimum and planned utilization of Human resource in relation to the annual calendar including their leave, holidays, overtime, relieve etc. (viii) Future Planning: Daily, Weekly, Monthly and annual,
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Timely alert the authorities by alarming in case of emergencies, Assessment and advance information of the chain of actions and reactions
Operational System The Program should be operational at LAN covering the different points of pilgrim reception and heads of departments in integrated manner. The data input system should be with minimum possible discretion of the operator. (i) It should be open and dynamic for logical decisions for additions and alterations (ii) It should be able to alert in advance for critical point in each and every department. (iii) It should be able to monitor and forecast the preparations level required at every point of facility service, and control. (iv) It should have facility to adjust in case of disaster. (v) It should be able to coordinate between various departments,
Database of Program The program can be made based on following data: (i) Pilgrims statistical input including projections: Mode of travel, Quantitative analysis in relation to calendar and religious programs,
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Projections. Daily, weekly, monthly, special occasions up to 2021 Attitude of pilgrims and their sociocultural needs and their influence Affordable finances, and time
(ii) Temple Religious program & Puja Schedules, Rituals, Capacity to hold pilgrims for Darshanams and different Pujas, Temple maintenance, Religious limitations
(iii)
Lodging boarding accommodation at
Tirumala At base town Tirupati, For marriages, Private registered with Devastanam.
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4.5 Tirumala-Tirupati Integrated Development Plan Over a period of time, the dynamics of spatial development at Tirumala would change. Emphasis would therefore be on making it lush green with vast expanses of open landscaping with pristine environment, spiritual and sacred place feeling with more
landscaping, greenery giving the image of a temple in lush green gardens environment; call for adaptive reuse and retrofitting of existing buildings and structures for religious, cultural activities and pursuits, etc. Tirupati town should be perceived as a transit point. To reach Tirumala and Tirumala need not be seen to accommodate the increasing population of the pilgrims
4.5.1 Connectivity to Tirumala To facilitate effective movement to and fro Tirumala, a Light Rail Train System/Bus Based System under the exclusive operation,
management and control of TTD is proposed. This will have two separate routes (and not along the existing 2 ghat roads), viz., Route 1- from Srinivasa Mangapuram from the direction of Sri Vari Mettu to TBC point and beyond; and the Route 2 from Renigunta Railway Station via Dhodlamitta Junction and valley to reach Papanasanam Road and beyond though Tirumala. This Light Rail Train System/Bus Based System would have an extended network within Tirupati town and interconnecting the 3 CFC cum BRCs in such a way that this could be used as local
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SRIVARIMASTERPLAN
transportation within Tirupati and surroundings (with a separate ticketing system for this). This LRTS interconnection would also facilitate management of the 3 CFC cum BRCs (if one gets filled then the pilgrims could be transported to others, etc)
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4.6
Tirumala Master Plan a boon for the local economy
There may be hesitation initially from local residents of Tirupati apprehending adverse impact on their economy by this restructured system-especially there could be opposition from local tour and vehicle operators whose livelihood may be affected by the abovementioned Tirumala LRT/BRTS. The system should be developed in sync with the overall development of Tirupati town. The awareness campaign by TTD should ensure that the medium and long term benefits to all residents of Tirupati should be publicized properly. As an efficient system would lead to more economic development and actually assist the local economy. It is clear that the base camps would also just suffice to the increasing popularity of Tirumala. There will still be large potential for local hoteliers, tour operators, retails business persons to grow along with this.
The restructured pilgrim movement plan would have a spread effect and diversification effect on Tirupati, since for most part of the pilgrims sojourn to Tirumala darshan, a large part of time will be spent in Tirupati. This would give rise to increased supporting trade and commerce entertainment and recreation needs. etc.
For
those
affected
directly
and
adversely
by
the
physical
development suitable rehabilitation measures may be undertaken by

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SRIVARIMASTERPLAN
TTD along with TUDA/TMC and GoAP by way of alternative employment in each of the 6 centres/townships can be thought of.
4.7
Tirupati-Tirumala Tourism Circuit
The above mentioned proposals taking a regional development approach should include an integrated tourism development plan to facilitate the movement and visit of pilgrims/tourists to various other places of importance for the pilgrims. This would have a positive spin-off in the overall economy and the benefits would percolate to the local population at large. This can be taken up by APTDC as a full-fledged separate plan and projects.
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CHAPTER 5 SRIVARI MASTER

