in Me licine N. ClarkeMind Maps° in Medicine P. McDermott we cro rrce Consultant Radiologist, Stirling Royal Infirmary NHS Trust, Stirling, UK D.N. Clarke we cns rece Consultant Physician, Stirling Royal Infirmary NHS Trust, Stirling, UK D amc, EDINBURGH LONDON NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA SYDNEY TORONTO 1998‘CHURCHILL UVINGSTONE ‘An imprint of Harcourt Brace and Company Limited Rorbert Stevenson House 1-3 Baxter's Place Leith Walk Edinburgh EH1 3AF (© Harcourt Brace and Company Limited 1988, Disagreed trade mark of Harcourt Brace and Company Timited All rights reserved. No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, stored in 2 retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any ‘means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, ecording or other Wise, without either the prior permission of the publishers (Harcourt Brace and Company Limited, 24-28 Oval Road, London, Wt 7D¥), or licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Utd, 90, Tottenham Court Road, London, WIP OLP. First published 1998, Reprinted 1999 ISBN 0 443 05195 x British Library of Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. brary of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available fram the Library of Congress Mind Map is the Registered Trade Mark of the Buzan Organisation, used with permission Medical knowledge is constantly changing. As new information becomes availaole, changes in treatment, procedures, equipment ‘and the use of drigs become necessary, The authors and the Dublshers have, as far as it is possible, taken care to ensure that the information given in this texts accurate and up to date However, readers are strongly advised to confirm that the informa: tion, especially with regard to drug usage, complies with current legislation and standards of practice Printed in China Neccio2Preface Mind Mapping, invented by Tony Buzan, results in increased confidence, saves precious studying time and gives the student a sense of achievement. Conventional textbooks present information in such a way that the key words are not always obvi ous to the student. Research shows that key words are important in learning as they create and reinforce learning pathways. The key words in this book are presented in the context of pathways which connect to form maps of each topic. The information on each topic is thus connected to provide a framework for revision and learning, Studies show that revision of key words creates and strengthens word associations and helps the brain to process further information on the topic faster. Psychologists call this effect the ‘semantic prime’ The Mind Maps provide an overview of the subjects and are designed to ‘prime’ the brain to remember the information. P.Mcb. D.NC Stirling 1997 Contents How to use this book ix Glossary of abbreviations ix Cardiology 1 Heart symptoms & signs 2 Heart examination 3 Heart failure 4 Ischaemic heart disease 5 Myocardial disease (acute myocarditis, cardiomyopathy) 6 Pericardial disease 7 Rheumatic fever 8 Endocarditis 9 Left heart valves: aortic 10 Left heart valves: mitral 11 Right heart valves (tricuspid, pulmonary) 12 Supraventricular arrhythmias 13 Ventricular arrhythmias 14 Heart block 15 Cardiovascular drugs 16 Hypertension 17 Congenital heart disease acyanotic 1 (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus) 18 Congenital heart disease acyanotic 2 (coarctation of aorta, aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis) 19 Congenital heart disease cyanotic (tetralogy of fallot, transposition of great vessels) 20 Pulmonary embolism 21 Respiratory system 23 Clinical (symptoms and signs) 24 Lower respiratory tract infections 1 (bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, anaerobic infections, lung abscess) 25 Lower respiratory tract infections 2 (legionella, ‘mycoplasma pneumonia, psittacosis, Q fever, opportunistic infections) 26 Tuberculosis (miliary 78) 27 Post primary tuberculosis 28 Bronchiectasis 29 Chronic obstructive airways disease 30vi CONTENTS. Respiratory failure 31 Allergic disorders 1 (asthma) 32 Allergic disorders 2 (pulmonary eosinophilia, allergic rhinitis) 33 Sarcoidosis 34 Pulmonary fibrosis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis, cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, localised fibrosis) 35 Pneumoconioses (silicosis, asbestosis, coal miner's pneumoconiosis, byssinosis) 36 Tumours (bronchial carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, alveolar cell carcinoma, hamartoma) 37 Pleural disorders (effusion, pneumothorax, plaques, mesothelioma, empyema) 38 Lung cysts/Mediastinal masses 39 Central nervous system 41 Cranial nerves 1& 2. 