Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CURRENTS OF HISTORY
Journal of the Institute for Recent History of Serbia
2007.
THE INSTITUTE FOR RECENT HISTORY OF SERBIA
Editor-in-chief
Editorial board
-
Prof. dr Stevan Pavlowitch
(Southampton)
Dr Jan Pelikan (Prag)
()
()
Dr Vladimir Geiger (Zagreb)
Dr Svetozar Rajak (London)
Editorial secretary
949.71
YU ISSN 0354-6497
Dr VILJENKA KORJANEC
Gimnazija Beigrad, Ljubljana
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
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___________________________________________________________________
a e ,
/ CONTENTS
12/2007.
Articles
19181934.
Yugoslav Gendarme Losses in Clashes with Albanian and
Bulgarian Bandits 19181934 ............................................................
.
(19341949)
Everyday-Life of the French Family Playoust in Serbia and
Yugoslavia (19341949) ..................................................................... 20
,
Acquisition of Aviation Material from Czechoslovakia for the
Air-Forces of the Navy and the Army of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia .. 43
(17. 1963)
The First Titos Visit to Washington D.C. the Last Kennedys
International Meeting (October 17 1963) ............................................ 65
1968.
An Attempt at Forming a Core of Czechoslovak Emigration in
Yugoslavia after the Soviet Occupation of Czechoslovakia in
August 1968 ....................................................................................... 81
Researches
- 19191923.
Utilizing the Perception of the Irish Revolution in Conflicts
between the Serbs and the Croats ..................................................... 107
1946.
The Visit of Josip Broz Tito to Czechoslovakia in March 1946 ........... 133
- 19531956.
Military Relations between Yugoslavia and Egypt 19531956. .......... 154
XX
Prostitution in aak during 20th Century ........................................... 170
Historiography
Biographies in Serbian Historiography ............................................... 191
......................................................... 202
Essay
.
On Historical Changeability of the Balkans as a Political Metaphor ... 211
Methodology
Problem of Quoting Electronic Information ......................................... 221
Supplements
Dr Viljenka KORJANEC
JUGOSLOVANSKO-ITALIJANSKA POGAJANJA O
DOKONNOSTI MEJE
.................................................................. 233
Alexander Solzhenitsyns The Red Wheel and his rehabilitation
of Stolypin ........................................................................................... 245
Sources
. ................................................................................ 261
1945. ................................................................................... 267
19501955. .............................................................. 274
:
1985. .................................................. 280
IN MEMORIAM
........................................................................ 291
- .................................................. 299
, : -,
2005, 2006, 2007. ( ) ................................. 328
19151918, , , 2007.
( ) ............................................................... 330
Latinka Perovi, Izmeu anarhije i autokratije. Srpsko drutvo na
prelazima vekova (XIXXXI), Helsinki odbor za ljudska prava u
Srbiji, Beograd, 2007. ( ) ................................. 333
/ Scientific events
/ Lectures at the Institute
,
, /
Information on conferences, workshops and symposia
,
1806. - 1876, ,
2. 2006. ............................................................................ 340
, :
- XI, ,
1415. 2006. ..................................................................... 341
,
,
19181939, , 2325. 2007. ............................... 342
, ASN 12th Annual World Convention
Nation, Community and the State, The Harriman Institute,
Columbia University, New York, 1214. april 2007. .......................... 343
,
Contemporary Methods and Approaches, Used in Studying
the Lessons Learnt, , 79. 2007. .................................. 344
...
323.1(=163.41/=163.42)1919/1923
323.1(415)1916/1923
Articles
19181934.1
:
, .
: , , , ,
, ,
. , ,
( ) .
, , ,
/.
,
,
.
20. / 2225. 2005. .
12/2007.
,
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, , .
,
ad hoc ,
. ,
. , ,
.
,
, ,
.2
*
- , - .
,
, .
,
.
,
,
, , . , .3 1923. 2
, ` ` 1918
1929, , . 12/2002, , 2002, . 54.
, : , 1995, . 7576, 94
99.
10
...
.
,
, 1923.
.4
1922.
.5 1924.
:
, .6
.
,
1920. ,
,
.7
1920/21.
(. ), ,
.8
1922. 20
,
.9
1.700 ,
. 1921. , 1928. 8.000, . .
4
8
9
11
12/2007.
1923.
25.000 , 40.000 10.800 .10 . , 1925.
21.000 ,
, , .11 1931. 18.203 ( 442
35 ) 2.499 ,
, 19191934. 173
1.200 .12
1934. ,
. ,
.13
, .
,
.
, , , :
, ,
. , ,
.14 1923.
,
15.000
, 150.000
!?15
10
11
12
13
14
15
, 19181941,
1983, . 63; , 19181941,
, . 1, , 1961, . 81.
Mile Bjelajac, Vojska Kraljevine SHS/Jugoslavije 19221935, Beograd, 1994, str. 37.
A, 37-22-174, . 331, Summary of material outlay incurred for defence against komitadji raids
from 1919 to 1934; , . .
1932, . 1, 17. . , 21. 3. 1932, . 348; , XIX/. 78. 1932, . 329.
, . 108110, 3. 1. 1932, . 8;
, . . 1933/34, . 2, 18. . , 25. 3. 1934, .
218.
Pokrajinski arhiv Maribor, Ostavtina Antona Koroca, evid. br. 7-IV/15-1958 (14. 4. 1936).
. , , . 67.
12
...
1920.
, .
, .
,
: ,
.16 , :
( 1922), ( 1922),
23 ( 1923),
( 1923), -, ( 1926),
( 1927), ( 1927) , ( 1928), ( 1928),
94 , 28
.
.17 ,
1930.
16 ,
.18
, 19191929.
1.500 ,
54.700 .19
1930. 1918.
25.000
.20
16
17
18
19
20
Macedonia. Documents and Material, Sofia, 1979, str. 726; , . 57, 12. 2. 1933, . 5;
. 108, 10. 8. 1933, . 2.
AJ, 37-22-174, . 327; , . 128, 12. 10. 1933, . 6.
AJ, 14-194-716, . 203; 14-227-812, . 173.
, 4, , 2000, . 161162.
Macedonia. Documents and Material, p. 848/9.
13
12/2007.
*
,
, .
,
21
22
23
24
ore Stankovi, Nacionalizam i politika kultura (istorijsko iskustvo prvih godina jugoslovenske drave), Tokovi istorije, br. 12, Beograd, 1993, str. 116.
, . 13316/104, , . 1;
, 55. . , 11. 10. 1923, . 1702.
Nikica Bari, O problemu nacionalnog sastava andarmerije nakon sporazuma CvetkoviMaek, Radovi, br. 3233, Filozofski fakultet Sveuilita u Zagrebu, Zagreb, 19992000, str.
182184.
AJ, 14-240-854, . 458.
14
...
,
.
.
:
a 19191933.
YEAR
70 , 41
,
.
1924. ,
.25
1918. 1923.
600 .26 , -
1920. 1.666 ,
21. .27
25
26
27
. , . ., . 103.
, 3. . , 20. 6. 1923, .
273.
. , . , , . 750759.
15
12/2007.
300 1923.
3.000 !28
, 19291933.
. , .
151 78
524 , . 602 :
19291933.
1929.
1930.
1931.
27
25
31
27
26
14
6
10
3
143
116
117
1935, . 7475.
1932.
48
8
59
88
1933.
20
3
28
60
,
. , 19191927.
, 387 ,
755 .29
19181931. 736, 399 1.405 ,
66%! ,
,
100 , 13
! ,
11 816
.30
28
29
30
, . 13313/3, , . 13.
, . 12, 1929, . 3942.
, . 1112, 1932, . 598; . 912, , 1936, . 634.
16
...
670 .31
,
.32 ,
19191934. 467 185
, 253 288 .33
-
:
Year
Komitadji raids
and attacks
Officials killed
or wounded
Civilians killed
or wounded
Komitadjis
killed, wounded
or captured
1919
10
1
1
2
1920
17
9
4
7
1921
24
12
8
8
1922
41
26
38
21
1923
51
37
42
16
1924
74
38
42
79
1925
55
14
24
47
1926
23
7
20
9
1927
61
19
32
27
1928
10
3
7
1929
16
6
6
8
1930
13
7
33
1
1931
17
5
2
13
1932
18
1
1
3
1933
34
16
1934
3
4
TOTAL 467
185
253
268
AJ, 37-22-174, l. 326-327, Report of the results of Macedonian komitadji action
19211927. . 1930. ,
,
. ,
1935. . , 31
32
33
1930, . 7475.
Hugh Poulton, Macedonians and Albanians as Yugoslavs, Yugoslavism. Histories of a Failed
Idea 19181992, Ed. by Dejan Djoki, London, 2003, p. 118.
,
, , . 1, , 1972, . 56.
17
12/2007.
.
.34
.35
. , . , ,
.36 ,
, 1933.
(,
, , , .).37
, .
.
,
. 1924.
150
. ,
,
!38 ,
, .
,
.
19141915. 19191934.
, . . 1:1,44!39 , ,
,
, , .
34
35
36
37
28
29
18
...
Summary
Yugoslav Gendarme Losses in Clashes with Albanian
and Bulgarian Bandits 19181934
Key words: Gendarmeries, Albanian bandits, Bulgarian bandits, the Kingdom of
Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, human losses
The text presents, on the basis of state documents a survey of human
losses of the gendarmerie of the Yugoslav kingdom in clashes with armed groups
of Albanian and Bulgarian bandits in the territory of Macedonia, Kosovo and
Metohija. When utilizing the accessible materials we could detect inconsistency
in presentation of the number of victims which was caused by the circumstances
under which the data were reported. Most often tables and data depended on
person, time and occasion the data were imparted. For that reason the final data
of the killed between 1918 and 1934 diverge greatly, ranging from 353 to 2.141.
Depending on motives, the number of the killed and wounded was often adduced
together, whereas in smaller number of cases distinction was made between the
gendarmes who had been killed and those who had died of natural causes. The
intriguing play of numbers and the impossibility to look into the losses of the
Army, blear the realistic picture of the results repression of the Albanian and
Bulgarian outlaws had yielded. This also limits to a great extent the evaluation
of the anti-terrorist actions. However, on the basis of the most frequent statistics
it is obvious that the number of the gendarmes who were killed in clashes with
the Albanian bandits started diminishing only from 1927 on, although officials
claimed the Albanian brigandage had been suppressed three years earlier. As for
the consequences of shoot-outs with Bulgarian bands, the number of the dead
started diminishing in 1928, despite the increase in the number of armed clashes.
With a clearer categorization of victims and historiographical treatment of the
phenomenon of the deceased (who made up 66% of the total gendarme losses!)
the effects of the unfinished struggle of the Yugoslav forces with the Albanian
guerilla and Bulgarian-Macedonian outlaw movement will be clearer too.
