XII adaptacia zogierTi amfibia qviriTs sxe-

uliT daatarebs, zogi ki mas lif-

sitebis gamoCekvamde darajobs
§ 29
zogi mSobeli naSiers Tavis si-
qceviTi Seguebulobani cocxlis fasadac icavs _ cdi-
lobs, mtaceblis yuradReba Tavis
Cven mier ganxiluli Seguebulobebis garda, saxeobis gadasarCenad Tavze gadaitanos. sainteresoa,
didi mniSvneloba aqvs qceviT Seguebulobebs. rom am dros Svilebi `itrune-
zogjer cxovelebis qcevas iseTi rTuli xasiaTi aqvs, rom goniv- bian~.
rul moqmedebas emsgavseba. iqmneba STabeWdileba, TiTqos cxoveli saocaria samnemsa maxaTas qceva.
azrovnebs. Tumca cxovelTa qmedebas xSir SemTxvevebSi instinqturi
xasiaTi aqvs da Tandayolilia.
instinqti organizmis refleqsTa erTobliobaa, romelic zustad
aguebs cxovels garemosTan da is Taobidan TaobaSi gadaecema.
rogor swavloben wiwilebi kruxebis cnobas? ra aiZulebT frinve-
lebs yovelwliurad gadafrindnen Tbil qveynebSi da mere ukan dab-
rundnen?
partniorebis moZebna, budis Seneba, Sewyvileba, STamomavlobaze
zrunva, urTierToba jogSi, nadiroba, migracia da sxva _ qceviTi Se-
guebulobebia.
gazafxulze buneba ucbad axmaurdeba. ismis galobis, Cxavilis, yi-
yinis, ymuilis xmebi. am xmovani signalebiT partniorebi erTmaneTs
uxmoben.

STamomavlobaze zrunvas samnemsa maxaTas mamri budisTvis adgilis Ser-

mamri mdedri
es kaSkaSa, mkveTri Seferiloba mamr farSavangs mdedris misazi-
dad sWirdeba.
1 rogor fiqrobT, ratom ara aqvs aseTi mkveTri Seferiloba mdedr
farSavangs?
xSirad mamrebs mdedrisTvis brZola uwevT.
mamri mTis Txebis orTabrZolis dros rqebis
Sejaxebis xma ramdenime kilometrze ismis.
STamomavlobaze zrunva sxvadasxva saxiT
SeiZleba gamovlindes.
zogierTi Tevzis mamri ganayofierebul
qviriTs, zogjer lifsitebsac ki, piriT ata-
rebs. warmoidgineT, rom am xnis manZilze is ar ikvebeba.
102
CeviT iwyebs. am dros is Zalian agresiuli xdeba, icavs moniSnul terito-
rias, devnis konkurentebs.
amis Semdeg is akeTebs CaRrmavebas fskerze da avsebs mas wyalmcenaree-
biT. budes SardSi arsebuli webovani gamonayofiT amagrebs da masSi gvirabs
akeTebs.
mdedris misazidad mamrs mucelze wiTeli Seferiloba uCndeba da saqor-
wino rituals atarebs _ iwyebs zigzagisebur moZraobas da nemsebiT mdedrs
exeba.„moxiblul“ mdedrs is budemde miacilebs.
qviriTis dayris Semdeg mdedri tovebs budes da mis adgils mamri ikavebs
_ anayofierebs qviriTs. mamri Tavs dastrialebs budes, farflebis moZ-
raobiT wylis axal-axal Wavls ganayofierebuli kvercxebisken mimarTavs,
raTa STamomavlebi JangbadiT uzrunvelyos. amiTac ar kmayofildeba „mama“
Tevzi. is ar scildeba gamoCekil lifsitebs da Sors wasulebs ukan, bu-
desTan abrunebs.
2 gamravlebis rogori intensivoba unda axasiaTebdes samnemsa maxaTas? ra-
tom fiqrobT ase?
103
 qviriTis dasayrelad gvelTevzebi baltiis zRvis auzis mdinareebidan
sargasis zRvaSi Cadian. amisTvis maT ramdenime aTasi kilometris gadalaxva
uwevT. sargasis zRvaSi, romelic atlantikis okeanis didi wyalmcenareebiT
dafaruli nawilia, gvelTevzebi qviriTs 200 m-is siRrmeSi yrian da iRupe-
bian. patara STamomavlebi winaprebis adgils isev ubrundebian. am mogzau-
robas isini 2-3 weliwads andomeben.