42 Cranial nerves 3, 4 & 6 A (general, gaze palsies) 43 Cranial nerves 3, 4 & 6 B (nerve palsies, nystagmus, pupil disorders) 44 Cranial Nerves 5 & 7 (trigeminal neuralgia, atypical facial pain, TM joint dysfunction, facial migraine, trigeminal neuropathy, Bell’s palsy, Ramsay-Hunt syndrome) 45 Cranial Nerves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 (dysarthria, bulbar palsy, pseudobulbar palsy) 46 Sensoryimotor system 47 Basal ganglia and extra pyramidal syndrome 48 Spinal cord 1 (syringomyelia, root lesions, brachial & lumbar plexus lesions) 49 Spinal cord 2 (peripheral nerves, polyneuropathy) 50 Headache 51 Epilepsy 52 Cerebrovascular disease 1 (intracranial haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, venous sinus thrombosis) 53 Cerebrovascular disease 2 (cerebral ischaemia, intracerebral haemorrhage) 54 Multiple sclerosis 55 Intracranial tumours 56 CNS infections 1 (acute viral meningitis, acute & chronic viral encephalitis, AIDS, acute and chronic bacterial meningitis, cerebral abscess, neurosyphilis) 57 Muscle disease 58 Miscellaneous CNS (neurofibromatosis, deficiency states - vitamins B1 and 12, non-metastatic syndromes, hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration) 59 Blood disease 61 Clinical (symptoms, signs, investigations) 62 Blood constituents 63 Anaemia iron deficiency 64 Anaemia megaloblastic 65 Anaemia haemolytic (warm reacting Abs, paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria, isoimmune, blood transfusion incompatibility, RBC fragmentation syndrome) 66 Anaemia miscellaneous 67 Red cell disorders congenital 68 Thalassaemia 69 Sickle cell disease 70 Myeloid diseases (primary proliferative polycythaemia, spurious polycythaemia, myelofibrosis, thrombocytopenia) 71 Blood disorders miscellaneous (neutropenia, myelodysplastic syndromes) 72 Leukaemia (acute, chronic) 73 Lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma) 74 Myeloma (Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia) 75 Clotting disorders 1 (haemophilia, Von Willibrand’s disease) 76 Clotting disorders 2 (acquired defects, coagulation inhibitors) 77 Kidney 79 Structure and function 80 Water & electrolytes 1 (water homeostasis, acid base balance) 81 Water & electrolytes 2 (sodium, magnesium, potassium) 82 Acute renal failure 83 Chronic renal failure 84 Glomerular disease (glomerulonephritis) 85 Renal disease focal (urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, drug induced nephritis, analgesic nephropathy, unilateral renal disease, pregnancy) 86 Renal disease miscellaneous (diabetes mellitus, light chain nephropathy, myeloma, amyloidosis, hypertension) 87 Renal disease inherited (polycystic disease, Alport’s syndrome, cystinosis, adult Fanconi's syndrome, renal tubular acidosis, amino-acidurias, medullary sponge kidney) 88Nutrition 89 Nutrition 1 (fat soluble vitamins, vitamin C, trace elements) 90 Nutrition 2 (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, folate, vitB12 91 Gastrointestinal tract 93 Symptoms & signs 94 esophagus (gastro-oesophageal reflux, carcinoma, achalasia, diffuse spasm, pharyngeal pouch, scleroderma) 95 Stomach & duodenum (peptic ulcer, gastritis, Menetrier's disease, carcinoma) 96 Malabsorption 97 Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) 98 Large bowel tumours (adenocarcinoma, polyps) 99 Large bowel miscellaneous (diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, mesentericischaemia) 100 Infectious diseases (typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonella enteritis, shigella dysentery, yersinia enteritis, cholera, giardiasis, cryptosporidium, amoebiasis. clostridium