19
12/2007.
394(=133.1)(497.11)1934/19492(093.2)
316.728(=133.1)(497.11)1934/19492(093.2)
929.52
(19341949)
.
:
,
.
: , , , ,
, ,
,
, . ,
,
,
.
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...
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.
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.
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.
.
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.
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, , .2
, ,
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, , . , , XIX
XX . . ,
. , 1915. ,
.4 .
1
2
3
4
, , , 1980, . 75.
, . 15.
Mile Bjelajac, Vojska Kraljevine SHS/Jugoslavije 19221935, Beograd, 1994, str. 302.
. -, . , , , 1972, . 75.
21
12/2007.
.
, ,
. , , , 2. 1915.
,
.5
. ,
.
1915.
. 1918. ,
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.
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, . 6509, 8. 1926. , . 5.
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(Playoust).
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8
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. 4871, 1. 1933. , . 1.
23
12/2007.
.
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838, 208/37, .12711/IV, 9. 1934. .
, , . 838, 208/37, . 3894,
16. 1934. .
(. Playoust),
, 2000. , . 2 (: II).
24
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, 65-554-1274, 1939. , II ,
. 1.
, , . 837, 150/37, , 14. 1938. , . 1.
, 65-554-1274,
. VIII-8865, 23. 1938. , . 1.
, . 2.
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12/2007.
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39
12/2007.
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.
1948.
1946. .85 ,
, .86
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.
41
12/2007.
Summary
Everyday-Life of the French Family Playoust in Serbia and
Yugoslavia (19341949)
Key words: France, Serbia, Yugoslavia, the Playoust family, everyday life,
economic relations, Smederevska Palanka
Many firms with foreign capital, among which the French one made
up a considerable part, were active in Yugoslavia during the inter-war period.
The investment of capital didnt signify only investment of money or transfer of
technology and know-how, but also circulation of people and ideas which often
connected quite distant countries. Part of that living bridge which connected
Yugoslavia and France in that way, were members of the Playoust family who
moved in 1934 as a consequence of the great economic crisis, together with their
firm for making cogs and machine-maintenance, from Tourcoing, a well-known
centre of textile industry, to Smederevska Palanka.
In this small town where the initial industrialization was only just
beginning and which harbored only few Frenchmen who worked in the Jasenica
wagon factory, which was also owned by French capital, the Playoust family,
comprising several generations, was compelled to introduce considerable
changes in their way of life so as to blend with the local community. These
changes included changes in lodging, clothing, food, everyday life-rhythm,
doing business, associating, education The result of these changes which were
quite small in some segments of life and very significant in others, was a very
successful integration, particularly of the younger family members in the social
environment in which they elicited credit and respect of their Serbia fellowcitizens. With these same fellow-citizens the Playoust family survived all the
tribulations of the WWII, only to be unexpectedly bitterly disappointed after it: in
the course of nationalization they were deprived of their firm and everything they
acquired in Yugoslavia until 1949. When they left, they took along only fifteen
years of experience of living and working in a country they thought they had got
acquainted with.
42
. , .
...
355.014:358.4(497.1)193
327:355(497.1:437)193
:
, ,
. 1930. 1935.
. , ,
,
. -
.
: , , , , , -
,
, 1912. ,
.1
1
, , 1 II
19181928, , 1929, . 572573.
43
12/2007.
1919. .2
. ,
.3 ,
.4 . ,
, ,
.5
, , ,
,
. , .6 ,
, .
, , - ,
,
, .
.7
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6
7
44
. , .
...
8 , .
.
,
,
.
molik m-1.33
.9
:
avia BH-20 ( 1924),10 molik -6 (
1924),11
ar -12 ( 1924. ),12 letov .18 ( 1926),13 koda D.1 (
koda D 1.14 1928),14 avia BH-33 (
1928) .
8
10
11
12
13
14
, , , , .
,
. . Avramovski, Britanci... II, str. 378.
Vaclav Nemeek, esko-slovenska letadla (I) 19181945, Praha, 1983, str. 2426.
m-1 1922. -M-1, a 1923. -M-2, -2.
( : . ), . Avia BH-20 ,
, , . Gurdu Leser
. Janes all the worlds aircraft 1926, London, 1926, str. 103b.
Jir Rajlich, Jir Sehnal, eskoslovenske letectvo 19181924, Kolinske noviny, str. 4.
-6 je bio , , 260 K. Janes all
the worlds aircraft 1926, London, 1926, str. 103b.
XIX 2.
Jir Rajlich, Jir Sehnal, eskoslovenske letectvo 19181924, Kolinske noviny, str. 5. Aero-12
, 260 K. Janes all
the worlds aircraft 1926, London, 1926, str. 100b.
XV
, .
18 , ,
60 . Janes all the worlds aircraft 1926, London, 1926, str. 107b.
. . .1
.
45
12/2007.
,
(blesk)
(Breitfeld-Danek) 1922.
1923. .15
.
.16
- . , . ,
,
,
.17
1926. 18
aeo A-29 (r -29) II 240
1926. 9.
.
450 19
.
-29 ,
. 1930. -29 (dtachement v Kumboru) 1936.
15
16
17
18
19
Ren Grgr, Jugoslvsk nmon letectvo a nae letadla, L+K No 8/1995, str. 33.
6- 100 KS 1400 o/.
Breitfeld Danek : Janes all the worlds aircraft 1926, London,
1926, str. 25c.
. Ren Grgr, Jugoslvsk nmon letectvo a nae letadla, L+K No 8/1995, . 32. str.
Ren Grgr, Jugoslvsk nmon letectvo a nae letadla, L+K No 8/1995, str. 33.
Ab-11 . Ren Grgr, Jugoslvsk nmon letectvo a nae letadla, L+K No 8/1995, str. 33; Janes all the worlds aircraft
1926, London, 1926, str. 99b; Janes all the worlds aircraft 1930, London, 1930, str. 91c.
Breitfeld Danek Perun II 240 KS 1400 o/. Janes all the
worlds aircraft 1926, London, 1926, str. 25c.
46
. , .
...
.20 1935.
1938.
-328V (Letov -328).
.21
-16.1
(Letov Vojensk tovrna na letadla v. Praze) (estnactka). (molik) -16,
. (Alois molik).
. -16 (
1926. 1927).
, ( 20 -16 1927/28), (63 -16,
20 -16 192931) (16 -16
192930).22 1929. -16
() , -31623
.24 1.
1929. .25
-16.1 (-16.1)
hispano 12 Hbr 500
20
21
22
23
24
25
Ren Grgr, Jugoslvsk nmon letectvo a nae letadla, L+K No 8/1995, str. 3334.
A-29 , , .
8,80 , 12,80 , 36,50 2,
1300 1680 kg. ,
, 190 / 5500 . Taschenbuch der Luftflotten 1927, Munchen, 1927.
Ren Grgr, Jugoslvsk nmon letectvo a nae letadla, L+K No 9/1995, str. 33.
-16 : Janes all the worlds aircraft 1930,
London, 1930, str. 96c Janes all the worlds aircraft 1931, London, 1931, str.
93c94c. V. Nemeek, esko-slovenska letadla (I) 19181945, Praha, 1983, str. 40; Ing. Jan
Krumbach, Letov -16 (ast I), L + K, 1983; Malcolm Passingham, Le Letov -16 (I, II, III
partie), Avions, No47, 48 i 49 , 1997; Jir Sehnal, esko-slovensk
letadla ve svete, ARtMI br.1/1992.
, V vodni . . Janes all the worlds aircraft 1930, London, 1930, str. 96c; Ren Grgr, Jugoslvsk nmon letectvo a nae letadla,
L+K No 9/1995, str. 32.
VII, 17, k. 396. . 6, . 1, . 11, 12,
, .
Ren Grgr, Jugoslvsk nmon letectvo a nae letadla, L+K No 9/1995, str. 32.
Ren Grgr, Jugoslvsk nmon letectvo a nae letadla, L+K No 9/1995, str. 32.
47
12/2007.
27
28
29
30
31
48
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...
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,
.33
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,
. 1931. 19.34
,
192, , , 19/7 .
,
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.
,
1931.
, , . , ,
. , 36 -Y
.24 .39.
1932. .37
.II3, (Fokker) 1929. (
) F-IX
32
33
34
35
36
37
49
12/2007.
39
40
41
42
43
44
50
. , .
...
. 28. 1932.
, .
39.102 19. 1932.
. 30. 1932.
,
.45
(tovrny sla) 13 14 ( 12
F.IX), (vyrobn sla) 101 102
.39.46 .39,
,
450 . , ( ), .39
, .47
1. 1939. ,
I .
,
.
, . ,
.48
.39 ( ) ,
45
46
47
48
Bohumir Kudlicka, Le bombardier Avia F-IX, Air Magazine N. 10, str. 21.
Josef Vclavik, Te`ky bombardovaci letoun Avia Fokker F-IX, HPM 1/2000.
Vaclav Nemeek, esko-slovenska letadla (I) 1918-1945, Praha, 1983, str. 153; E. Weal, R.
Weal and R. Barker, Combat Aircraft of World War Two, London, 1977, str. 179.
Taschenbuch der Luftflotten 1934
. 39 450 . 19,30 ,
27,17 , 4,80 , 103,0 2.
215 /, 4000 3000
27 . Taschenbuch der Luftflotten 1934, Munchen, 1934, str. 27.
9, 420 . 39
.
9277 ( 3900 ). 217 /,
4600 . 7
7 12 100 200 . . . ,
, , 1938.
, 19261990, , 1995,
. 4750; . , . , , , .
5/1940; , I
939/40, . , . . , 17. 1999. .
51
12/2007.
-, 10 ,
.
.39 (. 3211) , 1941,
.49
,
420 , .50
aj . 33
,
(BH), (Pavel Bene)
(Miroslav Hajn) BH-21 ( 10. 1926)
BH-21 ( B-21) GR upiter
9 ( 9c) 420 .51
, BH-33.
VII 480
27. 1928, VI 420 .52 VI
,
, . ,
, . BH-33 ( ). 1928,
VL ( B-33)
(
49
50
51
52
52
. , .
...
53
54
55
56
57
Jir Rajlich, Jir Sehnal, Avia BH-33 - ro zlat ry, HPM 10/94; V. Nemeek, S Letadla 1,
118; Pierre Cortet, Avia BH-33, FANA, No133, Decembre 1980; A. Kresby, Avia BH-33, L + K
10/84.
, . 10/1928; D. T., , , .
12/1929.