PLAN
5.1 Planning at Tirumala Hill-top The pilgrim movement and darshan restructuring systems greater portion of success would depend upon the changes that would be necessitated at Tirumala for ensuring a smooth and hassle-free darshan for the common pilgrim. Before one discusses this in detail, one basic thing is compulsorily required at Tirumala Temple, viz. having a separate entry and exit within the temple in the interest of effective pilgrim movement and above all the increasing safety and security threat. As mentioned earlier in this report, it is suggested that TTD consider and Integrated Tirumala Entry Terminal (TET) at the main entry/exit. This TET would function as a full fledged arrival and departure lounge and should be able to efficiently accommodate and manage the movement of around 5000 per sons per hour per day. This would mean that at a given period around 10,000 pilgrims total would be transiting through this terminal per hour. It is estimated that around 50 acres of land needs to be demarcated for this purpose which would include the transit areas, security, ancillary activities and management offices. This would include a large central plaza, open congregation space of around 20 acres which would be integrated with parks, cultural centre, dissemination centres etc.
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SRIVARIMASTERPLAN
The pilgrims would be able to spend time in these areas in comfort and the space planning would ensure that there is no congestion or risk of disaster.
5.2 Broad Zoning Plan for Tirumala The Zoning of Tirumala Complex is suggested of dividing Tirumala Complex into 7 distinct zones with distinct road boundaries which would not only help in the regulation of activities, land uses and allocation of lands/plots, etc., but also help the TTD management in regulating and help the pilgrims in identifying the areas, evolving signages, etc.
The 7 Zones are suggested as follows: (i) Zone 1: The Core Area, i.e., the Temple and its immediate
surrounding proper, the Koneru, main Mandapam, etc. The zone is the central area of Tirumala which is bounded by a welldefined inner circular road consisting of nothing else but the temple proper, main mandapams, and vast vistas, open mandapams, landscaped areas and spaces for pilgrim congregation for darshans, festivals and major religious eventsAll other activities like existing shopping complex, kalyan katta, Mathas, Ram Bagicha Guest house would be relocated from here to other zones.
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SRIVARIMASTERPLAN
(ii) Zone
2:
The
Pilgrim
Amenities Ring
Zone:
upto
the Road
proposed/designated (which shall house all
pilgrim relocation
facilities of
excluding Katta,
dormitories/open
mandapas,
Kalyan
Shopping Complex, etc (iii) Zone 3: Pilgrim (M) Residential Zone: The Southern portion of Zone 1 i.e., the Toll Gate/entrance to Tirumala and other middle order accommodation areas
(iv) Zone 4: Pilgrim (H) Residential Zone: The immediate West of Zone 3 and housing all VIP accommodation areas
(v) Zone
5:
Recreational
&
Environmental
Zone:
The
recreational area, and the environmentally conservation area including the Alwar tank, Narayangiri Gardens, Valley, etc
(vi) Zone 6:The institutional and Cultural Zone - North of Zone 5 and west of Zone 1 housing all the Museums, Cultural centers, Mathas, Veda Patshala, etc.
(vii) Zone 7: The Utilities Zone: covering the Gas plant, SWD area, Pumping/water supply areas, crushing Mill unit, etc.
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5.3 The Core Area (Temple Complex Area) Relocation of activities in and around main temple complex (i) Kitchen area presently located within main temple complex on the south-east corner can it be shifted out ? one option is to relocate the entire kitchen and laddu counter/Prasad in the Hajiram Mutt area (taking over of this area by TTD) but without demolition of the existing buildings, making use of the buildings for kitchen adaptive reuse. OR if this is not feasible, going in for Option at para 3 below. (ii) Need for a separate EXIT GATE within the temple complex so that the huge hordes of pilgrim movement could be distributed. This includes the prasadam area and opening in the North wall in the North-east quadrant of the temple complex. (iii) The open area of North-west quadrant may be utilized for
stoarage of foodgrain/food articles/ kitchen complex and laddu and prasadam area (iv) Construct a separate mandapam for Kalyanam and other rituals/poojas on west quadrant in such a way ( a pillared hall) so as to seamlessly extend the main temple complex without feeling it to be an annexe, and with a suitable corridor entry by increasing the praganam for such pilgrims-who would then join the main queue of Lord darshan on the western wall).
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(v) The area in between (3) above and Konneru STP area could be planned for priests resting quarters and balance area suitable landscaped. (vi) The area in between the semi-circular Q Complexes could be designed as Museum depicting with the sound themes and of light
Vaibhavam/Puranas/Dashavatar
shows/sculptures and separately screening of documentaries, movies, etc. With entrance from the Q Complex for the benefit of the pilgrims who spend long time in the Q Complex. (vii) All the new additions and extensions should be totally in consultation with agama shastra pundits and vaastu shastra pundits and the structures should not dominate but blend and be in harmony with the main temple complex. (viii) The other areas outside the temple complex and outside they 4 Mada streets (which also need to be widened suitably to 80 ft west road and south while the north and east ones could be made to 100 ft respectively.) could be redesigned by having open galleries like open auditorium for usage at the time of Brahmavatsoms and other procession occasions which attract large congregation of pilgrims/public. (ix) A Zoning development plan need to be evolved for an area of 500 meters outside the proposed Ring Road and developed strictly as green buffer/thick avenue plantation. Only beyond the 500 green belt, should other activities planned and designed in
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harmony with the surroundings with alteast 50% of the ground coverage as greenery/vegetation. (x) The area in front of main temple complex (eastern side) till the Rambagicha Complex , including the area covered by Hajiram Mutt and adjoining structures till the westend road (if found not feasible for (1) above) should be suitably landscaped with open seating arrangements/benches and greenery/ fountains/
sculptures Existing structures like asthana Mandapam, etc be retained and adapted to the main landscaped park. (xi) The main entrance to the temple complex between the above mentioned landscaped park and Rambagicha Complex be
further developed as an 100 ft walkway with good landscaping and sculptures. (xii) The Annadanam Complex may be retained while the other existing structures like Kalyankatta Complex be relocated outside the Ring Road within the proposed main seva complex as well decentralised in the suggested nodal seva centres along the proposed Ring Road. (xiii) The main bus terminus located in the west would be required to be relocated outside the proposed Ring Road since the objective is to make the inner core area of Tirumala vehicular traffic-free. This would help structure vehicular traffic movement along the proposed Ring Road. (xiv) The Inner Circular Road may be suitably developed with avenue plantation along both sides, with a 30 ft. wide footpath
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for pilgrims and developed with suitable street furniture. The footpath should be properly integrated with (a) the Q Complexes (b) nodal amenities centres (c) tramway/guided bus system stations/stops (d) parking lots 5.4 Activity Nodes At 10 Points/Junctions, Nodal Amenities enters are proposed. These would be a one-stop destination for pilgrims with all amenities and facilities including Enquiry Office, Rooms/ Accommodation booking office, Dormitory facility, room type accommodation, parking, interchange point for battery-operated vehicles(for to & fro inner area of temple precinct), internet kiosks, shopping center, ATMs, Toilet block, etc.
The 10 Nodal Centers located along the Periphery Road are: (1) adjoining HVDC Enquiry Office (2) Ashwini Hospital Junction (3) Sanku Mitta junction (4) near Ananda Alwar Thota junction (5) Opp. Q Complex II (6) near Mysore Choultry (7) near Officers AType Quarters Junction (8) Near Type B Quarters (9) Near police
Quarters (10) Near Panchajanyam Guest House .
The respective 10 Station halts would be developed integrated with these Nodal centers inside the North and South Zone precincts. Thus a total of 22 Nodal centers would be developed integrating it with the pedestrian movement system.
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The locations of the said Nodal centres at above-mentioned junction points shall be undertaken preferably in nearest vacant sites. In few places, existing buildings would need to adapted for this purpose with additions and alterations as necessary.
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5.5 Transportation & Circulation Plan A transport-led solution for structuring the to and fro pilgrim movement in Tirumala is suggested. The proposals consist of (a) structuring pilgrim movement within Tirumala and (b) structuring Pilgrim movement to and from Tirumala.
Structuring pilgrim movement within Tirumala The proposals consists the following strategies: (i) Limiting the motorized vehicular movement along the proposed Ring Road of 30 meters (100 ft.) width and a central Arterial Road of 24 m (80 ft.) which divides Tirumala into North Zone (Temple Precinct) and South Zone (Residential and Pilgrim Amenities/Facilities Zone) respectively. (ii) In view of the sheer number of pilgrims visiting Tirumala there is a need for developing a mass transit system both within Tirumala (to chanellise the mass movement in the temple town) as well as in and around Tirupati and Renigunta the two main entry routes to Tirumala.
In the past various options were suggested and one of these was the Ropeway Project. However, due to its limitation of speed and volume, it cannot considered as additional mass transport system, Hence it may not have considerable impact on the modal distribution and in all cases the mass transport system will be preferred.
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(i)
A mass transit system either a Light Rail Transit System or alternatively a high capacity guided Bus Transit System on Tirumala hill-top (which would be a double track narrow gauge rail for a two-way direction operations; alternatively the guided bus transit system with a 300 bus capacity) to take care of pilgrims transit within the main activities areas at Tirumala.
(ii)
A Pedestrian movement pattern and facilities plan for all roads within the above-mentioned North and South Zone and peripheral road.
From the World Wide Web (translink.com)
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Regional Connectivity & Transport vis-a-vis Tirupati region Tirupati Tirumala Link transport by RTC. Busses, / Taxies / Eight Wheelers etc Local transport facilities at Tirupati and Tirumala, Administration: The existing supremacy of the TTD and its executive on the total control of the development is necessary because of the special character of the city, The important factor of planning and regional aspect cannot be left unconsidered. The Tirumala need not be under TUDA but there should be Coordination and inter dependence in planning. The
independence of TTD is required for the good management and administrative purpose but the planning of development should be under regional authority.
5.5.1 Tirumala Road Pattern The main roads and ring roads are planned in coordination to contours in harmony to topography. The aims and objectives of future development of roads are visualized as follows: (i) The pedestrian traffic should be maximum.
(ii) The central area consisting of zone of Temple and religious use and the retail shopping area should be vehicle free precinct. (iii) The need of local vehicular traffic should be minimum.
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(iv) The expansion of town should be to keep the need of local vehicular traffic minimum and manageable by nonpolluting public transport modes. (v) The mass local public transport should move on ring roads so that the distance from any point to the bus stop will be walkable (vi) Retain the harmony of road pattern with topography. (vii) Retain the hierarchy of zones, (viii) Enough parking should be provided all round the vehicle free precinct.
Revised alignment of 30 m (100 ft.) Peripheral Road within Tirumala The revised alignment is shorter, consisting of strengthening the existing roads and construction of only about 2.4 km of new formation. This peripheral road is suggested to contain the vehicular traffic movement within Tirumala for the purpose of safety, traffic control, pilgrim movement control and above-all enhancing the environment at Tirumala. Total length: 4.48 km. Existing roads strengthening: 2.48 km. Proposed new links: 2. 4 km. The alignment suggested is as follows: (Clock-wise direction) Point-A: Starting from Point (A) along the Tirupati-Tirumala main road which is about 500 meters before the main Toll Gate Arch.Takes left new formation till Sannidhanam Guest House Complex to join the
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outer-most semi-circular road of Garudadadri Nagar.Then alignment follows the semi-circular road till HVDC Enquiry Building-then goes parallel to 2nd semi-circular road (this is a new formation) till point before junction of 2nd semi-circular road. From here it follows existing Annamayya Bhavan road and goes
towards Ashwini Hospital Junction. From Ashiwini Hospital Junction it goes left along existing road via Vishnu Nilayam and Sri Lakshmi Nilayam. Here after Sri Lakshmi Nilayam, the alignment is slightly smoothened and goes by side of Sriniketan and side of Balaji Guest House to intercept the Sanku Mitta Road and goes along existing road going to Anand Alwar Tank Junction and from there all-along the existing road via Q-Complex, S V Museum, Sringeri Shankar Math, Mysore Choultry, Khasi math, Vijaya Bank, Officers Quarters A type, Varahaswamy Guest House II till Papanasanam Road Junction. -From Papanasanam Road Junction new alignment is proposed via South of GG Dham Treatment Plant and theh takinga south direction curve and passing outside Type B and Type D Quarters to join existing road near S V High School at Point E. -From Point E again a new alignment passing in between Police Quarters and Balaji Nagar and then going east of Kausthambam Guest House and again straight down adjoining F Type Quarters till Point G. From Point G the alignment goes along the foothills towards west to meet the point adjoining APSRTC Tirumala Bus depot and then straight down to meet near Petrol Pump and then to Toll Gate Circle
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and the existing Tirupati-Tirumala Road and to the starting Point A(before the Ghat road).
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5.5.2 Hierarchy of Road Pattern (i) The Roads reaching Main Bus stand from Tirupati (Ghat Roads) will have status of State High Way. (ii) The ring road (carrying Public Transport as well as local vehicular traffic) will be arterial road. (iii) All roads connection the main arterial road to the internal streets of the residential area will be main roads. (iv) Streets will be connecting the main roads with each building
(i) Peripheral Road: Consisting of 2 lanes divided carriage way on either side, pedestrian walkways of 9 ft on either end sides, 8 ft. green strip between pedestrian walkway and parking lanes, Parking lanes (kerb-side parking) of 9 ft. on either side.
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All existing roads within/ inside the peripheral road will have the following cross-sections:
(a)
Central
Arterial
Road
of
24
(80
ft.)
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(b)
Main Roads: 60 ft wide roads
With 30 ft. pedestrian way and space for a 2-lane battery operated vehicle and a 7 feet greenery in between the pedestrian walkway and the Battery operated vehicle lanes.
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(c)
Local roads 1: 40 ft. wide roads
With a 20 ft. Pedestrian walkway and 20 ft Battery operated lanes
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(d)
Local roads 2: 30 ft. wide roads
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(e)
20 ft. wide streets
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However, till such time the Western and Eastern part of the proposed Peripheral Road is formed and completed, the movement restriction of vehicles inside the North Zone Precinct may be confined to the existing Tirupati Tirumala main road connecting the Papanasanam Road on the East and North, and the above-mentioned Arterial Road from Garuda Circle connecting Sanku Mitta road on West. In other words, the pedestrian zone may be presently confined to the temple precinct bounded by Tirupati-Tirumala Road on west, Garuda CircleSanku Mitta Road arterial road on south. Existing peripheral road stretch on North and west respectively.
5.5.3 The pedestrian traffic Area all round the temple, Commercial retail shopping near Kalyan Katta is made vehicle free. Pilgrims will be able to reach temple and the central commercial area on foot from any point within the inner circle. Each and every corner of the town will be within walkable distance from Public Transport System.
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5.5.4 The Public Transport System Route It is suggested that a series of measures be undertaken to ensure efficient and effective mass transit systems keeping in view the current and future needs of the pilgrims at Tirumala. External Connectivity Two major routes are suggested for road as well as rail based approach to Tirumala (i) The LRTS/Guided Bus System should be extended from Srinivas Mangapuram till Alimellu Mangapuram at Tirchanur through a straight alignment through outskirts of Tirupati along the existing main road. (ii) From Tiruchanur, the LRTS/Guided Bus System should be extended to Alipiri via main Tirupati city i.e., south point of Tirupati Railway station in Tirupati.
For implementation, operation and maintenance of the above LRTS /Guided Bus Transit System Project, a separate SPV would be required to be constituted with TTD, APSRTC and the LRTS/Guided bus operator as equal partners.
Light Rail Transit System / Guided Bus Transit System These shall consist of narrow-guage (similar to one in operation in Ooty) along 2 routes (alternatively a guided bus transit system) , viz., Srinivasa Mangapuram to Tirumala Route (via Sri vari Mettu ) and
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Renigunta
Tirumala
route
(via
Dhodlamitta
and
valley
to
Papanasanam road) The LRTS RoW shall be 9 m (30 ft.) for enabling the 2 tracks in, one in each direction, with station halts spaced at 300 meters apart. The coaches shall be semi-open type to facilitate quick ingress and egress with ample luggage storage etc. In case of guided bus transit system, it shall be special buses with mainly standing type with a capacity of 300 per bus. Operational speed 40-50 km per hour and frequency of 5 mnts at peak hours and 15 minutes at non-peak hours. The light rail train/Guided Bus system should be one well-designed and managed circulation circuit. This would do a whole lot of good to the main town of Tirupati and its economy too (by way of contribution of share of revenue to the civic body and TUDA by TTD since it impacts this town. Even the initial capital cost is heavy it is still worth it and justifies the volumes of passengers ridership.
Internal transportation Vehicular traffic movement should not be allowed within/inside the entire Peripheral road except along the identified east-West Arterial road connecting Balajinagar, Garuda Circle, Lepakshi Museum, Coffee Board Canteen, SNC and Sanku Mita Road. Inside the peripheral road i.e., in North and South Zone Precincts, movement will be restricted through the following means:
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(a) Pollution free public transport buses will run in clockwise and anti clock wise direction continuously touching all important places and areas along the peripheral road. (b) Battery-operated 8-seater vehicles which would be available at specified points including the 10 Nodal Amenities complex (c) Pedestrian Walkways: Wide footpaths are proposed on one side of the roads/streets to cater to the large number of walkers. The smaller footpath on the other side is proposed as a infrastructure corridor and to provide buffer to the buildings.
5.5.5 Eco-friendly transportation It is suggested that all technologies buses, of eco friendly based
transportation
including
battery
electricity
LRT/BRT be explored and implemented setting the tone for long term sustainability and energy saving is done.
5.5.6 Parking (i) All round the vehicle free central precinct will are provided with sufficient parking place. (ii) Parking spaces will be provided near all public building such as central reception office at TET, Bus stand, etc. (iii) Within residential area off street parking will be available.
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5.5.7 Traffic regulation and Pilgrim Guidance: To regulate the traffic and guide pilgrims there shall be Traffic warden volunteers posted at: every LRTS Station Halt Nodal facilities centers All parking areas of battery-operated vehicles in front of specified Buildings
5.6 Overall Urban design treatment and landscaping of North and South precincts: (i) Pedestrianising the inner roads with walkways would give an opportunity of enhancing the greenery by way of avenue tree plantations, greening the interstitial spaces with lawns and flowering shrubs in front of every institute premises. Maintaining the greenery would enhance the quality of environment of Tirumala. Along all the pedestrian Walkways and Peripheral road, avenue plantation shall be undertaken with shade-giving tree canopy for pilgrim comfort. Around each tree, circular bench for rest would be constructed. (ii) Each and every compound housing the various buildings shall be planned with trees at the rate of one tree for every 50 sqm of open area so as to transform Tirumala into a natural, green environment. The Northern Precinct would require appropriate urban design interventions to enhance the monumental quality of the temple
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area and surroundings by way of statues of religious significance, etc.
trees, gardens, fountains,
(iii) Making the main temple premises more tuned to free flow of pilgrims, viz. by having a separate exit gate (at the rear or on the north using the Vaikunat dwaram or the Ramulawari Meda or separate entry and exit point for walkaltors at the Vendivakili point) so that the main entrance gate and mandapam do not get clogged; relocation of the laddu and free prasadam area within the Temple complex towards the rear side; relocating the hundi counting area, kalyanam function and all such similar functions relocated elsewhere, etc. (iv) Creation of a larger temple complex with larger perimeter of walls, keeping the main temple central and core to this larger complex around the main temple which should be very spacious, have large areas for circulation, good landscaping, and based on agama shastras and vaasthu sastras, wherein in future certain activities as well as pilgrim darshan movement could be better reorganized. The whole new and existing complex should be as pleasant and nice ambience (in spite of the large tide and flow of pilgrims) as the Akshardham Complex or the Angkor Vat Complex in Cambodia.
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There are thus 3 basic aspects of improving the physical environment of the temple complex : i) Regulating the ingress and egress to Tirumala hilltop by banning all types of motorized vehicles to Tirumala and instead design and execute a mass transit system like Tramway/LRTS or Guided Bus system right from Tirupati to Tirumala as discussed earlier. This would ease the congestion in Tirupati and ensure in streamlining of pilgrim movement. ii) iii) Regulating the ingress and egress within the main temple complex Re-planning/ redesigning of the pilgrim amenities and facilities at Tirumala
However, in the interim, TTD should regulate the vehicular movement, viz. by (i) Terminating all vehicles at Alipiri (making it a transit hub )From here making it compulsory for all including TTD staff to use the CNG buses (to be operated by TTD-APSTRC jointly). Strictly no private or government vehicles should be allowed on the hilltop. (ii) If (i) is found not logistically or operationally feasible, then making it compulsory that all vehicles going up or down Tirumala be using only CNG. (iii) Terminating all vehicles outside the 100 ft wide Peripheral road (alignment finalized and completed by TTD) and have all transit-oriented facilities on the outer-side of this 100 ft
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wide Peripheral road. Inside the Peripheral road, making it pedestrainized (allowing only battery operated mini
buses/vehicles on specified roads) making it vehicle-free zone. Clearing of all structures (excepting the ancient structures and artifacts and those which are found viable for redevelopment) both private as well public/trusts within 1 km radius of the temple complex and redesigning to accommodate the decentralized and dispersed functions of the main temple including the planning and designing for the annual Brahmavotsams (wherein up to 4 lakh pilgrims congregate per day) with an appropriate urban design elements and upholding agama shastras and vasthu sastras. This should also factor in the main tramway terminal if suggestion at 14 (i) and (ii) are agreed to.
On the additions and extensions of the Temple complex proper, the following is suggested: (i) Construction of a inner periphery wall (Prahigoda)(Square or near square shape) with 4 Gopurams ( not very high or very imposing than the inner temple) at cardinal points at a distance of 300 or 1000 ft. from the centre. (ii) Inside this area could be designed all the mandapas for all rituals and poojas of the Lord, location of the Prasadam counters/ kitchen for making ladoos and prasadams, separtae security arae for kanuka/currency counting and depository, etc.
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(iii) Next Prahihari wall with similar Gopurams at cardinal points may be built at a distance of 3300 ft or about 1 km from the center. This space between the inner and outer wall may be utilised for Brahmaotsavams, housing all cultural activities and buildings including museums, essential quarters of the priests, etc. (iv) No other residential accommodation should be allowed in these two perimeter walls. The 4 Mada Streets would accordingly be shifted further outwards and make them more spacious and wide of atleast 30 meters wide with provisions for gallery viewing by devotees.
5.7 Signages and directional Boards These shall be displayed at prominent locations at 12-15 ft height in 3 Languages (Telugu, Hindi and English) showing directions to Temple and other prominent places in Tirumala and Bus Stands, Battery operated vehicle stands, Nodal Amenities Centers, etc.
5.8 Heritage & Conservation. The original image of the settlement should be strictly maintained include the interrelation of important religious nodes such as Temples, water bodies, and procession area. The area within and around the temple religious procession route should be considered as primary key sensitive area this will include area within the circle of Mada Street and area around including Hall of Thousand pillars, Sri Anjaneya Temple Srivari Koneru etc. The objective should be to
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retain the visual importance and hierarchy of the structures in this sensitive area without permitting further damage by massive new structure of high profile and level. The Temple, Srivari Koneru, and all round the Mada Street are the most important places of heritage. The thousand Pillar Hall, Hatiram Math and the other structures of have their own importance in retaining the image of the town and hence they should be not only protected but the surrounding development should not cause its shadow on them. The low rise residential area all round Mada Street is indirectly enveloping the area all round the temple by providing a visually separation between the new development and old Structures of hereditary importance. Mada Street has its own hereditary importance specially related to the religious processions as part of important rituals. lt is important to note that only during these processions including the Ratha Yatra, Brahmotsavam and the pilgrims and the local population gets an opportunity to make offerings in front of the Utsav Murty of Deity which is otherwise not permitted inside the temple. During such rituals and festivals the Deity comes outside and becomes approachable directly hence these processions have high sentimental values for pilgrims and local residents also, lt is proposed that: (i) Conservation of all such structures should be done with utmost care (ii) The conservation will also take in consideration the control on the surrounding development
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(iii) The Temple is situated in lowest level as compared to the topography of surrounding area hence the new structures to be constructed in future should not make negative visual impact on the temple and the Mada street in any manner reducing its hierarchy.
5.9 Infrastructure Services 5.9.1 Water Supply At present the water supply become scares in summer as the demand goes up because of increase in pilgrim population in the end of may and at the same time the consumption to maintain the green areas also increases, The use of water for purposes other than drinking is to a great extent reduced and controlled by not providing the taps inside the rooms in more than 70% accommodation. This system appears inconvenient to pilgrims but it also helps to a great extent in minimizing the wastage caused due to carelessness of pilgrims. Deciding the ideal conditions of comforts of the users is of high concern but the provisions should also be in accordance and matching to the attitude of the users. Nevertheless the emphasis on water supply will have to be increased in proportion to the pilgrim population and the area of the city but at the same time the overall objective should be to contain the wastage and misuse. The needs are fulfilled but the system of accessibility should be such that the pilgrims will be motivated to use minimum water.
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The need of water supply increase tremendously. The demand can be fulfilled by: (i) Utilising the existing Water bodies for non potable uses. (ii) Increasing the water table with the help of recycling,
(iii) Reusing the water available from sewerage disposal after treatment for gardens and development of urban forests. (iv) Rain water harvesting and (v) Check dams.
The Tirumala Hills has huge potential of rainwater harvesting where by water can be collected on rooftops and stored in underground tanks. The rainwater by natural drainage can be collected in stop dams. The topography of the hills provides potential sites for the collection of rainwater. The rain harvesting and stop dams will not only provide additional water but will also help in maintaining the water table and as well in raising the water table.
5.9.2 Drainage Tirumala is gifted with natural drainage system due to its topography. Till now the natural drainage is retained but not properly exploited for advantages. The existing system is harmonious to the topography and has caused no damage to natural drainage system. ln future development the planners should be extra cautious in maintaining the harmony and exploit the topography and natural drainage. For rain
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water harvesting the topography should be exploited instead of purely depending on existing water bodies. The goal of future development should be as suggested: i) ii) The development should not damage the natural drainage. The future development should be planned cautiously so that available natural drainage will help in reducing the development cost. iii) iv) The recycling of water can be done for meeting the shortages. The natural drainage system should be kept pollution tree.
5.9.3 Sewerage If the pollution is to kept under control it can be done only by sewerage system Well designed sewerage and sewerage disposal system will not only provide a healthy and hygienic environment but will also help in retaining the natural drainage unpolluted, The future development should not leave any part of the settlement unconnected with proper sewer system. The disposal should generate manure and alternate source of energy, The existing system of sewerage in accordance to the topography should be followed in future development also. The decentralized disposal system should be exploited for recycling of water and production of manure required for agriculture and horticulture. This system will also produce gas, which can be used as alternate source of energy.
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5.9.4 Solid Waste TTD has awarded the solid waste disposal and pelletisation project to a private firm through a bid process. This was partially implemented but stopped during operations and abandoned since the project was later perceived to be unviable. This aspect needs to be relooked by TTD and the said project revived albeit in consultation with the AP Pollution Control Board or established private companies who have better experience in such solid waste projects. PPP can be explored in this case. 5.10 Energy Electricity The demand of electricity will increase as the development area increases and the number of users increases. The demand can be minimized in future due to technological advancement in lighting and ventilation. It is proposed that stress should be laid on production of non-conventional energy. Tirumala hills as high potential of wind tunnels for wind mills. At present already windmills are erected in Tirumala but further sites should be identified and exploited for future.
Energy Conservation The conservation of energy can be practiced in two ways; By stress on Solar Passive Architecture. By control of wastage of energy by motivation and as well as by technological control.
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Tirumala climate is most suitable for solar passive architecture. In future development of infrastructure for pilgrims the built form should be designed to get maximum advantage of natural light and ventilation. The landscaping should be used as tool to (a) Increase the energy conservation efficiency of built form and (b) To encourage outdoor living
Solar Passive Architecture The maximum pilgrim accommodation is in form of cottages. In recent past and in present development TTD has laid stress of huge choultries three storied for lodging. On one hand these structures have ruined the proportion of built volume to the volume of green and at the same time has no consideration solar passive built form. The cottages within the heavy green plantation are most suitable, comfortable and harmonious to the townscape. It is proposed that to increase the density in future dwelling units should be built with part basement, ground + One floor structure. Such cottages within the heavy green plantation will be less dependent on artificial ventilation and will not have visual pollution designs of all structure should be with proper orientation and solar passive.
Control of wastage of energy Electronic and electric devices to control the wastage of electrical energy by pilgrims can be used at all places. These include automatic switching off system when the lodging rooms are locked from outside.
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Non Conventional Energy The windmills installed for production of non-conventional electrical energy should be further increased in number. New strategic location should be surveyed and exploited irrespective of initial cost.lt is observed that water heating consumes considerable electrical energy. The heating system for pilgrims common bathing places should be done by solar energy the big kitchen can also reduce the consumption of electrical energy by depending on solar energy.
The hills have great potential of wind energy, which should be further exploited by identifying the new sites for installation of windmills. The use of solar energy should be used for water heating in pilgrims tonsuring and bathing places, in choultries, guest houses and Kitchen
5.11 Green Buildings and Green Township It is suggested that all buildings in Tirumala be retrofitted and refurbished into energy efficient buildings. This will lead to a tremendous saving of energy and also help in sustainable development. Pilot projects can be taken up and then scaled up. Finally effort should be made to transform the whole of Tirumala into a green township.
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5.12 Health & Sanitation Sanitation should be maintained and all precautions should be taken to prevent spread of any contagious diseases. The emergency services should be kept in order to meet any disaster or accident
The hospital facilities should be such that it should be able to meet any accident and large-scale first aid facilities in case of disaster.lt should be equipped to provide interim emergency treatment of any nature to pilgrims and as well as to the local residents. The treatment facilities may be kept limited to seasonal illness and short term treatment. Specialized treatments, surgery etc, should not be provided on hills which may result in attraction of referred cases from outside. Such facilities should be limited for local resident population and further facilities should be provided in Tirupati. Overall improvement in the infrastructure systems will also ensure proper health and sanitation conditions in Tirumala.
5.13 Education The policy of basic policy of limiting the local resident population can be only sustained by providing the education facilities limited to sustainable level of the local residents. Hence sufficient facilities accommodating children of local population up to level of secondary education should be provided .The higher collegiate level education will not be sustainable by the local population and may attract the
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residents from other areas of the region. Hence residential schools and higher education should not be permitted.
5.14 Landscape & Urban Forestry With the status of Tirumala as a transit point, the need for future construction of guest houses and additional accommodations should be curbed. As a result many areas would become available for open space and greenery and landscaping development. The future development of Tirumala should be greenery oriented. ln this proposed Master plan, care is taken to maintain the existing density of the green mass and also provided new green open spaces in proportion to the proposed area for development, The central zone around the temple is identified as critical area for of immediate action for improvement of greenery, which is almost without any trees. Apart from the above, an area of about 10 acres adjoining the STP on the north-east is identified for flower garden catering to the daily requirement of huge quantity of flowers for the temple complex and rituals. This should be developed and maintained by TTD taking the help of the state Horticulture Department, and grey water from the disposal sites be used by recycling.
Plantation for comfort of pilgrims stay and out door activities. The comforts pilgrims stay depends mostly on the greenery and intelligent use of urban forestry. Following aspects should be considered while preparing detail zonal plan for the future
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development, The movement of pedestrian pilgrims between residence to temple area continues all Twenty-Four hours without break, Pilgrims also spend the leisure time to relieve themselves from the tiredness in passive and active outdoor recreation under the shady trees and enjoying the scenic beauty of natural forest allaround, The tree shelters in open parks are natural relief segregated from the heavy rush of the central area. The tree plantation all around the residential cottages/ accommodation provides effective natural airconditioning eliminating the need of coolers and air conditioners Haritha Project The Haritha Project was launched by TTD to conserve ground water resources and the forests on the Tirumala Hills. Developmental activities are being taken up on a massive scale under this project by the TTD Forest Department, based on the satellite image of the areas provided by the State Forest Department. Objectives To conserve rain water and improve the ground water level To plant about 1 crore saplings To green 29,500 acres of forest area, belonging to TTD and the State government, within 3 years To protect the forests from fire To develop the areas adjoining the important tirthas.
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Conservation of Water TTD has constructed several cement checkdams, contour trenches, masonry embankments and percolation tanks to prevent the rain water from draining off the Seshachala Hills.Eighty kilometre long peripheral trenches have been dug from Rangampeta to Kodur. Besides, 89 checkdams, 136 Gabrion checkdams, 3884 rock fill dams have been built. Check dams have also been constructed on the first and second ghat roads from Tirupati to Tirumala to prevent the draining of water and the erosion of soil.These sustained efforts have contributed in a substantial improvement in the ground water level. A report given by the Department of Groundwater mentions an increase of 3.155 million cubic metres and 6.59 million cubic metres of recharge in groundwater in the years 2000 and 2001 respectively. Planting of Seedlings Over 65 lakh seedlings such as those of Red Sanders, Margosa, Teak, Sampangi, Tamarind, Gooseberry and Blackberry have been planted under the Haritha project. Over 40 tons of seeds of Margosa, Tamarind and Blackberry have also been planted. Protection from Forest Fires To protect the forests on the hills from fires, 130 kilometre-long fire lines have been constructed, besides 60 kilometre-long fire walls. A
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special squad carrying walkie talkies has been appointed to report forest fires, facilitating immediate action Development of areas adjoining the Holy Tirthas One of the main objectives of the Haritha Project is the development of areas around the important tirthas on the Tirumala Hills. 20,000 saplings have been planted in the premises of S.V. Ruia Hospital, BIRRD, SVIMS and the Ayurveda Hospital. Avenue plantation has been carried out on the Tirupati - Renigunta road and Tirupati - Tiruchanoor road, covering a distance of 15 kilometres. 5.15 Climatic amelioration/Climate Change The trees will balance the excessive heat generated by: a) Floating Population, b) Vehicle Movements, c) Solar radiation. Deciduous trees will provide summer shades and deciduous vines act as passive solar collector walls preventing excessive heat in summer in winter the loss of their leaves will results in pleasant warming effect of increased solar radiation. At nights tree canopies will slow down the loss of heat from city surface providing a screen between the cooler night air and warm surface material. Also it suggested that the regional development plan for
Tirumala/Tirupati include a Climate Change Mitigation Strategy.

