Multiplexing :

Frequency Division Multiplexing :

Wavelength Division Multiplexing :

Time Division Multiplexing :

TDM network-example: high-speed digital network ( !"## M$ps% developed $y &T'T in (") and implemented in the early (*+,s supports long-haul voice transmission digitally representing analog telephone system

-ode Division Multiplexing : ! Direct .equence .pread .pectrum /! Frequency 0opping .pread .pectrum

-omparing di11erent techniques : TDM: 2+/! -.M&3-& (-arrier .ense Multiple &ccess3-ollision &voidance%

TDM3FDM: 4.M (4lo$al .ystem o1 Mo$ile communication% -DM: 5MT. (5niversal Mo$ile Telecommunication .ystem%

.witching: There are two types o1 switching techniques6 -ircuit switching (Telephone communication% 7acket switching (-omputer networks%

8nternet 9 home: Dial-up

&D:. (&symmetric Digital .u$scri$er .ystem% -a$le modem Fi$er-to-the-0ome;

Modems: (a% & $inary signal

($% &mplitude modulation c% Frequency modulation (d% 7hase modulation

<it encoding ( %: &synchronous data transmission: 5sed 1or character oriented devices large indeterminate intervals $etween characters receiver resynchroni=es with sender on start and stop $its polarity o1 stop $it di11erent 1rom polarity o1 start $it! <it encoding (/%:

(a% <inary encoding6 ($% Manchester encoding6 (c% Di11erential Manchester encoding!

&D.: : Fi$er-to-the-0ome : TDM in com$ination with WDM 7assive 1i$er networks ?asy to upgrade @o electrical powering 8mmune to lightening6 ?M8 TDM3FDM &symmetric > higher $it-rate 1or downloading 5se local loops ( ! M$ps% &dapted data rate $ased on the conditions on the line