Jir Rajlich, Jir Sehnal, Avia BH-33 - ro zlat ry, HPM 10/94, 11/94; Vaclav Nemeek, esko-slovenska letadla (I) 19181945, Praha, 1983, str. 119; Jir Rajlich, Jir Sehnal, Vzduh je nae
more, Praha, 1993, str. 8586.
http://www.sbhac.net/Republica/Fuerzas/Armas/Armahtm (21.06.2006)
Jir Rajlich, Jir Sehnal, Avia BH-33 - ro zlat ry, HPM 10/94, 11/94; Vaclav Nemeek, esko-slovenska letadla (I) 19181945, Praha, 1983, str. 119; Jir Rajlich, Jir Sehnal, Vzduh je nae
more, Praha, 1993, str. 8586; Sid Napier, Avia BH 33E SHS u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji, YASIG,
No1-4, 2001; Sid Napier & Nenad Mikluljev, The Avia BH-33E in Yugoslav Service, SAFO no.
1, April 2002.
-33 . ,
. Sid Napier, The Avia BH-33E SHS in Yugoslav Service, Mushroom Model
Magazine, 6/3, 2002.
53
12/2007.
.
. ,
1929. ( BH-33
D.27) , , . D.27 , .
(
via BH-33-, )58
1929. ( D.27)
. ,
(1011), (1019).59
( ) D.1
D.9, D.27 BH-33. , 6. - .
,
, , . .
-33,
. . , BH-33
,
.
, (Howker Fury) 20 -33, 1931. . 60 , .61 1931. 1933.
II, 6. .
, ,
, ,
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58
59
60
61
54
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. ,
62
. ,
, -33 .
,
-33,
-33 .63
1932, -33,
1933. 16
20 .
-33
1931. 1933. . 1933.
-33, 11. 1934.
. 1935. ( ),
1936. (5) 1937. (6).64
-33
5-6 .
, - ,
.
22 ,65 -33 46 .
62
63
64
65
55
12/2007.
( ) ( ) 19311937, II.
6. -33;
51. 1939. .
-33 VIF 450 66 ( ).
9
420 , VI.67
BH-33-SHS 1929. B.H.33.
, 20
BH-33Y. ,
20
33, .
..33 .33.68
( ), , , , 9. 1934. ,
1935. . .
, 1935.
, , , 17 (12 -19 ).69
, , 1935,
. 1-5. , ,
66
67
68
69
( 3 ):
Avia-BH.33Y, Jupit. VI, . 507/1522. - 450-500 1929. . 420 1700
o/. 450 1870 o/. Janes all the worlds aircraft 1930, London, 1930, str. 14d.
9 IV
420 1700 o/. 6,5:1
VIFH. Janes all the worlds aircraft 1930, London, 1930, str. 14d; , , 1929. . 14.
- - 420 ,
. , .
. BH.33E.1009, 1010, 1011 i 1019
( ), BH.33.1021 1040 ( 20 ) i BH.33.1041 1062 (
). 4 . 1009 .,
No1021 . 1940.
, . 2001.
, (19341940), , , 1986, . 192
194; ivko Avramovski, Britanci o Kraljevini Jugoslaviji 19311938, knj. II, Zagreb/Beograd,
1986, str. 317, 386.
56
. , .
...
(N 1031) , (
) .
I 20. ( 20) ,
B.534, 19. 1940. . .70
-33 1939.
. ,
-33
( 1940:
, , ,
420 ).71 1. 1940.
22 , ,
.72
: ( 5. 2. 3.
) ( 3. ).
-33 73
.
4. 1941. -33 . 11
via Jeger 1941. 25 ( ) . ,
. BH-33 33013307 (
1944). (.
2005/28).74
70
71
72
73
74
. ; - III
, ( No1039), (No1031) ,
. , , Hellenic Air Force Museum
, . , 24. 2001. .
1912 IPMS , 1992, 26;
19292001, 1/2001, 49, 179.
: , 19181941, V , 19371941, III
; , , , 1940, . 365, 377.
, . 17, . 38, . 20, . 10 (. . . . 3068/39 31. 1940
1. 1940; :
1. 1940).
, . , 19131945, , 1970, . 120; , , . 12, 1996.
. 17, . 372, . 6, . 4, 40, 46, 48 53 ( ,
, ..33 . 2004, 2012, 2016
2021); , . 17, . 372, . 6, . 2, 4546 (
57
12/2007.
(PZL - Pnstwowe Zaklady Lotnicze) .1/I
-33 D.27
1929.
10. 1929. (Mokotw)
, .75 1931. .
(Zygmunt Pulawski), PZL P-11/I,
.76 ,
, 1933.
.
,
.77
75
76
77
17. 1941.
- (Verbindungsstelle des Generalluftzeugmeisters Belgrad-Semlin) : 17.
1941; , . 17, . 375, . 10, . 62, 1 ( 28. 1941);
NAW, T-177-17; Vojislav V. Miki, Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne Drave Hrvatske 19411945, Beograd, 2000, str. 144, 154; Danijel Frka, Josip Novak, Sinia Pogai, Zrakoplovstvo Nezavisne
Drave Hrvatske 19411945, Zagreb, 1998, str. 349; Dragan Savic & Boris Ciglic, Croatian
Aces of World War 2, Oxford, 2002, str. 60; Giancarlo Garello, I raporti aeronautici italo-iugoslavi nel periodo 19381943 - Parte III, Le prede belliche, Aerei, N.7/8, luglio/agosto 1977;
Milan Micevski, Pod tuim zastavama, Aero magazin (specijalno izdanje), br. 23/91.
28. 1941. 6 . . 33 (BR. 2004, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2021,
2022), (2013, 2022), 4 a
a 28. (2014, 2017, 2018, 2020).
4. 4 (2004, 2012, 2016, 2021) 5.
( ). , 20.
11 ..33 (Ikarus Werke 6, Semlin 4, Budmir 1), 4
. . 2025/88 35.
5. .
The Era of the Gulls - The Chronicles of the Pulawski Fighter Line, Air Enthusiast 28, JulyOctober 1985. , , ,
, ,
4, , 2006, . 31.
J. Cynk, Sily Lotnicze Polski i Niemec Wrzesien 1939, WKL, Warszawa, 1989, str. 171;
, , , , , 4,
, 2006, . 31.
ivko Avramovski, Britanci o Kraljevini Jugoslaviji 19311938, knj. II, Zagreb/Beograd, 1986,
212; Mile Bjelajac, Vojska Kraljevine SHS/Jugoslavije 19221935, Beograd, 1994, str. 124;
, , ,
, , 4,
, 2006, . 31.
58
. , .
...
1933.
20 50 ,
28. 1933.
. : , (Hawker Fury Mk.I),
(Dewoitine D.500), ( - - - Fokker F.XVII) (Avia B.534).78 ,
,
. 1934. B-534 II
395 /.79
.500 (Dewoitine D.500) 1933, ( )
. ,
.500 ,
.510. Leo-SAF
. 12. 1934. (Denaine), . 10 .510 30
40 . 5. , 10
( , , )
267.000 , 1.040.000
40 .80
(Lotnictwo Wkowe), -7 (PZL P-7)
(Lulin), . (Ludomil Rayski) 1934. , ,
. . (Jerzy
78
79
80
Raymond Danel et Jean Cuny, Les avions Dewoitine, Docavia, Paris, 1982, str. 119; Kenneth Munson, Fighters between the wars 191939), Poole, 1977, str. 134; ivko Avramovski, Britanci o
Kraljevini Jugoslaviji 19311938, knj. II, Zagreb/Beograd, 1986, str. 212; , , ,
, , 4, , 2006, . 31.
Jir Rajlich, Jir Sehnal, Vzduh je nae more, Praha, 1993, str. 123125; V. Nemeek, S letadla 1, 127; Christophe Cony, LAvia B-534 - 1re partie, Avions, No38, mai 1996; Modelrsk listy/Modellers pages 1, Avia B-534, Praha, 1990; Jir Vrany, Aeroarchiv - Avia B 534,
Praha, 1991, str. 16; , , ,
,
, 4, , 2006, . 31.
Raymond Danel et Jean Cuny, Les avions Dewoitine, Docavia, Paris, 1982, str. 119120;
, , ,
, , 4,
, 2006, . 31.
59
12/2007.
82
83
84
85
86
. ,
, , . 9/1934; Andrzej Glass, PZL P.7a, Aero-Technika Lotnicza nr 9/1991; J. Cynk, Sily Lotnicze Polski i Niemec Wrzesien 1939, WKL, Warszawa, 1989,
str. 169; Andrzej Glass, PZL P.7 cz.1, Samoloty mysliwskie Pulawskiego - od PZL P.1 do PZL
P.8, AJ Press, Gdansk, 2000, str. 7779; , ,
, ,
, 4, , 2006, . 31.
Mile Bjelajac, Vojska Kraljevine SHS/Jugoslavije 19221935, Beograd, 1994, str. 124;
, , ,
, , 4, ,
2006, . 31.
, . 227, 1. 1935.
, 229 (15. ), 230 (22. ); 248250 (9. ); 256257 (28. 1935).
( : . )
( ). 29.
XII 1936. XII.
, . 17, . 95, . 3, . 18, 215. . .
.
60
. , .
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, 2. ( )
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: -534 ,
-634 , 1937. . ,
,
,
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-71)
- .88
, 28. 13. 1938,
(via B-422, lin Z-XII, Tatra T-201,
Bene-Mraz B-51 Beta Minor, Praga -114 Air Baby) .89
.
1938, , B.422.90
1939.
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1941. ( ).91
- , ( )
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87
88
89
90
91
, 63 .
, . 17, . 95, . 3, . 18, 1-15; . 95|,. 3, . 15-17, . 18, 16-24
i . 19, 3, 14, 16) . .
; , I , , 1996,
. 114117.
. . , , . 6/1938.
, . 23, 1938.
, 19251941, , .
1/1998, . 123.
61
12/2007.
,
( 223 ) 35 -
12 . ,
. ,
,
.92
1940,
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10 94 50
100 .95 1. 1932.
292 50 150
100 .96
,
1. 1932. , 1930. 1. 1932.
, , .97
. ,
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Breitfeld & Danek)
. 1928.
(Wlter) .
120 ( 120), .
92
93
94
95
96
97
: . , , 19181941, VII ,
19371941, V .
.
Jir Rajlich, Jir Sehnal, Vzduh je nae more, Praha, 1993, str. 146.
, , (
19261928), . . , , 1935. g.
, 17, k. 396, br. 6, f. 1, l. 39,
, 1. 1932. .
.
.
62
. , .
...
(Vega, Castor, Titan, Pollux II, Sagitta
IIR) (Mars, Major 6), VI
BH-33. 12 (via HS
12Ycrs) -2.
1930. 1935.
. ,
. 1935. , 400 200
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1935. K
,
.
.99 ,
.
, 1936. , .100
, .
Summary
Acquisition of Aviation Material from Czechoslovakia for the AirForces of the Navy and the Army of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Key words: the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, France, Czechoslovakia,
air-forces, combat aircraft, air-industry
The air-forces of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes were
mostly equipped with French types of combat air-craft in the first years after
WWII. The same tendency existed until the end of 1920s, although the Air-Force
Command strove, whenever possible, to organize production of franchised French
98
99
100
Izvetaj Britanskog poslanstva u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji za 1935. godinu, . Avramovski, Britanci..., II, str. 390.