difficile, viral gastroenteritis) 101 Biliary tract (gallstones, cholecystitis, sclerosing cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma, dyskinesia) 102 Pancreatitis (acute and chronic) 103 Pancreas tumours (carcinoma, endocrine tumours) 104 Liver 1 (hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, secondary ‘tumours, portal hypertension) 105 Liver 2 (fatty infiltration, drug disease, pregnancy, neonatal hepatitis, biliary atresia, Reye's syndrome, cystic fibrosis, Wilson's disease, schistosomiasis, polycystic disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome) 106 Viral hepatitis 107 Liver failure 108 Girchosis 109 Metabolic disorders 111 Diabetes 112 Diabetes mellitus complications 113 Calcium & bone 1(hypercalcaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, rickets) 114 Calcium & bone 2 (osteoporosis, Paget's disease) 115 Hyperlipoproteinaemia 116 Endocrine 117 Pituitary 1 (growth hormone, hyperprolactinaemia) 118, Pituitary 2 (hyposecretion, hypothalamicdeficiency) 119 Sex hormones (delayed puberty, amenorrhoea, subfertiity) 120 Thyroid disease 1 (goitre, thyrotoxicosis) 121 CONTENTS i Thyroid disease 2 (thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, carcinoma) 122 Adrenal disorders 1 (hyperfunction, phaeochromocytoma) 123 Adrenal disorders 2 (insufficiency, Addison's disease, congenital hyperplasia) 124 Pluriglandular syndromes (multiple endocrine neoplasia, non-endocrine organs, ectopic hormones) 125 Connective tissues and joints 127 Rheumatoid arthritis 128 Ankylosing spondylitis/psoriatic arthropathy 129 Systemic lupus erythematosus 130 Systemic sclerosis 131 Polymyositisidermatomyositis 132 Necrotising arteritis (polyarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis, Wegener's granulomatosus, hypersensitivity angiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Takayasu's disease, erythema nodosum) 133 Soft tissues (shoulder-hand syndrome, entrapment neuropathy, bursitis, tenosynovitis, psychogenic rheumatism, Teitze’s syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, enthesopathy, periarthritis) 134 Joints (bleeding disorders, avascular necrosis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, sickle cell disease, neuropathic joints, sarcoidosis, familial Mediterranean fever, hyperlipidaemias, hypogammaglobulinaemia, leukaemia, juvenile arthritis) 135 Secondary arthritis (reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, acute rheumatic fever, bowel associated arthritis, Bechet’s syndrome) 136 Deposition disorders (gout, pseudogout, hydroxyapatite arthropathy, alkaptonuria) 137 Infective arthritis (bacterial and viral) 138 Inherited disorders (Marfan’s syndrome, homocystinuria, Ehler’s Danlos syndrome, ‘osteogenesis imperfecta, mucopolysaccharidoses) 139 Infectious diseases 141 Childhood viral infections (measles, rubella, mumps, hand, foot and mouth disease, varicella) 142 Upper respiratory tract 1 (streptococcal sore throat, pertussis, influenza) 143 Upper respiratory tract 2 (infectious mononucleosus, diphtheria) 144 rrhoeal disease (traveller's diarrhoea, bacillary dysentery, amoebiasis, giardiasis) 145 CNS (meningitis, post-infectious encephalitis) 146 reeviii CONTENTS Miscellaneous 1 (cytomegalovirus, leptospirosis, brucellosis) 147 Miscellaneous 2 (tetanus, actinomycosis, toxoplasmosis, immunocompromised host) 148 Sexually transmitted diseases 1 (gonorrhoea, syphilis) 149 Sexually transmitted diseases 2 (non-specific urethritis, genital herpes, molluscum contagiosum, chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma, inguinale) 150 Tropical 151 Malaria 152 Protozoal disease (trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis) 153 Miscellaneous (leprosy, rabies, rickettsia) 154 Helminthic infections 1 (filariasis, hydatid) 155) Helminthic infections 2 (schistosomiasis, intestinal worms) 156 Further reading and information 157HOWTO USE THIS BOOK/GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS ix How to use this Book Glossary of abbreviations 4. Always use a visual aid to move over the Mind Ab antibody Map —a marker, felt-tip pen, or even afinger and Abs antibodies start at the 1 o'clock position