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Chng 1
TNG QUAN V MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010
1.1. Gii thiu:
Microsoft Access l mt thnh phn trong b Microsoft Office ca hng Microsoft. MS Access cung cp cho ngi dng giao din thn thin v cc thao tc n gin, trc quan trong vic xy dng v qun tr c s d liu cng nh xy dng cc ng dng c s d liu. Access l mt h qun tr c s d liu quan h (RDMS- Relational Database Management System), rt ph hp cho cc bi ton qun l va v nh. Hiu nng cao v c bit d s dng do giao din ging cc phn mm khc trong b MS Office nh MS Word, MS Excel. Access cn cung cp h thng cng c pht trin kh mnh i km (Development Tools) gip cc nh pht trin phn mm n gin trong vic xy dng trn gi cc d n phn mm qun l qui m va v nh MS Access 2010 cung cp h thng cng c rt mnh, gip ngi dng nhanh chng v d dng xy dng chng trnh ng dng thng qua query, form, report kt hp vi mt s lnh Visual Basic. Trong Microsoft Access 2010, bn c th xy dng c s d liu web v a chng ln cc SharePoint site. Ngi duyt SharePoint c th s dng ng dng c s d liu ca bn trong mt trnh duyt web, s dng SharePoint xc nh ai c th xem nhng g. Nhiu ci tin mi h tr kh nng a d liu ln web, v cng cung cp li ch trong vic xy dng c s d liu trn my n truyn thng. Access 2010 giao din ngi dng cng thay i. Nu bn khng quen vi Office Access 2007, Ribbon v Ca s Danh mc chnh c th l mi cho bn. Thanh Ribbon ny thay th cc menu v thanh cng c t phin bn trc. Ca s Danh mc chnh thay th v m rng cc chc nng ca ca s Database.
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V mt im mi trong Access 2010, Backstage View cho php bn truy cp vo tt c cc lnh p dng cho ton b c s d liu, nh l thu gn v sa cha, hoc cc lnh t menu File. Cc lnh c b tr trn cc tab pha bn tri ca mn hnh, v mi tab cha mt nhm cc lnh c lin quan hoc cc lin kt. V d, nu bn nhn New, bn s thy tp hp cc nt cho php bn to ra mt c s d liu mi t u, hoc bng cch chn t mt th vin ca c s d liu cc mu thit k chuyn nghip.

1.2. Khi ng Access 2010:

khi ng MS Access ta c th dng mt trong cc cch sau: Cch 1: Start (All) Programs Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Access 2010. Cch 2: Double click vo shortcut Ms Access trn desktop, xut hin ca s khi ng Access nh hnh.

1.3. Cc thnh phn trong ca s khi ng: 1.3.1. Thanh Quick Access:
Thanh cng c Quick Access: Hin th bn tri ca thanh tiu , mc nh thanh Quick Access gm cc nt cng c Save, Undo, Bn phi ca Quick Access cha nt Customize, khi c s d liu ang m, nu click nt Customize s xut hin mt menu gip bn ch nh cc nt lnh hin th trn thanh Quick Access, nu cc lnh khng c trong menu, bn c th click nt More
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Commands hoc click phi trn thanh Quick Access chn Customize Quick Access Toolbar. thm nt lnh vo Quick Access, bn chn lnh trong khung choose commands from, click nt Add click OK.

1.3.2. Vng lm vic:

Khi khi ng Access, trong ca s khi ng, mc nh tab File v lnh New trong tab File c chn, ca s c chia thnh 3 khung: Khung bn tri gm cc lnh trong tab File Khung gia: cha cc loi tp tin c s d liu m bn c th to mi. Khung bn phi: nhp tn v chn v tr lu tp tin mi to v thc thi lnh to mi c s d liu.

1.3.3. Thanh Ribbon:

Bn di thanh tiu , Access 2010 hin th cc nt lnh trn mt thanh di c gi l Ribbon, thanh Ribbon c th chim nhiu khng gian mn hnh, ta c th thu nh kch thc ca Ribbon bng cch click nt Minimize The Ribbon

Thanh Ribbon c to bi nhiu tab khc nhau, truy cp vo mt tab bn c th click

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trn nhn ca tab hoc dng phm tt. Nhn phm Alt hoc F10 hin th tn ca cc phm tt ca cc tab. Hu ht cc tab trn Ribbon c chia thnh tng nhm khc nhau, mi nhm hin th tiu con bn di ca nhm. Mt s nhm trong Ribbon c hin th nt , khi click nt ny s xut hin ca s cho php thit lp cc thuc tnh ca nhm tng ng.

1.3.4. Ca s Properties
Ca s Properties gip bn c th hiu chnh thuc tnh ca i tng, ty theo i tng ang c chn m ca s thuc tnh s cha nhng thuc tnh tng ng ca i tng . m ca s Properties, bn chn i tng mun thay i thuc tnh, chn tab Design hoc nhn t hp phm Atl +Enter Ca s Properties c chia thnh nm nhm Format: Gm cc thuc tnh nh dng i tng Data: Gm cc thuc tnh truy sut d liu ca i tng. Event: Gm cc s kin (event) ca i tng. Other: Gm cc thuc tnh gip bn to h thng menu, toolbars, All: Gm tt c cc thuc tnh trong bn nhm trn.

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1.3.5. Thanh Navigation Pane

Navigation Pane l khung cha ni dung chnh ca c s d liu. T khung Navigation Pane, bn c th m bt k Table, Query, Form, Report, Macro, hoc module trong c s d liu bng cch double click vo tn ca i tng. Bng cch click phi vo tn ca i tng trong Navigation Pane, bn c th thc hin cc thao tc vi i tng nh: i tn, sao chp, xo, import, export mt i tng Nhn phm F11 hoc click vo mi tn kp gc trn bn phi ca khung Navigation Pane hin th hoc n khung Navigation Pane.

1.4. Cch to tp tin c s d liu: 1.4.1. To mt c s d liu mi rng:

Ti ca s khi ng, click nt Blank Database. File name: nhp tn tp tin c s d liu, trong Access 2010,

tp tin c s d liu c lu vi tn c phn m rng l .accdb. Nu khng ch nh ng dn th mc nh tp tin mi to s c lu trong th mc Document, ngc li, click nt Brows ch nh v tr lu tp tin. Click nt Create to tp tin c s d liu.
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1.4.2. To c s d liu theo mu (Template)

Ti ca s khi ng. Chn Sample Template chn mt mu c s d liu c sn. Trong khung File name, nhp tn tp tin c s d liu v click nt Browse ch nh v tr lu tp tin, Click nt create
to c s d liu.

1.5. Qun l c s d liu

Sau khi to c s d liu, hoc m mt c s d liu th Tab File s hin th cc lnh qun l tp tin c s d liu.

1.5.1. Recent:
Mc Recent hin th danh sch cc tp tin c s d liu c m gn nht. S tp tin hin th trong danh sch ny mc nh l 9, c th thay i bng cch: Ti ca s lm vic ca Access, chn tab File. Chn Options Client Settings Trong mc Display, thay i gi tr ca thuc tnh Show This Number Of Recent Documents Click OK.

1.5.2. M mt c s d liu:
m mt c s d liu c ta thc hin mt trong cc cch sau:
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Cch 1: Ti ca s khi ng, trong tab File Open Chn tp tin c s d liu cn m Open. Cch 2: Double click vo tn tp tin cn m.

1.5.3. Thot khi access:

C th thot khi Access bng mt trong cc cch: Chn menu File Exit Nhn t hp phm Alt + F4; Hoc s dng nt Close trn ca s Access ang m.

1.5.4. Thu gn v chnh sa c s d liu (Compact & Repair Database)

Khi to thm i tng trong c s d liu th dung lng ca tp tin c s d liu s tng ln, khi xa mt i tng th vng nh ca n s rng, nhng khng s dng c. Chc nng Compact & Repair Database gip thu hi li phn b nh b rng, lm cho tp tin c s d liu gn li. Cch thc hin: M c s d liu cn thu gn v chnh sa Click nt Compact & Repair Database

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1.5.5. To password
M c s d liu ch Exclusive bng cch: File Open Open Exclusive. Chn tab File Chn lnh Info Click nt set Database Password Nhp Password 2 ln OK

1.5.6. G b password
M c s d liu ch Exclusive: File Open Open Exclusive Trong tab File, chn lnh Info Click nt UnSet Database Password.

1.6. Cc i tng trong c s d liu trong Access

C s d liu l mt tp hp nhng s liu lin quan n mt mc ch qun l, khai thc d liu no , CSDL trong Access l c s d liu quan h gm cc thnh phn: Tables, Querys, Forms, Reports, Pages, Macros, Modules.

1.6.1. Bng (Tables):

Table l thnh phn quan trng nht ca tp tin c s d liu Access, dng lu tr d liu. Do y l i tng phi c
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to ra trc. Bn trong mt bng, d liu c lu thnh nhiu ct v nhiu dng.

1.6.2. Truy vn (Queries):

Query l cng c ngi s dng truy vn thng tin v thc hin cc thao tc trn d liu. Ngi s dng c th s dng ngn ng SQL hoc cng c QBE thao tc trn d liu.

1.6.3. Biu mu (Forms):

Form l cng c thit k giao din cho chng trnh, dng cp nht hoc xem d liu. Biu mu gip thn thin ha qu trnh nhp, thm, sa, xa v hin th d liu.

1.6.4. Bo co (Reports):
Report l cng c gip ngi dng to cc kt xut d liu t cc bng, sau nh dng v sp xp theo mt khun dng cho trc v c th in ra mn hnh hoc my in.

1.6.5. Tp lnh (Macros):

Macro l mt tp hp cc lnh nhm thc hin mt lot cc thao tc c qui nh trc. Tp lnh ca Access c th c xem l mt cng c lp trnh n gin p ng cc tnh hung c th.

1.6.6. B m lnh (Modules):

L cng c lp trnh trong mi trng Access m ngn ng nn tng ca n l ngn ng Visual Basic for Application. y l mt dng t ng ha chuyn su hn tp lnh, gip to ra nhng hm ngi dng t nh ngha. B m lnh thng dnh cho cc lp trnh vin chuyn nghip. Cng c to cc i tng trong Access c t chc thnh tng nhm trong tab Create ca thanh Ribbon

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1.7. Thao tc vi cc i tng trong c s d liu:

lm vic trn i tng, ta chn i tng trn thanh Access object, cc thnh vin ca i tng s xut hin bn di tn ca i tng.

1.7.1. To mi mt i tng:
Click tab Create trn thanh Ribbon. Trong nhm cng c ca tng i tng, chn cch to tng ng.

1.7.2. Thit k li mt i tng:

Nu i tng ang ng: Click phi trn i tng cn thit k li. Chn Design view. Nu i tng ang m: Click nt Design View.

1.7.3. Xem ni dung trnh by ca mt i tng:

Nu i tng ang m ch Design View Click nt View. Nu i tng ang ng: Click phi trn tn i tng cn xem. Chn Open.

1.7.4. Xa mt i tng.
Click phi chut trn i tng cn xa, Chn mc delete trn Menu Popup. Hoc chn ri nhn phm Delete. Hoc nt c.

trn thanh cng

1.7.5. i tn i tng
Click phi chut trn i tng, chn rename, Hoc nhn F2 Nhp tn mi.
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1.7.6. Sao chp mt i tng

Click phi chut ln thnh vin cn chp Chn mc copy chp i tng vo Clipboard. Click nt Paste trn thanh Menu chp vo ca s database. Nhp tn cho i tng sao chp. i vi kiu i tng Table, ta c th la chn 1 trong 3 kiu sao chp Structure only: Sao chp cu trc Structure and data: Sao chp cu trc v d liu Append Data to Exiting Table: Thm d liu vo mt bng ang tn ti.

1.7.7. Chp d liu t Access sang ng dng khc (Export).

C th xut d liu sang c s d liu Access khc, hoc Excel,Word, Pdf Cch thc hin: Chn i tng mun xut sang ng dng khc. Chn tab External Data. Trong nhm cng c Export, chn loi ng dng m bn mun xut d liu: Excel, Text file, XML file, Word, Access

Click nt Browse ch nh v tr xut d liu. Click OK hon tt vic export d liu.

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1.7.8. Chp d liu t ng dng khc vo c s d liu Access hin hnh (Import)
C th chp d liu t ng dng khc nh Excel, ODBC Database, XML file, Access, vo c s d liu hin hnh. Cch thc hin:

Chn tab External Data. Trong nhm lnh Import & Link, chn ng dng m bn mun chp d liu. Ln lt lm theo cc bc hng dn ca Access.

a. Chp d liu t Excel vo Access

Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, chn tab External Data, click nt Excel trong nhm lnh Import & Link. Chn tp tin Excel cn chp (Click nt Browse tm tp tin Excel) Open OK, sau thc hin theo cc bc hng dn ca Access + Chn sheet cha d liu cn chp, Next. + Chn dng lm tiu cho bng, Next.

+ Ch nh thuc tnh cho cc field + Chn cch to kha cho bng

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Let Access add primary key: Access t to kha. Chose my own primary key: Bn ch nh kha. No primary key: Khng to kha. + Nhp tn cho bng Finish. + Access hin th thng bo cho bit hon tt qu trnh import mt file Excel thnh mt bng trong Access.

b. Chp d liu t c s d liu Access khc vo c s d liu hin hnh.

Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, chn tab External Data, click nt Access trong nhm lnh Import & Link. Chn tp tin Access cha d liu cn chp (Click nt Browse tm tp tin Access) Open. Chn ty chn Import table, query, form, report, macro and modules into the current database ch nh v tr lu tr d liu trong c s d liu hin hnh OK Trong ca s Import
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object, chn i tng cn chp. C th chn nhiu ng thi i tng hoc chn tt c bng cch click nt Select All OK.

1.7.9. Chc nng Link

Chc nng Link trong Acces duy tr mi lin kt vi d liu ngun. Nu d liu ngun thay i th d liu trong bng lin kt s thay i theo v ngc li. Cch thc hin tng t nh chc nng Import, nhng trong ca s Get External Data, ta chn ty chn Link to data source by creating a link table

Chn bng mun link

OK

1.8. Chn giao din ngi dng trong Access 2010

Cc phin bn trc y ca Access cung cp ch mt loi giao din ngi dng duy nht l cc ca s c th chng ln nhau. Bt u vi Access 2007, v by gi trong Access 2010, bn c s la chn ca vic s dng cc giao din truyn thng hoc loi giao din mi c dng cc tab.

1.8.1. Tabbed Documents

Tabbed Documents l giao din l tng cho ngi dng lm vic vi nhiu hn mt i tng ti mt thi im. Trong giao din ny form v report khng th nm trn u trang ca mt khc v ngi dng c th xem tt c cc iu khin trn mt i tng giao din ngi dng m khng cn phi di chuyn mt i tng trong ng i.

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1.8.2. Overlapping Windows

Overlapping Windows c li th hn. Do s a dng ca vic thit lp thuc tnh BorderStyle v kh nng loi b cc nt Min, Max, v Close. Vi giao din Overlapping Windows, bn c th d dng buc ngi dng tng tc vi mt form ti mt thi im.

1.8.3. Chuyn t giao din Tabbed Documents sang Overlapping Windows

i vi Access 2007 v Access 2010 th khi khi ng mc nh l giao din Tabbed Documents chuyn sang dng Overlapping Windows ta thc hin nh sau: Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, chn tab File chn lnh Options. Trong ca s Access options, chn Current Database. Trong mc Document Window Options Chn Overlapping Windows OK Thot khi Access v khi ng li.
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Chng 2
XY DNG C S D LIU
Xy dng c s d liu l cng vic quan trng u tin trong ton b qui trnh pht trin mt ng dng trn Access. Mt c s d liu c thit k v xy dng tt s l nhng thun li trong qu trnh pht trin ng dng.

2.1. Khi nim v c s d liu Access

Mt c s d liu Access bao gm tp hp cc bng d liu c quan h cht ch, ph hp phc v lu tr d liu cho mt ng dng qun l. V d: Mt c s d liu Qun l sinh vin bao gm tp hp cc bng d liu: SINHVIEN, LOP, MONHOC, KETQUA c kt ni nhau mt cch ph hp phc v vic lu tr d liu cho ng dng qun l sinh vin. Cu trc c s d liu qun l sinh vin trong Access c m t nh sau:

2.2. Bng d liu (Table) 2.2.1. Khi nim:

Bng (Table): L thnh phn c bn trong c s d liu ca MS Access. y l i tng quan trng nht, dng lu tr d liu, mi bng lu tr thng tin v mt i tng ang qun l. Mt bng gm c nhiu ct (field) v nhiu hng (record) Ct (Field) : Mi field (field hoc ct) trong mt bng ch cha mt loi d liu duy nht, n lu tr mt thuc tnh ca i tng.Trong mt bng phi c t nht mt field.
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V d: Bng SINHVIEN, lu tr thng tin ca i tng sinh vin, gm cc field MASV, HOSV, TENSV, PHAI, NGAYSINH, DIACHI, MALOP.
Cc field biu din thng tin ca sinh vin Record

Dng (Record): L mt th hin d liu ca cc field trong bng. Trong mt bng c th c khng c record no hoc c nhiu records. Trong mt bng th d liu trong cc record khng c trng lp.

2.2.2. Kha chnh (Primary key)

Kha chnh ca mt bng l mt hoc nhiu field kt hp m theo Access s xc nh mt record duy nht trong bng. D liu trong field kha chnh khng c trng v khng rng. Thng thng, trong mi bng nn c kha chnh to quan h gia cc bng trong c s d liu v MS Access t ng kim tra rng buc d liu khi ngi dng nhp liu. V d: trong bng sinh vin M sinh vin xc nh mt sinh vin duy nht.
Kha chnh

Khi mt field hoc nhiu field kt hp c ch nh l kha chnh th Access s t ng to ch mc cho chng.

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Khi nhp d liu, Access s t ng kim tra kha chnh v khng cho php trng lp, v khng rng.