, . 391.
, . 592.
63
12/2007.
64
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327(497.1:73)1963
(17. 1963) *
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.
65
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,
.
1956. .
12. 1956.
.
, 20. , .2
1
( ), 1957, . ,
-3, 45.
Foreign Relations of the United States, (dalje FRUS), 19551957, 26: 754-56. Pismo D. Ajzenhauera J. B. Titu; Isto, 25: 756-57. Pismo J. B. Tita D. Ajzenhaueru (Lorejn M. Lis, Odravanje
Tita na povrini. Amerika, Jugoslavija i hladni rat, Beograd, 2003, str. 281).
66
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67
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. , .7 , 1962,
6
Muzej istorije Jugoslavije, Kabinet predsednika Republike (dalje MIJ, KPR), I-2/12, Zabeleka
o razgovoru druga Tita sa Eisenhowerom dana 23. septembra 1960 godine.
. -
68
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, 1962, , -120/, 419 558. , 1962, . , -1, 50 51,
1962.
, , -1/1098, ,
, 7. 1963.
DAMIP, 1963, str. pov, f-I, 11, Zabeleka o prijemu amerikog Dravnog sekretara za inostrane
poslove Deana Ruska, kod Predsednika Republike, 4. maja 1963, u 19 asova.
69
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The National Archives, (dalje TNA), NY 103 145/6, 172 002, U.S. Visit of President Tito.
, , I-1-2/. (, 1963).
TNA, NY 103 145/7, 172 002.
70
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, 17. 1963.
TNA, NY 103 145/6, 172 002, U. S. Visit of President Tito.
72
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TNA, NY 103 145/5, 172 002; DAMIP, 1963, PA, f-118, 435 263.
, 1963, , -118, 434 446.
, 1963, , -118, 435 263.
77
12/2007.
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Summary
The First Titos Visit to Washington D.C. the Last Kennedys
International Meeting (October 17 1963)
Key words: USA, Yugoslavia, Tito, Kennedy, foreign policy, murder attempt,
blocks, coexistence, international relations
The several years long attempts of the US administration and the Yugoslav
officials to organize Titos visit to the USA was finally realized in fall of 1963
when the leader of Yugoslav Communists met Kennedy in Washington D.C.
after an marathon tour of Latin-American countries. The meeting was used for
resolving the sticking points that marred the relations between the two countries,
jeopardizing seriously their further cooperation.
Although it was an one-day visit, which was formally given an air of a
official meeting on the insistence of the American party, it had a much broader
meaning and political significance. After an ample exchange of opinions and
clarification of contents of imperatives of foreign policy that were guiding their
respective countries, the two presidents managed to reconcile their views and to
35
. . , . ., . 429430.
79
12/2007.
come to terms about the principles which would make up the new platform of
Yugoslav-American relations. Since the fulfillment of the American program of
economic aid for Yugoslavia was a constant source of friction between the two
countries, Tito told Kennedy his country wouldnt insist on this form of bilateral
economic cooperation, but rather on relations founded on mutual commercial
interests. For his part, Kennedy had to reconcile himself with Belgrades intention to establish close relations with the bloc of socialist countries and to
accept that fact as political reality which was by no means aimed against the USA
since it didnt presuppose inclusion of Yugoslavia into military and economic
organizations of those states.
Although the murder in Dallas put the tragic end to Kennedys carrier, the
political premises of his agreement with Tito marked the period that followed,
becoming the key determinants of the Yugoslav-American cooperation.
80
...
327(497.1:437)1968
1968.
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, 21. 1968,
, : , 4
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-. . . ,
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2
1968. . .
(Ljubodrag Dimi, Pogled iz Beograda na ehoslovaku
1968. godine, Tokovi istorije, 2005, br. 34, str. 205232).
Slovansk pehled: Jan Pelikn, Jugoslvie a potek praskho jara
(ledenbezen 1968), Slovansk pehled, 2006, br. 4, str. 567590; Jan Pelikn, Jugoslvie a
eskoslovensk otzka v kvtnu a ervnu 1968, Slovansk pehled, 2007, br. 1.
: Latinka Perovi, Zatvaranje kruga. Ishod politikog rascepa u SKJ 1971/1972,
Sarajevo, 1991, str. 28, 3536; Mik Tripalo, Hrvatsko proljee, Zagreb, 1990, str. 2223, 82;
, , , 1996, . 216217.
9. 1968,
. (Archiv ministerstva zahraninch vc
esk republiky (Praha) /AMZV/, f. Telegramy pijat /TP/, telegram L. imovia od 10. 7.
1968).
1968. .
.
( () //,
1968, . 25, . 1, . 17. 3. 1968).
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Ota ik, Jarn probuzen iluze a skutenost, Prag, 1990, str. 200.
: . . , , .
. O. ik, Jarn probuzen, str. 201.
. AMZV, f. Generln sekretarit 19651969 /GS/, T, k. 3: nesigniran materijal: Zprva o innosti len s. vldy v Blehrad
ve dnech 21.27. srpna 1968 od 30. 8. 1968.
Mik Tripalo, Hrvatsko proljee, Zagreb, 1990, str. 97. - ,
.
AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3: Prohlen len vldy SSR nachzejcch se v Jugoslvii k okupaci
eskoslovenska armdami pti stt Varavsk smlouvy od 22. 8. 1968.
. . .
83
12/2007.
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O tome: AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3: nedatirani materijal: Pokyny z MZV pro leny s. vldy v Blehrad
od 21. 8. 1968 do 27. 8. 1968; zznam z rozhovoru s. ika, Hjka a Vlaska s leny PV SKJ s.
E. Kardeljem, Koou Popoviem, Veljko Vlahoviem 22. 8. 1968.
, , . .
.
- ,
.
AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3: ! 23. 8. 1968.
.
- (Prameny k djinm
eskoslovensk krize 19671970, 8/1: Ondej FELCMAN i kol., Vlda a prezident. Obdob
praskho jara (prosinec 1967 srpen 1968), Prag Brno 2000, /dok. br. 110, 117, 118, 128,
129, 151, 152/ str. 358, 364366, 375379, 394396).
AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3: ,
24. 8. 1968.
, . ,
, - .
. : AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3: nesigniran materijal: Zprva o innosti len s.
vldy v Blehrad ve dnech 21.27. srpna 1968 od 30. 8. 1968.
, 24. 8. 1968.
AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3: telegram L. imovia od 25. 8. 1968; nesigniran materijal: Zprva o
innosti len s. vldy v Blehrad ve dnech 21.27. srpna 1968 od 30. 8. 1968.
84
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[] ,
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V KS, pedsednictvo V KS 19661971, sv. 95, i dr. 157/5:
- 13. 5. 1969, . . 28. 4. 1969).
1969.
- (NA, f. 02/1 V KS, pedsednictvo V KS 19661971, .
103, . 171/18: Zprva komise pedsednictva V KS k pezkoumn a posouzen innosti
s. J. Hjka, s. F. Vlaska, s. . Gaparka a s. J. Trokana v zahrani v prbhu srpnovch
udlost 1968 od 12. 9. 1969, pismo F. Vlaska P. Auerspergu od 5. 8. 1969) ,
.
1968. .
, ;
. (O. ik, Jarn
probuzen, str. 205).
, . (AMZV, f. GS,
T, k. 3: telegram K. Krke od 17. 4. 1969). . -
19671970.
. .
16. 1968. (Ji HOPPE, Od nedvry ke spojenectv a zpt.
eskoslovensko-rumunsk vztahy v letech 19671970, Soudob djiny 6, 1999, str. 456).
85
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. . . .
.
: AMZV, f. TP, telegram . ika, F. Vlaska i . Gaparika od 29. 8. 1968; f. GS, T, k. 3:
nedatirani materijal Pokyny z MZV pro leny s. vldy v Blehrad od 21. 8. 1968 do 27. 8. 1968;
nesignirani materijal Zprva o innosti len s. vldy v Blehrad ve dnech 2127. srpna 1968
od 30. 8. 1968; radni materijal V. Pleskota za sednicu ehoslovake vlade Vyhodnocovn vystupovn len vldy v zahrani v dob mimodnch udlost 7. 3. 1969; Ji Hjek, 1968:
Intervence a odpor, Prag 1994, str. 71, 110111; Ji Hjek, Pamti, Prag 1997, str. 281291.
Mihai Retegan, 1968. Ve stnu Praskho jara. rta k rumunsk zahranin politice, Prag, 2002,
str. 160, 199.
.
(Jan WANNER,
Brenv a vchodn Evropa 19681982, Prag 1995, str. 185)
.
. - 1969.
, -,
. , .
. .
. (, 1969, . 29, . 2.
6. 1969). ,
1968. (,
1968, . 26, . 3, . 17. 3. 1968);
9. 1968.
(AMZV, f. TP, . 10. 7. 1968)
. y
,
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(M. V. Laty, Praskaja vesna 1968 g. i reakcija Kremlja, Moskva, 1998, str. 313).
87
12/2007.
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komise pedsednictva V KS k pezkoumn a posouzen innosti s. J. Hjka, s. F. Vlaska, s.
. Gaparka a s. J. Trokana v zahrani v prbhu srpnovch udlost 1968 od 12. 9. 1969)
AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3: konferencija za tampu prof. O. ika u Beogradu dana 24. 8. 1968.
, -, . ,
, .
AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3: proglas Vem vldm svta, vem svtovm spoleenskm a kulturnm
organizacm.
AMZV, f. P, Telegram . ika od 26. 8. 1968.
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NA, f. 02/1 V KS, pedsednictvo V KS 1966-1971, sv. 103, i dr. 171/18: Zprva komise
pedsednictva V KS k pezkoumn a posouzen innosti s. J. Hjka, s. F. Vlaska, s. .
Gaparka a s. J. Trokana v zahrani v prbhu srpnovch udlost 1968 od 12. 9. 1969, prilog:
pismo L. imovia P. Auerspergu od 27. 8. 1969.
, 1968, . 25, . . 27. 8.
1968.
26. 8.
1968.
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. Gaparka a s. J. Trokana v zahrani v prbhu srpnovch udlost 1968 od 12. 9. 1969).
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pedsednictva V KS k pezkoumn a posouzen innosti s. J. Hjka, s. F. Vlaska, s. .
Gaparka a s. J. Trokana v zahrani v prbhu srpnovch udlost 1968 od 12. 9. 1969, prilog:
pismo L. imovia P. Auerspergu od 27. 8. 1969.
, . , -5-: . 29. 8. 1968.
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1968.
