Spread Spectrum Technologies-What happens during spreading:

Due to the multiplication of a symbol with Barker code, the rate of-change increases with a factor 11 This means that cycle rate increases from 1 M ! to 11 M ! "n terms of spectrum this means that after #$ modulation the signal is spread from % M ! bandwidth to %% M ! bandwidth&

General rule and examples of creating Walsh tables:

'( )ode *eneration+

Generating Gold Code:

D,,, -s $,,,+

$igure 1%&%. Simple idea of communication with code

$igure 1%&%/ Chip sequences

$igure 1%&%0 Data representation in CDMA

,haring channel in )DM1+

Digital signal created by four stations in CDMA:

Decoding of the composite signal for one in CDMA:

1d-antages of )DM1 )ellular+

1& %& .& /& 0&

igher capacity "mpro-es -oice 2uality 3new coder4 ,oft-handoffs 5ess power consumption 36-7 m84 )hoice for .* systems+ $re2uency di-ersity 9 fre2uency-dependent transmission impairments ha-e less effect on signal 6& Multipath resistance 9 chipping codes used for )DM1 e:hibit low cross correlation and low autocorrelation 7& 'ri-acy 9 pri-acy is inherent since spread spectrum is obtained by use of noise-like signals ;& *raceful degradation 9 system only gradually degrades as more users access the system