2.2.3. Kha ngoi (Foreign key)

Kha ngoi l mt field hay mt nhm cc field trong mt record ca mt bng, tr n kha chnh ca mt record khc ca mt bng khc. Thng thng, kha ngoi trong mt bng tr n kha chnh ca mt bng khc. D liu trong field kha ngoi phi tn ti trong field kha chnh m n tr ti. Kha ngoi dng to quan h gia cc bng trong c s d liu V d:
Kha ngoi Kha chnh

2.3. Cch to bng 2.3.1. To bng bng chc nng Table Design:
Bc 1: Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon, click tab Create, trong nhm lnh Table, click nt lnh Table Design, xut hin ca s thit k bng gm cc thnh phn: Field Name: nh ngha cc fields trong bng. Data Type: chn kiu d liu lu tr d liu ca field tng ng. Description: dng ch thch ngha ca field. Field Properties: thit lp cc thuc tnh ca Field, gm c hai nhm: General: l phn nh dng d liu cho field trong ct Field Name.
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Lookup: l phn quy nh dng hin th / nhp d liu cho Field .

Bc 2: Trong ca s thit k, thc hin cc cng vic sau: Nhp tn field trong ct field Name, chp nhn khong trng, khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng. Nn nhp tn field theo tiu ch: Ngn gn, d nh, gi ngha, v khng c khong trng. Chn kiu d liu cho field trong ct Data Type Ch thch cho field trong ct Description. Ch nh thuc tnh cho field trong khung Field Properties. Bc 3: Xc nh kha chnh cho bng: t tr ti field c chn lm kha chnh (hoc chn cc field ng thi lm kha) Click nt Primary key trn thanh cng c Table (Table Tools), hoc click phi trn tn field, chn lnh Primary key. Bc 4: Lu bng va to bng cch: Click vo nt trn thanh Quick Access
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Nhp tn cho bng trong hp thoi Save as nh hnh (trong trng hp Table mi to, cha t tn). Lu : Nu bng cha c t kha chnh th Access s hin th mt hp thoi thng bo:

Nhn nt Cancel tr li ca s thit k, t kho chnh cho bng. Nhn nt No lu m khng cn t kha chnh, c th t sau. Nhn nt Yes Access t to kho chnh c tn l ID, kiu Autonumber.

2.3.2. To bng trong ch Datasheet View

C th to bng bng cch nh ngha trc tip cc ct trong ch DataSheet View nh sau: Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm lnh Table, click nt Table, xut hin bng mi ch Datasheet View. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang tab Field vi nhm lnh Add & Delete gip bn chn kiu d liu cho Field mi khi thm Field vo bng.
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t tr trong bn di Field mi (Click to Add), sau chn mt trong cc kiu d liu trong nhm Add & Delete trn thanh Ribbon. Hoc click chut trn Click to Add, chn kiu d liu trong menu. C th click nt More Fields chn cc kiu d liu khc. Nhp tn cho Field mi. To Field tnh ton: Khi thit kt bng ch DataSheet View, bn c th to mt Field mi m n l kt qu ca mt biu thc tnh ton t cc Field trc, bng cch: Click tiu Click to Add ca Field mi nh hnh trn. Chn lnh Calculated Field, xut hin ca s Expression Builder Nhp biu thc tnh ton.

2.4. Cc kiu d liu (Data Type)

Trong access mi Field c th nhn mt trong cc kiu d liu sau:
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Data Type
Kiu d liu D liu Kch thc

Vn bn Ti a 255 k t Vn bn nhiu dng, nhiu Ti a 65.535 k Memo trang t Kiu s (bao gm s nguyn v s thc). dng thc hin tnh 1, 2, 4, hoc 8 Number ton, cc nh dng d liu byte kiu s c thit lp trong Control Panel. D liu kiu Date v Time. Cc nh dng ca d liu Date/Time 8 byte Date/Time c thit lp trong Control Panel. Currency Kiu tin t, mc nh l $. 8 byte Access s t ng tng tun t hoc ngu nhin khi mt mu AutoNumber 4 byte tin mi c to, khng th xa, sa. Kiu lun l (Boolean). Ch Yes/no chp nhn d liu c gi tr 1bit Yes/No, True/False, On/Off D liu l cc i tng c OLE Object Ti a 1 GB to t cc phn mm khc. HyperLink D liu ca field l cc link. Lookup Wizard khng phi l kiu d liu, m l chc nng Lookup to mt danh sch m gi tr Wizard ca n c nhp bng tay hoc c tham chiu t mt bng khc trong c s d liu. Attachment
nh km d liu t cc chng trnh khc, nhng bn khng th nhp vn bn hoc d liu s.

Text

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thay i nhng nh dng mc nh ca cc kiu d liu trong mi trng Window, chn Start Control Panel Regional and Language Customize. Tab Numbers thay i nh dng s nh du thp phn, phn cch hng ngn Tab Date/Time thay i nh dng ngy/gi. Tab Currency thay i n v tin t.

2.5. Cc thuc tnh ca Field: 2.5.1. Field Size:

Quy nh kch thc ca field, tu thuc vo kiu d liu. Ch c hiu lc vi cc Field c kiu l Text hoc Number. D liu kiu text: gii hn kch thc t 0- 255 k t, mc nh l 50 k t. D liu kiu Memo: gii hn kch thc t 0- 65.535 k t. i vi kiu d liu Number: kiu Number bao gm mt s kiu con, gii hn kch thc kiu Number chnh l xc nh kiu con. Field size Min gi tr S l ti a Byte 0- 255 0 Integer -32768- 32767 0 Long integer - 214783648 214783647 0 38 38 Single -3.410 - 3.410 7 308 308 Double -1.7910 -1.7910 15 28 28 Decimal -10 -1 10 -1 20

2.5.2. Decimal Places:

Quy nh s ch s thp phn (ch s dng trong trng hp s c dng single, double). i vi kiu Currency, Fixed, Percent lun lun decimal places l 2.
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2.5.3. Format:
Quy nh dng hin th ca d liu trn mn hnh hoc ra my in, ph thuc vo kiu d liu. C th chn cc nh dng do Access cung cp sn hoc to mt chui k t nh dng ring. a) nh dng kiu d liu Text Cc k t nh dng kiu d liu Text K t nh dng Tc dng
@ > < chui k t \<k t> [Black] [White] [Red] [Green] [Blue] [Yellow] [Magenta] [Cyan] Chui k t i ton b k t ra ch hoa i ton b k t ra ch thng Chui k t gia 2 du nhy K t nm sau du \ Mu (k hiu mu theo sau mt trong cc k t nh dng chui pha trn)

V d: nh dng
@@@-@@-@@@ > <

D liu nhp
12345678 L T Trng L T Trng

Hin th 123-45-678 L T TRNG l t trng

b) nh dng d liu kiu number + Cc kiu nh dng Access cung cp sn K t Tc dng General Number Hin th ng nh s nhp vo C du phn cch, du thp phn v k Currency hiu tin t. Hin th ging nh cch nh dng trong Fixed Regional Settings ca Control Panel, phn s l thp phn ph thuc vo Decimal Ging nh dng Fix, nhng c du phn Standard cch hng ngn. Percent Hin th s dng phn trm (%) Scientific Hin th s dng khoa hc
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V d: Dng General Number Currency Fixed Standard Percent Scientific D liu nhp vo 1234.5 1234.5 1234.5 1234.5 0.123 1234.5 Hin th
1234.5 $1,234.50 1234.5 1,234.5 12.30% 1.23E+03

c) Cc k t nh dng i vi d liu kiu s: K t .(period) ,(comma) 0 # $ % E+ E- e+ eKhong trng (blank) Tc dng Du chm thp phn Du phn cch ngn S (0-9) S hoc khong trng (blank) Du $ Phn trm S dng khoa hc Khong trng

d) nh dng d liu kiu Data/Time: + Cc kiu nh dng Access cung cp sn:

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+ Cc k t nh dng:

e) nh dng d liu kiu Yes/No: nh dng Yes/No True/Fasle On/Off ngha ng/Sai ng/Sai ng/Sai

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Trung tm Tin hc Chui k t nh dng kiu yes/no gm 3 phn: First; Second; Third.

First: b trng, nh dng trong mc ny khng nh hng n d liu kiu Yes/No. Second: field hp ni dung field mang gi tr ng. Third: field hp ni dung field mang gi tr sai. V d: Chui nh dng ; Nam; N ; Bin ch; Hin th Field (True) Field (Fasle) Nam N Bin ch

2.5.4. Input Mask (mt n nhp liu):

Quy nh khun nh dng d liu. Ngi s dng khi nhp d liu vo bng bt buc phi tun theo ng nh dng . Ch : khi quy nh Input Mask cho bng, cc qui nh ny s c p dng cho c biu mu ( Form ), truy vn (Query), bo co (Report). Nu ch mun p dng cho ring biu mu hoc bo co th qui nh Input Mask cho ring biu mu hay bo co . Nhng field cng lc qui nh thuc tnh Format v Input Mask, Access s hin th theo dng qui nh trong Format khi hin th d liu. Tuy nhin nu iu chnh d liu thng qua biu mu, Access dng dng thc qui nh trong Input Mask. Cc k t dng nh dng trong Input Mask. K t 0 9 # ngha V tr bt buc nhp, k t s t 0-9, khng cho php nhp du. Khng bt buc nhp, k t s hoc khong trng, khng cho php nhp du. Nhp s 0-9, khong trng, du + -, khng bt buc nhp.
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Bt buc nhp, k t ch. Khng bt buc nhp, k t A-Z. Bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s. Khng bt buc nhp, k t ch hoc s. Bt buc nhp, k t bt k. Khng bt buc nhp, k t bt k. Du phn cch thp phn, hng ngn. Ty thuc ., vo nh dng ca Windows Du phn cch ngy, gi. Ty thuc vo nh /: dng ca Windows Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch thng < Cc k t bn phi c i thnh ch hoa. > D liu ghi t phi sang tri. ! K t theo sau du \ s c a thng vo d \<k t> liu Password Nhp d liu kiu mt khu (ch hin th du *) L ? A a & C V d: Input Mask > L0L0L0 >L<?? D liu T2A3B4 Mai

2.5.5. To field Lookup Wizard:

Mt lookup field cho php bn nhp d liu cho field t mt danh sch gi tr. C hai cch lookup field c th nhn gi tr t mt danh sch cc gi tr. Lookup t mt danh sch nhp bng tay. Lookup t mt Table hoc mt Query trong c s d liu.

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Cch to: Trong ca s thit k bng, ti field mun to Lookup Wizard, ct Data type chn Lookup Wizard. Xut hin ca s Lookup Wizard, vi hai ty chn tng ng vi hai cch to danh sch cho lookup field. Nu chn d liu ngun cho field bng cch ly gi tr t Table hoc Query khc th chn ty chn I want the lookup field to get the values from another table or query v click next. Chn bng hoc query cung cp gi tr cho lookup field, click Next. Chn field cha danh sch gi tr cho lookup field, click Next. Chn field sp xp, click next.

Hiu chnh rng ca lookup field, click Finish kt thc.

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Nu to d liu ngun cho lookup field bng cch nhp bng tay th trong ca s Lookup Wizard, chn ty chn I will type in the values that I want. Click Next. Nhp gi tr cho lookup field. Click Next. Nhp nhn cho lookup field, click Finish.

2.5.6. Validation rule (Quy tc hp l):

Kim tra tnh hp l ca d liu khi nhp liu. Nu d liu khng tha iu kin cho trc, Access xut hin trn mn hnh mt thng bo cha dng vn bn quy nh Validation text. Trong validation rule c cc php ton sau: Php ton so snh: > , < , >=, <=, =, <> Php ton quan h: or; and; not
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Php ton v chui: ton t Like (ging nh).C th s dng ton t Like km vi cc k t thay th nh: Du *: thay th tt c cc k t. Du #: thay th cc k t s. Du ?: thay th k t ti v tr c du ?.

2.5.7. Validation text (Thng bo li):

Chui thng bo xut hin khi d liu nhp vo khng tho iu kin ca Validation Rule, chui trong validation text c di ti a 255 k t.

2.5.8. Required (Yu cu):

C yu cu bt buc nhp d liu cho mt field hay c th trng.

2.5.9. AllowZeroLength:
Quy nh field c kiu text hay Memo c th c (yes) hoc khng c (no) chui c di Zero. Nu field l field kho th thuc tnh ny l No. Ch : Cn phn bit field c gi tr null (trng cha c d liu) v mt field cha chui c di l zero ( l chui ). Khi hin th ra mn hnh c hai c hnh thc ging nhau.

2.5.10. Index ( Ch mc/ Sp xp)

Quy nh thuc tnh Index to ch mc n (ch mc trn mt field). Nu chn No th khng sp xp d liu. Nu chn Yes (No Duplicates) th to ch mc (sp xp) trn field v khng cho php cc gi tr trng nhau. Nu chn Yes (Duplicates Yes) th to ch mc (sp xp) trn field v cho php cc gi tr trng nhau.

2.5.11. Caption:

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Qui nh nhn l mt chui k t xut hin ti dng tn field. Chui ny cng xut hin ti tiu ca cc iu khin trong cc biu mu hoc bo co. Nu gi tr ny b trng th Access s ly tn field lm tiu .

2.5.12. Defaut value:

Quy nh gi tr mc nhin cho ct. Access s t ng gn gi tr ny vo khi thm mu tin mi. Ngi s dng c th gn mt biu thc cho thuc tnh ny.

2.6. Hiu chnh cu trc ca bng:

M bng ch thit k (Design View) bng cch: Trong ca s Database, chn bng mun thay i cu trc, click phi, chn Design View. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang Tab Design gm cc cng c cho php hiu chnh cu trc ca bng. Insert Rows: chn thm mt field trn field hin hnh. Delete Rows: xa cc field c nh du chn.

Di chuyn field: Click chn tn field mun di chuyn, drag chut vo tn field, di chuyn n v tr mi.

2.7. Cch nhp d liu cho bng:

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nhp d liu cho bng, trc ht phi m bng ch Datasheet View. Trong ca s Database chn object Table chn bng mun nhp hoc sa d liu click phi chn Open. Hoc double click vo tn bng mun m.

Bng c m ch nhp liu (Ch Data Sheet view) Mc nh, lun c mt dng rng cui bng. nhp record mi

Khi nhp d liu phi nhp theo tng Record, d liu nhp vo phi tha mn cc thuc tnh ca bng v thuc tnh ca field khi thit k bng. Nu d liu khng tha mn th Access s thng bo li. i vi field c kiu d liu OLE object: Ti v tr nhp, click chut phi, Chn Insert - Object. Chn Create New nu mun to i tng mi. Chn Create from file nu mun ly i tng t tp tin trn a (thng l hnh nh) chn file cn s dng.

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2.8. To quan h gia cc bng trong c s d liu:

Sau khi thit k cc bng, ta c cu trc ca cc bng, nhng gia cc bng cha c cc thng tin quan h vi nhau. Do vic thit lp mi quan h gia cc bng s gip MS Access qun l d liu c hp l hn v bo v cc rng buc ton vn ca d liu trong qu trnh nhp d liu. thit lp c quan h th cc field dng lin kt gia cc Table phi c cng kiu d liu.

2.8.1. Cc loi quan h

Trong Access tn ti 2 kiu quan h: quan h 1-1 (mt-mt) v quan h 1-n (mt-nhiu) Quan h 1-1: mt record ca bng ny s lin kt vi duy nht mt record ca bng kia v ngc li. V d:

Quan h 1-n: mi record ca bng 1 s lin kt vi mt hoc nhiu record ca bng n, ngc li mt record ca bng n ch lin kt vi duy nht mt record trong bng 1. V d:

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Th hin d liu ca quan h 1-n

2.8.2. Cch to quan h:

Ti ca s lm vic ca Access, chn tab Database Tools trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Relationships.

Nu l ln u tin (CSDL cha c quan h) th hp thoi Show Tables s xut hin. Nu khng c ca s Show Table th Click nt Show Table trn thanh Ribbon. Tab Tables: hin th tt c cc bng trong c s d liu Tab Queries: hin th cc truy vn to trong c s d liu. Tab Both: hin th tt c Table v Query.
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Chn bng hoc Query cn thit lp quan h, click Add. Click nt Close ng ca s Show Table. Ca s RelationShips cha cc bng mun thit lp quan h.

Drag chut ko field quan h t bng ny sang bng kia. (vd: Ko field MaSV t bng SINHVIEN sang MaSV ca bng KETQUA). Xut hin ca s Edit RelationShips vi cc ty chn: Enforce Referential Integrity nu mun quan h c tnh rng buc ton vn. Quan h c tnh rng buc ton vn s m bo cc vn sau: + Khi nhp d liu, d liu ca field tham gia quan h bng nhiu (bng con) phi tn ti trong bng mt (bng cha). V d: mun nhp mt sinh vin cho bng KETQUA th MaSV phi tn ti trong bng SINHVIEN. + Khng th xa nhng mu tin trong bng mt khi nhng mu tin trong bng nhiu c quan h vi mu tin bn mt Nu vi phm cc nguyn tc trn th Access s khng nhn d liu v thng bo li.
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Cascade Update Related Field: cho php bn sa gi tr kha chnh ca mu tin trong bng mt (bng cha) ca quan h, lc thay v bo li Access s t ng cp nht s thay i vo cc field tng ng (c quan h) trn cc bng nhiu (bng con) ca quan h. Cascade Delete Related Records: cho php bn xa mu tin trong bng mt (bng cha) ca quan h, lc thay v bo li, Access s t ng xa tt c cc mu tin trong bng nhiu (bng con) ca quan h nu nh nhng mu tin c lin quan vi mu tin va xa. Lu : + Nu c hai field tham gia lin kt u l kha chnh, Access t to ra quan h 1-1 (One to one): mi mu tin trong bng ny s quan h vi 1 v ch mt mu tin trong bng kia. + Nu mt bn l field kha chnh, bn cn li l kha ngoi, Access s to quan h 1-nhiu (One to many): Mi mu tin trong bng mt (bng cha) c quyn quan h vi nhiu mu tin trong bng nhiu (bng con), ngc li mi mu tin trong bng nhiu ch c quyn quan h vi mt mu tin trong bng mt.

