Lining, Weld Overlay and Cladding

In order to save the material cost and to have desired corrosion resistance three techniques are usually applied in pressure vessels over pressure containing but lesser corrosion resistant base metal: 1. Lining 2. Weld Overlay 3. Cladding Lining Corrosion resistant plates are stuck on intermittently inside the vessel just by attachment welds Weld Overlay Welding is performed on the vessel base metal directly with corrosion resistant welding material. This how corrosion resistant material is fused over the base metal. Cladding Pressure vessel plates are bonded with clad plates (corrosion resistant plate) using a specified cladding process like explosion bonding / friction bonding. The clad plate has 100% metallurgically bonded to the base plate. For detailed requirements on all these three, see ASME Sec. VIII Div.1 UCL. Where the cost impact in applying any of the above three is not justified, vessels are then directly fabricated from alloy steels having sufficient required corrosion resistance.