O. IK, Jarn probuzen, str. 210; AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3, nedatirani materijal Pokyny z MZV
pro leny s. vldy v Blehrad od 21. 8. 1968 do 27. 8. 1968; nesignirani materijal Zprva o
innosti len s. vldy v Blehrad ve dnech 21.27. srpna 1968 od 30. 8. 1968; radni materijal
V. Pleskota za sednicu ehoslovake vlade Vyhodnocovn vystupovn len vldy v zahrani
v dob mimodnch udlost od 7. 3. 1969. -
1968. .
. ( : M. V. Laty, Praskaja vesna 1968. g., str. 91)
. (, 1968, . 25, . 2,
. 29. 8. 1968)
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1968.
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srpnovch udlost 1968 od 12. 9. 1969, prilog: pismo L. imovia P. Auerspergu od 27. 8.
1969)
: , . , -5-, . . 2. 9. 1968.
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. . .
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( 7. 2. 2006).
, . , -5-, . . 2. 9. 1968.
O. IK, Jarn probuzen, str. 212213.
98
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. ,
. . .
.
, .
.
. (, 1968, . 26, . 11. 11. 1968).
AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3: radni materijal V. Pleskota za zasedanje ehoslovake vlade: Vyhodnocovn vystupovn len vldy v zahrani v dob mimodnch udlost od 7. 3. 1969; k
tomu t: AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 22, Zprva Komise V KS pro objasnn otzek souvisejcch
s pobytem Oty ika v zahrani, dopis . Gaparka A. Dubekovi z 2.10.1968; vyjden dr.
Ladislava imovie, bvalho velvyslance SSR v Blehrad, ke tem otzkm v souvislosti s
pobytem bvalho mstopedsedy eskoslovensk vldy akademika O. ika v SFRJ ze dne 6. 2.
1969; NA, f. 02/1 V KS, pedsednictvo V KS 19661971, sv. 95, i dr. 157/5: sednica
predsednitva CK KP-a 13. 5. 1969, Souhrnn informace o pobytu a innosti s. O. ika v
zahrani (srpenlistopad 1968); O. ik, Jarn probuzen, str. 213214.
. . (O. ik,
Jarn probuzen, str. 214).
101
12/2007.
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100
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104
105
106
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2. 9. 1968.
.
. (O. ik, Jarn probuzen, str. 213)
.
, 1968, . 25, . 1, . 24. 9. 1968.
. ,
, , . 21. . (NA,
f. 02/1 V KS, pedsednictvo V KS 19661971, sv. 90, i dr. 149/4: Zprva komise V
KS pro objasnn otzek souvisejcch s pobytem s. Oty ika od 12. 3. 1969, prilog: kopija
pisma . Gaparika . Dubeku od 2. 10. 1968).
. (,
1968, . 25, . . 26. 9. 1968).
AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 22: Vyjden dr. Ladislava imovie, bvalho velvyslance SSR v
Blehrad, ke tem otzkm v souvislosti s pobytem bvalho mstopedsedy eskoslovensk
vldy akademika O. ika v SFRJ ze dne 6. 2. 1969; . 28: zapis o primanju . Jakovlevskog kod
. Pudlk 6. 9. 1968; O. IK, Jarn probuzen, str. 213.
, 1968, . 25, . . 26. 9. 1968.
. . ,
, .
21. .
, . , -5-: . 11. 9. 1968.
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-.119 . - .120 -, - 121 (25.
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
Prameny k djinm eskoslovensk krize 19671970, 4/2: J. Vondrov J. Navrtil, Mezinrodn souvislosti eskoslovensk krize 19671970, ervenecsrpen 1968, Brno, 1996, dok. br. 169
(Zapisnik sa zasedanja delegacije SSSR- SSR- 2326. avgusta u Moskvi), str. 271274.
Prameny k djinm eskoslovensk krize 19671970, 8/1: O. Felcman i kol., Vlda a prezident,
Praha Brno, 2000, dok. br. 154, . 398400.
.
AMZV, f. GS, , k. 22: radni materijal za sednicu predsednitva vlad Souhrnn informace o
pobytu a innosti s. O. ika v zahrani /srpenlistopad 1968/ od 10. 12. 1968.
AMZV, f. GS, , k. 3: radni materijal Ministarstva inostranih poslova za sednicu Predsednitva
vlad od 7. 3. 1969.
3. 1968. -
.
- .
. (NA, f. 02/1 V KS, pedsednictvo V KS 1966
1971, sv. 90, i dr. 149/4: zakljuak izvrnog odbora predsednitva CK KP- od 3. 12. 1968).
. ,
.
NA, f. 02/1 V KS, pedsednictvo V KS 1966-1971, sv. 87, i dr. 139/0: zakljuak sednice predsednitva CK KP- od 12. 12. 1968. .
, . , . . . -
.
. -,
-, . , .
- 14. 1. 1969.
. .
.
AMZV, f. GS, T, k. 3: Zprva Komise V KS pro objasnn otzek souvisejcch s pobytem s.
Oty ika v zahrani.
- 25. 3. 1968.
.
1968. 1969. .
. NA, f. 02/6 V
S, - 19681969, . 5, . 17/3:
17. - 25. 3. 1968; . 5, . 4/6:
19. - 8. 4. 1968.
104
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13. 1969.122 .
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121
122
123
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125
126
- 25. 3. 1968.
.
1968. 1969. .
. NA, f. 02/6 V S,
- 19681969, . 5, . 17/3: 17. - 25. 3. 1968; . 5, . 4/6:
19. - 8. 4. 1968.
NA, f. 02/1 V KS, pedsednictvo V KS 1966-1971, . 94, . 157/0: transkript sa
sednice predsednitva CK KP- 13. 5. 1969.
. , . . .
-
. .
NA, f. 02/1 V KS, pedsednictvo V KS 19661971, sv. 103, i dr. 171/18: zakljuak
predsednitva CK KP- od 19. 9. 1969.
1969.
, ,
105
12/2007.
- ,
. 1969.
,
.
Summary
An Attempt at Forming a Core of Czechoslovak Emigration
in Yugoslavia after the Soviet Occupation of Czechoslovakia
in August 1968
Key words: occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Prague spring, exile, Titos oligarchy, Yugoslav-Soviet relations
An influential group of members of the Czechoslovak government, that
happened to be in Yugoslavia at the moment of Czechoslovakias occupation, was
staying in Belgrade between August 21 and 29, 1968. O. ik, J. Hjek, F. Vlask
and F. Gaparik tried to form the core of a future Czechoslovak emigration in
Belgrade. The attitude of the Yugoslav leaders toward this group was ambivalent.
In unofficial talks ik and others won sympathies of all the leading members
of the Yugoslav oligarchy; they were granted the possibility to act in public
(press conference, help for the Foreign Minister Hjek for organizing his trip
to the session of the Security Council of the OUN). However, the real help was
minimal. Titos regime feared above all what Moscows reaction would be.
Thus, for instance, iks request to establish special coded contacts with Prag
was denied. After the so-called Moscow Protocol had been signed, the Yugoslav
regime wanted the members of the Czechoslovak government to return home as
soon as possible. Hjek, Vlask and Gaparik left already on August 29. Otto ik
stayed on in Belgrade in a bizarre exile until early October. (He was formally an
economic adviser to the Embassy in Belgrade, but he never started working at the
Embassy.) The stay of the members of the Czechoslovak government was one
of the major reasons for deterioration of relations between Yugoslavia and the
USSR after September 1968.
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76
77
78
79
80
81
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Hrvatski blok, Rije, 5. prosinca 1921.
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Summary
Utilizing the Perception of the Irish Revolution in
Conflicts between the Serbs and the Croats
Key words: Irish Revolution, Ireland, Britain, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes, the Croat Committee, Stjepan Radi, Milan Shufflay
Croatian Committee in exile and adherents of the ultra-nationalist Franks
party in Yugoslavia were bracing up to combat the Yugoslav state in the 1920s
according to the method that was called Irish. The catchword of Croatian
revolutionaries was to be Sinn Fein. Apart from applying the Irish method, the
Croat territory was also inspired by the Irish political way of solving the national
question. During 1921 and in the first half of 1922 the Croat Peasants Party,
Croat Union, and the Croat Block deemed that the Irish example for solving
the Croat national question was better suited than any other. The reactions of
Serbian and Yugoslav parties aimed at denying the parallels between the Croat
and Irish questions, whereas seldom threats to Croat separatists were heard from
the Democratic Party that the British way of armed struggle would be applied to
crush the sedition. The British Embassy in Belgrade noticed that the Croats were
trying to solve their national question in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes according to the Irish model and it notified its government in London.
100
101
, , 143, I
.
Hrvoje Matkovi, . ., . 157.
132
...
327(497.1:437)1946(093)
1946.
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, 1946, 1947. .1
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, , 1945
1948, , 1994, . 8; , (19451950), , 1998, . 488489; ,
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. , , 2000, . 424427.
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Velebita.
.
AMZVR, f. TOJ, k. 12, s. 320/dv/46.
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Archiv Ministerstva zahraninch vci esk Republiky, (dle AMZVR), fond: Teritorilni odbor Jugoslvie 19451959, (dle TO J), karton (dle k) 12, slo 537/B/46, Nvtva generla
Velebita.
.
AMZVR, f. TOJ, k. 12, s. 320/dv/46.
AMZVR, f. TOJ, k. 12, s. 631/dv/46; Nvtva marla Tita v Polsku a v SR.
AMZVR, f. TOJ, k. 12, s. 424/dv/46.
( ), ( ), 1946. , ( ) 18, . .
4522.
AMZVR, f. TOJ, k. 12; Program pobytu; ( ), :
( ), I1/6,
.
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9
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.
Nrodn archiv, (dle NA), fond: Ministerstvo informac 19451953, Praha, (dle MI), k. 39,
inv. slo 84, . 61419, Recepce u pleitosti nvtvy p. marla Tita.
NA, f. MI, k. 39, inv. is. 84, . 61419, Projev p. marla J. B. Tita.
, , I1/6,
(, 18. 21. 1946.);
(, 21. 1946).
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137
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.
Slovansk pehled, asopis pro poznvni politichho, socialnho a kulturnho ivota slovanskch nrod a stat, vydva: Slovansk vbor v Praze, ronik XXXII, 1946, islo 34, str. 199.
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NA, f. MI, k. 39, inv. is. 84, . 61419; Kino, Filmov obrzkov asopis, ronik I, 1946, str. 150;
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, , IXII, , 1959, . II/192193; , 25.
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, , IXII , , 1959, . II/195197; , 26.
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, 1985, . 7880.
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, , 7. 1946.
30. 1946.
AMZVR, f. TOJ, k. 12, s. 598/dv/46, Zprva TK o nvtv marla Tita v Praze.
, , I1/6,
/ , 3. 1946.
152
...