2.8.3. Cch xa quan h

Mun xa quan h gia 2 bng, ta Click phi mi quan h mun xa, chn Delete, hoc chn mi quan h v nhn phm Delete.

Lu :
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Nu nhp d liu trc khi to quan h th khi nhp liu ta c th nhp d liu cho cc bng theo trnh t ty . Ngc li, nu to quan h trc, nhp liu sau th khi nhp liu ta phi nhp bng 1 (bng cha) trc v bng n (bng con) sau.

2.8.4. Kiu kt ni (Join type):

C 3 kiu lin kt gia cc bng: 1: Only include rows where the joined field from both tables are equal: y l loi lin kt ph bin nht gia hai bng. Trong d liu khi th hin trn bng kt qu s gm nhng mu tin m d liu cha trong field lin kt hai bng phi hon ton ging nhau. Lin kt ny cn gi l lin kt ni. 2: Include all records from bng bn tri and only those records from bng bn phi where the joined fields are equal: Trong kiu lin kt ny, Access s th hin trn bng kt qu ton b d liu trn bng bn tri v ch nhng mu tin bn bng bn phi c ni dung trong field lin kt ging field tng ng vi bng bn tri. 3: Include all records from bng bn phi and only those records from bng bn tri where the joined fields are equal: Trong kiu lin kt ny, Access s th hin trn bng kt qu ton b d liu trn bng bn phi v ch nhng mu tin bn bng bn tri c ni dung trong field lin kt ging field tng ng vi bng bn phi. Cch chn kiu lin kt gia hai bng: T ca s Edit Relationships Click vo nt Join type m ca s Join Properties. Chn loi lin kt.

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2.9. Cc thao tc vi bng ch Datasheet view 2.9.1. Mt s nh dng trong ch Database View
thc hin cc thao tc nh dng bng, ta phi m bng ch DataSheet View. a) Thay i font ch: Trn thanh Ribbon chn tab Home. Trong nhm lnh Text Formatting, chn font ch cho Table v cc nh dng khc.

Click nt trn nhm Text Formatting s xut hin ca s Datasheet Formatting cho php bn hiu chnh cc thuc tnh ca Datasheet nh mu nn , mu li, b) Thay i rng ct: Khi to bng bng Datasheet View th Access to bng vi cc ct c rng mc nh, nu rng ca ct qu nh s lm cho d liu b che khut. thay i rng ca ct ta c th s dng mt trong cc cch sau: Cch 1: t tr ng bin bn phi ca ct, khi tr c dng mi tn 2 chiu th drag chut thay
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i rng ca ct. Cch 2: Click phi trn tn ca ct mun thay i rng v chn Field width. Nhp kch thc ca ct vo Column Width. c) Thay i v tr ct: Click vo tiu ct. Drag thay i v tr ct (chut vn ang ti tiu ct). d) Che du (Hide column) v hin th (Unhide column)ct: Chn ct mun n. Trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm lnh Records, click nt More, chn lnh Hide fields. Mun hin th ti ct b n, ta lm tng t nh thao tc n ct, nhng trong menu lnh ca nt More ta chn lnh Unhide fields. e) C nh v b c nh ct: Chn ct cn c nh. Trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm lnh Records, click nt More, chn lnh Freeze Fields. Ngc li, mun b c nh ct ta chn lnh UnFreeze All Fields. f) Thay i chiu cao dng: t con tr vo ng bin ca dng sao cho xut hin mi tn 2 chiu, Drag thay i chiu cao ca dng.
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2.9.2. Sp xp
a) Sp xp theo mt field t tr ti field cha d liu cn sp xp Click nt sort Ascending (sp xp tng dn)/Sort

Descending (sp xp gim dn) trong nhm lnh sort & Filter trn thanh Ribbon. b) Sp xp theo nhiu fields sp xp theo nhiu field, trong nhm lnh sort & Filter trn thanh Ribbon, click nt lnh Advanced filter options Chn lnh Filter/Sort Advanced

Xut hin ca s Filter Double click chn cc field cha d liu cn sp xp, th t u tin t tri sang phi. mc Sort chn kiu sp xp. thc hin sp xp ta chn lnh Apply Filter/Sort V d: Sp xp d liu trong bng HoaDon theo chiu tng dn ca MaKH, nu trng MaKH th sp xp theo MaNV tng dn, nu trng MaNV th sp xp theo NgayLapHD gim dn.

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2.9.3. Tm kim v thay th:

a) Tm kim: tm mt gi tr trong bng ta click nt Find trong nhm lnh Find trn thanh Ribbon . Xut hin ca s Find and Replace.

Find What: Nhp gi tr cn tm Look In: Phm vi tm kim. Kiu so trng gi tr cn tm vi gi tr trong Search: hng tm Match Case: Tm phn bit ch hoa v ch thng Click nt Find Next thc hin tm kim, nu tm ht access s cho xut hin hp thng bo hon tt vic tm kim.

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b) Thay th: Trong ca s Find and Replace, nu mun thay th cc gi tr c tm thy bng mt gi tr khc ta chn tab Replace.

Replace With: Nhp gi tr cn thay th. Click nt Replace thay th gi tr c tm thy hin ti. Click nt Replace All thay th ton b cc gi tr c tm thy.

2.9.4. Lc d liu
a) Filter by selection Filter by selection gip bn chn ra nhng Record da trn mt gi tr hin hnh. Cch thc hin: t tr ti field cha gi tr lc, chn gi tr lm iu kin lc. Click nt lnh Seletion trong nhm lnh Sort & Filter trn thanh Ribbon. Chn mt trong cc lnh trong menu: Equals : lc cc records c gi tr bng vi gi tr c chn. Does Not Equal: lc cc records c gi tr khc vi gi tr c chn.
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Contains : lc cc records cha gi tr c chn. Does Not Contains : lc cc records khng cha gi tr c chn. Ngoi ra, cng c th lc bng cch click nt cng c Selection button bn phi tn field. nh du check vo gi tr lm iu kin lc. Click OK b) Filter by form Filter by form gip bn lc bng cch nhp gi tr lc vo mt dng trn Datasheet. Click nt Advanced trong nhm lnh Sort & Filter, chn lnh Filter By Form. Chuyn dng Datasheet ca bng thnh mt dng trng, v xut hin cc nt Dropdown list trn mi field cho php chn gi tr lc.

Nu lc theo nhiu gi tr th click tab Or v chn gi tr lm iu kin lc tip theo. Click nt Toggle Filter thc hin lc. c) Advanced filter
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Chc nng Advanced filter cho php lc vi nhiu iu kin nhiu field khc nhau. Click nt Advanced, chn lnh Advanced filter/Sort, xut hin ca s Filter, vi cc dng: Field: Nhp tn cc field cha iu kin lc Sort: Chn kiu sp xp (nu c yu cu) Criteria: Nhp iu kin lc. Nu cc iu kin lc cc field bt buc tha mn ng thi (v) th cc iu kin phi c nhp trn cng mt dng. Nu cc iu kin khng tha mn ng thi (hoc) th nhp trn khc dng V d: Lc cc nhng sinh vin c mn hc CSDL v im thi ln 1>=5.

V d: Lc cc nhng sinh vin c mn hc CSDL hoc im thi ln 1>=5.

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Chng 3
TON T -HM -BIU THC
Trong Access khi x l d liu th cn n cc

3.1. Ton t 3.1.1. Ton t s hc

Ton t + * / \ Mod ^ M t Cng 2 ton hng Tr 2 ton hng Nhn 2 ton hng Chia 2 ton hng Php chia nguyn Chia ly phn d Ly tha V d [lng]+[thng] [lng]-[tm ng] [h s]*[lng cb] 15.2/2 5\2 5Mod 2 4^2

3.1.2. Ton t so snh

Ton t
= < <= > >= <>

V d ="MN"
<10 <=10 >10 >=10 <>10

M t Tm nhng record c gi tr l MN.

Tm nhng record c gi tr <10. Tm nhng record c gi tr <=10. Tm nhng record c gi tr >10. Tm nhng record c gi tr >=10. Tm nhng record c gi tr khc10.

Kt qu ca ton t so snh l True hoc False.

3.1.3. Ton t logic

Ton t And Or Not M t V Hoc o V d [im]<=5 And [nm sinh]>1990 [im]<=5 Or [nm sinh]>1990 Not True
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3.1.4. Ton t khc

Ton t BETWEEN V d BETWEEN #1/1/99# AND #12/31/99# ngha

LIKE IS NULL

LIKE "S*" IS NULL

IN(v1, v2, ) In(java, C++)

Tm nhng record c gi tr trong khong 1/1/99 v 12/31/99. Tm nhng record cha text c bt u bng k t "S." Tm nhng record c gi tr rng Tm nhng record c gi tr trong danh sch lit k.

3.1.5. Ton t ni chui

Dng ni cc chui thnh mt chui. Ton t & + V d Nguyn & & An Nguyn An. Nguyn + + An Nguyn An.

3.2. Hm 3.2.1. Hm x l kiu d liu Text

Hm Left(string, n) Right(string, n) Mid(string, m, n) Len(string) ngha Trch t bn tri ca string , n k t Trch ra t bn phi ca string, n k t V d Left(ABC, 2) Right(ABC, 2)

Trch ra t string, Mid(ABC,2,1) ti v tr m , n k t Tr v chiu di ca string

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Format(exp) UCase(exp) LCase(exp) Str(exp) Val(exp)

nh dng biu Format(Date(), ddthc theo cc dng mm-yyyy ) thc thch hp. Tr v phin bn ch hoa ca UCase(Lan) mt chui. Tr v phin bn ch thng ca LCase(Lan) mt chui. Chuyn mt s Str(123.45) thnh mt chui. Chuyn mt chui Val(123.45) thnh mt s

3.2.2. Hm ngy gi
Hm Date() Day(exp) Month(exp) Year(exp) ngha Hm tr v kt qu l ngy hin hnh ca my.
Tr v ngy trong thng.

V d Date()

Day(#6/12/2010#)

Tr v kt qu l thng trong biu thc ngy Tr v kt qu l nm trong biu thc ngy

Month(#6/12/2010#) Year(#6/12/2010#)

d: tr v ngy trong biu Datepart(q,#6/12/ thc ngy 2010#) m: tr v thng trong biu thc ngy datePart(d/ ww: tr v tun trong m/ww/q/yyy biu thc ngy y, exp) q: tr v qu trong biu thc ngy yyyy: tr v nm trong biu thc ngy
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3.2.3. Hm iu kin
IIf(<Biu thc iu kin>, <gi tr 1>, <gi tr 2>) Hm IIF tr v mt trong 2 gi tr: gi tr 1 hoc gi tr 2, ty thuc vo gi tr ca Biu thc iu kin. Biu thc iu kin: l mt biu thc logic cho kt qu l True hoc False. Gi tr 1: gi tr tr v ca hm IIF nu Biu thc iu kin c gi tr l true. Gi tr 2: gi tr tr v ca hm IIF nu Biu thc iu kin c gi tr l false V d: IIF([im]>=5, u, Rt)

3.2.4. Hm c s d liu
Hm Dcount: m s Record trong phm vi xc nh theo iu kin. Mc nh, hm khng m cc record c gi tr Null. Nu dng k t i din *, hm s m cc record c gi tr Null.

DCount(<Biu thc>, <Phm vi>, [iu kin])

V d: m s sinh vin lp CDTHA Dcount([Masv], SinhVien, [Malop]=CDTHA) Hm Dlookup: Tm gi tr trong phm vi c xc nh theo iu kin.

Dlookup(<Biu thc>, <Phm vi>, [iu kin])

V d: Tm sinh vin A01 thuc lp no Dlookup([MaLop], SinhVien, [MaSV]=A01)

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3.3. Biu thc

Trong Access, mt biu thc tng ng vi mt cng thc trong Excel. Mt biu thc bao gm cc yu t nh danh (tn ca cc field, iu khin, hoc thuc tnh), cc ton t, cc hng s, v gi tr v cc hm. Mt biu thc c tnh ton ly gi tr cung cp cho mt query, xc nh quy tc, to cc hoc field tnh ton, v xc nh phn nhm cho report. V d: To field tnh ton: ThanhTien: [soluong]*[dongia] Mt biu thc c th s dng nhiu i tng trong c s d liu nh: tables, queries, forms, reports, v macros. Trong cc biu thc, tn field, tn iu khin phi c t trong du ngoc vung [], thng thng Access s t ng ngoc vung quanh tn field hoc tn iu khin nhng nu tn field hoc iu khin bao gm cc khong trng hoc cc k t c bit, th bn phi t g du ngoc [] quanh tn .

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Chng 4
QUERY-TRUY VN D LIU
4.1. Khi nim
Mc ch chnh ca mt c s d liu l lu tr v trch lc thng tin. Thng tin c th c ly t c s d liu ngay lp tc sau khi d liu c thm vo. Tt nhin, ly thng tin t cc bng c s d liu i hi kin thc v cch thc m c s d liu c thit k. Query l cc cu lnh SQL (Structured Query Language - ngn ng truy vn mang tnh cu trc) l mt loi ngn ng ph bin to, hiu chnh, v truy vn d liu t mt c s d liu quan h. Trong access, Query l mt cng c mnh dng khai thc v x l d liu, p ng cc nhu cu tra cu d liu, gm cc loi query: simple select queries, parameter queries, crosstab queries v action queries.

4.2. Cc loi query

Select query: l truy vn la chn thng tin t mt hoc nhiu bng, to ra mt recordset. Ni chung, d liu tr v ca mt truy vn la chn l c th cp nht v thng c s dng a cc form v report. Total query: l mt loi c bit ca truy vn chn. Thc hin chc nng tng hp d liu trn mt nhm cc record. Crosstab query: l loi query c th hin th d liu di dng tm tt nh mt bng tnh, vi cc tiu hng v tiu ct da trn cc field trong bng. D liu trong cc ca Recordset c tnh ton t d liu trong cc bng. Top (n) query: Top (n) cho php bn ch nh mt s hoc t l phn trm ca record m bn mun tr v t bt k loi truy vn khc (select query, total query, ). Action query: gm cc loi query nh Make-Table, Delete, Update, Append cho php bn to ra cc bng mi hoc thay i d liu trong cc bng hin c ca c s d liu. action
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query khi thc thi s nh hng n nhiu recored trong cc bng.

4.3. Cch to select query bng Design view

to query bn chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, click nt query Design trong nhm lnh Queries. Xut hin ca s thit k query v ca s Show table cho php chn cc bng hoc query tham gia truy vn.

Chn cc bng cha cc field m bn mun hin th trong kt qu, hoc cc field cn trong cc biu thc tnh ton. Click nt Add thm cc bng vo ca s thit k query. Sau khi chn cc bng hoc query cn thit, click nt close ng ca s Show Table. Chn cc field cn hin th trong kt qu vo li thit k bng cch drag chut ko tn field trong field list hoc double click vo tn field. Nhp iu kin lc ti dng Criteria. Click nt View xem trc kt qu, click nt run thc thi.

4.3.1. Cc thnh phn trong ca s thit k query:

Ca s thit k query gm 2 phn

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Table/query pane: khung cha cc bng hoc query tham gia truy vn. Li thit k (Query by Example: QBE) : Cha tn field tham gia vo truy vn v bt k tiu chun c s dng chn cc records. Mi ct trong li QBE cha thng tin v mt field duy nht t mt bng hoc query trn Table/query pane. Li thit k bao gm cc thnh phn:
Field list Table/Query pane

Li QBE

Field: l ni m cc tn field c to vo hoc thm vo v hin th trong kt qu truy vn. Table: hin th tn ca cc bng cha cc field tng ng trn dng Field. Sort: ch nh kiu sp xp d liu ca cc field trong query. Show: quyt nh hin th cc field trong Recordset. Criteria: Nhp cc iu kin lc cc record. Or: thm cc iu kin lc tng ng vi php OR, nu cc biu thc iu kin cc field cng t trn mt dng th tng ng vi php AND.

4.3.2. Cc thao tc trong ca s thit k query:

a) Chn field trong li thit k: chn mt field hoc nhiu field trong li thit k, ta a chut ln trn tn field
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khi chut c dng mi tn mu en hng xung th click chut chn, drag chut chn nhiu field.

b) Di chuyn field: Drag chut trn tn field di chuyn c) Chn thm field hoc xa field: Chn thm field: click nt Insert Columns, mc nh ct mi s c chn vo trc field hin hnh. Xa field: chn field cn xa, click nt Delete Columns. d) To nhn cho field: lm cho bng d liu truy vn d dng hn c, bn c th cung cp cc nhn cho cc field trong truy vn iu ny khng nh hng n tn ca field hoc cch d liu c lu tr v s dng truy cp. Click phi trn tn field, chn properties Ti thuc tnh Caption, nhp nhn cho field. e) Thm Table/Query vo truy vn: Khi thit k query, nu cn chn thm bng, click nt Show Table trong nhm lnh Query Setup. f) Xa Table/Query trong khi truy vn: Click phi trn Table/Query cn xa, chn Remove Table.

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4.3.3. Cch nhp biu thc iu kin

Ngoi vic s dng cc truy vn chn cc field hin th cc thng tin cn thit, bn cn c th s dng cc truy vn hin th mt s cc record theo mt iu kin no . Biu thc iu kin l cc quy tc lc p dng cho d liu khi chng c chit xut t c s d liu, nhm gii hn cc record tr v ca truy vn. V d: ngi dng ch mum xem thng tin v cc sinh vin ca mt lp CDTHA. Biu thc iu kin c nhp trn dng Criteria v dng Or ca li thit k query v ti ct cha gi tr ca biu thc iu kin lc. V d: Chui iu kin CDTHA l gi tr trong field Malop, do chui CDTHA c nhp trn dng Critetia ti ct Malop.

a) Cc loi d liu dates, times, text, v gi tr trong biu thc iu kin: Kiu d liu V d Text Text Date #1-Feb-2010# Time #12:00AM# Number 10 Field name [field name]

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b) Ton t c s dng trong biu thc iu kin: Ton t V d

= < <= > >= <> Between and

[Ngaylaphd]=#01/01/08# [Ngaylaphd]<#01/01/08#
Year([ngaysinh])<=1980 [soluong]>50 [dongia]>=100 [donvitinh]<>Kg

Like Is null In(v1, v2, )

Between 1/1/99 And 12/31/99 Like "s*" Is null In(java, c++)

Ngoi ra cc hm ngy gi, hm d liu chui, cng c s dng trong biu thc iu kin.

