Examples of

Chapter 12: Air Pollution

Neutral Conditions
Unstable Conditions
Stable Conditions
Example
Z(m) T(C)
10 5.11
202 1.09
C/m =

=
A
A
0209 . 0
10 202
11 . 5 09 . 1
1 2
1 2
z z
T T
z
T
m C/100 = 09 . 2
Since lapse rate is more negative than ,
(-1.00 C/100 m), atmosphere is unstable
Example
Z(m) T(C)
18 14.03
286 16.71
C/m =

=
A
A
0055 . 0
18 286
03 . 14 56 . 12
1 2
1 2
z z
T T
z
T
m C/100 = 55 . 0
Since lapse rate more positive than ,
atmosphere is stable
Example
A stack in an urban area is emitting 80 g/s of
NO. It has an effective stack height of 100 m.
The wind speed is 4 m/s at 10 m. It is a clear
summer day with the sun nearly overhead.
Estimate the ground level concentration at a)
2 km downwind on the centerline and b) 2 km
downwind, 0.1 km off the centerline.
Example
1. Determine stability class
Assume wind speed is 4 km at ground
surface. Description suggests strong solar
radiation.
Stability class B

Example
2. Estimate the wind speed at the effective stack
height
Note: effective stack height given no need to
calculate using Hollands formula
m/s 65 . 5
10
100
4
15 . 0
1
2
1 2
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
p
z
z
u u
Example
3. Determine
y
and
z

y
= 290

z
= 220



290
220
Example
4. Determine concentration using Eq 11-12

a. x = 2000, y = 0
(
(

|
.
|

\
|

(
(

|
.
|

\
|
=
2 2
220
100
2
1
exp
290
0
2
1
exp
) 6 . 5 )( 220 )( 290 (
80
) 0 , 2000 (
t
C
3 3
g/m g/m 3 . 64 10 43 . 6 ) 0 , 2000 (
5
= =

C
Example

b. x = 2000, y = 0.1 km = 100 m
(
(

|
.
|

\
|

(
(

|
.
|

\
|
=
2 2
220
100
2
1
exp
290
100
2
1
exp
) 6 . 5 )( 220 )( 290 (
80
) 100 , 2000 (
t
C
3 3
g/m g/m 6 . 60 10 06 . 6 ) 0 , 2000 (
5
= =

C
Example
A source releases 0.37 g s1 of a pollutant at an
effective height of 40 m into the atmosphere with
the wind blowing at 2 m s1. What is the
approximate distance of the maximum
concentration, and what is the concentration at this
point if the atmosphere is appropriately
represented by stability class B?
Model equations
Sy and Sz
Depend on stability of atmosphere
Indoor air quality model