Summary
The Visit of Josip Broz Tito to Czechoslovakia in March 1946
Key words: Josip Broz Tito, Edvard Bene, Czechoslovakia, Federal Peoples
Republic of Yugoslavia, visit to Prague, treaty on friendship
Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia found their place within the complex
political situation during the first years after WWII in forging mutual ties with
the peoples democracies, countries of South-Eastern and Eastern Europe
which were under the influence of the Soviet Union. Diplomatic contacts and
visits played an important role in such interconnecting and eternal looking up
to the big power from the East. One such visit was that of Josip Broz Tito to the
Czechoslovak Republic on March 20 to 24, 1946. The stay in Czechoslovakia
enabled Marshal Tito and the Yugoslav delegation to get acquainted with the
Czechoslovak culture, tradition and customs, and to lay foundations for further
development of relations between Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia in their talks
with Czechoslovak statesmen. During the four-day visit Marshal Tito visited most
of the important historical places and cultural monuments in Prague, assisted at
cultural manifestations and military parades, visited well-known Czechoslovak
factories and held speeches to the people of Prague and Bratislava. One of the
fruits of the agreement of the Yugoslav and Czechoslovak officials was the
signing of the Treaty of Friendship and Mutual Cooperation in Belgrade on May
9, 1946, which hitched up the existing cooperation to a higher level. Connecting
of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia and regulating of international relations
through legal acts, which followed in 1946 and 1947, meant at the same time the
establishing of good relations in all other fields: economy, trade, science, culture
and arts.
153
12/2007.
327(497.1:620)1953/1956(093)
355.02(497.1:620)1953/1956(093
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1954. , . 18, 1955. , . 13, 1956. , . 15, 16, 17 18.
, , 1953. , . I, 1954. , . I 1955. , . I.
B. Dimitrijevi, JNA od Staljina do NATO pakta. Armija u spoljnoj politici Titove Jugoslavije
19451958, Beograd, 2006.
. , 19451991, , 2001.
: 1) H. Hahn, The United
States, Great Britain and Egypt, 19451956, North Carolina, 1991. 2) P. Mansfield, Nassers
155
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158
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1913. , 1999.
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159
12/2007.
.
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, , 1955. , . 13, 413805.
, , 1954. , . 18, 413545.
, , 1954. , . 18, 414311.
161
12/2007.
.51
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, .
, ,
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1955. ,
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5.839 , 12,29 6.457,08 , 123,20
242.831,91 , 1.030.840
, 24
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. 40.000
, 20.000
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.
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, , I 2/5, . 80.
, , I 2/5, . 79.
, , I 2/5, . 80.
, , 10, . 376, . I, 21.
, , 10, . 376, . I, 55.
162
- 19531956.
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163
12/2007.
71
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- 19531956.
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.
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,
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81
82
K. Kyle, Suez. Britains End of Empire in the Middle East, London, 2003, pp. 185188.
, , 10, . 376, . I, 932.
, , 10, . 376, . I, 968.
, , 10, . 376, . I, 1228, 1237, 2451, 2536 2561.
, , 10, . 376, . I, 2953.
, , 10, . 376, . I, 974.
, , 10, . 377, . I, 781.
, , 10, . 377, . I, 1005.
, , 10, . 377, . I, 1031.
165
12/2007.
-
.
-
.
1953. , ,
1955. .
10. 1954, 1955.
.
, ,
,
, (
), ,
,
.83
-
, .
.84
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19 .85 ,
-
.
.
400
.
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84
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, , I 2/5, . 79.
, , 1955. , . 13, 412485.
166
- 19531956.
. ,
,
.86
,
,
. ,
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.88 300
27. Al Maroussa
.
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,
.
.
, 28. 1955. .89
, . 1955.
.
,
. ,
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, .
,
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86
87
88
89
90
91
167
12/2007.
1952. - .
1953,
1954. 1955. . ,
,
, .
, . ,
,
,
, . , 1955.
,
.
, .
?
?
?
? -
?
?
168
- 19531956.
Summary
Military Relations between Yugoslavia and Egypt 19531956
Key words: Middle East, military relations, Egypt, Yugoslavia, Marko Nikezi,
Asim Hodi
Immediately after the military revolution in 1952 the Egyptian state and
society experienced deep political, economic, social and military reforms. Within
the framework of the general reform, the revolutionary government paid special
attention to increasing its military clout. Since the Western powers refused to sell
arms to Egypt on account of its conflict with Great Britain over the withdrawal
of troops from the zone of the Suez Canal, and since no closer contacts were
established with the Soviet Union and its allies, Yugoslavia tried to sell products
of its military industry in the Egyptian market, as well as the obsolete weaponry
and military equipment from the WWII which didnt seem to be fit for further
use.
The military cooperation between Yugoslavia and Egypt was ushered by
the visit of an Egyptian delegation in Yugoslavia in August 1953. A productive,
albeit one-sided military and technical cooperation started to bear first fruits by
the end of that year. By the end of the Suez crisis, during which the military
cooperation took another turn, Yugoslavia managed to export to Egypt larger
quantities of infantry and anti-tank weapons with corresponding ammunition,
explosives, raw materials necessary for arms industry, ships and equipment necessary for upkeep of these articles. Attempts were made at lending Yugoslav
technical support for building up Egyptian military industry. In late 1954 military
delegations were established in Cairo and Belgrade. As special means of military
propaganda an exhibition of photographs and show of films about the Yugoslav
Peoples Army were organized in Egypt. Education of Egyptian military personnel
started since 1955. The level the military relations between Yugoslavia and Egypt
have reached was just a beginning of much broader and more dynamic military
ties between the two countries in the following decades.
169
12/2007.
392.65(497.11)19(093.2)
176.5(497.11)19(093.2)
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1930, . 215; Dragan Radulovi, Prostitucija u Jugoslaviji, Beograd, 1986, str. 720.
170
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171
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173
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1884, 1900.
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Radulovi, n. d., str. 171174; , . ., . 1013).
, 18661915, , 1969, . 820826.
, , , 2002, . 21.
174
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175
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.
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176
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177
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. 160161, 173.
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179
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n. d., str. 176178.
, , 40, . 13049, 380/29.
180
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183
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Dragan Radulovi, n. d., str. 181183.
, , 20, . 325/45.
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, 1945. , , X, , 1979, . 396.
184
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Dragan Radulovi, n. d., str. 4041.
, - , 5.
2007. .
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186
XX
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187
12/2007.
XX .
. .
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. , , , . 12, , 22.
1996, . 7.
, , , 2. 2004.
Milo Timotijevi, Karneval u Gui: sabor trubaa 19612004, aak, 2005, str. 279280.
188
XX
,
.
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. , ,
. XX
,
.
XX
, .
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,
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, .
Summary
Prostitution in aak during 20th Century
Key words: Prostitution, Brothels, cafs, disease, moral
Organized prostitution in aak appeared in local cafs in late 19th and
early 20th centuries. Waitresses were also prostitutes. The town government newer
gave permission for a real brothel to be opened although such attempts were
not lacking. When prostitution was effectively outlawed by regulations against
transmission of venereal diseases in 1930, prostitutes in aak were occasionally
arrested, forced to undergo medical examinations and expelled from the town.
Street prostitution wasnt rife, but it did exist.
The collapse of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and German occupation
didnt oust prostitution from aak. The occupying authorities only issued the
decree in summer 1941 that girls under 18 be removed from brothels. When
189
12/2007.
the communists briefly controlled the town during the uprising, they installed
prostitutes in hospitals as auxiliary personnel. This was then used by the quisling
press to write about debauchery of the partisans in aak.
After 1945 prostitution was officially banned, but it survived illegally,
in the form of pimping at private homes, and later on in cafs. In early 1970s
particularly prostitution of minors was on the rise, whereas customers were
respectable citizens. At the same time, pornography, being an indirect way of
buying female bodies, experienced speedy increase.
Prostitutes from abroad came to aak in late 20th century, whereas
increasing number of local girls evinced open hedonism and sexual relations for
material gains, which were in fact prostitution.
190
930.2
Historiography
,
:
,
,
. , ,
.
: , , ,
, ,
,
, ,
, , .1
,
.
, , ,
, , , , ,
.
. ,
1
. . , , , . 4, 1984, . 251.
: . , :
18811950; , 2006, . 710.
191
12/2007.
,
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7 2
5
6
7
: . , , ,
1986, . 10.
: . , . ,
, . 2, , 1994, . 165.
. , , (),
. XIII, . 7, 1. 1904, . 520.
. . , , . 1, , 1985, . 11.
. , . XIX , , 2003, . 5.
. , , ,
, 1988, . 52.
192
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8
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. I, , 1991, . 17347.
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1990; . , , ..., 56 , , 1973; ,
, ..., 46 , II, , 1975;
. , , , 1998; .
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200
Summary
Biographies in Serbian Historigraphy
Key words: Biographies, historiography, historical personages, private life,
memories, memoirs
Until recently, biographies as a historical genre, were much more present
in the world than in Serbian historiography. Thanks to its development, better
knowledge of the modern historiographical streams and better insight into the
rich theoretical and methodological literature, improvements occurred in this
field during the past one or two decades. Many historical personages, above all
those who left a deep imprint in the history of the Serbian people, but also those
whose creative life was spent in shade, became subjects of research. Starting from
the experiences of foreign researchers, as well as from quite rich experiences of
the national historiography, historians started using biographies, not only to save
valuable individuals from oblivion, but also to start talking in a different way about
the times those people had lived in, the ideas that guided them, and intellectual and
political circles they had mingled with. Achieving such knowledge is in the first
place hindered by often scanty historical sources, but also by personal limitations.
It is often difficult for a historian to grasp the magnitude of historical changes,
exempting his hero from collectiveness of events, feelings, ups and downs of a
nation. Furthermore, biography allowing for artistic license, requires particular delicacy toward other peoples privacy, as well as an excellent author
capable of creating a convincing portrait to which other scholarly disciplines,
particularly psychology and sociology, must contribute.
201
12/2007.
T
The Ethics of History, , (David Carr, Thomas R. Flyn,
Rudolf A. Makkreel).1 (Jrn Rsen) :
(Responsibility and Irresponsibility in Historical Studies: A Critical Consideration of the Ethical Demension in the Historians Work).2
,
.
, e . ,
.3
David Carr, Thomas R. Flynn, Rudolf A. Makkreel (eds.), The Ethics of History, Northwestern
University Press, Evanston, Illinois, 2004.
Jrn Rsen, Responsibility and Irresponsibility in Historical Studies: A Critical Consideration
of the Ethical Dimension in the Historians Work, The Ethics of History, Illinois, 2004.