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5.16 Water-recycling and rain water conservation In view of the large number pilgrims and floating population, there is water scarcity in Tirumala which becomes acute in the summer months when the pilgrim rush is at peak. Tirumala does not have reliable sources on its own and has to depend upon Papanasanam and Kalyani Reservoirs. To augment the water supply, teher is every need for conserving water and recycling grey water which if planned and executed effectively could result in at least 50% water augmentation. For this water harvesting structures within Tirumala Complex need to be identified. As being done in other parts of the State, Rain water harvesting pits at the rate of one for every 50 s m site area need to be constructed for built up areas and these properly connected to sump and pumped and used for non-drinking purposes. Apart from these check dams and ponds need to be identified and constructed so as to intercept and harvest every drop of water run-off through rains or otherwise. Natural check barriers and pits need to be constructed along all natural drains to harvest water and use for landscape and trees/shrubs watering purposes. No water shall be let out of Tirumala. The sewage treatment plant treated water should be similarly recycled for public toilets flushing and landscape and trees/shrubs watering purposes. For the above conservation purposes, a separate Cell would be required to be constituted with outside expertise taken on contract basis so as to sustain and maintain the above measures.
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5.17 Disaster Management Plan It may be said that it is really Gods grace that in spite of such heavy rush especially during the festivals, no major disaster or accident has taken place. There have been accidents especially on the Ghat Roads but the percentage is very low. The day by day increase in the rush may lead to accidents. The present hospital has some arrangements to meet the emergencies. it is proposed that the management should have special arrangements of fire fighting inside and outside the temple. The ambulance and well-trained
medical/para medical staff should be available all 24 hrs to meet any emergency. The TTD staff responsible to regulate and control the pilgrims should be well trained to take preventive actions and to contain the damage due to disasters. It is suggested that a full fledged Disaster Management Plan be prepared for Tirumala keeping in view the whole Tirupati region.
5.18 Monitoring and Regulation Basing on the various proposals given and suggested pilgrim travel movement structure, there would be necessity for integrating the same with the darshan facilities and procedure and accounting for/numbering these so as to have an idea of number of pilgrims having darshan at a given point of time. Every pilgrim coming to Tirumala need to be numbered and accounted for. For watch and ward staff/personnel a similar system of numbering for stay and
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darshan could be worked out. This would be helpful in regulating the transportation requirements, accommodation requirements and
spacing the lots of pilgrims and meeting their internal transit through LRTS (on a need based requirement apart from the stated frequencies of trains) It is suggested that a state of the art numbering, queuing, and accreditation, monitoring and security system be developed to ensure that no unpleasant situation arises due to any man made or natural mishaps. The system should be people friendly and conformable for all users and should add value to the scared & bliss-full experience for the pilgrim Transportation Facilities Enhancement A full-fledged Monitoring and Evaluation System(M&E) be created through a special committee of internal staff and external experts to ensure quality standards. Achieving world class standards and certification like ISO may be explored seriously
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CHAPTER 6
OF
6.1
PROJECTISATION MASTER PLAN
SRI
Implementation
VARI
PROPOSALS
The earlier chapters have identified key issues in planning for Tirumala and have also highlighted the need for preparation of a long term Master Plan for Tirumala. However, for translating the Master Plan proposals into
implementable actions, this chapter translates the same into projects so as to ensure tangible actions and results. The proposals range from physical changes, improvements,
beautification, infrastructure improvement, aesthetic improvement to improvement in the overall pilgrim management. It is also underlined that all proposals should be as per the Agama Shastra and Vaastu Shatra.
6.2
Summary of Projects
A total of 38 projects (59 tasks) have been proposed and each project is described briefly with broad estimated/projected costs. The TTD needs to be ensure that each project is worked out in detail as per the requirements of Tirumala and tendered out accordingly.
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This
document
is
aimed
at
facilitating
the
projectised
implementation of a series of measures within the broad framework of an integrated master plan thus enabling overall improvement of the Tirumala. The objectives once achieved will also assist in moving towards a sustainable Tirumala. Projects at a glance Project Numbers: Task Numbers: Total number of projects estimated cost 6.6.1 to 6.6.38 1 to 59
Time period of implementation: 18 years (2012-2030) : : 36 projects (58 tasks) Total Rs 6000 Crores
The proposals are categorized into four major components namely: 1. 2. 3. 4. Infrastructure facilities enhancement: Transportation Facilities Enhancement Quality of space enhancement Pilgrim Movement and Darshan Management (PMDM) improvement
A detailed list with brief description and guiding principles are given below in this chapter. TTD needs to comprehensively review these proposals and integrated them into one single Master Plan Implementation initiative. All projects need to implement in the following two steps:
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6.3
Way Forward
The following steps are suggested for TTD to go forward. (i) Appoint a Planning and Coordination team consisting of Town Planners, Architects, Engineers, Urban Designer, Conservation Specialists. (ii) Detailed Project Reports for each item. (iii) (iv) Calling for tenders and getting these projects executed. Monitoring and Evaluation Team
(v) All projects would need to the thoroughly evaluated from the environment point of view and would be subject to requisite environment clearance. (vi) TTD can evaluate and decide on consolidating various
related projects/tasks into a packages for which detailed TORs would need to be developed.
6.4
Phasing: TTD would need to prioritize all projects as per its needs and financial considerations
6.5
Institutional Mechanism (i) Create a Master Plan Implementation Unit with (ii) Consisting of a Town Planning Cell which will report to the TTD CEO
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6.6
Summary of Projects
Infrastructure facilities enhancement