3 gvelTevzebi vidre sargasis zRvisken gaemarTebodnen, sxeulSi didi ra-
odenobiT cxims igroveben, zurgis mxare maT Zlier umuqdebaT da Tvalebi
udiddebaT. axseniT am cvlilebebis mizezi.
evropuli gvelTevzas
migracia
cxovelTa kanonzomier, mizandasaxul gadaadgilebas gansxvavebuli saar-
sebo pirobebis mqone garemoSi, migracia ewodeba.
migracias cxovelebi sicivisa da gvalvisgan Tavis dasaRwevad, pirobebis
gasaumjobesebladac mimarTaven. magaliTad, wylisa da sakvebis ZebnaSi sava-
nis balaxismWameli cxovelebi asobiT kilometrs gadian. CrdiloeTis irme-
bi zamTarSi tundridan taigaSi miemarTebian.
migracia
migraciis erT-erTi forma frinvelebis sezonuri mimofrenaa. es qce-
viTi adaptacia sacxovrebeli garemos klimatis sezonuri cvlilebiTaa ga-
mowveuli. magaliTad, mercxlebi budoben Crdilo naxevarsferos zomier
sartyelSi, xolo gamosazamTreblad tropikul qveynebSi mifrinaven, sadac
maT SimSiliT sikvdili ar emuqrebaT. gazafxulze isini ukan brundebian.
104
qceviTi Seguebulobani
gansakuTrebiT nadirobis
dros vlindeba.
gvelkisera yanCa namd-
vili myvinTavia. wyalqveS
curvisas is farTod Slis
frTebs. misi Crdili Tev-
zebs izidavs. swrafi moZ-
raobiT daWeril Tevzs yanCa haerSi aagdebs da ise atrialebs, rom Tevzi Ta-
viT miemarTeba farTod gaRebuli niskartisken.
4 ratom atrialebs yanCa Tevzs haerSi?
zogierTi cxoveli nadirobisas jgufebad erTiandeba. es im SemTxvevaSi
xdeba, roca cxoveli msxverpls marto ver ereva. yanCas Tevzze nadirobisas
damxmare ar sWirdeba. mgeli ki marto cxenirems ver moereva. amitom mglebi
cxeniremze nadirobisas xrovebs qmnian.
jgufuri nadiroba gansakuTrebul qceviT Seguebulobebs moiTxovs, ro-
melic am jgufis wevrebis qcevas erTi miznisken mimarTavs.
mglis xrovis ramdenime wevri cxenirems daedevneba. sirbiliT daRlil
msxverpls xrovis sxva wevrebi gzas uWrian da Tavs esxmian. zogierTi yelSi
ecema, zogi _ fexebSi, zogi _ mucelSi da erTad uReben bolos am did cxo-
vels.
socialuri urTierTobebi TvalnaTliv Cans lomebis ojaxSi, praidSi, sa-
dac funqciebi ojaxis wevrebs Soris aris gadanawilebuli.
praids nadirobis gansakuTrebuli strategia aqvs.
yvelaze rTul saqmes, nadirobas, xvadi lomebi Zu lomebs andoben, Tvi-
Ton ki teritoriisa da ojaxis usafrTxoebis dacva evalebaT. Zu lomi msx-
verplTan miparvis xelovnebas flobs. is qaris mimarTulebis sawinaaRmde-
god frTxilad uaxlovdeba msxverpls da swrafi moZraobiT saxeSi ecema.
Tavze Camokidebuli mtaceblis simZimis gamo msxverpli vardeba. am dros
nadirobaSi sxva Zu lomebic erTvebian da glejen mas.
5 ratom `iTvaliswinebs~ lomi qaris mimarTulebas?
nadavlis gayofisas ojaxSi umkacresi ierarqiaa daculi. pirvelad na-
davls xvadi _ ojaxis ufrosi Seeqceva, Semdeg Zuebi, dabolos axalgazrda
wevrebi. bokverebze es kanoni ar vrceldeba.