4.3.4. Truy vn c nhiu iu kin nhiu fields

Khi bn mun gii hn cc records da trn nhiu iu kin nhiu field khc nhau, th Access s kt hp cc iu kin li vi nhau bng cch s dng ton t And v Or, cho hai trng hp: Nu cc iu kin phi c tho mn ng thi th cc iu kin phi c lin kt nhau bi php AND, bng cch nhp cc iu kin trn cng mt dng Criteria trong li thit k query. V d: Tm nhng sinh vin c im mn CSDL >=5

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Nu ch cn tha mn mt trong cc iu kin th cc iu kin c lin kt nhau bi php OR, bng cch nhp cc iu kin trn cc dng khc nhau trong li thit k query. V d: Tm nhng sinh vin c im mn CSDL hoc CTDL >=5

4.3.5. Top value

Chc nng top value c s dng hin th nhng record trn cng ca danh sch c to ra bi mt truy vn. a) Cch thc hin: Nu mun hin th danh sch cc record c gi tr cao nht field c ch nh th sp xp field theo chiu gim dn (Descending) Nu mun hin th danh sch cc record c gi tr thp nht field c ch nh th sp xp field theo chiu tng dn (Ascending). Trong return ta nhp vo s gi tr mun hin th. b) Cc ty chn trong Top Values: All : Hin th tt c cc record ca Query. 5 : Hin th 5 record u tin. 25 : Hin th 25 record u tin.
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100 : Hin th 100 record u tin. 5% : Hin th 5% record u tin trn tng s record. 25% : Hin th 25% record u tin trn tng s record. Nu cc record thuc Top Values c gi tr trng nhau th chng cng xut hin trong kt qu. Nu mun ch xut hin duy nht mt record trong cc record c gi tr trng nhau ta click phi trong ca s thit k query chn properties, ti thuc tnh Unique Values chn yes.

4.3.6. To field tnh ton trong query

Access c th thc hin cc php ton trong cc query, form, report, v macro. Tuy nhin cc field tnh ton thng c thc hin trong query, t , bt k form, report, hoc macro c s dng cc truy vn ny s t ng truy cp tnh gi tr. lm c cc php tnh trong mt truy vn, bn to mt field tnh ton mi trong query. Tn ca field tnh ton khng trng vi tn ca cc field trong bng. C php: Field Name: Expression V d: To Field ThanhTien:[SoLuong]*[DonGiaBan]

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4.3.7. S dng Expresstion Builder

Expression Builder l mt cng c gip bn to cc biu thc nhanh v d dng hn v c th truy cp vo th vin hm ca Access. s dng Expression Builder xy dng mt biu thc iu kin hoc to mt field mi trong query ta thc hin nh sau: Trong ca s thit k query. Click nt Builder trong nhm lnh Query Setup. Xut hin ca s Expression Builder bao gm khung trn cng cho php nhp biu thc, bn di l 3 khung gip bn tm tn field v cc hm cn thit cho biu thc. Khung Expression Elements cha cc i tng trong c s d liu. chn cc field a vo biu thc ta m mc Database bng cch double click vo tn ca c s d liu hin hnh, chn table hoc query, cc field trong table hoc query s hin th trong khung Expression Categories, double click chn tn field a vo biu thc. chn hm bn click mc function Khung Expression Categories: hin th cc thnh phn ca expression theo nhm. Khung Expression values cha gi tr ca cc phn t trong biu thc, hoc cc hm nu chn function trong khung Expression elements.
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4.4. Total query

Access cung cp chc nng kt nhm cc record v thc hin cc php thng k d liu trn nhm record . Cc hm count, sum, min, max, avg l cc hm c bn trong Total Query. V d: m tt c cc hc sinh trong mi lp. Kt qu ca query trc khi tng hp d liu M Lp CDTH1A CDTH1A CDTH1A CDTH1A CDTH1B CDTH1B CDTH1B CDTH1B CDTH1B CDTH2A CDTH2A CDTH2A CDTH2A Tn Lp Cao ng Tin Hc 1A Cao ng Tin Hc 1A Cao ng Tin Hc 1A Cao ng Tin Hc 1A Cao ng Tin Hc 1B Cao ng Tin Hc 1B Cao ng Tin Hc 1B Cao ng Tin Hc 1B Cao ng Tin Hc 1B Cao ng Tin Hc 2A Cao ng Tin Hc 2A Cao ng Tin Hc 2A Cao ng Tin Hc 2A M SV A101 A102 A103 A104 B101 B102 B103 B104 B105 A201 A202 A203 A204

Group by

Sau khi tng hp d liu ta c kt qu: M Lp Tn Lp CDTH1A Cao ng Tin Hc 1A CDTH1B Cao ng Tin Hc 1B CDTH2A Cao ng Tin Hc 2A TongsoSV 4 5 4

4.4.1. Cch to Total Query:

to mt Total query, bn thc hin cc bc sau: To mt query mi bng Design view. Chn cc table cn s dng trong query t ca s Show Table. Chn cc field cha d liu cn thng k vo li thit k.
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Chn Query Tools, chn tab Design. Trong nhm lnh Show/Hide, click nt Totals. Trn li thit k query xut hin thm dng Total. Ti mi field, chn cc ty chn trn dng Total.

4.4.2. Cc ty chn trn dng Total:

Ty chn Group by Sum Avg Max Min Count First Last ngha Nhm cc record c gi tr ging nhau ti mt s field c ch nh thnh mt nhm. Tnh tng cc gi tr trong mt nhm record ti field c ch nh. Tnh trung bnh cng cc gi tr trong mt nhm record ti field c ch nh. Tm gi tr ln nht trong nhm record ti field c ch nh. Tm gi tr nh nht trong nhm record ti field c ch nh. m s record trong nhm. Tm gi tr u tin trong nhm ti ct c ch nh. Tm gi tr cui cng trong cc gi tr trn ct
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ca nhm. Expression Dng cho field cha biu thc tnh ton. Dng cho field cha iu kin dng lc Where Record trc khi tnh ton v khng hin th trong kt qu.

4.5. Queries tham s (Parameter Queries)

Query tham s l query nhc ngi dng nhp iu kin cho query ti thi im query thc thi. Cch to: Trong ca s thit k query, chn cc bng/query tham gia truy vn. Chn cc field hin th trong kt qu . Ti field cha iu kin lc, nhp cu nhc trn dng Critetia v t trong cp du [ ]. V d: Xem thng tin im ca mt sinh vin ty

Khi thc thi query, chng trnh yu cu nhp gi tr cho t h a m s

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4.6. Crosstab query 4.6.1. Khi nim:

Crosstab query l mt query dng tng hp d liu di dng bng tnh hai chiu, trong tiu ca dng v ct ca bng l cc gi tr c kt nhm t cc field trong bng d liu, phn thn ca bng tnh l d liu c thng k bi cc hm: Sum, count, avg, min, max, v cc chc nng khc. V d: Thng k tng s sinh vin theo loi gii, kh, trung bnh, yu theo tng lp.
Dng crosstab query Dng Total query

4.6.2. Cch to:

a) To Crosstab query bng chc nng Wizard: Trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Create. Trong nhm lnh Query, chn Query Wizard. Trong ca s New Query, chn Crosstab Query Wizard OK.

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Chn d liu ngun cho Crosstab Query, c th l table hoc Query Next.

Chn field lm Row heading trong khung Available Fields Click nt > chn field. Click Next.

Chn field lm column heading Next.

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Chn field cha d liu thng k trong khung Fields. Chn hm thng k trong khung Function Next Nhp tn cho query v click nt Finish kt thc. Hn ch khi to crosstab query bng wizard: Nu cc field trong Crosstab query c ly t nhiu bng hoc trong query c cha cc iu kin lc d liu th phi to mt select query cha tt c cc field v cc iu kin, sau ly select query ny lm d liu ngun to crosstab query. b) To Crosstab query bng Design Mt crosstab query cn t nht l 3 field: Mt field ly gi tr lm tiu cho ct gi l column heading. Mt field (hoc nhiu field) ly gi tr lm tiu cho dng gi l row heading. Mt field cha d liu thng k (Value) V d:
Column heading

Row heading

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to mt Crosstab query bng Design View ta thc hin nh sau: Trong ca s thit k Query, trn thanh Ribbon, chn Query Tools, ch Tab Design. Trong nhm lnh Query Type, chn Crosstab. Trong li thit k query xut hin thm dng Crosstab v dng Total.

Ch nh chc nng cho cc field: i vi cc field lm row heading v column heading th trn dng Total ta chn chc nng Group by, trn dng Crosstab, ch nh chc nng Row Heading hoc Column Heading. i vi field cha d liu thng k th trn dng Total, chn hm thng k (Sum, Avg, Count, Min, Max, ), trn dng Crosstab chn Value. i vi cc field cha iu kin lc d liu th trn dng Total chn Where, cc field ny s khng xut hin trong kt qu. Lu : Row Heading v Column Heading c th hon i nhau, nhng i vi nhng field cha nhiu gi tr th nn chn lm Row Heading.
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4.7. Cc loi query to bng chc nng Wizard 4.7.1. Find Duplicate query
Find Duplicate query Wizard dng tm nhng record c gi tr trng lp mt s field. V d, tm nhng nhn vin c trng ngy sinh, trng tn, Cch to: Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon, chn tab Create. Trong nhm lnh Queries click nt Query Wizard. Trong ca s New Query chn Find Duplicate query Wizard. Xut hin ca s Find Duplicates query wizard OK. Chn bng cha field mun tm d liu trng lp Next. Chn field cha d liu trng lp Next. Chn cc field mun hin th trong kt qu Next. Nhp tn cho query Finish.

4.7.2. Find Unmatched query Wizard

Trong quan h 1-n, mt record trong bng 1 quan h vi nhiu record trong bng n. Tuy nhin cng c nhng record khng quan h vi bt k record no trong bng n. V d, nhng nhn vin cha tham gia lp ha n, nhng nhn vin ny tn ti trong bng NHANVIEN, nhng khng tn ti trong bng HOADON. Find Unmatched query Wizard dng tm nhng record c trong bng 1 nhng khng c trong bng n
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Cch to: Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon, chn tab Create. Trong nhm lnh Queries click nt Query Wizard. Trong ca s New Query chn Find Unmatched query Wizard OK. Xut hin ca s Find Unmatched query wizard. Chn bng 1 l bng cha cc record cn tm Next Chn bng n l bng cha record quan h Next V d: tm nhng sinh vin cha thi, bng 1 l bng SINHVIEN, bng n l bng KETQUA, field quan h l field MASV Chn field quan h gia hai bng Next. Chn cc field hin th trong kt qu Next. Nhp tn cho query Finish.

4.8. Action query

Action query l loi query m khi thc thi s lm thay i d liu trong cc bng ca c s d liu, s thay i c th lm cho c s d liu b sai, do trc khi thc thi cc loi action query bn nn chp mt file d phng. C 4 loi action query: Update query. Make-Table query. Append query. Delete query.

4.8.1. Update query

a) Chc nng Update query dng cp nht d liu trong cc bng.
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b) Cch to Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon chn tab Create, trong nhm lnh Queries, click nt Query Design. Chn cc bng cha d liu mun cp nht. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang tab Design Trong nhm lnh Query Type, Click nt Update, Trong li thit k xut hin dng Update to. Chn field cha d liu cn cp nht v cc field cha iu kin. Ti field cha d liu mun cp nht v trn dng Update to ta nhp biu thc cp nht d liu.

c) Thc thi Update Query: Click nt run thc thi query. Khi thc thi query s xut hin hp thoi thng bo s record c Update.

Nu ng click yes. Xem kt qu trong bng cha d liu Update.

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4.8.2. Make-Table query

a) Chc nng Make-Table dng to mt bng mi da trn cc bng hoc query c sn. b) Cch to Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon chn tab Create, trong nhm lnh Queries, click nt Query Design. Chn cc bng hoc query lm d liu ngun cho MakeTable. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang tab Design Chn cc field mun hin th trong bng mi. Trong nhm lnh Query Type, click nt Make-Table. Xut hin hp thoi Make Table vi cc ty chn: Table name: Nhp tn bng mi. CurrentDatabase: Bng mi c lu trong c s d liu hin hnh. Another Database: Bng mi c lu trong mt c s d liu khc, click nt browse tm c s d liu cha bng mi. Click nt OK to Make-Table.

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c) Thc thi Make-Table Query Click nt Run thc thi query, xut hin hp thng bo s record c a vo bng mi.

Nu ng Click yes, khi bng mi s c to, xem kt qu trong phn Table.

4.8.3. Append query

a) Chc nng Append query dng ni d liu vo cui mt bng c sn. b) Cch to Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon chn tab Create, trong nhm lnh Queries, click nt Query Design. Chn cc bng hoc query lm d liu ngun cho Append Query. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang tab Design. Chn cc field cha d liu ni vo bng c sn, cc field c chn phi tng ng vi cc field trong bng mun ni d liu vo. Click nt Append trong nhm lnh Query Type. Xut hin hp thoi Append Chn bng mun ni d liu vo.

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Trong li thit k xut hin dng Append to, cha tn cc field tng ng trong bng c sn. c) Thc thi Append query Click nt run thc thi query. Xut hin hp thng bo s record c ni vo.

Nu ng a) Chc nng:

click yes, xem kt qu trong phn Table.

4.8.4. Delete query

Delete query xa cc record t cc bng, thng thng da trn cc iu kin m bn cung cp, Delete query xa tt c cc record trong mt bng trong khi vn gi nguyn cu trc ca bng. Delete Query l nguy him v n xa vnh vin d liu t cc bng trong c s d liu ca bn, do trc khi thc thi loi query ny cn phi c mt backup. b) Cch to: Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, trn thanh Ribbon chn tab Create, trong nhm lnh Queries, click nt Query Design. Chn bng hoc query cha d liu cn xa. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang tab Design. Click nt Delete trong nhm Query Type. Chn field cha iu kin xa, li thit k xut hin dng Delete ti field cha iu kin xa ta chn where. Nhp iu kin xa trn dng Criteria.
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c) Thc thi Delete Query Click nt run thc thi, xut hin hp thng bo s record b xa

Nu ng yes, cc record trong bng b xa, xem kt qu trong phn Table.

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Chng 5
FORM-BIU MU
5.1. Gii thiu
Form l giao din chnh dng giao tip gia ngi dng v ng dng, form c s dng nhp d liu, xem thng tin, chnh sa d liu, hin th thng bo, iu khin ng dng, thit k form cn phi chn d liu ngun cho form, d liu ngun ca form c th l table hoc query. Nu d liu ngun l cc field trn mt bng th ly bng lm d liu ngun, nu d liu ngun l cc field trn nhiu bng th phi to query lm d liu ngun cho form.

5.2. Cch to form

to form, chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, chn cch to form bng cc nt lnh trong nhm lnh Forms. Form Design: To ra mt Form mi trng v hin th n trong ch Design View. Nu mt Table hoc Query c chn trong khung Navigation th khi click nt Form Design, form mi s t ng b rng buc vi ngun d liu l Table hoc Query . Blank Form: To ra mt form trng, form mi khng b rng buc vi mt ngun d liu, v n s m ra trong ch Layout View. Bn phi ch nh mt ngun d liu (bng hoc truy vn) v thit k form bng cch thm cc iu khin t field list. Form Wizard: Access h tr cc bc thit k form n gin. Wizard s yu cu cc ngun d liu, chn cc field hin th trn form, v cho php bn chn layout cho form mi. Navigation Form: l mt form c bit hon ton mi trong Access 2010, nhm thit k form dng Navigation user, cho php ngi dng d dng di chuyn gia cc thnh phn trong form.
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5.2.1. To mt Single Form

Access cung cp mt cch d dng v thun li to mt form da trn d liu ngun l Table/Query. Cch thc hin: Tronng Navigation, chn table hoc query m bn mun s dng lm d liu ngun cho from. Chn tab trn thanh Ribbon Trong nhm lnh Form, click nt Form. Xut hin mt Form mi dng Layout view Single form hin th mt record ti mt thi im Mc nh mi field hin th trn mt dng v theo th t ca cc field trong bng hoc query d liu ngun.

Nu d liu ngun ca form l bng cha c lin kt vi bng con, th kt qu form s hin th cc record quan h trong bng con. V d:

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5.2.2. To form bng chc nng Form Wizard

Chc nng Form Wizard l cng c to form qua cc bc trung gian vi mt lot cc cu hi gi gip bn chn la v xy dng mt form ph hp nht. Cch to: Trong ca s lm vic ca Access, chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon. Click nt Form Wizard trong nhm lnh Forms. Xut hin ca s Form Wizard Chn Table hoc Query lm d liu ngun cho form. Chn cc field hin th trn form trong khung Available Fields, click nt chn mt field, click nt chn tt c cc field trong Table/Query d liu ngun, c th chn nhiu fields trn nhiu bng. Click Next. Chn dng form gm cc dng: Columnar. Tabular. Datasheet Click Next. Nhp tiu cho form

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5.2.3. To Form bng Design

Cng c Form v Form Wizard gip bn thit k form mt cch nhanh chng v d dng. Vi Design view, bn s thit k mt form bng tay m khng c s h tr no ca Access. C hai cch thit k mt form bng Design view: Form Design v Layout View (Blank Form). a) Layout View: Vi cch thit k ny bn c th can thip vo cc control: Textbox, checkbox, label, nh di chuyn chng, thay i kch thc chng, thm hoc loi b cc iu khin. Layout view lm cho vic sp xp cc control tr nn d dng hn. Cch to: Chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Blank Form trong nhm lnh Forms. Xut hin mt form trng ch Layout view. Drag chut ko cc field t field list vo form

b) Design view Khi thit k form bng Design view th cc control khi th vo form n khng t ng canh theo hng v ct nh Blank Form.