6.6.1 Task No. 1: Enhancing the power requirements for Tirumala and Tirupati through durable, renewable and non-polluting resources-Use of wind energy.
Objective Harnessing wind energy resources generating at-least 20 MW power through installation of two innovative windmills of 10 MW each.
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Background This innovation can harness environmental friendly energy which is otherwise going waste. It can also benefit by way of carbon credits as well. Wind energy is a free, renewable resource, clean, nonpolluting, electricity source. Every year, wind produces only a small amount of the electricity this country uses, but the amount is growing every year. One reason wind farms dont produce more electricity is that they can only run when the wind is blowing at certain speed. In most places with wind farms, the wind is only optimum for producing electricity about three-fourths of the time. Need for new renewable energy sources which can produce maximum output, so that conventional energy resources can be protected. This may be taken up as a pilot project by TTD with two windmills of 10 MW each installed at Kakulakonda and if found successful and durable, go in for further modular expansion to meet the power requirements in other areas as well. If found feasible then it is suggested that use of wind generated energy be explored for proposed LRTS/Guided Bus System and also supplying in part for Tirupati and Renigunta towns.
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Proposal Innovative Wind Mill 1. Very simple, easy to erect, simple to dismantle. 2. This New innovative wind mill can be set up in continuous rows with each row covering entire breadth of the wind farm and subsequent rows of higher height as compared to previous row, where as present wind mills need huge space in all direction between two wind mills. 3. This new innovative small wind mill would have exposure of only 30m x 30 m and can generate 63 MW of power. 4. This new innovative wind mill can be shifted easily to other wind farm where wind is available in rotations like May to September in one wind farm and from Nov to March in other wind farm. 5. This new innovative wind mill can generate more energy/year as compared to present wind mills since it can be shifted to
places according to its wind situations. 6. This new innovative wind mill can expose huge surfaces to wind, in length, breadth as well as in height, which is not possible by present technology of Fan type wind mill (which can generate maximum of 5 MW of energy that too at 400 ft height. 7. The present fan type wind mills cost appx. Rs. 6.5 crores to Rs. 7 crores per MW whereas this new innovative wind mill technology costs much lower.
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No foundations are required for new wind mill as only floor of the size of wind mill is required for easy maneuverability. No automatic controls are required as everything is ground based and everything can be controlled from ground only. There is no limitation in sizes as huge blades can be exposed to utilize all available wind energy as available in any wind farm up to height which is possible humanly. The other feature which are far superior to present wind mills are concerning the utilization of wind energy available in any wind farm with respect to utilization of total wind energy available in entire length, breadth, and height up to which the blades can be exposed. This innovation technology can erect all blades neck to neck in total breadth of wind farm with each subsequent row at more height than previous row to utilize all the wind energy available in any wind farm subject to the limitations of engineering capabilities available at present with respect to the height up to which we can extract energy. To begin with, under this patented technology, only the windmill will be installed. No cabling or generator set or any other attachments will be installed with the shaft i.e. only rotors with structure to support the shaft for
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attachment along with floor, rail with wheels to rotate the wind mill as per wind direction. The structure, blades, shaft, floor with rails and wheels will cost Rs 37 lakh to begin with. The other items can be attached once this shows satisfactory results. The wind speed required for present wind mills is about 40km /hour but our system will work even with 30-35 km /hour wind speed.
Area requirements The plot size required will be 20 ft x 20 ft for 20 ft wind mill and 100 ft x100ft for 100 ft high wind mill. Total Area required is 20 acres. Approximate cost The cost of present wind mills cost around Rs 6.5 cr to Rs 7 cr per MW but the proposed system will cost around Rs 5.5 cr to Rs 6 cr per MW
Estimated time for completion: 3 months
6.6.2 Task No. 2: Enhancing the power requirements for Tirumala and Tirupati through durable, renewable and non-polluting resources-Use of Solar energy.
Objective
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Harnessing solar energy resources generating at-least 10 MW power through installation of solar farm.
Background This innovation can harness environmental friendly energy which is otherwise going waste. It can also benefit by way of carbon credits as well. Solar energy is a completely renewable resource. This means that even when we cannot make use of the suns power because of nighttime or cloudy and stormy days, we can always rely on the sun showing up the very next day as a constant and consistent power source. Solar cells make absolutely no noise at all. Solar energy creates absolutely no pollution. This is perhaps the most important advantage that makes solar energy so much more practical. Very little maintenance is required to keep solar cells running. There are no moving parts in a solar cell, which makes it impossible to really hurt them. Solar cells tend to last a good long time with only an annual cleaning to worry about. Solar panels and solar lighting may seem quite expensive when you first purchase it, but in the long run you will find yourself saving quite a great deal of money.
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Solar powered panels and products are typically extremely easy to install. Wires, cords and power sources are not needed at all, making this an easy prospect to employ. Solar power technology is improving consistently over time, as people begin to understand all of the benefits offered by this incredible technology. As our oil reserves decline, it is important for us to turn to alternative sources for energy. Over the last few years solar power is also getting affordable.
Proposal Installation of a Solar Farm on the hill side of Tirumala of near the foothills with least damage to the natural forests. Area requirements: Around 50 acres. (Approximately 5 acres per MW) Approximate cost: It is estimated that this will cost around Rs 50 Crores. Estimated time for completion: 6 months
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6.6.3 Task No. 3: Development of a Comprehensive Water Supply System for Tirumala
Objective: To improve and upgrade the existing system and develop a new system of water treatment and supply for Tirumala keeping in view the current and future situation.
Proposal With the increase in the number of pilgrims there will be an increased pressure on the water supply system.
It is suggested that the total water supply system be revamped keeping in view the current requirements and planned for two alternatives. Stage 1 work would involve preparation of DPR which would include detailed analysis of existing system, integration with future scenarios as per projections, proposing new systems and quality control and management systems for the future. Stage 2 work would involve implementation as per approved DPR
Scenario 1: Continue with existing system in which the pilgrims continue to increase. Total resident population on hill top remains constant
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Scenario 2: Plan for a decentralised management system in which there is a slight reduction in resident population of around 50%. Number of floating pilgrims increase steadily over the years.
Please refer development projections section of proposal for details. Area requirements: Around 5 acres for various utilities and facilities.
Approximate cost: It is estimated that this will cost around Rs 100 Crores for scenario 1 and Rs 25 Crores for Scenario 2
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6.6.4 Task No. 4: Development of a Comprehensive Sewerage System for Tirumala
Objective: To improve and upgrade the existing system and develop a new system including treatment for Tirumala keeping in view the current and future situation.
Proposal With the increase in the number of pilgrims there will be an increased pressure on the sewerage system.
It is suggested that the total sewerage system be revamped keeping in view the current requirements and planned for two alternatives. Stage 1 work would involve preparation of DPR which would include detailed analysis of existing system, integration with future scenarios as per projections, proposing new systems and quality control and management systems for the future. Stage 2 work would involve implementation as per approved DPR
Scenario 1: Continue with existing system in which the pilgrims continue to increase. Total resident population on hill top remains constant
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Scenario 2: Plan for a decentralised management system in which there is a slight reduction in resident population of around 50%. Number of floating pilgrims would increase steadily over the years.
Please refer development projections section of proposal for details. Area requirements: Around 5 acres for various utilities and facilities.
Approximate cost: It is estimated that this will cost around Rs 100 Crores for scenario 1 and Rs 25 Crores for Scenario 2
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6.6.5 Task No. 5: Development of a Comprehensive Solid Waste Management System for Tirumala
Objective: To improve and upgrade the existing system and develop a new system including treatment for Tirumala keeping in view the current and future situation. Proposal With the increase in the number of pilgrims there will be an increased pressure for managing the solid waste generated. It is suggested that the total solid waste management system be revamped keeping in view the current requirements and planned for two alternatives. Stage 1 work would involve preparation of DPR which would include detailed analysis of existing system, integration with future scenarios as per projections, proposing new systems and quality control and management systems for the future. Stage 2 work would involve implementation as per approved DPR Scenario 1: Continue with existing system in which the pilgrims continue to increase. Total resident population on hill top remains constant. Scenario 2: Plan for a decentralised management system in which there is a slight reduction in resident population of around
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50%. Number of floating pilgrims would increase steadily over the years. Please refer development projections section of proposal for details. Area requirements: Around 5 acres for various utilities and facilities. Approximate cost: It is estimated that this will cost around Rs 25 Crores for scenario 1 and Rs 5 Crores for Scenario 2 Estimated time for completion: 3 months
6.6.6 Task No. 6: Development of a Comprehensive Storm Water Management System for Tirumala
Objective: To improve and upgrade the existing system and develop a new system including treatment for Tirumala keeping in view the current and future situation. Proposal Although storm water is not a major current problem it is proposed that this aspects be reviewed comprehensively and importantly the focusing on rain water harvesting and recycling. It is suggested that the total storm water management system be revamped keeping in view the current requirements and
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planned for two alternatives with special emphasis on rain water harvesting and recycling. Stage 1 work would involve preparation of DPR which would include detailed analysis of existing system, integration with future scenarios as per projections, proposing new systems and quality control and management systems for the future. Stage 2 work would involve implementation as per approved DPR Scenario 1: Continue with existing system in which the pilgrims continue to increase. Total resident population on hill top remains constant Scenario 2: Plan for a decentralised management system in which there is a slight reduction in resident population of around 50%. Number of floating pilgrims would increase steadily over the years. Please refer development projections section of proposal for details. Area requirements: Around 5 acres for various utilities and facilities, rain water pits, sumps, recycling ponds etc. Approximate cost: It is estimated that this will cost around Rs 5 Crores. Estimated time for completion: 3 months
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Transportation Facilities Enhancement