on the Mind Map, ACA anterior communicating artery moving clockwise. The more common features are ACTH adrenocorticotrophic hormone mentioned first. AD autosomal dominant AF atrial fibrillation 2. Work for about 25 minutes followed by a five AIDS acquired immunosuppressive disorder minute break. Do not study for more than two ALK hours at a time. PHOS alkaline phosphatase AR autosomal recessive 3. Quickly read over the topic in your textbook ARF acute renal failure several times, Underline or highlight key words ASD _atrial septal defect remember ths is your own book! BP blood pressure CD collecting duct 4, Minutes after the end of your study period turn to CHD congenital heart disease the relevant Mind Map. Use your highlighter or CMV _ cytomegalovirus coloured pen to link or isolate groups of words on CNS_central nervous system ‘the map. Insert cross references to other maps PK creatine phosphokinase and add any other points you wish to remember. CRF_—_ chronic renal failure CRP C reactive protein 5. Revise the Mind Map the next day for a few CS cavernous sinus minutes. Test yourself to see how much you have CSF_—_ cerebrospinal fluid remembered CT computed tomography xR chest X-ray 6. Revise the Mind Maps fairly frequently DCT distal convoluted tubule emphasizing points made in lectures or tutorials. -DIC_disseminated intravascular coagulation Continue to add to the map if you wish DVT deep vein thrombosis ECG electrocardiograph 7. Revision of the Mind Maps just before going to EEG — electroencephalograph bed can be useful — there is a theory that the EM electron micrograph brain consolidates information as you sleep, ERCP endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreatography ESP especially ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate GBM glomerular basement membrane GFR glomerular filtration rate GIT gastrointestinal tract GM — gramstain GN glomerulonephritis GUT genitourinary tract GVH graft vs host disease Hb haemoglobin cecex GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS HIV ICA 1p 'g HD iM INR Vv we sve LM LSE LUse w lve LvH MCA MI MRI Ms Nv PCA PCT Pc PDA PFT PN PTC human immunodeficiency virus internal carotid artery intracranial pressure immunoglobulin ischaemic heart disease intramuscular international normalised ratio intravenous inferior vena cava jugular venous pressure lower motor neurone left sternal edge left upper sternal edge left ventricle left ventricular failure left ventricular hypertrophy middle cerebral artery myocardial infarction magnetic resonance imaging multiple sclerosis nerve posterior communicating artery proximal convoluted tubule packed cell volume patent duct arteriosus pulmonary function tests polyarteritis nodosa percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography PTH uo. RA RBC RF RHD RV RVF RVH SAH SDH SUE 5S STAPH STREP SUP sy 18 TIPS TSH UMN us uti vie vit sD wec wr parathyroid hormone pyrexia of unknown origin rheumatoid arthritis red blood cell rheumatic fever rheumatic heart disease right ventricle right ventricular failure right ventricular hypertrophy subarachnoid haemorrhage subdural haemorrhage systemic lupus erythematosus systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) staphylococcus, streptococcus superior syndrome (also Sy) tuberculosis, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt thyroid stimulating hormone upper motor neurone ultrasound urinary tract infection very important piece vitamin ventricular septal defect white blood cell weightCARDIOLOGY Cardiology —___ TTT TTT Heart symptoms & signs 2 Heart examination 3 Heart failure 4 Ischaemic heart disease 5 Myocardial disease (acute myocarditis, cardiomyopathy) 6 Pericardial disease 7 Rheumatic fever 8 Endocarditis 9 Left heart valves: aortic 10 Left heart valves: mitral 11 Right heart valves (tricuspid, pulmonary) Supraventricular arrhythmias 13 Ventricular arrhythmias 14 Heart block 15 Cardiovascular drugs Hypertension 17 Congenital heart disease acyanotic 1 (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus) 18 Congenital heart disease acyanotic 2 (coarctation of aorta, aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis) 