CONTAINERISATION

Prior to Containerisation
MULTIPLE HANDLING All cargoes other than bulk commodities were moved package by package and piece by piece with multiple handling, resulting in damage, pilferage and time loss.

What is Containerisation
It is a system of inter-modal cargo transport using standard ISO containers that can be loaded on containerships , railroad cars/trains and trucks
At the beginning containers were made of Steel frames with either Aluminium , Steel or Fibre Glass.
The 3 common standard lengths 20 ( 6.1M) , 40 ( 12.2M ) or 45 (13.7M) Container capacity of Ships, Yards , Terminals are measured in TEU = Twenty foot Equivalent Units or FEU = Forty foot Equivalent Units .

With the advent of Containerisation

Pictorial flowchart

Shipper books shipment with WHL

WHL advises port depot to release empty to Shipper

Port depot releases empty to Shipper

Released empty is taken to Shippers premises

At Shippers premises shipment stuffed into Contr.

At Shippers premises shipment stuffed into Contr.

Stuffed laden box returned to port by Shipper

Stuffed laden box upon return to port is stacked in CY

laden box taken to vsl side for loading

laden box is loaded to vsl

Ship sails out with the shipment

Container Vessel

Types of Containers
The exterior dimensions of all containers conforming to ISO standards are 20 feet long x 8 feet wide x 8 feet 6 inches high or 9 feet 6 inches high for high cube containers. VENTILATED CONTAINER 20 Ideal for cargo requiring ventilation BULK CONTAINER 20 For bulk cargoes

Types of Containers ..contd.

TANK CONTAINER 20' For transportation of liquid chemicals and food stuffs DRY FREIGHT CONTAINER 20' and 40' General purpose container

HIGH CUBE CONTAINER 40' and 45' 9'6" High - For over height and voluminous cargo

Types of Containers ..contd..

OPEN TOP CONTAINER 20' and 40' Removable tarpaulin for top loading of over height cargo FLAT RACK 20' and 40' For over width and heavy cargo

PLATFORM 20' and 40' For extra length and heavy cargo

Types of Containers ..contd

INSULATED CONTAINER 20' and 40' For additional insulation of sensitive cargo REEFER CONTAINER 20' and 40 & 40HQ For Temperature controlled cargo. cooling, freezing or heating of foods or chemicals