: Jrn Rsen, Fr eine erneuerte Historik: Studien zr Theorie der Geschichtswissenschaft, Stuttgart, 1976; Historische Vernunft: Grundzge
einer Historik I, Die Grundlagen der Geschichtswissenschaft, Gttingen, 1983; Rekonstruktion
der Vergangenheit: Grundzge einer Historik II, Die Prinzipien der historischen Forschung,
Gttingen, 1986; Lebendige Geschichte: Grundzge einer Historik III, Formen un Funktionen
des historischen Wissens, Gtingen, 1989; Zeit und Sinn, Strategien historischen Denkens,
Frankfurt am Main, 1990; Geschichte im Kulturprozess, Bohlau, 2002; History, Narration Interpretation Orientation, (Making Sense of History), New York, 2005.
202
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Es gab Geschichtsschreiber von allen Parteien, aber es gab keine objektiven, unparteiischen,
blut-und nervenlosen Historiker mahr. Ein hchst erheblicher Fortschritt! Denn co gewi der
echte Historiker nicht ohne sittliche Gesinnung heranreifen kann, so gewi gibt es keine echte
Gesinnung ohne ein bestimmtes Verhltnis zu den weltbewegenden Fragen der Religion, der
Politik, der Nationalitt... (Heinrich von Sybel, ber den Stand der neueren deutschen Geschichtsschreibung, in Kleine historische Schriften, 3rd. ed., (Stuttgart, 1880, 354).
: Jrn Rsen, Vom Umgang mit den Anderen zum Stand der Menschenrechte
heute... Interntationale Schulbuchforschung, 15 (1993), 16778.
205
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Summary
On Historical Changeability of the Balkans
as a Political Metaphor
Key words: the Balkans, Ottoman Empires, borders, nationalism, Europe
The Balkan question became relevant once again in the late 20th century.
Judging by an ample literature on the subject, it is plain that there is no common
opinion as to where and what the Balkans is. Depending on the context and on
the author, it is obvious that its geographic borders arent generally accepted, i.e.
that several borders are to be found within the contents of the term: historical
borders (which changed in various periods of time), borders between religions,
civilizations, peoples, alphabets, mentalities, ideologies etc. The borders of the
Balkans are usually connected to the territory that used to belong to the Ottoman
Empire, even though, large divergence from geographical limits of the space can
be observed, particularly when ideological borders are in question. Due to their
changeability and incongruence of these multifarious borderlines, the notion of
the Balkans isnt precise and should be met with caution.
The same goes for the political metaphor of the Balkans which also
changed historically and politically during the past. There isnt permanency of
nationalism and violence, although it is its primary contents. Balkan nationalisms
were simultaneous with European ones at the time the creation of nations and
nation-states was in keeping with modern ideas and were considered one of the
human rights. The metaphor is in keeping with politics and historical context that
changed, so that its contents cant be regarded as constant.
220
930.2:004.738.5
930:004.65
Methodology
, -,
: , ,
.
: , , ,
,
World Wide
Web-,
,
, ,
. ,
XX 1 ,
1
history and
computing historical information science, historische Fachinformatik,
, geschiedenis en informatica historische informationkunde ,
je , , .
, .
, . : Onno Boonstra, Leen Breurea and Peter Doorn, Past, present and future
of historical information science, Amsterdam, 2004, . 18, 2. VII 2004, <http://www.niwi.
knaw.nl/en/geschiedenis/medewerkers/peter_doorn_home_page/new_0_copy1/past_present_
future_of_historical_information_science/new/> (26. XI 2005).
221
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1994. (Morris Pierce),
,
. (George Welling),
, .
, (From Revolution to Reconstruction),
. : Daniel J. Cohen, Roy Rosenzweig, Exploring the History Web, : Digital History. A Guide to Gathering,
Preserving, and Presenting the Past on the Web, <http://chnm.gmu.edu/digitalhistory/exploring/1.php#_edn> (18. XI 2005).
Mirjana Gross, Historijska znanost. Razvoj, oblik, smjerovi, Zagreb, 1980, . 304305.
Aleksandra Fostikov, Nenad Milenovi, The citation guide for Internet sources in History
and other sciences, , 7, , 2005, <http://elib.mi.sanu.ac.yu/files/journals/
ncd/5/d010download.pdf> (31. VIII 2006).
HTML - Hypertext Markup Language skup simbola za markaciju ili kodova umetnutih u
dokument, koji se prezentuju na stranici za pretraivanje na Web-u. Zbog ovoga veina dokumenata na Web-u sadri sufiks .HTML, ili .HTM.
222
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223
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2.
CD ROM-
,
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. . , , : MLA (Modern Language Association), APA (American Psychological Association), CBE (Council of
Biology Editors), Style for Documentation in Science and Mathematics, Chicago
Manual of Style .9 Kao ,
. , ,
(Maurice Crouse),
,
.10
. ,
. 2003. , (The Chicago Manual
of Style), .11
9
10
11
,
o Web : Dartmouth College, Sources 1998, Citing Your Sources. Lesson 6, <http://camellia.shc.edu/literacy/tablesversion/lessons/lesson6/citationstyles.htm> (27. XI 2005).
Maurice Crouse, Citing Electronic Information in History Papers, 4. VIII 2006, <http://history.memphis.edu/mcrouse/elcite.html> (26. III 2007).
4. 2006. ,
.
,
2002. , .
: Melvin E. Page, A Brief Citation Guide for Internet Sources in History and the Humanities
(Version 2.1), 20. 2. 1996,<http://www.h-net.org/~africa/citation.html> (26. III 2007).
Maurice Crouse, Citing Electronic Information in History Papers, 4. VIII 2006, <http://history.
memphis.edu/mcrouse/elcite.html> (26. III 2007).
224
,
, .
, , : , , (update-a) , , , ( ).
:
University of Michigan, Travels in Southeastern Europe, : The Humanities
Text Initiative, 9. VI 2004, <http://www.hti.umich.edu/b/bosnia/> (4. IX
2006).
Roger A. Griffin, Finding Primary Sources on the Internet, : Using the Internet
as a resource for historical research and writing, Austin 1999, <http://
www.austincc.edu/history/inres04prm.html> (12. VI 2005).
Stefan Baschke, The History Journals Guide. Starting Page, 16. XI 2005, <http://
www.history-journals.de/> (5. XII 2005).
,
:
; , ,
web ; / ; web , . URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
.
(. URL-)
.
, ,
, , :
Frank Cain, Computers and the Cold War: United States Restrictions on the
Export Computers to the Soviet Union and Communist China, : Journal
of Contemporary History, Vol. 40, No. 1, 131147 (2005), ,
<http://jch.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/40/1/131.pdf> (23. IX 2006).
Vladimir Jovanovi, Maloletniko prestupnitvo u Srbiji krajem XIX veka, :
Godinjak za drutvenu istoriju, godina VIII, sveska 12, Beograd, 2001,
. 1930, <http://www.udi.org.yu/articles/v_jovanovic.pdf> (16. III 2007).
a web
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225
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, . :
Roger A. Griffin, Finding Primary Sources on the Internet, : Using the Internet
as a resource for historical research and writing, Austin 1999, <http://
www.austincc.edu/history/inres04prm.html> (12. VI 2005).
, , : ,
19451958, , ,
<http://www.photo-propaganda.com/lik_sve.php> (15. III 2007).
, , ,
:
, 19451958,
, , <http://www.photo-propaganda.com/lik_sve.
php> (15. III 2007).
,
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12
Maurice Crouse, Citing Electronic Information in History Papers, 4. VIII 2006, <http://history.
memphis.edu/mcrouse/elcite.html> (27. III 2007).
226
.
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, , 1.
1970. , .13
HTML .14 , .PDF .
( HTML, .PDF),
.
:
CWIHP (Cold War International History Project) Virtual Archive, Report on
the talk between Henry Kissinger and Mirko Tepavac held on an airplane
en route from Zagreb, : Collection: Yugoslavia in the Cold War, 2007,
<http://wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=va2.doc
ument&identifier=9770FB78-A517-DB4B-DE4C6DBC109FD1BE&sor
t=Collection&item=Yugoslavia%20in%20the%20Cold%20War> (28. III
2007).
, .PDF-:
CWIHP (Cold War International History Project) Virtual Archive, Zabeleka o
razgovoru sa Henri Kisnger-om, voenim u etvrtak, 1. oktobra 1970.,
u avionu na povratku iz Zagreba, : Collection: Yugoslavia in the Cold
War, 2007, <http://wilsoncenter.org/topics/va2/docs/1970_10_01_f.pdf >
(28. III 2007).
. (Seton Hall University) (Russian and
East European Studies Program),
. -
, 20. 1699. .
13
14
227
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228
(search engines).15
URL ,
. ,
, .
(Discussion logs for H-AHC)
: , , 1997. .16 ,
, 2005.
http://kleio.dcn-asu.ru/aik.
, . ,
Google-,
(http://kleio.asu.ru/index.html),
.
* * *
, , ,
, , .
.
e-mail - < e-mail >,
, (subject) e-mail-a, e-mail
( ) <e-mail >:
<iskender@Eunet.yu>, 12. 2002, Re:
consilium !, e-mail <smandic@sombor.com> .
<bracasole@yahoo.com>, 8. 2004, Re: Istoricari u
mrezi, e-mail <so.smandic@neobee.net> .
<aleks.fostikov@gmail.com>, 11. 2005, abstrakt,
e-mail <mslobo@verat.net>.
email- , . , ,
. email-
, ,
15
16
229
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, .
(Maurice Crouse)
,
, ,
e-mail .
E-mail list - ( , . nick)
< e-mail >, e-maila, e-maila, list ,
:
Balkan Academic News <balkans@gmx.net>, [balkans] Job: Eastern European
History, McGill University, 07 Nov 2005, to< balkans@yahoogroups.
com>, distribution list, 14 Nov 2005.
h-ahc editor <koster@mail.h-net.msu.edu>, H-AHC: History in the Digital
Age, UNL Pauley Symposium, 2122 September 2006, 08 Sep 2006,
H-NET Discussion List for Association for History and Computing
<H-AHC@h-net.msu.edu> 10. III 2007.
, , -
( nick) < e-mail >, , // <
>, ,
URL , :
Benjamin Arbel <arbel@post.tau.ac.il>, Mediterranean Historical Review - Call
for Papers, H-Mediterranean <H-mediterranean@MMSH.UNIV-AIX.
FR>, 6. III 2007, H-Net Discussion Networks Mediterranean, <http://
h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-mediterranean&mo
nth=0703&week=a&msg=bZ42s4mRSYjbIqzkgRHP5w&user=&pw=>
(30. III 2007).
H-Soz-u-Kult (Ralf Wolz) <ralfwolz@ZEDAT.FU-BERLIN.DE>, CFP: Ottoman Empire & Habsburg Monarchy [x-H-SOZ-U-KULT], H-LEVANT
Editor <schad@mail.h-net.msu.edu>, 13 Oct 2002, H-Levant Discussion
Logs, <http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Levan
t&month=0210&week=b&msg=QUzPWgduAx8Scr5sGkNvfg&user=&
pw=> (25. 11. 2006).