105
 lomebis ojaxSi nadirobis es Cvevebi mxolod instinqtur xasiaTs
ar atarebs. axalgazrda lomebi nadirobis Cvevebs zrdasruli, ga-
mocdili lomebisgan swavloben. bokveri, romelsac ukve SeuZlia de-
dis devna, dedas akvirdeba da misgan swavlobs nadirobas. aTi Tvis
asakSi is ukve flobs msxverplTan miparvis xelovnebas. damoukide-
blad nadirobas isini mxolod ori wlis asakSi iwyeben.
ar arsebobs qceva, romelic mTeli sicocxlis manZilze ar ganic-
dides cvlilebas. xoxbis axlad gamoCekili bartyebi budis Tavze,
haerSi gamoCenili nebismieri sagnis danaxvaze irindebian, yuCdebian,
imalebian. wamozrdil xoxbebs SiSis grZnoba uqrebaT im sagnebze,
romlebsac xSirad xedaven. maT aRar aSinebT foTlebi, beRurebi. isi-
ni mxolod mtacebeli frinvelebis danaxvaze irindebian.
axlad gamoCekili an axalSobili individi bunebriv pirobebSi
pirvelad dedas xedavs, mis sunsa da siTbos grZnobs. es SegrZnebebi
mkveTrad, Zlier aRibeWdeba masSi. is ar scildeba dedas, Tan dasdevs
mas. mexsierebis am yvelaze adreul formas imprintingi uwodes. im-
printingi aRbeWdvas niSnavs.
cdebiT dadasturda, rom axlad gamoCekili wiwila dedad imas mi-
iCnevs, visac an rasac sicocxlis pirvel dReebSi dainaxavs. garkveu-
li drois Semdeg imprintingi qreba.
imprintings avstrieli mecnie-
ri, nobelis premiis laureati kon-
rad lorenci (1903-1989) swavlobda.
lorencs adevnebuli ixvis naSie-
rebi sicocxlis pirvel dReebSi
swored mas xedavdnen.
6 ra mniSvneloba aqvs imprintings
axladdabadebuli cxovelebisT-
vis? ra pirobebSi SeiZleba iyos
is saziano?
adaptaciis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani forma qceviTi Segue-
bulobebia. Tandayolili da SeZenili qcevebi saxeobis ga-
darCenas uzrunvelyofs.
1. warmoidgineT, rom gaqvT maxaTas qcevaze dakvirvebis realuri
SesaZlebloba. ra cdebs dagegmavdiT imis dasamtkiceblad, rom
mamri farflebis moZraobiT Jangba-
diT amaragebs qviriTs? warmoadgi-
neT cdis ramdenime varianti.
2. Toliebi bartyebis gamoCekvis Sem-
deg kvercxis naWuWebs budes acile-
ben. mecnierebma eqsperimentulad
daadastures: Toliebi ase imitom
iqcevian, rom gatexili kvercxis na-
WuWis SigniTa TeTr fers mtacebe-
106
li frinvelebi kargad xedaven da Tavs esxmian budes (gamoCekvamde
Toliebis kvercxebi qviSis an budis feria). ivaraudeT, ra tipis
eqsperimentiT mividnen mecnierebi am daskvnamde?
3. daakvirdiT mamalsa da dedal qaTams. ra niSnebiT gamoirCeva ma-
mali dedlisgan da risTvis sWirdeba es?
4. Tu geqnebaT saSualeba, awarmoeT dakvirveba mercxlis budeze.
ramdeni kvercxi dado man budeSi? ramdeni bartyi gamoiCeka? ro-
gor gamoiyurebian isini? riT kvebavs mercxali bartyebs? dReSi
ramdenjer miaqvs maTTvis sakvebi? ramden xanSi dafrTiandnen
bartyebi?
igive dakvirveba SegiZliaT awarmooT SaSvze, SoSiaze, gvritze.
5. Tu SesaZlebloba geqnebaT, daudeT gamosaCekad qaTams batis kver-
cxi da daakvirdiT axlad gamoCekili batis WuWulis qcevas.
1. dasavleT evropaSi binadari yaryatebi afrikaSi espaneTis gavliT
migrireben, xolo aRmosavleT evropaSi binadarni _ TurqeTis
gavliT. dasavleTis yaryatebis kvercxebi gadaitanes aRmosavleT
evropaSi. axladgamoCekili yaryatebi afrikaSi grZeli gziT _ es-
paneTis gavliT gafrindnen. ra daskvnas gaakeTebdiT?
2. ra upiratesoba gaaCnia Tandayolil qcevas SeZenilTan Sedare-
biT?
3. saqarTevloSi mercxlebis mofrena gazafxulis mosvlasTan aso-
cirdeba. ratom?
1. zogi meTevze gayinul tbaze xvrels akeTebs da Tevzebs kvebavs.
kvebis win yinulze fexebs abakunebs. amas meTevze ramdenime dRis
ganmavlobaSi regularulad akeTebs. ratom iqceva meTevze ase?
2. dRes mTels msoflioSi qaTmis gripTan brZola Zalzed aqtual-
uria. masTan brZolis RonisZiebebi garkveul periodebSi gansa-
kuTrebulad mkacrdeba. ra periodebia es?
107