Kevin Zheng

December 21st, 2007

World Studies
6th Period
Chapter 26

I. Europe and North American 1815-1850

A. The Challenges of Nationalism and Liberalism
B. Efforts to Liberalize Early=Nineteenth=Century European Political Structures
C. Testing the New American Republic
D. Europe Moves Toward an Industrial Society
E. 1848: Year of Revolutions
F. IN WORLD PERSPECTIVE: Early-Nineteenth-Century Europe and the United States
II. The Challenges of Nationalism and Liberalism
A. The Emergence of Nationalism
1.Nationalism is proved to be the single most powerful European political ideology
of the 19th and 20th centuries
2.Nationalism is based on the relatively modern concept that a nation is composed
of people who are joined together by the bonds of common language, customs,
culture, and history, and who, because of those bonds, should share the same
government
3.Opposition to the Vienna Settlement
a. Early-nineteenth-century nationalist directly opposed the principle
upheld at the Congress of Vienna that legitimate monarchies or dynasties,
rather than ethnicity, should provide the basis for political unity
b. Objected people of the same ethnic groups ex: Germans and Italians
4.Creating Nations
a. Nationalist actually created nations in the nineteenth century
b. In time school teachers, by imparting a nation’s official language and
history, spread nationalistic ideas
c. Language was always a point of contention for nationalist
5.Meaning of Nationhood
a. Nationalist used a variety of arguments and metaphors to express what
they meant by nationhood
b. A significant difficulty for nationalism was, and is, determining which
ethnic groups could be considered nations, with claims, to territory and
political autonomy
6.Regions of Nationalistic Pressure in Europe
a. 19th century, nationalist challenged the political status quo in 6 major
areas of Europe
b. The “Irish Problem” would haunt British politics for next two centuries
B. Early-Nineteenth-Century Political Liberalism
1.Politics
a.