19 Congenital heart disease cyanotic (tetralogy of fallot, transposition of great vessels) 20 Pulmonary embolism 21 12 16SNDIS ® SHOLANAS VAN Z XOIOIOV)\poTOIKRND © NOMWNMWAEL RIVsv LAN +ss sus ADOTOIOND ISCHAEMIC usr HEART annoy BETAS DISEASE Es oom |] UD sus a X > oust si — os a TGA. ue ExEnCISE 2 NE xs %, Sarmeng Stsvcver_gaat tne Mt a som eee ort : corcanons tng IG eg. > eee eS Sect ¥ cA ee : o EH he s y Oo - ye a eave Me, y ae, Xe, ¢ \e sn 2 torr, 8 Sp \GubucANnoy HAE < SF & OS § asvasi LaVaH OMSxooToIa —agyIsta THewants SULYNAIRE 8 A9010108N9A010 6 SlLIMOGNsve a y Se : a cae sep Bt oI dee LER’ HEART VALVES: MITRAL a ren 9 “ ky ae = isin ey, — Ltaue SHE ‘80970 >t > ww: sos J yoo es oS = ‘SANTVA.DAVAH LAT ua1 SVTICHLAY HY 10OPRINSAYAS4 % SVINHLLAHRRAY MVINORLINAA. FL Rea on we “acs ae MULTIFOCAL COMPLEXES. mou» use Hemmaue nanos mom BE ‘wanoy ane soot 9 woe ww VENTRICULAR oxycas DISSOCAHO ARRHYTHMIAS xpress assocanoy _saveM snes 2 sexe soe al coecLINE eae - vente are < spe ont y es $/ Lase D J % Bice, PS e ere x oo SF IOI eu $ le ou 7 y syoeMoms AOOTOIENVDst you Lavalre TO ANGOTSY coe Jorores Ars APEsLOW worcnoy bewcaye 2, \ Reet ae SONIC AVIADSFAOIGNY 9 AD01010.N9eo X00 & Be & BAL S ee ze Ley CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE ACYANOTIC 2 g ANTIBIOTICS _PROPHYLAAS NONE _Tyary ; ge oS we ss ee cowonsst yun SIT ADOTOIND (61. ZULONVAOY ASKASIC AIH TWLINEONODPULMONARY — )} psmovooy EMBOLISM \awv9 DOTOK TZ WSTIOMWe ANWNOWTIESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiratory ——— system MITT] Clinical (symptoms and signs) 24 Lower respiratory tract infections 1 (bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia, anaerobic infections, lung abscess) 25 Lower respiratory tract infections 2 (legionella, mycoplasma pneumonia, psitacosis, Q fever, ‘opportunistic infections) 26 Tuberculosis (miliary TB) 27 Post primary tuberculosis 2 28 Bronchiectasis 29 Chronic obstructive airways disease 30 Respiratory failure 31 Allergic disorders 1 (asthma) 32 Allergic disorders 2 (pulmonary eosinophilia, allergic rhinitis) 33 Sarcoidosis 34 Pulmonary fibrosis (extrinsic allergic alveolitis cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, localised fibrosis) 35 Pneumoconioses (silicosis, asbestosis, coal miner's pneumoconiosis, byssinosis) 36 ‘Tumours (bronchial carcinoma, bronchial adenoma, alveolar cell carcinoma, hamartoma) 37 Pleural disorders (effusion, pneumothorax, plaques, mesothelioma, empyema) 38 Lung cysts/mediastinal masses 39Wasts AxOuvuE S so SNOLOHINT LVL SOLIS ENO ggens(ORY SYSTEM TUBERCULOSIS. > TUBERCULOSIS. },WHUSis AHOLNY Ig uring YONVAKSTAALLERGIC DISORDERS 1ey w wg’ ee, um >a own Sey SEoaneyy COMPLICATIONS we o y “so y 2 er Teasiavranioy te mamma baexy ee ys ne Re 306 ww pity eB ee ty | 2 — an sy 7 “ey y naes _ cos prsrsors uss WALSS RIOLYHLAST5 ¥ 5 % % 5 * 5 & & BF 4 : ls a en E Fs a e & gen “ce & < TUMOURS 7 m7 wn. sno \ 8 ery 4 § eg Cn ee ” ENC THERAPY Ly, = 3 yon nu ee ey va “ss s oe 2 senusmogory a ose enters ys a wx F ton a ors s 7 | oe ost Ee nue ‘> 280 ey 4 sunonaL.MEDIASTINAL MASSES oxi sistTRAL NERVOLS SYSTEM at Central nervous system Cranial nerves 1&2 42 Cranial nerves 3, 4 & 6 A (general, gaze palsies) 43 Cranial nerves 3, 4 & 6 B (nerve palsies, nystagmus, pupil disorders) 44 Cranial nerves 5 & 7 (trigeminal neuralgia, atypical facial pain, TM joint dysfunction, facial migraine, trigeminal neuropathy, Bell's palsy, Ramsay-Hunt syndrome) 45 Cranial nerves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 (dysarthria, bulbar palsy, pseudobulbar palsy) 46 Sensoryimotor system 47 Basal ganglia and extra pyramidal syndrome 48 Spinal cord 1 (syringomyelia, root lesions, brachial & lumbar plexus lesions) 49 Spinal cord 2 (peripheral nerves, polyneuropathy) 50 Headache 51 Epilepsy 52 Cerebrovascular disease 1 (intracranial haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, venous sinus thrombosis) 53 Cerebrovascular disease 2 (cerebral ischaemia, intracerebral haemorthage) 54 Multiple sclerosis 55 Intracranial tumours 56 CNS infections 1 ( acute viral meningitis, acute & chronic viral encephalitis, AIDS, acute and chronic bacterial meningitis, cerebral