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Cch to: Chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Design View trong nhm lnh Forms. Xut hin mt form trng ch Design view. Drag chut ko cc field t field list vo form.

c) Cc phn trong ca s thit k form Form header: Cha ni dung tiu ca form. chn ni dung vo tiu ca form ta s dng cc cng c trong nhm lnh Header/Footer Form footer: Cha ni dung ca phn cui form, thng t cc tnh ton thng k d liu cho form trong phn form footer. bt hoc tt thanh form Header/Footer click phi trn thanh Header/Footer ca form, chn hoc b chn lnh Form Header/Footer.

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Detail: cha ni dung chnh ca form, phn ny hin th ni dung trong d liu ngun ca form hoc cc control a vo t toolbox. d) Thit lp thuc tnh ca form Chn form cn thit lp thuc tnh. Click nt Properties Sheet. Chn thuc tnh. Cc thuc tnh trong Properties Sheet c hin th theo tng nhm. e) Cc thuc tnh quan trng trong nhm Format: Thuc tnh Cng dng Caption To tiu cho form. Thit lp dng hin th ca form. Single Form ch hin th mt Record ti mt thi im. Default view Continuous Form: hin th cc record lin tip nhau. Datasheet hin th d liu dng bng. Scroll Bar Thit lp ch hin th thanh cun. Record Bt/tt thanh chn record. Selectors Navigation Bt/tt cc nt duyt record. Buttons Dividing lines Bt/tt cc ng k phn cch cc phn ca form. Auto Center T ng hin th form ngay gia mn hnh. Border Style Chn kiu ng vin ca form. Min Max botton Bt/tt nt Max/Min. Close Button Bt/tt nt close form. Picture Canh v tr cho cc picture trn form. Alignment

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f) Cc thuc tnh thng dng trong nhm Data Thuc tnh Cng dng Record Source Chn d liu ngun cho form. Filter Khai bo iu kin lc. Order by Khai bo field cn sp xp s liu. Allow filter Cho php/khng cho php lc cc record. Allow Edits Cho php/ khng cho php chnh sa. Allow Additions Cho php nhp thm cc record hay khng.

5.3. S dng Form

Mt form khi thit k xong, n c ba dng xem: Layout view, Design view, Form view. Layout view: cho php bn xem nhng g trng ging nh form ca bn, sp xp li cc field, v p dng nh dng. Design view: cho php bn tinh chnh li form, trong ch design view, bn khng nhnh thy d liu thc. Form view: hai dng form Layout view v Design view gip bn hiu chnh thit k form, th Form view l dng form c s dng thc hin cc thao tc trn d liu thng qua form.

5.3.1. Tm kim v chnh sa mt record

a) S dng form tm kim mt record M form dng form view. Chn tab Home trn thanh Ribbon. t tr trong field cha d liu cn tm, Click nt Find trong nhm lnh Find. Xut hin ca s Find and Replace. Find What: nhp gi tr cn tm. Look in: Phm vi tm kim. Search: Hng tm Match: Chn cch so trng gi tr nhp trong Find What vi gi tr trong field cha d liu cn tm.
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b) Thay th hoc chnh sa d liu Khi tm thy record cn tm, bn thc hin chnh sa th gi tr sau khi chnh sa s cp nht xung bng. Nu cn thay th gi tr th chn tab Replace trong ca s Find and Replace. Nhp gi tr cn thay th trong Replace with Click nt Replace hoc Replace All nu cn thay tt c gi tr trong bng.

5.3.2. Thm mt record

Khi lm vic trn form, thm mt record mi bn thc hin nh sau:

M form ch form view click nt New Record trn thanh Navigation button bn di ca s form. Form s chuyn n record trng, cho php bn nhp d liu. Tuy nhin khi nhp d liu phi tha mn cc rng buc trong c s d liu.

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5.3.3. Xa mt record
Di chuyn n record cn xa. Trong nhm lnh Record trn thanh Ribbon, chn lnh Delete Chn Delete Record. Tuy nhin khi xa record phi xem xt nh hng n cc Record quan h.

5.3.4. Lc d liu trn form.

M form dng Form view. Trong nhm lnh Sort & Filter trn thanh Ribbon, click nt Advanced, Chn lnh Filter by Form. Form chuyn sang dng Filter. Click nt combobox ca field cha gi tr chn iu kin lc. Nu c nhiu iu kin th bn chn tab OR bn di ca s Filter, chn iu kin lc tip theo. Click nt Toggle Filter thc hin lc. Click nt Toggle Filter b lc.
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5.4. Ty bin form trong ch Desing view 5.4.1. Thm mt control vo form
thm mt control vo form ta lm cc bc nh sau: Chuyn form sang dng Design view, Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang Form Design Tools. Chn tab Design, trong nhm Control, chn cc control Drag chut v vo form ti bt k v tr no m bn mong mun.

i vi cc control c s tr gip ca Control Wizard th c th thit k bng hai cch: Design hoc Wizard bng cch bt tt nt Cotrol Wizard.

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Trung tm Tin hc ngha C 2 loi Bound control: cha ni dung ca field Unbound control: khng c d liu ngun, thng dng nhp cng thc tnh ton. S dng to nhn hoc hyperlink Nt lnh dng thc hin lnh khi click Hin th d liu thnh tng nhm trn nhiu tab khc nhau. To hyperlink Ca s trnh duyt Tab dng hin th From hoc Report trong c s d liu. Nhm cc ty chn Ngt trang L mt Drop-down menu cho php chn mt ty chn trong danh sch hoc nhp thm ty chn mi To mt th bng wizard V ng thng Nt c hai trng thi on/off L mt Drop-down menu cho php chn mt ty chn trong danh sch nhng khng c nhp thm gi tr mi V hnh ch nht Hp chn, c hai trng thi check v uncheck Cho php nhng cc i tng t cc phn mm khc nh: graph, picture, -84-

5.4.2. Cc loi form control

Control Tn

Textbox

Label Button Tab Hyperlink Web Browser Navigation Option group Page Break Combo box Char Line Toggle button List box Rectangle Check box Unbound object frame

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Attachment Option button Subform/ Subreport Bound object frame Image

Trung tm Tin hc m n khng c lu tr trong field ca bng S dng cho nhng field c kiu Attachment L mt thnh phn ca option group Dng to subform hoc subreport Cho php nhng cc i tng t cc phn mm khc nh: graph, picture, m n c lu tr trong field ca bng Hnh loi Bitmap

5.4.3. nh dng cc control trn form

a) Canh l cho cc control Chn cc control cn canh l v thc hin mt trong cc cch nh sau: Click phi v chn Align, sau chn mt trong cc kiu canh l trn submenu. Chn tab Arrange trn Form Design Tools. Trong nhm lnh Sizing & Ordering, click nt Align v chn mt trong cc kiu canh l trong Submenu. b) Hiu chnh kch thc v khong cch gia cc control trn form Chn cc control cn hin chnh. Chn tab Arrange trn Form Design Tools. Trong nhm lnh Sizing & Ordering, click nt Size/Space. Chn lnh hiu chnh thch hp.

5.4.4. Thit lp thuc tnh cho control

Chn control cn thit lp thuc tnh Click nt properties Sheet trong nhm lnh Tools trn thanh Ribbon
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5.5. Cch to cc control c h tr ca chc nng Wizard 5.5.1. Command button:

a) To bng wizard Chn button trong nhm Controls, drag chut v vo form. Xut hin ca s Command button Wizard. Trong khung Categories chn nhm lnh. Record Navigation: cha cc lnh di chuyn gia cc record nh: + Go To First Record: di chuyn n record u, + Go To Last Record: di chuyn n record cui, + Go To Next Record: di chuyn n record k record hin hnh, + Go To Previous Record: di chuyn n record trc record hin hnh. Cc lnh ny thng dng to thanh navigation buttons trn form. Record Operations: gm cc lnh thm record hoc xa record nh: + Add New Record: Thm record mi. + Delete Record: Xa record
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+ Duplicate Record: To cc record c gi tr trng tt c cc field. + Print Record: + Save Record: lu nhng thay i trc khi chuyn n record tip theo. + Undo Record: Hy s thay i sau cng. Form Operations: gm cc lnh v form + CloseForm: ng form hin hnh. + Print Current Form: in form hin hnh. + Open Form: M mt form khc. Report Operations: gm cc lnh v Report + Open Report: m report. + Preview Report: xem mt report trc khi in. + Print Report: in report. Application: gm lnh lin quan n ng dng nh Quit Application. Miscellaneous: cha nhng lnh tng hp + Run Query + Run Macro. Chn lnh cho nt trong khung Action, click Next. Chn Text hoc Picture hin th trn nt, click Next. t tn cho nt, Finish. b) To bng design Tt nt wizard. Chn nt button trong nhm controls. Drag chut v vo form. Gn lnh bng cch click phi trn nt, chn Build event. Chn Macro builder, Trong khung New Action, chn lnh Close Window. in cc argument vo cc khung
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Object type: Form Object name: Nhp tn form.

5.5.2. Option group:

a) To bng wizard Chn cng c option group trong nhm Controls. Xut hin ca s Option group Wizard. Nhp nhn cho cc option, click Next. Chn/khng chn option mc nh, click Next. Nhp gi tr cho cc option, mc nh, option u tin s c option value l 1, click Next.

Chn v tr lu tr gi tr ca option group, click Next. Chn loi option trong option group v style cho option group, cc option ny c hnh dng khc nhau nhng chc nng l ging nhau, click Next. Nhp nhn cho Option group, click Finish.

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b) To bng design Tt nt Control Wizard. Click nt Option group trong nhm Controls v vo form. Chn loi Option v vo trong khung ca Option group. M Properties Sheet ca Option group v thit lp cc thuc tnh sau: Control source: chn field cha d liu ngun cho option group. Ln lt chn tng option v gn gi tr cho thuc tnh option value.

5.5.3. Combo box v List box:

a) To bng wizard: Chn cng c Combo box/List box trong nhm Controls. Drag chut v vo form, xut hin ca s Combo box Wizard vi hai la chn ng vi hai chc nng ca combo box: Nu chn I want the combo box to get the values from another table or query th sau khi click Next thc hin bc tip theo ta chn bng cha d liu ngun cho Combo box, d liu ngun c th l Table hoc Query, click Next.

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Chn field cha d liu a vo Combo box, click nt mt chn field hoc

click nt chn nhiu field, click Next.

Chn field sp xp (c th b qua), mc nh cc field c sp xp, click Next.

iu chnh rng ca ct d liu trong combo box. Hide key column (recommended): n hoc hin ct kha. Mc nh mc Hide key column c chn (ct kha b n), nu mun combo box hin th field kha th b check, click Next.
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Chn field cha gi tr ca combo box, click Next. Nhp nhn cho combo box, click Finish. Nu chn I will type in the values that I want, th sau khi chn xong, click Next. Nhp s ct trong Number of columns, Nhp gi tr cho cc ct trong combo box, click Next. Nhp
combo Finish. nhn box, cho click

b) To bng Design: Tt nt wizard. Click nt combo box trong nhm Controls drag chut v vo form. S dng Properties Sheet thit lp cc thuc tnh sau: Thuc tnh ngha Chn field d liu ngun ca Combo box ControlSource (list box). RowSource Loi d liu ngun: Table, Query, Field list, Type Value list Gi tr ca ct c tr v khi chn mt mc BoundColumn chn trong combo box (list box). ColumnCount S ct hin th trong combo box (list box).
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RowSource

Ngun d liu ca combo box (list box). Nu RowSourceType l Value List th nhp danh sch cc gi tr cch nhau bng du chm phy. Nu l Table/Query th phi chn tn bng, tn query hay cu lnh SQL.

V d: To form ha n ly d liu ngun t bng HoaDon, khi to combo box MaKH ta thit lp cc thuc tnh sau:

5.6. Form v nhng bng lin kt

Access 2010 nhn ra cc quan h khi to mt form mi t mt bng cha. Nu bng cha c nhiu bng con th Access ch hin th cc record trong mt bng, n s chn bng u tin m n tm thy. V d bng LOP v bng SINHVIEN trong c s d liu QLSV. Khi to form t bng lp th n s hin th danh sch cc record quan h trong bng con SINHVIEN.

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5.6.1. Subform control

Subforms l khng th thiu cho vic hin th thng tin t hai bng khc nhau hoc cc truy vn trn cng mt form. Thng thng, subforms c s dng khi d liu ngun trong main c quan h mt-nhiu vi d liu ngun ca subform. Nhiu record trong subform c lin kt vi mt record trong mainform. Access s dng cc thuc tnh LinkMasterFields v LinkChildFields ca subform la chn cc record trong subform c lin quan n mi record trong mainform. a) To bng Wizard: To main form: d liu ngun ca main form thng l thng tin bng cha, do dng form thng l nhng dng hin th mt record ti mt thi im nh columnar. M main form ch Design. Bt nt Wizard. control

Chn cng c SubForm/SubReport trong nhm Controls v vo Form, xut hin ca s SubForm Wizard vi hai ty chn: Use existing Tables and Queries (s dng bng v cc query lm d liu ngun cho subform) Next.
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Chn bng hoc query lm d liu ngun cho sub form, trong bng hoc query phi c field lin kt vi main form Next. Chn field lin kt vi subform Next. Nhp tn cho subform Finish. Use an existing form: s dng form c sn lm subform. Chn form lm subform Next Nhp tn cho SubForm Finish b) To bng Design: Nu d liu ngun ca subform c ly t nhiu bng th phi to query, trong query phi cha field lin kt vi main form (link child filed) Dng ca subform th hin quan h n, do thng chn dng Datasheet hoc Tabular. M main form ch design, chn cng c subform/Subreport trong nhm Controls drag chut v vo main form. M Properties Sheet v thit lp cc thuc tnh: Source object: Chn Table/Query lm d liu ngun cho Subform, hoc chn form nu thit k form lm subform. Link child field: nhp tn ca field trong subform lin kt vi main form Link master field: nhp tn field ca main form lin kt vi subform.

5.6.2. Hiu chnh subform:

Khi ch nh thuc tnh Source Object cho Subform th form xut hin vi dng mc nh c quy nh trong thuc tnh Default view. Tuy nhin, nu bn mun s dng mt form hon ton ring bit bn c th ty bin n.

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5.6.3. To tnh ton trong subform

Khi to mt subform, bn c th mun hin th subform thng tin tng hp dng tng th. V d, bn c th mun hin th s lng ca cc record trong subform ti mt v tr no trn Mainform. V d: Cn hin th s s sinh vin trong mi lp trn main form

Trc khi t tnh ton tng hp d liu trn Mainform th gi tr ca n phi c tnh trong Subform. tnh ton tng hp d liu phi c t trong phn footer ca Subform. V d: m tng s sinh vin theo lp.

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Sau , trn Mainform bn chn mt text box vi ControlSource c thit lp gi tr nh sau: =[SubformName].Form![ControlName_inSubform]

Trong : SubformName: l tn ca Subform ControlName_inSubform: tn ca tnh ton tng hp d liu trong Subform. V d:

5.7. Tab control

Tab control l mt cng c cho php bn c th hin th nhiu ni dung trn mt khng gian hn ch, bng cch cc t chc ni dung cn hin th trn tng trang ring bit. Tab control khng phi l la chn tt v nhc im ca n l cn phi click chut di chuyn t tab ny sang tab khc. Mt tab control c ngha nht khi cc form c thit k ch yu cho vic xem hoc chnh sa d liu, nu d liu ny c th c chia thnh cc nhm logic, v cng vic chnh sa thng ch lin quan n mt nhm, th tab control l la chn tt.
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5.7.1. S dng tab control

Trong Form Design Tools trn thanh Ribbon Chn Design, trong nhm Controls, click nt Tab Control V tab control vo form ti v tr thch hp. Thm tt c cc trang cn thit.

5.7.2. Hiu chnh tab Control

a) Thm v xa tab Khi to mi mt tab control th lun mc nh c hai trang bn c th thm hoc xa bng cch Click phi chn Insert hoc Delete Page. b) To nhn cho cc tab Chn tab mun to nhn. M Properties Sheet Chn thuc tnh caption: nhp nhn cho cc trang. c) Sp xp li th t tab Sp xp th t ca cc trang bng cch click phi trn tab chn Page Order Chn Page click nt Move Up/Move Down. d) t cc control vo trang Chn trang thch hp. Chn control trong Navigation pane, drag chut a vo trang.

5.8. Navigation Form

Access 2010 gii thiu mt dng form mi l Navigation form, l mt form c mt navigation control m n c th hin th mt hoc nhiu form v report, navigation control c nhiu tab gip bn c th di chuyn nhanh n bt k mt form khc, hoc form dng Main/Sub.
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5.8.1. To Single level Navigation Form:

Trong nhm lnh Forms trn thanh Ribbon, click nt dropdown Navigation. Chn dng Navigation, gm cc dng: Horizontal Tabs. Vertical Tabs, Left. Vertical Tabs, Right. Horizontal Tabs, 2 levels Horizontal Tabs and Vertical Tabs, Left. Horizontal Tabs and Vertical Tabs, Right Navigation form xut hin trong ch Design view vi s kt hp ca hai control: mt control subform rng v ln v mt navigation. thm mt navigation button vo form, click chn mt form trong Navigation Panel ca Access v drag chut ko form vo navigation control

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thay i nhn ca Navigation button, bn double click vo nhn v nhp tn mi. To khong cch gia cc navigation button bng cch chn Form Layout Tools, chn tab ArrangeControl Padding, chn loi khong cch.

5.8.2. To Two level Navigation Form

Trong nhm lnh Forms trn thanh Ribbon, click nt dropdown Navigation. Chn dng Navigation: Horizontal Tabs, 2 levels Xut hin mt Navigation Form ch Layout view vi s kt hp ca ba control: mt control subform rng v ln v hai navigation control. To tiu cho level1 bng cch double click vo khung [Add New] Nhp tiu . Thm submenu cho tin ny bng cch drag chut ko form t trong navigation pane vo submenu.