6.6.7 Development of Public Transport System LRT/BRT from Tirupati Town to Tirumala It is suggested that a series of measures be undertaken to ensure efficient and effective mass transit systems keeping in view the current and future needs of the pilgrims at Tirumala. External Connectivity Two major routes are suggested for road as well as rail based approach to Tirumala (i) The LRTS/Guided Bus System should be extended from Srinivas Mangapuram till Alimellu Mangapuram at Tirchanur through a straight alignment through outskirts of Tirupati along the existing main road (new highway). (ii) From Tiruchanur, the LRTS/Guided Bus System should be extended to Alipiri via main Tirupati city i.e., south point of Tirupati Railway station in Tirupati.
For implementation, operation and maintenance of the above LRTS /Guided Bus Transit System Project, a separate SPV would be required to be constituted with TTD, APSRTC and the LRTS/Guided bus operator as equal partners.
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The whole project may be divided into Phase I and Phase II. 6.6.7.1 Task No. 7: Light Rail Transit System / Guided Bus Transit System: 6.6.7.2 Task No. 8: Station and Terminal Development
These shall consist of narrow-guage (similar to one in operation in Ooty) along 2 routes (alternatively a guided bus transit system) , viz., Srinivasa Mangapuram to Tirumala Route (via Sri vari Mettu ) and Renigunta Tirumala route (via Dhodlamitta and valley to Papanasanam road) The LRTS RoW shall be 9 m (30 ft.) for enabling the 2 tracks in, one in each direction, with station halts spaced at 300 meters apart. The coaches shall be semi-open type to facilitate quick ingress and egress with ample luggage storage etc. In case of guided bus transit system, it shall be special buses with mainly standing type with a capacity of 300 per bus. Operational speed 40-50 km per hour and frequency of 5 mnts at peak hours and 15 minutes at non-peak hours. The light rail train/Guided Bus system should be one welldesigned and managed circulation circuit. This would do a whole lot of good to the main town of Tirupati and its economy too (by way of contribution of share of revenue to the civic body and TUDA by TTD since it impacts this town.
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Even the initial capital cost is heavy it is still worth it and justifies the volumes of passengers ridership. Area requirements: Alignment Length: Total 64 kms Phase I: 35 kms o Route 1 : Renigunta Line: Dodhlamitta Jn to Torumala hll top through forest area as per viable alignment: 23 Kms o Route 2 : Srinivas Mangapuram Line: Tirumala to Srinivasa mangapuram along Srivari Mettu side upto Srinivasa mangapuram Jn: 12 Kms Phase II: 29 kms o Extension of Route 2: Srinivas Mangapuram Jn to Alivelu Mangapuram/Trichanur: 14 kms o Route 3 : Dodhlamitta Chandragiri Bypass road along Tirupati Rly Stn south side: 15 Kms
Stations within Tirumala: Total area: 20000 sqmtrs (5 Acres) 10 in nos: Area per station required is 2000 sq mtrs per station: Stations within Tirupati: 10 in nos: Area per station required is 2000 sq mtrs per station:
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Terminals/Depots/maintenance centres: Total 50 Acres 5 Acres in Tirumala Hilltop Side 20 Acres in Renigunta Side 20 Acres in Srinivas Mangapuram side
Approximate cost: LRT: 6500 Crores Phase I Alignment (main connectivity between Tirupati and Tirumala): 35 kms: 3500 crores Phase I Station and Terminal Development: 10 nos, Estimated Cost: Rs 50 Crores. Phase II(Extension and Integration with rest of Tirupati City): 29 kms: 2900 crores Phase II Station and Terminal Development: 10 nos, Estimated Cost: Rs 50 Crores. BRT: 3250 Crores Phase I Alignment (main connectivity between Tirupati and Tirumala): 35 kms: 1750 crores Phase I Station and Terminal Development: 10 nos, Estimated Cost: Rs 25 Crores.
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Phase II(Extension and Integration with rest of Tirupati City): 29 kms: 1450 crores Phase II Station and Terminal Development: 10 nos, Estimated Cost: Rs 25 Crores. Estimated time for completion: 36 months
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6.6.8 Improving the overall connectivity to Tirumala. 6.6.8.1 Task No. 9: Development and Improvement of Srivari Mettu 6.6.8.2 Task No. 10: Development of road connectivity between Tirupati and Tirumala 6.6.8.3 Task No. 11: Development of road connectivity in within Tirupati Town 6.6.8.4 Task No. 12: Development of road connectivity in the Tirupati Region.
Approximate cost: Estimated time for completion: 36 months
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6.4.1.1
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6.6.9 Development of internal roads (Arterial and Sub arterial) for Tirumala Objective To ensure seamless circulation of traffic and pilgrims Internal transportation Vehicular traffic movement should not be allowed within/inside the entire Peripheral road except along the identified east-West Arterial road connecting Balajinagar, Garuda Circle, Lepakshi Museum, Coffee Board Canteen, SNC and Sanku Mita Road. Inside the peripheral road i.e., in North and South Zone Precincts, movement will be restricted through the following means: (a) Pollution free public transport buses will run in clockwise
and anti clock wise direction continuously touching all important places and areas along the peripheral road. (b) Battery-operated 8-seater vehicles which would be
available at specified points including the 10 Nodal Amenities complex (c) Pedestrian Walkways: Wide footpaths are proposed on
one side of the roads/streets to cater to the large number of walkers. The smaller footpath on the other side is proposed as a infrastructure corridor and to provide buffer to the building.
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6.6.9.1 Task No. 13: 100 ft wide peripheral Ring road at Tirumala This peripheral Ring road is suggested to contain the vehicular traffic movement within Tirumala for the purpose of safety, traffic control, pilgrim movement control and above-all
enhancing the environment at Tirumala. The alignment is shorter, consisting of strengthening the existing roads and construction of only about 2.4 km of new formation. This peripheral road is suggested to contain the vehicular traffic movement within Tirumala for the purpose of safety, traffic control, pilgrim movement control and above-all enhancing the environment at Tirumala. Total length: 4.48 km. Existing roads strengthening: 2.48 km. Proposed new links: 2.4 km.
The alignment suggested is as follows: (Clock-wise direction) Point-A: Starting from Point (A) along the Tirupati-Tirumala main road which is about 500 meters before the main Toll Gate Arch. Takes left new formation till Sannidhanam Guest House Complex to join the outer-most semi-circular road of
Garudadadri Nagar.Then alignment follows the semi-circular road till HVDC Enquiry Building-then goes parallel to 2nd semicircular road (this is a new formation) till point before junction of 2nd semi-circular road.
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From here it follows existing Annamayya Bhavan
road and
goes towards Ashwini Hospital Junction. From Ashiwini Hospital Junction it goes left along existing road via Vishnu Nilayam and Sri Lakshmi Nilayam. Here after Sri Lakshmi Nilayam, the alignment is slightly smoothened and goes by side of Sriniketan and side of Balaji Guest House to intercept the Sanku Mitta Road and goes along existing road going to
Anand Alwar Tank Junction and from there all-along the existing road via Q-Complex, S V Museum, Sringeri Shankar Math, Mysore Choultry, Khasi math, Vijaya Bank, Officers Quarters A type, Varahaswamy Guest House II till
Papanasanam Road Junction. -From Papanasanam Road Junction new alignment is proposed via South of GG Dham Treatment Plant and theh takinga south direction curve and passing outside Type B and Type D Quarters to join existing road near S V High School at Point E. -From Point E again a new alignment passing in between Police Quarters and Balaji Nagar and then going east of Kausthambam Guest House and again straight down adjoining F Type Quarters till Point G. From Point G the alignment goes along the foothills towards west to meet the point adjoining APSRTC Tirumala Bus depot and then straight down to meet near Petrol Pump and then to Toll Gate Circle and the existing Tirupati-Tirumala Road and to the starting Point A(before the Ghat road).
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Peripheral Road: Consisting of 2 lanes divided carriage way on either side, pedestrian walkways of 9 ft on either end sides, 8 ft. green strip between pedestrian walkway and parking lanes, Parking lanes (kerbside parking) of 9 ft. on either side.
Approximate cost: It is estimated that this will cost around Rs 5 Crore.
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6.6.9.2 Task No. 14: 80 ft wide Main Arterial Road at Tirumala
6.6.9.3 Task No. 15: 60 ft wide main roads at Tirumala With 30 ft. pedestrian way and space for a 2-lane battery operated vehicle and a 7 feet greenery in between the pedestrian walkway and the Battery operated vehicle lanes.
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6.6.9.4 Task No. 16: Local roads 1: 40 ft. wide roads
Objective Vehicular movement within Tirumala may be regulated by restriction of movement, viz. Terminating all vehicles outside the 100 ft wide Peripheral Ring road and have all transit-
oriented facilities on the outer-side of this 100 ft wide Peripheral ring road. Inside the Peripheral only ring road, making it
pedestrainized
(allowing
battery
operated
mini
buses/vehicles on specified roads) making it vehicle-free zone. Proposal Vehicular traffic movement will not be allowed within/inside the entire Peripheral ring road except along the identified east-West Arterial road connecting Balajinagar, Garuda Circle, Lepakshi Museum, Coffee Board Canteen, SNC and Sanku Mita Road. Inside the peripheral ring road i.e., in North and South Zone Precincts, movement will be restricted through the following means: Pedestrian Walkways The 2 LRTS Routes Battery-operated 8-seater vehicles which would be available at specified points including the 10 Nodal Amenities complex
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6.6.9.5 Task No. 17: Local roads 2: 30 ft. wide roads With a 15 ft. Pedestrian walkway and 15 ft Battery operated lanes
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6.6.9.6 Task No. 18: Internal Streets 20 ft. wide streets With a 10 ft. Pedestrian walkway and 10 ft Battery operated lanes
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Area requirements: Approximate cost: Estimated time for completion: 36 months
6.6.10 Development of pedestrian facilities at Tirumala 6.6.10.1 Task No. 19: Pedestrian Paths
Area all round the temple, Commercial retail shopping near Kalyan Katta is made vehicle free. Pilgrims will be able to reach temple and the central commercial area on foot from any point within the inner circle. Each and every corner of the town will be within walkable distance from Public Transport System.
6.6.10.2 6.6.10.3
Task No. 20: Pedestrian Plaza at TET Task No. 21: Walkalators
Area requirements: Approximate cost: Estimated time for completion: 12 months
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6.6.11 Development of parking facilities at Tirumala 6.6.11.1 Task No. 22: Onstreet Parking
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6.6.12 Task No. 23: Off-street Parking/Parking Lots (i) All round the vehicle free central precinct will are provided with sufficient parking place. (ii) Parking spaces will be provided near all public buildings (iii) Central Parking Tirumala Entry Terminal (TET)-dovetailed with TET project. (iv) Within residential area off street parking will be available in small lots. Area requirements: Approximate cost: Estimated time for completion: months
6.6.13 Task No. 24: Design and Development of street furniture Tirumala. Area requirements: Approximate cost: Estimated time for completion: 6 months
6.6.14 Task No. 25: Development of Eco friendly Transportation for Tirumala Stage 1 work would involve preparation of DPR which would include detailed analysis of existing system, integration with future scenarios as per projections, proposing new systems and quality control and management systems for the future.
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Stage 2 work would involve implementation as per approved DPR
Quality of space enhancement

