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Level 1 Training
Developed By: Ryan Stauffer Application Engineer Commercial Operations Measuring Systems Group Additional Information Peter Hughes Training Officer Measuring Systems Group
Course Objectives
Course Objectives
Understand why and how a Probe Qualification is performed Get a thorough understanding of how we create Part Alignments Understand how PC-DMIS handles Solid Geometry Learn how to Edit your part programs Write a logical, organized part program from beginning to end
Y X X
10
Y
5 10 5 0 | | | | 5 | | | | 10
10 X=0 Y=0 5 10
5
Y
10 5 | | | | 0 | | | | 5 10 00
0 Z=5
Contact Broken
Mechanical Probes such as the TP2 contain 3 electrical contacts. When the stylus is deflected, at least one of the contacts is broken. At this instant, the machines X, Y, and Z scales are read. These values represent the ball center position of the stylus at the time of contact.
Touch Probe Example #2 : Crashing into part with high velocity Bent probe tip OUCH !!!
Probe Qualifications
Probe Qualification
PROBE QUALIFICATION is the process of defining effective probe diameter and position of the probe tip for measurement. To accomplish this, a qualification artifact with a known diameter is measured with the probe tip to be qualified.
Probe with Unknown Position and Diameter to be Qualified Artifact with Known Diameter, Traceable to National Standards
Probe Qualification
Ball Centre coordinates at each measurement point around the artifact are compared to the known artifact diameter. The effective probe diameter is calculated from the difference between this diameter and the diameter of the spherical pattern of the measured points.
Probe Qualification
Y PLUS
X MINUS
X PLUS
Y MINUS Z MINUS
ORIGIN
What Is A Working Plane The working plane is the view that you are currently looking from, for instance if you wish to measure the top surface of a part, then you are working in the ZPLUS working plane. If you are measuring features in the front face you are in the YMINUS working plane. This selection is important when you are working in polar coordinates, because PcDmis uses the working plane to decide where Zero Degrees (start point) is for that work plane.
* In the Zplus plane, zero deg is in the +X direction and 90 deg is in the +Y direction. * In the Xplus plane, zero deg is in the +Y direction and 90 deg is in the +Z direction. * In the Yplus plane, zero deg is in the -X direction and 90 deg is in the +Z direction.
45 deg
180 deg
0 deg
+Y
315 deg
+X
Vectors
K
Directional Cosines
J
Vectors
Z (+K direction)
The directions of a Directions of features vector relate to for the three and directions axes ofapproach the coordinate probe to a system. The I direction point are represented is the direction of by VECTORS. Athe X axis, can J direction is the vector be thought direction of 1 Y,unit andlong, K is of as a line the direction of the pointing in the Z axis. of the vector. direction
Y (+J direction)
X (+I direction)
Vectors
ZZ (+K direction) (+K direction)
Cosine of 45o
Angle
Normal Vector
Introduced Error
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 Magnitude of error introduced by not probing normal to surface 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0003 0.0019 0.0038 0.0057 0.0076 0.0077 0.0154 0.0231 0.0309 0.0176 0.0353 0.0529 0.0709 0.0321 0.0642 0.0963 0.1284
Alignment
Alignment
Alignment is the process of establishing a part coordinate system, where the Axes of the part and CMM are the same. Three things are needed to complete a part alignment:
A LEVEL (Any measured feature with a vector direction). The level feature controls the orientation of the working plane.
A ROTATE AXIS (Any measured feature with a vector direction). The rotate feature needs to be perpendicular to the level feature. This controls the timing or rotational position of the axes relative to the working plane. An ORIGIN (Any measured feature or features which define the X, Y, and Z zero point of the part).
Alignment
STEP 1 : Level= ZPlane Axis to Plane Level Feature STEP 2 : Rotate X Axis to Line Rotate Feature = Lineto Circle STEP 3 Axis : Translate X Origin STEP 4 : Translate Y Origin to Circle Origin Feature = Circle STEP 5 : Translate Z Origin to Plane
ALIGNMENT
COMPLETED!!!!
Machine Home Position
Alignment
STEP 1 : Level Z Axis to Plane Level 2 Feature Plane STEP : Rotate=X Axis to Line STEP 3 Axis : Translate X Origin Rotate Feature = Lineto Point STEP 4 : Translate Y Origin to Line Origin = Corner STEP 5 Feature : Translate Z Origin to Plane
ALIGNMENT
COMPLETED!!!!
Alignment How To Do It
Alignment How To Do It
Click On Auto Align PcDmis will automatically align the part by Levelling and setting Z zero to PLN1
Measured Features
Rotate and set Y zero to LINE1, and then set X zero to PNT1.