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5.9. Lin kt n d liu quan h (Link to Related Data)

Ngoi cch dng navigation form di chuyn n cc subform, trong cng mt form, Access 2010 cn cung cp cch khc di chuyn t form ny n form khc. V d t form Lp, bn c th chuyn sang mt form khc cha danh sch cc sinh vin ca lp .

5.9.1. Hin th cc record quan h trong form ring bit

Nh phn trn trnh by, Subform dng th hin cc record quan h ca bng cha trn Mainform. Tuy nhin, subforms khng lun lun cung cp cho bn ch lm vic. Ty thuc vo cch bn lm vic v s lng thng tin ln, bn c th hin th cc record quan h trong mt form khc bng cch thm mt nt trn Mainform, khi click nt s m form cha cc record quan h.

5.9.2. To Button dng m form cha records quan h

M Mainform dng Design hoc dng Layout Trong nhm lnh Form Design Tools, chn tab Design. Click nt Button, drag chut v vo form. Xut hin ca Button wizard. Trong Categories, nhm lnh Operation. s

khung chn Form

Trong khung action chn lnh Open Form. Click Next. Chn Subform hin th
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cc record quan h. Click Next. Chn ty chn: Open the form and find specific data to display. Click Next. Chn field quan h gia hai form, l field m da trn gi tr ca n lc ra cc record quan h trong Subform. Click Next. Chn Text/Picture hin th trn Button. Click Next. Nhp tn cho nt, Click Finish. V d: Trong form Danh sch lp, click nt Danh sch sinh vin ca lp s m form cha cc sinh vin ca lp trong mainform

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Chng 6
REPORT - BO CO
6.1. Gii thiu
Report l cng c to cc bo co, kt xut d liu ra mn hnh hoc my in cung cp mt hard copy ca d liu. Ging nh form, d liu ngun ca report c th l bng hoc l query. Report cung cp mt cch linh hot nht xem v in thng tin tng hp. N hin th thng tin chi tit theo mc m ngi dng mong mun, cho php bn xem hoc in thng tin theo nhiu nh dng khc nhau. C 4 loi Report c bn: Tabular reports. Columnar reports. Mailing-label reports.

6.2. Cch to report 6.2.1. To bng lnh Report:

Chc nng Report l cng c to Report nhanh v d dng, thng dng to nhng Report n gin c d liu ngun t mt bng hoc mt query. to bng chc nng Report ta phi chn d liu ngun cho Report Click nt Report trong nhm lnh Report trn thanh Ribbon. Xut hin report dng Tabular ch Layout.

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6.2.2. To report bng chc nng Wizard

Chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm lnh Reports, click nt Report Wizard. Chn Table/Query lm d liu ngun cho Report. Chn cc field hin th trn Report trong khung Available Field click nt chn mt field v chn nhiu field. Click Next. click nt Nu report ly d liu ngun t mt bng th b qua bc ny, ngc li nu d liu ly t nhiu bng th chn field kt nhm. Click Next.

Chn field m bn mun sp xp d liu cho report. C th sp xp kt qu trong report bng cch kt hp ti a l 4 field.

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Chn dng Report Layout: gm 3 dng Columnar, Tabular, Justified. Orientation: chn hng trang in Portrait (trang ng), Landscape (trang ngang). Click Next. Nhp tiu cho report Chn ch xem report sau khi to xong Preview the report. Modify the reports design. Click Finish kt thc.

6.2.3. To report bng Design

a) Cch to Chn Table/Query lm d liu ngun cho report. Chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm lnh Reports, click nt Report Design. Xut hin ca s thit k report v field list cha cc field trong d liu ngun ca report.

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Ln lt drag chut ko cc field trong field list hoc cc control trong nhm lnh Controls trn thanh Ribbon th vo report. b) Cc phn trong ca s thit k report Mt report gm cc phn: Page Header/Footer, Report Header/Footer, Detail, Group Header/Footer (Cc report c phn nhm).

Page Header/Footer: Cha tiu u trang v cui trang. Ni dung t trong phn Page Header/Footer s xut hin u v cui mi trang.
Report header

Page header

Page footer

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Cc ni dung thng t trong Page Header/Footer. + Page Numbers: Chn s trang. + Logo: chn Logo cho Report. + Title: chn tiu cho Report. + Date and Time: Chn ngy gi hin hnh ca my. Lu : Page Header khng cha cc thng k d liu. Report Header/Footer: Tiu u v cui report, ni dung t trong Report Header/Footer ch xut hin phn u ca trang u tin v phn cui trang ca trang cui cng. Cc ni dung thng t trong Report Header/Footer. + Cng thc tnh ton, thng k d liu. Detail: cha ni dung chnh ca report, hin th d liu trong d liu ngun di dng cc textbox bound control, mi textbox l mt field d liu hoc cc textbox dng unbound control dng to thm field mi. Group Header/Footer (Cc report c phn nhm): i vi cc report c phn nhm ging nh form dng main-sub th ngoi cc phn c bn cn c thm phn kt nhm l group header/Footer. Ni dung trong phn group header/Footer l tiu ca nhm. Thng k d liu theo nhm. c) Hiu chnh Report hiu chnh report, ta m report ch design view. Chn cc control mun hiu chnh. M Properties Sheet, chn thuc tnh hiu chnh. Cch hiu chnh tng t nh i vi form.

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6.3. To report c phn nhm

Chc nng kt nhm ca Report l mt cng c mnh v khng th thiu lm khi lng ln d liu c ngha bng cch sp xp chng thnh cc nhm nh hn, v thc hin cc php tnh ton thng k trn mi nhm ring bit. C 3 cch s dng nhm phn tch d liu trong report S dng Total Query. S dng Report Grouping. S dng Subreports.

6.3.1. S dng Total Query

Trong trng hp ny, report khng cha phn chi tit m ch cha cc thng k d liu: Sum, Avg, Min, Max trong phn Detail ca report. Cch thc hin nh sau: To Total Query, trong query chn field lm tiu chun thng k, field cha d liu thng k v chn php thng k. V d: To report tnh tng s lng v tng tin bn ca tng sn phm

To report, s dng Total query to trn.

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6.3.2. Report Grouping

Report grouping gip bn c th t chc khi lng ln cc thng tin vo cc nhm. Vi cch ny report s th hin d liu chi tit trong tng nhm v c th thm nhiu cp nhm theo cc tiu ch khc nhau. Cch to nh sau: Trn thanh Ribbon, chn tab Create, trong nhm lnh Reports, click nt Report Design. Xut hin ca s thit k Report, thanh Ribbon chuyn sang tab Design. Trong Properties Sheet, chn Tab Data, ti thuc tnh Record source, chn Table/Query lm d liu ngun cho Report. Click nt Group& Sort trong nhm lnh Grouping & Totals. Trong ca s thit k xut hin khung Group, Sort and Total bn di ca s thit k.

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Click khung Add a Sort chn field sp xp. Click nt Add a group chn field kt nhm, chn field kt nhm trong field list, trn ca s thit k xut hin thanh group header. Khung Group, Sort and Total c dng nh hnh:

M thanh group footer v thc hin cc php thng k bng cch click nt More, ca s Group, Sort and Total c dng:

Click nt with no Total m menu Totals: Total On: chn field cha d liu thng k Type: Chn php thng k.
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Chn v tr t cc thng k bng cch check vo cc ty chn: + Show Grand Total: t thng k trong phn report header/footer. + Show group subtotal as % of Grand Total: t thng k trong phn report header/footer. + Show subtotal in group header: t thng k trong phn group header. + Show subtotal in group footer: t thng k trong phn group footer. Drag chut ko cc field phn nhm a vo group header, v cc field cn li a vo phn detail. V d: thit k report Ha n bn hng

Nu cn thm field kt nhm th trong khung Group, Sort and Total click tip trong Add a group chn field tip theo.

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6.3.3. SubReport
Subreport c tc dng tng t nh Report grouping. S khc bit duy nht l to cc report trong hai phn ring bit: Main Report v SubReport.
Main Report

SubReport

Cch to: To Main Report, d liu ngun thng l bng cha. To Sub Report, d liu ngun phi cha field lin kt vi Main Report. a Sub Report vo Main Report c th dng cng c SubForm/SubReport trong nhm lnh Controls. Thit lp thuc tnh Link child Fields v Link master Fields.

6.3.4. To report c phn nhm bng wizard

D liu ngun cho report c phn nhm thng c ly t nhiu bng c quan h 1-n, field kt nhm thng l field kha chnh ca bng 1. To d liu ngun cho report theo yu cu phn nhm. Trn thanh Ribbon, chn tab Create, click nt Report Wizard
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Chn d liu ngun cho report l query to trc. Chn cc field hin th trong kt qu Next.

Nu d liu c quan h 1-n th access t phn nhm Next. Chn thm field kt nhm th hai nu c yu cu (hin th hai quan h 1-n), nu khng th click Next.

Nu trong report c cha field c d liu kiu s th trong ca s bc ny xut hin nt Summary Option Click nt Summary Options chn php thng k.

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Cc php thng k gm: Sum, Avg, Min, Max. Trong mc Show c hai ty chn Detail and Summary: hin th chi tit v thng k d liu. Summary Only: ch hin th thng k d liu. Chn xong click OK v click Next tip tc. Chn Layout cho report, c ba dng Layout: Steped: tiu ca ct lp li u ca mi trang. Block v Ouline: tiu ca ct lp li trong tng nhm. Orientation: chn hng giy in. Portrait: trang ng. Landscape: trang ngang. Chn xong click Next, nhp tiu cho report, click Finish.

6.3.5. Ngt trang trong report phn nhm

i vi cc report c phn nhm, thng ngi dng c nhu cu hin th d liu trong mi nhm trn mt trang, thc hin ta dng chc nng ngt trang theo nhm: Click phi trn thanh group header, chn properties Ti thuc tnh Force New Page chn Before section.
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6.4. Preview Rport

Sau khi thit k xong, bn phi xem Report trc khi in, hnh thc ca report xem ch preview s l hnh thc khi in ra giy. xem report trc khi in bn chn mt trong cc cch sau: Chn Tab File Chn Print Print Preview. Chn tab Home View Print Preview.

6.5. nh dng report

Access 2010 cung cp mt cng c cho php nh dng report vi cc mu phong ph v p gip bn c th nh dng font ch v mu ch cho report mt cch nhanh chng v d dng.

6.5.1. To li cho report:

M report ch Layout. Thanh Ribbon chuyn sang Report Layout Tools.

Chn khi d liu cn to li. Click nt Gridline chn kiu li.

6.5.2. Thit lp thuc tnh ca cc i tng trong report

Click phi trn i tng cn thay i thuc tnh, chn properties Sheet. Property M t nh dng kiu d liu numbers, dates, Format times, text . Decimal Places S s l. Visible Hin th hoc n control. Xc nh v tr ca control theo chiu Left ngang. Top Xc nh v tr ca control theo chiu dc.
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Width Height Back Color Special Effect Border Style Border Color Border Width Fore Color Font Name Font Weight Font Italic Font Underline Text Align

Xc nh rng ca control. Xc nh chiu cao ca control. Chn mu nn ca control. Click nt chn mu. Chn hiu ng 3-D cho control. Ch nh kiu ng vin ca control transparent lines, solid lines, dashed lines Mu ng vin. rng ca ng vin. Ch nh mu cho vn bn trong cc control. Chn font ch. Ch m. Ch nghing. Gch di. Canh l cho vn bn trong control.

6.5.3.

nh dng d liu

a) To ct s th t Khi to report c dng danh sch, ngoi cc field trong c s d liu, ta c th to thm ct s th t cho danh sch: M report ch design. To mt textbox trong phn detail Nhp ni dung cho textbox =1 Click phi trn textbox properties chn tab Data. Ti thuc tnh Running Sum: chn kiu nh s th t. No: khng nh s th t Over Group: nh s th t theo nhm, dng cho report c phn nhm. Over All: nh s th t trn ton b danh sch, dng cho report khng phn nhm.

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b) nh dng d liu kiu Text nh dng vn bn trong cc control dng thanh cng c trong nhm Text Formatting M report ch Design hoc Layout view. Chn cc cha vn bn cn nh dng . Chn font ch trong khung font, kch thc trong khung size... Ngoi ra cc nh dng khc, c th s dng menu tt khi click chut phi trn cc control cn nh dng. c) nh dng d liu c iu kin Vi cng c conditional formatting bn c th nhn mnh mt thng tin no theo cc nh dng khc nhau. Chn gi tr trong ct m bn mun nh dng Chn Report Layout Tools, chn tab Format Trong nhm lnh Control Formating, click nt Conditional Formatting. Xut hin ca s Condition Formating Rules Manager

Click nt New Rule, Xut hin ca s New Formating Rule

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Select a rule type: chn loi rule Edit the rule decription: Nhp rule mi Chn kiu nh dng cho rule OK

V d: nh du nhng sinh vin c im trung bnh <5, vi nh dng nn xanh ch trng.

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Chng 7
MACRO TP LNH
7.1. Gii thiu
Mt macro l mt tp hp ca mt hoc nhiu hnh ng thc hin chnh xc theo mt trnh t t trn xung phc v cc yu cu thao tc trn cc i tng trong c s d liu. Mt macro gip bn thc hin cc cng vic hng ngy bng cch t ng ha chng. Thay v thc hin bng tay cc cng vic lp i lp li, bn c th ghi li mt macro n gin cho ton b cng vic mt ln. Xy dng macro bao gm cc hnh ng la chn t mt danh sch, v sau in vo cc i s ca hnh ng. Gi s xy dng mt form vi nt ng form bng cch to nt trn form v xy dng mt macro ng form sau gn macro cho s kin Click ca nt.

Object: Button Event: Click Action:Close

C 3 loi Macro Standalone macros: L mt i tng ca c s d liu, macro ny sau khi c to v lu th n xut hin trong phn Macro ca Navigation Pane.. Data macros: L loi macro c lu tr nh mt phn ca mt table. Bn c th thit k sao cho table thc thi macro trc hoc sau khi mt record c thm, chnh sa hoc xa
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Embedded macros: L loi macro c lu tr nh mt phn ca mt form hoc report. Macros ny ch thc thi khi form hoc report hoc mt i tng trn form hoc report chu tc ng ca mt s kin.

7.2. Cch to v thc thi Standalone macros: 7.2.1. Cch to:

Chn tab Create trn thanh Ribbon, trong nhm lnh Macro & Code, click nt Macro Xut hin ca s thit k Macro vi cc thnh phn: Khung bn tri dng chn cc action trong Macro. Khung bn phi cha cc Action theo nhm v cc i tng trong c s d liu c gn macro.

Chn Action trong khung Add New Action. ng vi nhng Action khc nhau th xut hin cc cho bn chn hoc nhp cc argument tng ng. V d: khi chn Action l GotoRecord th s xut hin cc Argument nh hnh.

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Tip tc chn Action tip theo bng cch click Add new Action.

7.2.2. Thc thi macro

i vi macro khng gn cho s kin ca mt i tng c th th chn tn macro v click nt run thc thi hoc double click vo tn macro, thng dng cho cc macro cha cc lnh Open. V d: macro m form. i vi macro m ch c th thc thi khi tc ng vo mt i tng c th trn form hoc report th sau khi to v lu macro th phi gn macro cho s kin ca i tng c th. Cc thc hin M form hoc report cha i tng cn gn macro. Click phi trn i tng chn properties, hoc chn i tng M properties Sheet. Chn tab Event, chn s kin (event). Trong danh sch x xung chn tn Macro.

7.2.3. Sub Macro:

Cc macro c cng tnh cht, cng chc nng hoc thc hin cc hnh ng trn cng mt form, report thng c to trong cng mt macro, cc macro c to bn trong mt macro gi l
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Submacro. Mt macro cha nhiu Submacro bn trong n v vy mi Submacro thnh phn bn trong phi c phn bit bng mt tn ring. Cch to: Trong ca s thit k Macro, m khung Action Catalog bng cch click nt Action Catalog trong tab Design trn thanh Ribbon.

Drag chut ko Submacro trong khung Action Catalog vo ca s thit k macro. Trong ca s thit k xut hin khung Submacro. Nhp tn cho Submacro Chn Action cho Submacro. Khi gn Submacro, ta truy xut vo tn ca Submacro.

7.2.4. Cc Actions v cc Events thng dng

a) Actions: Trong Access 2010 action c chia thnh nhm theo chc nng.
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Data Entry Operations DeleteRecord EditListItems SaveRecord Database Objects GotoControl GotoPage GotoRecord OpenForm OpenReport OpenTable PrintObject PrintPreview SelectObject SetProperty Filter/Query/Search ApplyFiler FindNextRecord FindRecord OpenQuery Refresh RemoveFilterSort SetFilter SetOrderBy ShowAllRecords

Macro Commands OnError RemoveAllTempVars RunDataMacro RunMenuCommand SetLocalVar SetTempVar StopAllMacros StopMacro System Commands Beep CloseDatabase QuitAccess User Interface Commands AddMenu BrowseTo LockNavigationPane MessageBox SetMenuItem UndoRecord Window Management CloseWindow MaximizeWindow MinimizeWindow MoveAndSizeWindow RetoreWindow.

b) Events: S kin tc ng ln i tng thc thi macro. Ty thuc vo i tng khc nhau s c nhng event khc nhau.
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Mouse v Keyboard event Event Click DblClick MouseDown MouseMove MouseUp KeyDown KeyUp Form Event Event Open Load Resize Unload Close Activate GotFocus LostFocus Event ngha Khi form c m, nhng record u tin cha hin th Khi form c load vo b nh nhng cha m Khi kch thc ca form thay i Khi ng form v record unload, v trc khi form di chuyn khi mn hnh Khi ng form Khi form nhn focus, tr thnh ca s active Khi form khng active Khi form mt focus ngha click chut trn i tng. Double click trn i tng. Nhn phm ca chut trn mt i tng. Di chuyn chut ngang i tng. Th phm ca chut khi ang tr n i tng Nhn phm ca bn phm Th phm

Form Data Events ngha Khi di chuyn mt record khc n record Current hin hnh BeforeInsert Sau khi d liu u tin c nhp vo new record v trc khi record thc s c to AfterInsert After the new record c thm vo bng BeforeUpdate Trc khi d liu thay i c cp nht vo record.
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AfterUpdate Filter ApplyFilter Control Event Event BeforeUpdate AfterUpdate Change GotFocus LostFocus Click DblClick

Sau khi d liu thay i c cp nht vo record. Khi filter c ch nh nhng trc khi n c p dng. Sau khi filter c p dng vo form. ngha Trc khi d liu trong control thay i th cp nht vo recordset. Sau khi s thay i d liu c cp nht vo recordset ca form. Khi ni dung trong text box thay i. Khi mt control nhn focus Khi mt control mt focus Khi click chut Khi double click

7.3. To Data Macro

Data macro l loi macro c lu tr nh mt phn ca mt table, macro ny khng xut hin trong phn macro ca Navigation pane.