6.6.15 Task No. 26: Overall Urban Design and Aesthetics Improvement. Including barrier free design proposals to be integrated into the development planning and implementation Creation and Treatment of public spaces, Building facades, Interconnectivity between buildings, visitor experience, reuse and redevelopment of existing buildings, creation of open spaces from the existing built up fabric of Tirumala. Approximate cost:
6.6.16 Task No. 27: Heritage and Building Conservation Conservation of heritage buildings and precincts .Conservation of art and culture Approximate cost:
6.6.17 Landscape enhancement of Tirumala 6.6.17.1 6.6.17.2 6.6.17.3 Task No. 28: Zone 1 within Wall 1: 150 mtrs Task No. 29: Zone 2 within Wall 2: 250 mtrs Task No. 30: Other Areas
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6.6.18 Task No. 31: Concept plan and technical report on options for reuse of buildings at Tirumala
6.6.19 Task
No.
32:
Heritage
Conservation
and
Building
preservation
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6.6.20 Task No. 33: Heritage Museum and Gallery at Tirumala. (Expansion of existing facility)
6.6.21 Task No. 34: Arts & Cultural University at Tirumala. (Expansion of existing facility)
6.6.22 Task No. 35: Forest Conservation in Tirumala Hills
6.6.23 Task No. 36: Climate Change and Mitigation Study for Tirumala Tirupati Region
6.6.24 Task No. 37: Biodiversity Study of Tirumala Tirupati Region
6.6.25 Task No. 38: Biodiversity Study of Tirumala Tirupati Region
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Pilgrim Movement Darshan Management Improvement