17
18
Maurice Crouse, Citing Electronic Information in History Papers, 7. VII 2004, <http://history.
memphis.edu/mcrouse/elcite.html> (13. X 2006).
.
230
231
12/2007.
***
.
.
Summary
Problem of Quoting Electronic Information
Key words: Internet, electronic information, quoting, information technologies,
historiography.
Living and working in contemporary digital environment is inevitably
marked by growing impact of informational technologies in each segment of
society. Internet expansion, as the largest global informational resource, and the
digital revolution that took place in the last decade of the XX century, besides
opening, by that time inconceivably large opportunities in the field of research, also
brought up numerous problems concerning the application of new technologies in
historical research. The subject of this article is the problem of quoting electronic
information, a problem that a growing number of our researchers face each day.
We are trying to explain, as simple as possible, what the problems that historians
inevitably face when quoting electronic sources and literature are. There are, also,
suggestions about how to quote, followed by pertinent examples. We pointed out
at the new types of historical sources (e-mail, forums, discussion lists, electronic
conferences, public comments, blogs). Suggestions are made on how to quote
such sources. Avoiding taking given suggestions as final and only valid, we advise
historians to be consistent and to stick to one chosen way of quoting, as well as to
be ready to take challenges that contemporary historiography faces.
232
V. KORJANEC
JUGOSLOVANSKO-ITALIJANSKA POGAJANJA...
341.322(497.1:450)(091)
327(497.1:450)1974/1977
341.24(497.1:450)1975
Supplements
JUGOSLOVANSKO-ITALIJANSKA POGAJANJA
O DOKONNOSTI MEJE
Dr Viljenka KORJANEC
Gimnazija Beigrad, Ljubljana
APSTRAKT: Autorica u vom radu predstavl teak pregovaraki put, koji
se i pored prekida u diplomatskim pregovorima na kraju uspeno zavrio
potpisivanjem Osimskih sporazuma 1975. i njihovom ratifikacijom 1977. godine. Do tada otvoreno pitanje granice izmeu Jugoslavije i Italije bilo je definitivno reeno. Italija je priznala sukcesiju sporazuma i sa Slovenijom, kasnije j pokuavala da revidira sporazume i dalje postavljala nove zahteve.
Kljune rei: Jugoslavija, Italija, Slovenija, pitanje granica, Osimski
sporazum, hladni rat
Dostopnost virov
Na italijanski strani je razvidno pomanjkanje tudij o genezi Osimskih
sporazumov (OS), ki bi temeljile na diplomatskih fondih.1 Na jugoslovanski
strani so se ohranili izvirni diplomatski dokumenti, ki pa so zaradi posebnosti
pogajalskega procesa in v izogib vednosti italijanskega zunanjega ministrstva dolgo
ostali nepoznani. V zvezi z dokumenti za genezo Osima je Milo Mini, tedanji
zunanji minister, 26. julija 2001 v Beogradu izjavil, da v Zveznem sekretariatu za
zunanje zadeve (ZSZZ) bive Jugoslavije lahko najdemo le tiste dokumente, ki so
bili sporazumno sprejeti na tajnih pogajanjih, ko so bili dokumenti e podpisani
in obe ambasadi o tem obveeni.2 Minieva izjava se dopolnjuje tudi z izjavo
1
233
12/2007.
234
V. KORJANEC
JUGOSLOVANSKO-ITALIJANSKA POGAJANJA...
V. korjanec, Jugoslovansko-italijanski odnosi v lui dubrovnikega sreanja zunanjih ministrov 1973, v: Zgodovinski asopis, Ljubljana 2001, l. 55, t. 3-4, str. 465-487.
235
12/2007.
10
V. korjanec, Neuspeh jugoslovansko-italijanskih diplomatskih pogajanj v letu 1973, v: Zgodovinski asopis, Ljubljana, 2003, l. 57, t. 1-2, str. 147-162.
Govor predsednika Tita v Sarajevu, 15. 4. 1974: Odloen odgovor naih narodov na revanistine
poskuse Italije, v: Spoljnopolitika dokumentacija, Beograd 1974, t. 2. Izdanje Instituta za
medunarodnu politiku i privredu, str. 87-92.
236
V. KORJANEC
JUGOSLOVANSKO-ITALIJANSKA POGAJANJA...
237
12/2007.
Bistvo pogajanj je predstavljala pogajalska triada. Italijansko pogojevanje dokonnosti mejnega vpraanja z ustanovitvijo industrijske cone je jugoslovanska stran povezala z zahtevo po raziritvi doloil Posebnega statuta iz
leta 1954 tudi na ozemlje izven bive cone A STO, kjer ivi slovenska manjina
v Italiji. Nepopustljivost jugoslovanske strani je podaljala pot do sporazuma
za nekaj mesecev, saj brez doloila o posebnem manjinskem lenu ni hotela
konati pogajanj. Italija ni elela take dolobe v pogodbi, saj bi zanjo pomenila
mednarodno obvezo, vpraanje manjinske zaite bi raje reevali z unilateralnimi obveznostmi (preambula, mednarodne univerzalne deklaracije, parlamentarna
sveana izjava). Jugoslovanska zahteva po manjinskem lenu je pomenila
prekinitev pogajanj, vendar so po kratki krizi italijanske vodilne politine stranke
vendarle naelno pristale na manjinski len, igar vsebina bi veljala za slovensko
manjino v Italiji.
Glede morske meje je italijanska stran na Strmolu zahtevala spremembo
izhodinih tok za razdelitev teritorialnih voda zaradi ugreza tekih tankerjev
pri plovbi v pristanii Trst in Tri. (Pokazalo pa se je, da so si predvsem eleli zagotoviti ira ribolovna podroja na nai strani, kjer je veji ribji fond.)
Jugoslovanska stran je odklonila ta argument in odobrila koridorje skozi svoje
morje (od rta Savudrije mimo Debelega rtia). To koncesijo je kasneje potrdila
tudi Republika Slovenija.
Na Strmolu so pripravili skupna besedila sporazuma o vseh odprtih vpraanjih med dravama in pogajanja bi bila lahko konana. Italijanska stran bi morala
le e potrditi dogovorjeno, vendar so zahtevali e drugo fazo ponovnih pogajanj
marca 1975 v Dubrovniku, kljub temu, da so sprva prosili le za formalni sestanek
proceduralne narave med pooblaencema. V nadaljevanju je jugoslovanska stran
morala pristati na okleeno vsebino manjinskega lena, del vsebine so prenesli
v preambulo. Dubrovnik je bil izbran simbolino, da se tudi Hrvaka pojavi v
delu pooblaencev. Kljub zagotovilu italijanskega pooblaenca, da so s tem
izrpane vse njihove zahteve, so v Farnesini aprila ob urejanju besedil skuali
posei v e dogovorjene vsebine slednjih.
Kljub temu pa v tretji fazi pogajanj med pooblaencema v Strunjanu
italijanska stran ni ve skuala spreminjati dogovorjenih vsebin tekstov. Jugoslovanska stran je v korist Italije le sprejela ozemeljski popravek na Sabotinu in
s tem omogoila parafiranje tekstov sporazuma. V Strunjanu torej e sledimo
uradnim diplomatskim pogajanjem, ko sta oba politina pooblaenca postala
vodji dravnih delegacij (pooblastilna dokumenta obema pogajalcema s strani
politinih vrhov sta bila napisana kasneje). Narava pogajanj se je spremenila v
diplomatska in se konala s parafiranjem meddravnega sporazuma v francoskem
diplomatskem jeziku. Pogajanja so potekala v protokolarni stavbi Izvrnega sveta Slovenije e vedno v najveji tajnosti. Strunjan so izbrali zato, ker je sodil v
cono B STO. V Strunjanu so bili parafirani dokumenti na uradnem papirju obeh
238
V. KORJANEC
JUGOSLOVANSKO-ITALIJANSKA POGAJANJA...
239
12/2007.
14
15
Dimitrij Rupel, Uvodni nagovor, v: Osimo mednarodne in lokalne razsenosti ob 30-letnici sporazumov. Mednarodni znanstveni sestanek. Ljubljana, Koper, 10.-11. november 2005.
Glasnik ZRS, Koper, l. 10, t. 7, str. 13.
Ve o uresnievanju Osimskih sporazumov danes T. Poljak, Trideset let kasneje. Organiziranost
Jugoslavije in Slovenije za izvajanje Osimskih sporazumov, v: Svobodna misel, Ljubljana 2005,
l. 43, t. 21, str. 9-10.
Osimski sporazumi, Serija XIV, 4. zv. Knjinica Skupine SFRJ, Beograd 1977, Sekretariat za
informacije skupine SFRJ; Osimski sporazumi. rtomir Kolenc (ur.). Zaloba Lipa, Koper
1977.
240
V. KORJANEC
JUGOSLOVANSKO-ITALIJANSKA POGAJANJA...
241
12/2007.
242
V. KORJANEC
JUGOSLOVANSKO-ITALIJANSKA POGAJANJA...
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Summary
Alexander Solzhenitsyns The Red Wheel and his
rehabilitation of Stolypin
Key words: USSR, Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the October Revolution, Peter
Stolipyn, the Red Wheel, Gulag
Although his world glory came with The Gulag Archipelago, The
Red Wheel has to be considered magnum opus of the famous Russian writer
Alexander Solzhenitsyn. In this colossal work, divided in the four knots (the
detailed accounts of relatively brief periods), Solzhenitsyn presents his own view
on the revolution of 1917, derived from his lasting and patient researches of
historical evidence.
A considerable part of the first knot of The Red Wheel, August
1914, is devoted to Peter Stolypin, the Russian Prime Minister (19061911),
whom Solzhenitsyn admires with great intensity and, occasionally, lack of reserve. In contrast with the Soviet and partly in contrast with the Western historiography, Solzhenitsyn emphasizes the positive sides of Stolypins controversial
statesmanship. He staunchly defends Stolypins method of using courts martial
in his war against the revolutionary terrorism as inevitable and necessary.
Surprisingly, Solzhenitsyn mostly respects Stolypins agrarian reform which
authorized peasants to leave the anachronistic land communes: although he could
be regarded as belonging to the Slavophile tradition of the 19th century, he rejects
the ideal of land commune that Slavophiles uncritically admired.
259
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: Gerald Stourz, Um Einheit und Freiheit. Staatsvertrag, Neutralitt und das Ende der Ost-West-Besetzung sterreichs, 19451955, Wien, 1998.
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Mirko Blagojevi, Religijske promene u postkomunizmu sluaj pravoslavlja na primeru Srbije i Crne Gore i Rusije, Filozofija i drutvo, XXIIXXIII/2003, Beograd, 2003, str. 242243.
, ,
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, , , : 19902003,
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, ?, , . 7, , 14. 1986,
. 7.
282
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