7.3.1. Cch to:

M bng ch Design view bng cch click phi trn tn ca Table trong Navigation Pane v chn Design view. Click nt Create Data Macros trong nhm lnh Field, Record & Table Event. Xut hin danh sch cc s kin (Event) ca data macro: After Insert After: Sau khi mt record mi c thm vo bng. After Update: Sau khi bt k mt field trong bng c uppdate. After Delete: Sau khi mt record trong bng b xa
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Before Delete: Khi mt record trong bng b xa. Before Change: Khi mt record trong bng c uppdate. Chn mt event trong danh sch. Xut hin ca s thit k macro, chn action cho macro theo yu cu. ng ca s thit k macro, tr li ca s thit k bng. ng ca s thit k v lu sau m bng li ch datasheet view. V d: to mt data macro ngn khng cho ngi nhp liu trng n v tnh.

Khi nhp d liu hoc chnh sa d liu trong bng nu trng n v tnh th xut hin thng bo nh hnh.

7.3.2. Cc Action ca data macro

DeleteRecord: Nh tn gi ca n, DeleteRecord xa mt record trong mt bng (khng c xc nhn ca ngi dng). R rng, DeleteRecord phi c cn thn s dng ngn chn vic xa d liu qu gi t ng dng CancelRecordChange: Hy b cc thay i c thc hin bi EditRecord v CreateRecord..
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ExitForEachRecord: ForEachRecord duyt qua mt Recordset m n c tr v t mt Table hoc Query, cho php macro thay i d liu ca recordset. C nhiu tnh hung m data macro cn phi thot khi mt vng lp ForEachRecord trc khi duyt n cui recordset. V d mt data macro tm kim mt gi tr trong mt bng, v hai gi tr c tm thy, khng c cn phi tip tc vng lp th ExitForEachRecord c thc hin theo mt iu kin. LogEvent: Tt c cc ng dng ca Access 2010 bao gm mt bng UsysApplicationLog c s dng ghi li cc li data macro v c th c s dng truy cp cc thng tin khc. LogEvent thm mt record vo USysApplicationLog bt c lc no bn mun t mt data macro. SendEmail: gi mt e-mail bng cch s dng Microsoft Office Outlook. SetField: cp nht gi tr ca mt field trong mt bng. Nhng argument ca SetField bao gm tn bng v tn field, v gi tr mi gn cho field ny. SetLocalVar: Macro trong Access 2010 c th s dng cc
bin cc b thng qua cc gi tr t mt phn ca mt macro khc.

StopMacro: chm dt v thot khi macro. Hu ht thng

c s dng kt hp vi mt khi lnh IF

StopAllMacros: Kt thc cc Action thc hin song song. RunDataMacro: i s duy nht ca n l tn ca mt s data macro khc, n gin ch gi macro v cho php n thc hin cc Action ca n nh l mt hot ng n l. OnError: Action chnh trong Access 2010 v x l li macro.
OnError ch th cho Access phi lm g khi li xy ra trong qu trnh thc hin macro.

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Trung tm Tin hc RaiseError: thng qua mt li chuyn n cc lp giao din ngi dng. V d s dng RaiseError cho s kin BeforeChange xc nhn d liu trc khi c s thay i trong c s d liu. ClearMacroError: Action ny thc thi khi mt li c x l bng action RaiseError.

7.3.3. Xa data macro

xa data macro, ta m bng ch Design view. Click nt Rename/Delete macro.

7.4. Embedded macros

Khi to mt nt lnh trn form bng chc nng wizard th mt macro c gn lin vi form ging nh data macro c gn lin vi bng. Macro ny khng xut hin trong phn macro ca Navigation pane. xem hoc hiu chnh ni dung ca Embedded macro ta m form hoc report ch design view, chn nt lnh v m properties sheet ca nt lnh, ti event, click nt , xut hin ca s thit k macro, sau thc hin hiu chnh.

7.5. Hiu chnh macro 7.5.1. Thay i action arguments.

Click chn mt action Xut hin cc text box cho php nhp hoc hiu chnh argument ca action. Lu li kt qu sau khi thay i.

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7.5.2. Sp xp cc actions
Click vo bt k phn no ca action, ngoi tr bn trong cc text box. Drag chut ko action n v tr mi. Hoc click vo n, v sau s dng ln v xung cc phm mi
tn trn bn phm hoc mi tn mu xanh trong ca s thit k.

7.5.3. Thm mt action mi.

Bn di ca mi macro lun c mt Add New Action ch bn la chn mt action. Tuy nhin, c mt cch khc tm thy nhng action l da vo khung Action categories, bng cch double click vo action m bn mun thm vo macro.

7.5.4. Xa mt action.
Chn action cn xa Click nt delete bn phi hoc nhn phm Delete

7.6. Cc hm thng dng trong biu thc iu kin 7.6.1. Hm MsgBox (msg, type, title):
Hm c tc dng cho xut hin hp thng bo, trn hp thng bo c cc nt yes, no, ok, cho ngi dng chn la. Gi tr tr v ca hm chnh l s chn la click vo nt lnh no trn hp thng bo. a) Cc tham s ca hm Message: Ni dung ca chui thng bo. Type: gi tr s biu din cc nt lnh v biu tng trn hp thng bo. Title tiu ca hp thng bo. b) Gi tr s ca cc biu tng v nt lnh trn hp thng bo
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Gi tr s 16 32 48 1 2 3 4 5

Biu tng v nt lnh trn hp thng bo Biu tng du cm. (Stop) Biu tng du hi. (Question) Biu tng du cm thn. (Exclamation) Gm hai nt OK, Cancel. Gm ba nt Abort, Retry, Ignore. Gm ba nt Yes, No, Cancel. Gm hai nt Yes, No. Gm hai nt Retry, Cancel.

c) Gi tr tr v ca hm l s chn la nt lnh trn hp thng bo Gi tr tr v ca hm MsgBox 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 S la chn nt lnh trn hp thng bo Ngi s dng chn nt OK. Ngi s dng chn nt Cancel. Ngi s dng chn nt Abort. Ngi s dng chn nt Retry. Ngi s dng chn nt Ignore. Ngi s dng chn nt Yes. Ngi s dng chn nt No.

V d: khi click nt xa chng trnh s xut hin hp thng bo xc nhn Bn c chc chn xa khng?, nu ngi dng click nt yes th xa, ngc li th khng xa. Biu thc iu kin c dng:

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7.6.2. DCount (expr, domain, criteria):

m s record trong tp record c ch nh bi tham s <<Domain>> tha mn iu kin c ch nh trong biu thc <<criteria>>. + expr: tn field mun m s record + domain: tn bng cha expr + criteria: biu thc iu kin V d: =DCount ("[MaHD]", "HoaDon", "[MaKH] = SJC")

7.7. Macro Autoexec

Macro Autoexec l macro t ng thc thi khi chng trnh c khi ng v c tn l autoexec. Macro autoexec thng dng m form giao din, khi ng dng c khi ng th form giao din t ng m ra u tin. thc hin ta to mt macro autoexec cha action OpenForm, Form name l tn form giao din, tn macro l autoexec.

7.8. Xy dng h thng menu bng macro

Mt ng dng hon chnh thng cn n h thng menu lin kt cc thnh phn thnh mt h thng. V d: h thng menu trong chng trnh qun l ha n

7.8.1. To macro cho h thng menu:

Trong Access 2010, menu do ngi dng to c t chc thnh nhm ging nh nhm lnh trn thanh Ribbon t trong tab AddIn. To menu cp 1: chnh l Main Menu dng action Addmenu vi cc Argument nh sau:
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+ Menu Name: tn cc menu trong menu cp 1. + Menu Macro Name: tn macro to menu cp 2. + StatusBar Text: Dng vn bn xut hin trn thanh status bar khi menu c chn. + Gi s Main menu gm 4 Menu

+ Tng ng vi mi Menu trong Main Menu ta to mt Macro vi tn chnh l tn trong thuc tnh Menu Macro Name ca Main Menu. To macro cho menu cp 2: + Macro ny c tn trng vi tn c t trong mc Menu Macro Name ca macro cp 1, mi menu l mt macro + Trong menu chnh c bao nhiu menu con th to by nhiu macro

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7.8.2. a menu vo chng trnh

a menu vo hot ng th cn phi c mt form chnh ca chng trnh, khi form ny c m th h thng menu s c kch hot: M form chnh ch design. Click phi trn form properties. Chn tab Other. Ti thuc tnh Menu bar, nhp tn macro cp1.

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Chng 8: MODULE
8.1. Gii thiu
Mc d macro h tr mt cch nhanh chng v d dng t ng ha cc ng dng nhng macro khng c tnh mm do, vi nhng yu cu phc tp th macro khng gii quyt c. Module l mt cng c ca access dng ngn ng Visual Basic to nhng chng trnh nhm gii quyt nhng hn ch ca macro. Module v cc th th tc ca n l i tng ch yu ca ngn ng lp trnh VBA (Visual Basiv for Application). C hai loi module: module dng chung v module gn lin vi form, report. Module dng chung l nhng th tc, hm c s dng chung cho ton b cc form, report c trong tp tin c s d liu, cc module ny c th c gi t bt k form, report no, n c cha trong phn Module ca Navigation pane. Module gn lin vi form, report l nhng hm, th tc gn lin vi cc i tng trn form, report, cc module ny l mt thnh phn ca form, report, n khng xut hin trong phn Module ca Navigaiton pane.

8.1.1. Ca s son tho code VB

Trn thanh Ribbon, chn tab Create, click nt Module trong nhm lnh Macros & Code xut hin ca s son tho gm cc thnh phn Project window: Khung cha tt c cc module trong c s d liu. Properties window: Khi code cha c to th ca s ny l rng. Immediate window: ca s thc thi lnh trc tip.

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Document window: Ca s son tho code VB, khi to module mi trong ca s ny xut hin cc dng code mc nh Option Compare Database: Ch th ny cho Visual Basic

bit cch x l cc php ton so snh cc phn ca vn bn. Option Explicit: Ch th ny cho Visual Basic kim tra li nghim ngt khi s dng cc bin.

8.2. Cch to Module 8.2.1. To mt module dng chung

Trn thanh Ribbon chn tab Create Xut hin ca s son tho. Nhp code ca cc th tc trong ca s son tho. Click nt run thc thi module, hoc gi module t cc module hoc cc i tng khc trong c s d liu. Sau khi hon tt lu module, module ny xut hin trong phn Module ca thanh Navigation. Nu ang lm vic trong ca s son tho th cc module dng chung xut hin trong Project Window
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8.2.2. Module gn vi form, report:

M i tng form hoc report ch design. Click phi trn control mun gn module Chn tab event chn event thch hp Xut hin ca s Choose Builder. Chn lnh Code Builder OK. Xut hin ca s son tho module vi ni mc nh Sub ControlName_SuKien() Code do ngi dng nhp End Sub M Form hoc report, tc dng s kin vo control thc thi module. Module ny i lin vi form hoc report. chn properties. Click nt

8.2.3. Cc thnh phn trong module

Phn khai bo chung (Declaration Section): gm nhng lnh khai bo bin, hng, v khai bo v cch thc lm vic. Cc hng, bin khai bo trong phn ny s c hiu lc trong tt c cc th tc. Phn cc th tc: gm cc th tc trong module, mi th tc gm cc lnh khai bo bin, hng, v cc lnh trong th tc, cc hng v bin trong phn ny ch c hiu lc trong th tc khai bo n. Cu trc ca mt th tc: Sub <Tn th tc> ( ) Cc lnh End Sub

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Phn khai bo

Phn th tc

8.2.4. Lnh khai bo:

a) Khai bo cch thc lm vic ca access Option Compare Database: so snh cn c vo b m ring ca tng nc. Option Compare Text: so snh khng phn bit ch hoa, ch thng. Option Compare Binary: so snh cn c vo gi tr nh phn ca cc k t trong bng m. Option Explicit: Thit lp ch phi khai bo bin trc khi dng, mc nh l khng khai bo bin trc khi dng. b) Khai bo bin: C php: Dim <Tn bin> As <Kiu d liu> V d: Dim i As Integer, st As String*15 c) Phm vi ca bin: Bin cc b: l bin c khai bo trong mt th tc hoc trong phn Declarations ca form hoc report, ch c tc dng trong th tc khai bo n hoc trong form hoc report cha n.
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Bin ton cc: l bin c khai bo sau t kha Public, bin ny c khai bo ti phn Declaration ca Module dng chung. Public <Tn bin> As <Kiu d liu> d) Khai bo hng Hng l i lng c gi tr khng i trong sut qu trnh thc thi chng trnh. C php: [Public|Private] <Const TenHang> [As kiu d liu] = <Biu thc> V d: Const ngay = #24/12/2004#

8.2.5. Lnh gn
Dng gn gi tr cho mt bin hay mt hng. Lnh gn c s dng trong thn ca th tc. a) Lnh Let: Gn gi tr ca mt biu thc cho mt bin. C php : [Let] tenBien| tenHam = BieuThuc tenBien.TenThanhPhan = BieuThuc tendoiTuong{ . | ! } (Thuoctinh | tenDoiTuong) = BieuThuc b) Lnh Set : Gn i tng cho mt bin thuc loi i tng tng ng. C php : Set tenBien = {[New] bieuThuc | Nothing}

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V d : Sub Vidu Dim myDB as database Dim mySet As recordset Set myDb = CurrentDB Set mySet = myDb.OpenRecordSet(NhanVien) End Sub

8.3. Kiu d liu: 8.3.1. Kiu s:

Byte: Kiu s nguyn dng trong phm vi t 0..255, chim 1 byte. Integer: Kiu s nguyn, c gi tr trong khong 32768...32767, chim 2 bytes. Long: Kiu s nguyn di, c gi tr trong khong 2,147,483,648 .. 2,147,483,647, chim 4 bytes. Single: Kiu s thc, c gi tr trong khang 1.401298E45 to 3.402823E38. Chim 4 bytes. Double: Kiu s thc c gi tr trong khong 4.94065645841247E-324 to 1.79769313486232E308. Chim 8 bytes. Currency: Kiu tin t. Bn cht l kiu s, chim 8 bytes, c gi tr trong khong 922,337,203,685,477.5808 to 922,337,203,685,477.5807. c bit, kiu ny lun c k hiu tin t i km.

8.3.2. Kiu chui: String

a) Variant :

Variant l kiu d liu khng tng minh, c th cha gi tr s hoc chui V d: Dim a As Variant a = 123 a = Nguyen Van Nam
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8.3.3. Kiu i tng thuc c s d liu

Database: C s d liu ang m Recordset: Tp hp cc mu tin Field : Trng trong bng Form: Form ang s dng Form_TenForm: Form ang c ch nh QueryDef: Bng truy vn (Query) TableDef: Bng d liu (Table)

8.4. Cc hm thng dng 8.4.1. Hm MsgBox:

Hm c tc dng lm xut hin hp thng bo trn c cc nt cho ngi dng chn la, gi tr tr v ca hm l s chn la ca ngi dng trn hp thng bo. C php: MsgBox(Cu thng bo, Kiu HTB+ Biu tng,Tiu ) Trong : Cu thng bo: l ni dung s xut hin trong hp thng bo. Kiu hp thng bo (HTB) gm : VbOkOnly VbOkCancel VbYesNo VbYesNoCancel Hp thng bo ch c nt OK Hp thng bo gm 2 nt OK v Cancel Hp thng bo gm 2 nt Yes No Hp thng bo gm 2 nt Yes No v Cancel

Biu tng trn hp thng bo gm: vbCritical vbQuestion vbExclamation vbInformation Biu tng X Biu tng ? Biu tng ! Biu tng i
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Gi tr tr v ca hm l VbYes, VbNo, VbOk, V d:

Lnh MsgBox: c tc dng cho xut hin hp thng bo, khng c gi tr tr v. C php: MsgBox Cu thng bo, Kiu HTB, Tiu

8.4.2. Hm InputBox:
Hin th hp thng bo, trn hp thng bo c mt textbox cho ngi dng nhp gi tr vo bin. C php: InputBox( Cu thng bo, Tiu , Gi tr mc nh Gi tr tr v ca hm InputBox l gi tr do ngi dng nhp vo textbox V d: Sub tong() Dim a As Integer Dim b As Integer Dim t As Integer a = InputBox("Nhap a", "nhap du lieu", 0) b = InputBox("Nhap b", "nhap du lieu", 0) t=a+b MsgBox a & "+" & b & "=" & a + b, vbOKOnly, "ket qua" End Sub
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8.4.3. Hm d liu s
a) Int(<Number>): Ly phn nguyn ca <Number> b) Php Mod: <Number1> Mod <Number2>, cho kt qu l phn d ca php chia Number1 cho Number2 c) Format(<Number>, format): nh dng d liu s hoc chuyn chui s thnh s V d: nh dng d liu s: Format(123456.789, #,###.00) Chuyn chui thnh s Format(123456.789, #,###.00) 123.456,46 d) Val(<Chui s>) : chuyn <Chui s> thnh s. 123.456,46