abscess, neurosyphilis) 57 Muscle disease 58 Miscellaneous CNS (neurofibromatosis, deficiency states — vitamins B1 and 12, non-metastatic syndromes, hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration) 59 MTT TTT TTT 1CRANIAL, NERVES 1 & 2uy o Lop, Ree ae = wees ALOU Baer Se mn SLATER pss = at ; cos - - f wey oa concer jj os “ j apes / car ENT pO _ eB, oe Xs eae syunrsercrnts YE 05 sat -_Sustincnmes on EAL ROHS WAISAS SNOAMAN TVALND VORSESINEN TINOwan TIN aowees EIN TRIN|WALLSAS SONA TMALLND Less ey eee so sos anL Basi, Ly MSHA a sisonmmat nou a CRANIAL NERVES 8,9, 10, 11 & 12 1 xno oon ace Ly staan ws TUB IETS BSAMEN THINNED. 9 NTVUIND g z3, 2 hE 4g 5 - me y c Towmipuus sv ; a 1 Pe, _—ssosom sa j teas V4 g x en - y id ome B EG 7 ze 3 % ES ;] 6 IE 3) i eg ] ~ % 5 oot » 5 ee Bs ow Ss s oss ata oe cst y ss Ay “ cc 7S 05 rl 7 ‘ARCA mmms ans nc os i et exrengols Hows AFFECT PSUS snus ERE Ly axons WORE AFECTED Dons an _ ve NR OT FELT BY PATIENT ‘ u WISAS SNOAMAN TRULNED J WEILSAS YOLOW/ANOSNASems Pew > Cramecrorsnns 5 st —a—e no st ro CUOUCHNGS FCF wengnee) —_nnowe 5 sno coma ax aOR . s & ps Ruy a TET se bE cau ag Are core wv it uu zee : a $ N 7X corp ee i : Se ee om 4 & ey ss ? SS vy SPINAL CORD 1 y {thy ~~ Say &, poo s . oH SLCSNCEFUSY " s. 2 Dress Nyy WAISAS SONIN TLIND 6 140) TNSSION IVAN&y ues Lp i ae, Baume Ne, an wy Yon SHOU ip ‘woonor Stop aca est we st ya yet Ministre rao oot 2 acorn s ys ~ g Ye, ey § om ont — a e ste key \ eon PY a eS SS tte | ae on * \ : ua _pRAESTHESIA. a ; : * gy APEBCTED a sac 7 5 s DEMOS EEHON 5s FOSTER Cons Ley aso ue eta mane ReuLLAnay te uw 2 WAISAS SMOMMEEN TAN 66 SNO SROANYTEEDSTIETSEASE L Blood disease —— Clinical (symptoms, signs, investigations) 62 Blood constituents 63 ‘Anaemia iron deficiency 64 Anaemia megaloblastic 65 Anaemia haemolytic (warm reacting Abs, paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria, isoimmune, blood transfusion incompatibility, RBC fragmentation syndrome) 66 Anaemia miscellaneous 67 Red cell disorders congenital 68 Thalassaemia 69 Sickle cell disease 70 Myeloid diseases (primary proliferative polycythaemia, spurious polycythaemia, myelofibrosis, thrombocytopenia) 71 Blood disorders miscellaneous (neutropenia, myelodysplastic syndromes) 72 Leukaemia (acute, chronic) 73 Lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's | lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma) 74 Myeloma (Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia) 75 Clotting disorders 1 (haemophilia, Von Willibrand’s disease) 76 Clotting disorders 2 (acquired defects, coagulation inhibitors) 77CLINICALasvasta door 3 F 3 : g ¥ 7 J zl os a > j sc SSO ot Fi ma na - BLOOD oe psc rouse Lean CONSTITUENTS ms covery CONE oss nan a et ames, —Mouine se Aeeein ee, gs rom pu ¢ ye e w PGMS a ey “tema nooo _ on > Do sa ee, — 208 3 & a % % Lee We ds ad i, : te sae fe a 2 B\ Gere aS & E Bas tea * ae Sh BE R& a oom f ie £9 SINANULISNOD GooTHaT EIT CONGENITAL J g go IG pEsws 3 J spouse ROPES ATV ye TaN ugryy __cRORDS DIES uci Ay ras sso oma may BOUT sno ESE me Ch sne < 2ov_wowe, ty 47 opty 7 Mig, Ae os mre Ley bn 4 6 \ verre ceo, sro FEMNERAL NACHT swvnowciea. ond ONO pace COMBED DOES cx SLU e cous BRETT é asvasta dora $9 DUSVIMOTVOAN VINNY> re wasn ANAEMIA, Le ey MISCELLANEOUS % on Rg AR sw ¥ % & a es e Sg Lint 2 oy, Nmaocs tt a eR oon esos oe : — A os Re Wes, ¥ Bere & re, & % %cane , aus oeceee Bat Xe err am @& uae aS mone é ue eS, sxomans 2 , Fs a Ley © eeenccnnseuns 0 no e % § eesanm Rane Ley Sasoremvany woes << h eaten z ssos_( THALASSAE sony —= cas ass em pyc SSABMIA Ms oe orca a seus 2 ns oa — me LS MSE g B aun wt EY Ss 3 % See ins ss 2 PS J © Ss awwy seat $ 3 onic s J £88 rooicnoxt , VII J Gst 4 asvasia doo 6) VINGYSSVIVILLeu Ye Bp 8 ©, sg RNY ey, Vee 2 Any Dec, teewemuge Suro er ee @, & wee VER reer ag We mw wetter tape Wy, ours" ypoonis, svesesnos utconsoausne > = EXFECTIONS. J 9 | MASSE ses i SS 9 we eS 255 Aruswa vou & 6 ‘ e\, & % 6 © ey eg eu, a GS asvasta gooTa LL sasvasia GIOTSANE s DCU ma ea OO Pt Vacs gs wh eee si 3 ft va wy MASTIE oe o ee % & ‘ “ oe sO @_ & y Ley, 3 Sayhaonoxco7 tem “ke 9 |e % wa oes ves e 000 2 ALSIP mon YF LMIDOLE