Geometric Elements
EXAMPLE
Y
5
X
5
Output X = 5 Y=5 Z=5
2D/3D:
3D
Element:
LINE
Min Points: 2 Position: Vector: Form: 2D/3D: Centroid From 1st to last point Straightness 2D/3D Output 5
X
5 X = 2.5 Y=0 Z=5 I = -1 J=0 K=0
EXAMPLE
Min Points: 3
Position:
Vector*:
Centre
Matches reference plane 5
1 2
Form:
2D/3D:
Roundness
2D Output
X
5 I=0 J=0 K=1 D=4 R=2
* The vector of a circle is only for measurement purposes, and does not uniquely describe the features geometry.
EXAMPLE
Element:
PLANE 5
1
Min Points: 3
Position: Vector: Form: 2D/3D: Centroid Perpendicular
Y
5
3
X
I = 0.707 J = 0.000 K = 0.707
EXAMPLE
5
Element:
CYLINDER
Min Points: 5
Position: Vector: Form: 2D/3D: Centroid From 1st level of hits to last level Cylindricity 3D X = 2.0 Y = 2.0 Z = 2.5
1 2
Y
5
3
5 D=4 R=2
EXAMPLE
Min Points: 6
Position: Vector: Form: 2D/3D: Apex From 1st level of hits to last level Conicity 3D X = 2.0 Y = 2.0 Z = 5.0
1
5
3 2
5 A = 43deg
EXAMPLE
1
Min Points: 4
Position:
Vector*:
Centre
Toward North Pole of Hits
Y
5
3
Form:
2D/3D:
Sphericity
3D X = 2.5 Y = 2.5 Z = 2.5 I=0 J=0 K=1 5 D = 5.0 R = 2.5
* The vector of a sphere is only for measurement purposes, and does not describe the features geometry.
Constructed Features
Points
Constructed Features
POINT : AT ORIGIN A point is constructed at the origin of the current alignment system. Coordinates of the point will be 0, 0, 0. Z
X
POINT
Constructed Features
POINT : CAST A point is created at the centroid of the selected feature. Its coordinates (x y z) are equal to that of the Circle INPUT : CIRCLE1 POINT CIRCLE1
Constructed Features
POINT : CORNER A point is created at the intersection of three planes. INPUT : PLN1 PLN2 PLN3 POINT
PLN2
PLN3 PLN1
Constructed Features
POINT POINT : PIERCE A point is created where feature 1 pierces the surface of feature 2. The order of selection is Important PLN1
Y CYL1
5
INPUT : CYL1
PLN1
Constructed Features
POINT : OFFSET Z A point is created at the specified offsets from the selected feature. INPUT : PNT1 X Offset = 0 Y Offset = 4 Z Offset = 1 PNT1 5
POINT
5 5
Constructed Features
POINT : INTERSECT A point is created at the location where the two selected features cross. INPUT : LINE1 LINE2 LINE1 LINE2
POINT
Constructed Features
POINT : DROP A point is created by projecting the first features centroid onto the second feature (line, cone, cylinder, or slot). CIRCLE1
INPUT : CIRCLE1
LINE1 LINE1
POINT
Constructed Features
POINT : MID A point is created at the midpoint of the two selected features. CIRCLE1 CIRCLE2
INPUT : CIRCLE1
CIRCLE2 POINT
Constructed Features
POINT : PROJECT A point is created by projecting the feature onto the selected plane. POINT
PLN1
Constructed Features
Circles
Constructed Features
CIRCLE : BF A best-fit circle is created through the selected features. CIR1 INPUT : CIR1 CIR2 CIR3 CIR4 CIR3 CIRCLE
CIR4
CIR2
Constructed Features
CIRCLE : CONE A circle is created inside a cone at the specified diameter. INPUT : CONE1 DIAMETER = 2 2 CONE1 CIRCLE
Constructed Features
CIRCLE : INTERSECT A circle is created at the intersection of a plane and a cone, cylinder, or CIRCLE sphere. INPUT : CONE1 PLN1
CONE1
PLN1
Constructed Features
Lines
Constructed Features
LINE : ALIGNMENT A line is created along an axis of the current coordinate system, perpendicular to the current working plane. Z
Constructed Features
LINE : BF A best-fit line is created through the selected features. CIR1
INPUT : CIR1
CIR2
CIR2
LINE
Constructed Features
LINE : INTERSECT A line is created at the intersection of two planes. LINE
PLN2
Constructed Features
LINE : PERP A line is created perpendicular to the first selected feature, passing through the second feature
CIRC1
INPUT : LINE1
CIRC1 LINE1 LINE
Constructed Features
LINE : PARALLEL A line is created parallel to the first selected feature, passing through the second feature.
