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FORTRAN (Formula Translation) (1957) M-


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COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language) (1960)

ALGOL (Algorithmic Language) (1960) ,


Pascal
PL / 1 (Programming Language 1) (1965)

LISP (List Processing) (1959) . ,


(functional) ( )
PROLOG (Programming Logic) (1971) . (
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LOGO (1967) ,
BASIC (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) (1964) (
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Pascal (1970) ( .
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C (1972) , (
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C++ C. .
dBASE
JAVA . (
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SQL (Structured Query Language)

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