Ace eee “ MEGUEHOMAST: Anueraseae 7 95 was ‘3 a = suo 7% moe some wymounis “ame or y ie tu Sstmsonuno, HAEW —\ Ruz s ey Cea : te : » S % 7 x“ Le, an s ee 2 Wk, exon Re 9 II VE a oo es 3 o& cin mm wy Ji Ja] ee a x 100 a5 % Me oF nna gs Damme J MeTOTBATS nies Sacarton an oe o maa et Iq ss 280 eS 7 4 canna o we ons 8 im wt asc a SS So Ls Be 2 cL viNavangLYMPHOMAasvasia dooms Pets gs i eT ae’ ranicros | yo ey Yass eeu RY neasniasy CeCILM yypownKNC ESTAS ee leet Bete Weta, sermciuy cust sr95_FOETS S xy %, "i » : egos > LCI, é TAUGINTERTION coer eon me LL TSEIAHOSTA DNLLLOTDNIDNEY Kidney NIT TT Structure and function 80 Water & electrolytes 1 (water homeostasis, acid base balance) 81 Water & electrolytes 2 (sodium, magnesium, potassium) 82 Acute renal failure 83 Chronic renal failure 84 Glomerular disease (glomerulonephritis) 85 Renal disease focal (urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, drug induced nephritis, analgesic nephropathy, unilateral renal disease, pregnancy) 86 Renal disease miscellaneous (diabetes mellitus, light chain nephropathy, myeloma, amyloidosis, hypertension) 87 Renal disease inherited (polycystic disease, Alport’s syndrome, cystinosis, adult Fanconi’s syndrome, renal tubular acidosis, amino-acidurias, medullary sponge kidney) 88NOLLONT ANVHALITBLS 08 lavaTSUNION IATL LUNN 78 ‘ananySAUTE TWNAM INOHH +8 sanaxanant 5 nas fe os TECTIA [ye Ps supracocou Gy ogous suns “yoo URINE 26 ya PRoTEy Seuss Say {Ue ey AOL Seg B LU LT a 2 ss 2 ss F porte a SEM E coweucarons 2 ey g Mcingy —soarmy = AEENGDunEsTRITION ” Nutrition Nutrition 1 (fat soluble vitamins, vitamin ¢, trace elements) 90 Nutrition 2 (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, folate, vit B12 91GASTROINTESTINAL TRAC Gastrointestinal — tract | TTT symptoms & signs 94 esophagus (gastro-oesophageal reflux, carcinoma, achalasia, diffuse spasm, pharyngeal pouch, scleroderma) 95 Stomach & duodenum (peptic ulcer, gastritis, Menetrier’s disease, carcinoma) 96 Malabsorption 97 Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) 98 Large bowel tumours (adenocarcinoma, polyps) 99 Large bowel miscellaneous (diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, mesenteric ischaemia) 100 Infectious diseases (typhoid, paratyphoid, salmonella enteritis, shigella dysentery, yersinia enteritis, cholera, giardiasis, cryptosporidium, amoebiasis. clostridium difficile, viral gastroenteritis) 101 Biliary tract (gallstones, cholecystitis, sclerosing cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma, dyskinesia) 102 Pancreatitis (acute and chronic) 103 Pancreas tumours (carcinoma, endocrine tumours) 104 Liver 1 (hepatoma, cholangiocarcinoma, secondary tumours, portal hypertension) 105 Liver 2 (fatty infiltration, drug disease, pregnancy, neonatal hepatitis, biliary atresia, Reye's syndrome, ystic fibrosis, Wilson's disease, schistosomiasis, polycystic disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome) 106 Viral hepatitis 107 Liver failure 108 109 Cirrhosis[OPEL TWNUISEINIONISYOVI WNLSINIOMISS 26 NOWLAWOSAVINN,ISVASIC-THNOA ANOLYAWENT 86 DML WNLISULNIONISEDLARGE BOWEL MISCELLANEOUS },YUL TNUSAINIONISYD(GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT LUNER. 105aan TOU TWNKLSAENIOMLSYD[VL TWNLISALNIOWISY" Zor siuubvaan watsNUSNIL TYAUSAINIOBIS! i SISOHWAIDMETABOLIC DISORDERS Metabolic disorders Diabetes 112 Diabetes mellitus complications 113, Calcium & bone 1 (hypercalcaemia, hypocalcaemia, hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, rickets) 114 Calcium & bone 2 (osteoporosis, Paget's disease) 115 Hyperlipoproteinaemia 116s¥ouOsta ITIOHWLAD 1 sNOLWOTIaNOD SUUITIEN SALAMAKR Endocrine [TTT TT Pituitary 1 (growth hormone, hyperprolactinaemia) 118 Pituitary 2 (hyposecretion, hypothalamic deficiency) 119 Sex hormones (delayed puberty, amenorrhoea, subfertility) 120 Thyroid disease 1 (goitre, thyrotoxicosis) 121 Thyroid disease 2 (thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, carcinoma) 122 Adrenal disorders 1 (hyperfunction, phaeochromocytoma) 123 ‘Adrenal disorders 2 (insufficiency, Addison’s disease, congenital hyperplasia) 124 Pluriglandular syndromes (multiple endocrine neoplasia, non-endocrine