6.6.26 Development of Central Facilitation Areas (CFCs) 6.6.26.1 Task No. 39: Tirupati City Central Facilitation Centre (CFC) at Srinivasa Mangapuram. 6.6.26.2 Task No. 40: Alipiri City Central Facilitation Centre (CFC) at: Alipiri 6.6.26.3 Task No. 41: Renigunta Town Central Facilitation Centre at Dhodlamitta Jn All these three locations and centres would be interlinked good circulation network. Each CFC will be spread over an approximate area of around 10 acres with ample parking and circulation areas, amenities, administration offices, circulation lounge for pilgrims ready to alight the transportation to Tirumala and also those retuning back from the hilltop. All these three locations and centres would be interlinked good circulation network. These three CFCs shall have planned townships catering to about 15,000 pilgrims per day. All these 6 townships shall be planned and developed with modern layout planning with all facilities and stay and entertainment and of course a central seva center. All the three central seva centers and the main one at Tirumala hill top would be interlinked by LAN Computer network. Each and every pilgrim would have to register in any one of the above 6 centers to get accreditation number and queue number.
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The total area requirement per CFC Complex is estimated to be around 40 acres. Therefore a total of 600 acres need to be identified spread across these six locations. The calculation is done for buildings of Stilt +9 floors with 30% ground coverage with the rest of the area left for parks, parking, play grounds/recreation, public facilities and amenities, cultural centres etc.
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6.6.27 Task No. 42: Development of Base Residential Camps (BRCs) To be integrated at three locations along with CFC at 3 locations
Three locations for base camps are suggested: 1. 2. 3. Basecamp Cum CFC 1: Srinivasa Mangapuram Basecamp Cum CFC 2: Alipiri Basecamp Cum CFC 3: Dhodla mitta
At 3 locations these CFCs shall have base camps developed in the form of planned townships catering to about 20,000 pilgrims per day each thus taking care of around 60,000 pilgrims per day in total. All these 3 townships shall be planned and developed with modern layout planning with all facilities and stay and entertainment and of course a central seva center.
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All the 3 Central Facilitation Centres (Seva Centers) and the main one at Tirumala hill top would be interlinked by LAN Computer network. Each and every pilgrim would have to register in any one of the above three centers to get accreditation number and queue number. The total area requirement per CFC is estimated to be around 50 acres. Therefore a total of 600 acres need to be identified spread across these three locations. The calculation is done for buildings of Stilt +9 floors with 30% ground coverage with the rest of the area left for parks, parking, play grounds/recreation, public facilities and amenities, cultural centres etc.
6.6.28 Development of Integrated Tirumala Entry Terminal (TET) Complex It is suggested that TTD consider and Integrated Tirumala Entry Terminal (TET) at the main entry/exit. This TET would function as a full fledged arrival and departure lounge and should be able to efficiently accommodate and manage the movement of around 5000 per sons per hour per day. This would mean that at a given period around 10,000 pilgrims total would be transiting through this terminal per hour. It is estimated that around that the total complex would require around 40 acres and would accommodate the following components:
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TET Complex components vii) TET Block: Main terminal, CFC for direct pilgrims, Admn Office, Amenities Centre, CCLC: 5 acre viii) ix) x) Parking Area: 10 acres BRT/LRT Stand terminal: 5 Acres Public Plaza with fountains, trees, resting areas and
recreational space for pilgrims to relax before and after the pilgrimage: 10 acres xi) xii) Arts and Cultural University: 5 Acres Heritage Museum and Interpretation Centre: 5 Acres
40 acres of land needs to be demarcated for this purpose which would include the transit areas, security, ancillary activities and management offices. This would include a large central plaza, open congregation space of around 10 acres which would be integrated with parks, cultural centre, dissemination centres etc. The pilgrims would be able to spend time in these areas in comfort and the space planning would ensure that there is no congestion or risk of disaster.
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6.6.28.1 Task No. 43: TET Block: Main terminal, CFC for direct pilgrims, Admn Office, Amenities Centre, CCLC: 5 acre 6.6.28.2 Task No. 44: Parking Area: 10 acres 6.6.28.3 Task No. 45: BRT/LRT Stand terminal: 5 Acres 6.6.28.4 Task No. 46: Public Plaza with fountains, trees, resting areas and recreational space for pilgrims to relax before and after the pilgrimage: 10 acres 6.6.28.5 Task No. 47: Arts and Cultural University: 5 Acres 6.6.28.6 Task No. 48: Heritage Museum and Interpretation Centre: 5 Acres
6.6.29 Task No. 49: Development & management of Central Logistics & Control Centre (CLCC) Management system for CLCC (building to be part of TET Complex)
6.6.30 Task No. 50: Improvement of Signage and directions
6.6.31 Demarcation of Inner and Outer Zone (Part of the Pilgrim Movement and Darshan Management Plan PMDM)
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6.6.31.1
Task No. 51: Wall 1: Length 1.7 kms: Area
encompassed 39 Acres 6.6.31.2 Task No. 52: Wall 2 : 3. Kms; Area encompassed
125 Acres
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6.6.32 Task No. 53: Development of the Outer perimeter Boundary Fence for Tirumala Includes Reserve forest, dam, reservoir, wind towers: length 19.5 kms Area encompassed 6450 Acres
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6.6.33 Task No. 54: Development of the Inner perimeter Boundary Fence for Tirumala Hills (securing Habitable Area): length 10 kms, Area encompassed 865 Acres
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6.6.34 Task No. 55: Development of state of the art biometric based security and monitoring system.
6.6.35 Task No. 56: Development of state of the art queuing and accreditation system including software and
administration, overall software development system
6.6.36 Task No. 57: Development of Monitoring and Evaluation System for Quality Control, International benchmarks like ISO Certification system
6.6.37 Task No. 58: Development of state of the art security agency for Tirumala
6.6.38 Task No. 59: Development of Efficient and Effective Awareness Campaign for new systems to be put in place. New Modes of travel Assisting TTD in upkeep of spiritual and natural pristine environment of Tirumala Cleanliness off public travel/public transport Security systems
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SRIVARI MASTER PLAN FOR TIRUMALA Prepared by SISTA VISHWANATH, Director (Planning), HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