CIRC1
Constructed Features
LINE : REVERSE A new line is created in the opposite direction of the selected line. LINE
Constructed Features
LINE : OFFSET A line is created through the centre of the first feature, passing by the second feature at the specified offset. CIR1
INPUT : CIR1
CIR2 OFFSET = 1
CIR2 LINE
Dimensioning Features
Location
Dimensioning Features
LOCATION The dimension LOCATION option reports the specified characteristic of the selected feature. Characteristics that can be reported are:
rad
ang
Dimensioning Features
LOCATION EXAMPLE: Reporting CIR1 X=2 Y=2 Z=0 D=2 R=1 2 2 1 1 0 1 2 3 3 CIR1 Z Y 2 1
Dimensioning Features
LOCATION EXAMPLE: Reporting CONE1 A = 60 V = 0, 0, 1 (I, J, K) 2 3 Z Y
CONE1
2
1 1 0 1 2
60
Dimensioning Features
LOCATION EXAMPLE: Reporting POINT1 2 Prad = 2.828 Pang = 45 1 1 2 3 Z Y POINT1
45
0 1 2 3 X
Dimensioning Features
True Position
Dimensioning Features
TRUE POSITION
2.00 .05
Dimensioning Features
TRUE POSITION
Zooming in on the theoretical circle centre... 1.05 Location of measured circle centre: GOOD
OUT OF TOLERANCE
.95 1.95
2.05
Dimensioning Features
TRUE POSITION Why are two points the same distance from nominal not both in tolerance? OUT OF TOLERANCE GOOD
True Position tolerance zone True Position tolerancing creates a circular tolerance zone, which better judges parts based on the fit and function of mating parts
True Position
MMC Maximum Material Condition 20+/- 0.2 0.15 A Dia Bonus 19.80 19.90 20.00 20.10 0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40
30
20.20
40
Sizes in MM
NB: The bonus will not be applied if the Dia of the hole is out of tolerance
True Position
MMC -MMC Maximum Material Condition - Maximum Material Condition 20+/- 0.2 MMC 0.15 A Dia A Dia 2 MMC 19.80 19.90 20.00 20.10 19.80 19.90 20.00 20.10 20.20 20.20 0.15 0.35 0.55 0.75 0.95
30
40 20+/- 0.2
NB: The bonus will not be applied if the Dia of the hole is out of tolerance
True Position
LMC Least Material Condition 20+/- 0.2 0.15 A Dia 19.80 19.90 20.00 20.10
20.20
40
NB: The bonus will not be applied if the Dia of the stud is out of tolerance
True Position
LMC - LMC Least Material Condition - Least Material Condition
0.15
Dia A Dia 2 19.80 19.80 19.90 19.90 20.00 20.00 20.10 20.10 20.20 20.20
LMCLMC
40
20+/- 0.2
NB: The bonus will not be applied if the Dia of the stud is out of tolerance
Dimensioning Features
2D Distances
Dimensioning Features
DISTANCE 2D The 2-dimensional distance option calculates distances between features within the current working plane.
Dimensioning Features
DISTANCE 2D When calculating a 2-Dimensional distance, you have many options to determine which distance to report. For Example, you could report these distances from CIR1 to CIR2 : Y CIR2
DIST2
CIR1 X DIST1
Dimensioning Features
DISTANCE 2D The options available are: Centre to Centre To Feature Parallel to To X Axis To Y Axis & Perpendicular to To Z Axis DIST1 can be created using: DIST2 can be created using: DIST3 To X Axis, Parallel to To Centre Y Axis, to Centre Parallel to ToTo Y Axis, Perpendicular (no axis selected) To X Axis, Perpendicular X DIST1
DIST2
Dimensioning Features
DISTANCE 2D The To Feature option can be used when a distance to be calculated is not parallel or perpendicular to an axis of the current coordinate system. The order of feature selection is important for this option. The distances are calculated to either Perpendicular or Parallel to the SECOND feature, based on your selection.
Dimensioning Features
DISTANCE 2D How can you report the overall length of this part? Measure a line on one side, a point on the other. Report the 2D Distance from PNT1 to LINE1, using the To Feature option, Perpendicular to LINE1. LINE1 DISTANCE PNT1
Dimensioning Features
DISTANCE 2D If you just click on PNT1 and LINE1, and choose no To option, the distance will be straight from the lines centroid to PNT1. THIS IS NOT WHAT YOU WANT!!!!!!!!!!!!!! LINE1
PNT1
Dimensioning Features
DISTANCE 2D When calculating 2-Dimensional distances, it is very important that the correct WORKING PLANE is selected. In the last example, the working plane was set to Z PLUS. Y Z PLUS Working Plane
Dimensioning Features
DISTANCE 2D The ADD RADIUS and SUB RADIUS option modifies the calculated distance to include or subtract the radii of dimensioned circles. Y Normal Distance ADD RADIUS SUB RADIUS Distance Distance
Dimensioning Features
3D Distances
Dimensioning Features
DISTANCE 3D 3-dimensional distances calculate the shortest distance between two features, regardless of the working plane.
Dimensioning Features
DISTANCE 3D EXAMPLE: PLN1 3D Distance from PNT1 to PLN1
DISTANCE
PNT1
Dimensioning Features
ANGLES An angle is created at the intersection of two lines
LINE 1
LINE 2
60
ANGLE
Perpendicularity
0.15 Wide Tolerance Zone
0.15
Parallelism
0.15 Wide Tolerance Zone
0.15
Angularity
0.5
A
Possible orientation of the actual surface
35
35