organs, ectopic hormones) 125LAWL 8 INROOGNEot) TANKANIIOOIN' TZ 1 aSvast CLOHAR:NIHON $1 Suauosia Naasoo ADI DISORDERS 2aNINDOUNS SANOYANAS HYLAONVTODIATECONNECTIVE TISSUE AND JOINTS Connective tissues and joints TTT | Rheumatoid arthritis 128 Ankylosing spondylitis/psoriatic arthropathy 129 Systemic lupus erythematosus 130 Systemic sclerosis 131 Polymyositisidermatomyositis 132 Necrotising arteritis (polyarteritis nodosa, temporal arteritis, Wegener's granulomatosus, hypersensitivity angiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Takayasus disease, erythema nodosum) 133 Soft tissues (shoulder-hand syndrome, entrapment neuropathy, bursitis, tenosynovitis, psychogenic rheumatism, Teitze’s syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, enthesopathy, periarthritis) 134 Joints (bleeding disorders, avascular necrosis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, sickle cell disease, neuropathic joints, sarcoidosis, familial Mediterranean fever, hyperlipidaemias hypogammaglobulinaemia, leukaemia, juvenile arthritis) 135 Secondary arthritis (reactive arthritis, Reiter's syndrome, acute rheumatic fever, bowel associated arthritis, Bechet’s syndrome) 136 Deposition disorders (gout, pseudogout, hydroxyapatite arthropathy, alkaptonuria) 137 Infective arthritis (bacterial and viral) 138 Inherited disorders (Marfan’s syndrome, homocystinuria, Ehler’s Danlos syndrome, ‘osteogenesis imperfecta, mucopolysaccharidoses) 139SINIO( ANY SHASSLLAALIDANNOD ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS! PSORIATIC ARTHROPATHY 62L_AHLVdOAHLAY DILYMIOSASLLTIAGNOMS ONSOLAYNYSOSONVICHTLANH STUNT DINLSAS. O81 SLNIO ONY SADSSUL ANLEIENNODPOLYMYOSITIS DERMATOMYOSITISSUNIOCUNY SHNSSLL ZALLANNODINO: SECONDARY ARTHRITIS INV SHASSILEZSINIOf ANY SHSSULAALIIANNOD6€1 S¥aNOSTA CALREHENTNFECTIOUS DISEASES Infectious diseases Childhood viral infections (measles, rubella, mumps, hand, foot and mouth disease, varicella) 142 Upper respiratory tract 1 (streptococcal sore throat, pertussis, influenza) 143, Upper respiratory tract 2 (infectious mononucleosus, diptheria) 144 Diarrhoeal disease (traveller's diarrhoea, bacillary dysentery, amoebiasis, giardiasis) 145 CNS (meningitis, post-infectious encephalitis) 146 Miscellaneous 1 (cytomegalovirus, leptospirosis, brucellosis) 147 Miscellaneous 2 (tetanus, actinomycosis, toxoplasmosis, immunocompromised host) 148 Sexually transmitted diseases 1 (gonorrhoea, syphilis) 149 Sexually transmitted diseases 2 (non-specific urethritis, genital herpes, molluscum contagiosum, chancroid, iymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma, inguinale) 150aA COOHCID 7H ‘sIS\aSK SNOLLOANTSSISVSIC SOLLDEINTSASVISIO SOLENT ESTOANVTOSTINTropical Malaria 152 Protozoal disease (trypanosomiasis, Leishmaniasis) 153 Miscellaneous (leprosy, rabies, rickettsia) 154 Helminthic infections 1 (filariasis, hydatid) 155 Helminthic infections 2 (schistosomiasis, intestinal worms) 156HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS 1 S61 ESNOUDHNTOINENIIEEHZSNOUDAINI DIMINIVERH 951 TOON:Further reading and information Buzan T 1989 Use your head, BBC Books Buzan T 1993 The mind map book. BBC Books Buzan T 1997 The speed reading book. BBC Books Edwards C R W, Bouchier | AD, Haslett C, Chilvers £ R 1995 Davidson's principles and practice of medicine, 17th edn. Churchill Livingstone Hope R A, Longmore J M, Hodgetts T J, Ramhakha T 1993 Oxford handbook of clinical medicine, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press Read A E, Vann Jones J 1993 Essential medicine. Churchill Livingstone Souhami R L, Moxham J 1997 Textbook of medicine, 3rd edn. Churchill Livingstone For further information on Mind Map books, videos, audio tapes and other products please contact the addresses below for a brochure, UK HEAD OFFICE Buzan Centres Lt. 54 Parkstone Road Poole Dorset UK BH15 2PX Tel: 44 (0) 1202 674676 Fax: 44 (0) 1202 674776 Email: Buzan_Centres_Ltd@compuserve.com USA OFFICE Buzan Centre Inc. 415 Federal Highway Lake Park Florida USA 33403 Tel: 001 (561) 881 0188 Fax: 001 (561) 845 3210 Email: 8uzan000@aol.com“Mind Maps’ & in Medicine P. McDermott - D.N. Clarke ein = = Tovelia