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SRIVARI MASTER PLAN FOR TIRUMALA Prepared by SISTA VISHWANATH, Director (Planning), HYDERABAD METROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

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SRIVARIMASTERPLAN

SRI VARI MASTER PLAN

Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority September, 2012

Land Use Analysis ........................................................... 35

Exploitation of natural resources .................................. 49 Transportation .................................................................. 50

Monitoring and Regulation ............................................ 131

Waste Management System for Tirumala .................................. 150

Task No. 6: Development of a Comprehensive Storm

6.6.8.1 Task No. 9: Development and Improvement of Srivari Mettu 158

The significance of Tirumala pilgrimage

Scope and Limitations

The Destination and the Journey

Renigunta, which is the nearest road and rail junction to Tirumala.

Growth Pattern of Tirumala

% of Total 100.00 21.60 8.90 9.20 100.00

Participation in Special Sevas

Rural 242 173 90 40 39 13 20 10 11 14 652

Public Semi Public Roads Under Aquision Total

4.79 23.36 3.21 334.28

1.43 6.99 0.96 100

3.9.6 Existing Land Use (2011)

3.10 Infrastructure 3.10.1 Water Supply Akasaganga, Papavinasanam, Kalyani dam,

Exploitation of natural resources

successful measures employed by TTD of pilgrim management during such occasions.

Need for a more effective Pilgrim Movement and Darshan

Management system (PMDM)

TET Location Map

Planning for the movement of pilgrims in the future

Transportation would be through TTD operated CNG Buses or BRT/LRT system.

Dhwajasthambam area. This would function as Netradwarams

Allotment of Accommodation to pilgrims at Tirumala and Tirupati,

Lodging boarding accommodation at

Tirumala Master Plan a boon for the local economy

development suitable rehabilitation measures may be undertaken by

Tirupati-Tirumala Tourism Circuit

CHAPTER 5 SRIVARI MASTER

proposed/designated (which shall house all

Quarters (10) Near Panchajanyam Guest House .

From the World Wide Web (translink.com)

Main Roads: 60 ft wide roads

Local roads 1: 40 ft. wide roads

With a 20 ft. Pedestrian walkway and 20 ft Battery operated lanes

Local roads 2: 30 ft. wide roads

With a 15 ft. Pedestrian walkway and 15 ft Battery operated lanes

20 ft. wide streets

With a 10 ft. Pedestrian walkway and 10 ft Battery operated lanes

area and surroundings by way of statues of religious significance, etc.

trees, gardens, fountains,

Tirumala/Tirupati include a Climate Change Mitigation Strategy.

PROJECTISATION MASTER PLAN

Infrastructure facilities enhancement

Estimated time for completion: 3 months

Estimated time for completion: 6 months

6.6.4 Task No. 4: Development of a Comprehensive Sewerage System for Tirumala

Estimated time for completion: 6 months

Transportation Facilities Enhancement

Approximate cost: Estimated time for completion: 36 months

From here it follows existing Annamayya Bhavan

Approximate cost: It is estimated that this will cost around Rs 5 Crore.

Estimated time for completion: 3 months

6.6.9.2 Task No. 14: 80 ft wide Main Arterial Road at Tirumala

6.6.9.4 Task No. 16: Local roads 1: 40 ft. wide roads

Area requirements: Approximate cost: Estimated time for completion: 36 months