8.4.4. Hm x l chui
a) Left(<Chui>,n) b) Right((<Chui>,n) c) Mid(<Chui >,m,n) d) Len(<Chui >) e) Trim(<Chui >)

8.5. Bin kiu i tng

Bin i tng l bin dng ch mt loi i tng nh CSDL, b cc mu tin, biu mu, iu khin. C hai loi bin i tng: i tng c sn, khi dng khng cn phi khai bo. i tng khng c sn, khi dng phi khai bo. Mi i tng gm c cc phng thc v thuc tnh, truy xut n cc phng thc v thuc tnh ca i tng ta dng c php: <Tn i tng>. <phng thc> <Tn i tng>.<thuc tnh>
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8.5.1. Cc i tng c sn:

1. Application: Dng thc hin cc cng vic lin quan n ng dng. a) Cc phng thc ca Application: SetOption: thit lp cc ty chn trong ca s Options. C php : Application.SetOption OptionLabel, OptionValue V d : Thit lp mc ty chn ca trang Edit/Find mc conFirm Application.SetOption Confirm record changes , False Application.SetOption Confirm document deletions, 0 Quit: thot khi Access C php : Application.Quit QuitType QuitType: kiu ng. acSave: T ng lu tt c cc i tng khng cn hi. acPrompt: Trc khi thot, hin th hp thoi hi ngi dng c lu nhng thay i khng. acExit: Thot v khng lu.. b) Cc thuc tnh ca Application: MenuBar: dng to thanh menu cho chng trnh. C php : Application.MenuBar = MenuName 2. Docmd: Dng thc hin nhng cng vic thng thng trong access bng ngn ng VB nh m form, m report, query, lc d liu, thi hnh macro, ....
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a) Cc phng thc ca Docmd: Close: Dng ng i tng. C php DoCmd.Close [ObjectType], [ObjectName], [SaveOption] ObjectType: kiu i tng cn ng acForrm: ng form. acReport: ng report. acQuery: ng query. acTable: ng bng. ObjectName: Tn i tng cn ng. SaveOption: Ty chn lu hoc khng lu khi ng i tng. SaveNo: Khng lu. SaveYes: Lun lu. SavePromt: Hin th hp thoi nhc lu nu c s thay i. V d: DoCmd.Close acForm, "frmHoadon", acSaveNo OpenForm: M form v thit lp mi trng lm vic cho form C php DoCmd.OpenForm [objectName], [ViewMode], [FilterName], [WhereCondition], [DataMode], [WindowsMode] ObjectName: tn form mum m. ViewMode: ch m. acDesign: m form thit k. acNormal:m form thao tc. FilterName : M form lc.
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WhereCondition: iu kin gii hn d liu. DataMode: thit lp ch d liu trn form. WindowsMode: thit lp kiu ca s ca form: acDialog : Kiu hp thoi. acWindowsNormal Kiu ca s bnh thng. V d: DoCmd.OpenForm "frmLapHoaDon", , ,"hoadonID = 'H0035' OpenReport: M report v thit lp mi trng lm vic cho report C php: DoCmd.OpenReport [objectName], [ViewMode], [FilterName], [WhereCondition], [DataMode], [WindowsMode] ObjectName tn Report. ViewMode: Ch m. acDesign: M report ch thit k. acNormal: M Report thi hnh. FilterName : iu kin lc. WhereCondition: iu kin gii hn d liu ngun. DataMode: thit lp ch d liu trn Report. WindowsMode: thit lp kiu ca s report: acDialog: Kiu hp thoi. acWindowsNormal: Kiu ca s bnh thng. V d: DoCmd.OpenReport "rptHoadon", , ,"hoadonID= '" + txtHoadonID + "'" GotoRecord: Di chuyn gia cc record C php: DoCmd. GotoRecord [ObjectType], [ObjectName], [Record]
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ObjectType: kiu i tng. ObjectName: Tn i tng. Record: acFirst: Di chuyn n record u. acLast: Di chuyn n record cui. acNewRec: Di chuyn n record mi. acNext: Di chuyn n record tip. acPrevious: : Di chuyn n record trc. Quit: Thot khi access C php: DoCmd.Quit [QuitType]

QuitType: kiu thot acQuitPrompt: Hin th hp thoi nhc lu nu c s thay i trc khi thot acQuitSaveAll: thot v lu tt c. acQuitSaveNone: thot v khng lu. RunSQL: thc thi cu lnh SQL C php: Docmd.RunSQL SQLStatement V d: DoCmd.RunSQL "UPDATE canbo SET luongchinh = hessoluong*290000"

8.5.2. i tng khng c sn:

1. Database: l thnh phn cha Table hay query. s dng i tng Database phi khai bo trc. C php: Dim BienDataBase as Database Set BienDatabase = CurrentDb 2. Recordset: Truy xut n cc record trong table hoc query trong c s d liu.
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C php: Dim BienRecordset as Recordset Set BienRecordset = BienDataBase.OpenRecordset(Table/Query, loi) Table/Query: ch cc table/query lm d liu ngun cho bin recordset. Loi: ch loi d liu ngun. c 3 loi. + DBOpenTable: d liu ngun l table, loi bin ny h tr hu ht cc tc v trn bng d liu vi tnh trng cp nht mi nht. + DBOpenDynaset: d liu ngun l table hoc l query, h tr cho tc c Find. + DBOpenSnap: tng t nh DBOpenDynaset nhng khng cho thay i d liu. a) Phng thc ca Recordset MoveFirst, MovePrevious, MoveNext, MoveNext : di chuyn gia cc record. AddNew: Thm mt record mi. FindFirst/FindPrevious/FindNext/FindNext <iu kin tm>: tm mt record theo iu kin cho trc. + <iu kin tm>: vit theo c php sau: Tn Field= & Gi tr& Nu c nhiu iu kin th vit theo c php sau: Tn Field= & Gi tr 1& And Gi tr 2= + Gi tr 1, gi tr 2 c th l tn bin, hoc hng, hoc nhn Edit, Update: Chnh sa v cp nht d liu, hai phng thc ny lun i km nhau. C php :

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BinRecordset.Edit BinRecordset!tenField = bieuthuc BinRecordset.Update EOF/BOF: kim tra v tr ca record. b) Thuc tnh NoMatch: Tm record RecordCount: m s record c trong bin recordset.

8.6. Cu trc iu khin: 8.6.1. Cu trc IfThenElse

Lnh IfThenElse thc hin lnh da vo gi tr ca biu thc iu kin C php: If <iu kin 1> Then [<lnh 1>] [ElseIf <iu kin2> Then [<lnh 2>]]... [Else [<lnh n>]] End If Hoc If <iu kin> Then <Lnh 1>[Else <Lnh 2>] V d: If so Mod 2 = 0 Then Msgbox S chn ! Else Msgbox S l ! End If
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8.6.2. Cu trc Select Case

C php: Select Case <Biu thc> [Case <gi tr 1> [<th tc 1>]] ... [Case Else [<th tc n>]] End Select V d: Select Case so Case 1 thang = "Janualy" Case 2 thang = "February" Case 3 thang = "March" Case 4 thang = "April" Case 5 thang = "May" Case 6 thang = "June" Case 7 thang = "July" Case 8 thang = "August" Case 9 thang = "September" Case 10 thang = "October" Case 11
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thang = "November" Case 12 thang = "December" Case Else thang = "Khng xc nh" End Select

8.6.3. Cu trc ForNext

C php: For <Bin chy> = <gi tr 1> To <Gi tr 2> [Step <n>] [<th tc>] [Exit For] [<th tc>] Next [bin chy] <bin chy> l bin kiu s nguyn. <gi tr 1>, < gi tr 2> l cc gi tr m bin chy s nhn v thc hin dch chuyn sau mi ln lp. Trong trng hp c bit nu gp lnh Exit For trong vng lp, ngay lp tc thot khi lnh lp v thc hin lnh tip ngay sau t kho Next. V d: Dim i As Byte Dim tong As Integer tong = 0 For i = 1 To 50 tong = tong +i Next Msgbox tong

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8.6.4. Cu trc For EachNext

C php: For Each item In group [<th tc>] [Exit For] [<th tc>] Next [item]

8.6.5. Cu trc DoLoop

C php: Do [{While | Until}<condition>] [<th tc>] [Exit Do] [<th tc >] Loop Hoc Do [<th tc >] [Exit Do] [<th tc >] Loop [{While | Until}<condition>]

8.7. Lnh Function

Lnh Function dng khai bo mt hm mi. C php: Function <tn hm>([<danh sch cc tham s>])As <kiu DL hm><th tc> End Function

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Function, End Function l cc t kho bt buc khai bo cu trc mt chng trnh con dng hm <tn hm> l tn gi hm ang khai bo. Tn khng cha du cch v k t c bit <danh sch cc tham s> l cc tham s cn thit cho hm. C th c hoc khng <kiu DL hm> Kiu d liu tr v ca hm. <th tc> thn chng trnh con. Trong cu lnh <tn hm> = <biu thc> phi xut hin t nht mt ln trong th tc. Cu lnh ny c tc dng gn gi tr cho hm. V d: Function Tong2So(a, b As Double) As Double Tong2So = a + b End Function

8.8. Lnh Sub

Lnh Sub khai bo mt th tc con mi. C php: [Public] [Private] Sub <tn CTC>([<danh sch cc tham s>]) <th tc> End Sub V d: Sub tong2so(a, b As Double) tong = a + b //tong l bin ton cc End Sub

8.9. Lnh Call

Lnh Call c s dng truyn iu khin n th tc.
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C php: Call subroutinename [(<arguments>)] Hoc subroutinename [<arguments>] V d:

Vit cc th tc thc hin cc cng vic di chuyn gia cc record v thm tm xa thot. Option Compare Database Dim db As Database Dim rst As Recordset --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Sub LoadDb() Set db = CurrentDb() Set rst = Me.Recordset End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdDau_Click() LoadDb rst.moveFirst End Sub
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdTruoc_Click() LoadDb rst.MovePrevious If rst.BOF Then rst.MoveNext MsgBox "Day la mau tin dau roi", vbInformation + vbOKOnly, "thong bao" End If End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdNext_Click() LoadDb rst.MoveNext If rst.EOF Then rst.MovePrevious MsgBox "Day la mau tin cuoi roi", vbInformation + vbOKOnly, "thong bao" End If End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdLast_Click() LoadDb rst.MoveLast End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdXoa_Click()
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Dim rs As Recordset Dim MakhStr As String Set rs = Me.Recordset MakhStr = InputBox("Nhap vao ma khach hang can xoa") rs.FindFirst "[MAKH]='" & MakhStr & "'" If rs.NoMatch Then MsgBox "Makhachhang " & MakhStr & "khong tim thay" End If End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdThem_Click() LoadDb Dim ma As String Dim ten As String Dim dc As String Dim tp As String Dim dt As String ma = InputBox("nhap ma khach hang:") If ma = "" Then Exit Sub End If ten = InputBox("nhap ten khach hang:") If ten = "" Then Exit Sub End If dc = InputBox("nhap dia chi khach hang:") tp = InputBox("nhap thanh pho cua khach hang:")
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dt = InputBox("nhap dien thoai cua khach hang:") rst.AddNew rst!MAKH = ma rst!TENKH = ten rst!DIACHI = dc rst!THANHPHO = tp rst!DIENTHOAI = dt rst.Update End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdTim_Click() LoadDb Dim str As String str = InputBox("nhap ma can tim:") If str = "" Then Exit Sub Else rst.FindFirst "makh='" & str & "'" If rst.NoMatch Then MsgBox "khong tim thay." End If End If End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdXoa_Click() LoadDb Dim str As String
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str = InputBox("NHAP MAKH CAN XOA?") rst.FindFirst "MAKH='" & str & "'" If rst.NoMatch Then MsgBox "KHONG TIM THAY THONG TIN NAY", vbInformation + vbOKOnly, "THONG BAO" Else rst.Delete rst.MoveNext End If End Sub --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Private Sub CmdThoat_Click() If MsgBox("CO MUON THOAT KHONG?", vbOKCancel, "THONG BAO") = vbOK Then DoCmd.Close , , acSaveYes End If End Sub

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Mc lc
Chng 1 TNG QUAN V MICROSOFT ACCESS 2010.............. 1 1.1. Gii thiu:................................................................................... 1 1.2. Khi ng Access 2010: ............................................................ 2 1.3. Cc thnh phn trong ca s khi ng: .................................... 2 1.3.1. Thanh Quick Access: ............................... 2 1.3.2. Vng lm vic:........................................................................ 3 1.3.3. Thanh Ribbon: ........................................................................ 3 1.3.4. Ca s Properties .................................................................... 4 1.3.5. Thanh Navigation Pane .......................................................... 5 1.4. Cch to tp tin c s d liu: .................................................... 5 1.4.1. To mt c s d liu mi rng: ............................................ 5 1.4.2. To c s d liu theo mu (Template) .................................. 6 1.5. Qun l c s d liu ................................................................. 6 1.5.1. Recent: .................................................................................... 6 1.5.2. M mt c s d liu: ............................................................ 6 1.5.3. Thot khi access: .................................................................. 7 1.5.4. Thu gn v chnh sa c s d liu (Compact & Repair Database)............................................................................................... 7 1.5.5. To password .......................................................................... 8 1.5.6. G b password ...................................................................... 8 1.6. Cc i tng trong c s d liu trong Access ........................ 8 1.6.1. Bng (Tables): ........................................................................ 8 1.6.2. Truy vn (Queries): ................................................................ 9 1.6.3. Biu mu (Forms): .................................................................. 9 1.6.4. Bo co (Reports): .................................................................. 9 1.6.5. Tp lnh (Macros): ................................................................. 9 1.6.6. B m lnh (Modules): ........................................................... 9 1.7. Thao tc vi cc i tng trong c s d liu:....................... 10 1.7.1. To mi mt i tng: ........................................................ 10 1.7.2. Thit k li mt i tng: ................................................... 10 1.7.3. Xem ni dung trnh by ca mt i tng: ......................... 10 1.7.4. Xa mt i tng. ............................................................... 10 1.7.5. i tn i tng .................................................................. 10 1.7.6. Sao chp mt i tng ........................................................ 11 1.7.7. Chp d liu t Access sang ng dng khc (Export). ........ 11 1.7.8. Chp d liu t ng dng khc vo c s d liu Access hin hnh (Import) ...................................................................................... 12 1.7.9. Chc nng Link .................................................................... 14 -157-

Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin hc 1.8. Chn giao din ngi dng trong Access 2010 ....................... 14 1.8.1. Tabbed Documents ............................................................... 14 1.8.2. Overlapping Windows .......................................................... 15 1.8.3. Chuyn t giao din Tabbed Documents sang Overlapping Windows ............................................................................................. 15 Chng 2 XY DNG C S D LIU ....................................... 16 2.1. Khi nim v c s d liu Access .......................................... 16 2.2. Bng d liu (Table) ................................................................ 16 2.2.1. Khi nim: ............................................................................ 16 2.2.2. Kha chnh (Primary key) .................................................... 17 2.2.3. Kha ngoi (Foreign key) ..................................................... 18 2.3. Cch to bng ........................................................................... 18 2.3.1. To bng bng chc nng Table Design: ............................. 18 2.3.2. To bng trong ch Datasheet View ................................ 20 2.4. Cc kiu d liu (Data Type) ................................................... 21 2.5. Cc thuc tnh ca Field: .......................................................... 23 2.5.1. Field Size: ............................................................................. 23 2.5.2. Decimal Places: .................................................................... 23 2.5.3. Format:.................................................................................. 24 2.5.4. Input Mask (mt n nhp liu):............................................. 27 2.5.5. To field Lookup Wizard: .................................................... 28 2.5.6. Validation rule (Quy tc hp l): .......................................... 30 2.5.7. Validation text (Thng bo li): ........................................... 31 2.5.8. Required (Yu cu):.............................................................. 31 2.5.9. AllowZeroLength: ................................................................ 31 2.5.10. Index ( Ch mc/ Sp xp) ................................................ 31 2.5.11. Caption: ............................................................................. 31 2.5.12. Defaut value: ..................................................................... 32 2.6. Hiu chnh cu trc ca bng: .................................................. 32 2.7. Cch nhp d liu cho bng: .................................................... 32 2.8. To quan h gia cc bng trong c s d liu: ....................... 34 2.8.1. Cc loi quan h ................................................................... 34 2.8.2. Cch to quan h: ................................................................. 35 2.8.3. Cch xa quan h .................................................................. 37 2.8.4. Kiu kt ni (Join type): ....................................................... 38 2.9. Cc thao tc vi bng ch Datasheet view ....................... 39 2.9.1. Mt s nh dng trong ch Database View .................... 39 2.9.2. Sp xp ................................................................................. 41 2.9.3. Tm kim v thay th: ........................................................... 42 2.9.4. Lc d liu ............................................................................ 43 -158-

Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin hc Chng 3 TON T -HM -BIU THC ..................................... 46 3.1. Ton t ..................................................................................... 46 3.1.1. Ton t s hc ...................................................................... 46 3.1.2. Ton t so snh ..................................................................... 46 3.1.3. Ton t logic ......................................................................... 46 3.1.4. Ton t khc ......................................................................... 47 3.1.5. Ton t ni chui .................................................................. 47 3.2. Hm .......................................................................................... 47 3.2.1. Hm x l kiu d liu Text ................................................. 47 3.2.2. Hm ngy gi ....................................................................... 48 3.2.3. Hm iu kin ....................................................................... 49 3.2.4. Hm c s d liu ................................................................. 49 3.3. Biu thc .................................................................................. 50 Chng 4 QUERY-TRUY VN D LIU ...................................... 51 4.1. Khi nim ................................................................................. 51 4.2. Cc loi query........................................................................... 51 4.3. Cch to select query bng Design view .................................. 52 4.3.1. Cc thnh phn trong ca s thit k query: ........................ 52 4.3.2. Cc thao tc trong ca s thit k query: .............................. 53 4.3.3. Cch nhp biu thc iu kin ............................................. 55 4.3.4. Truy vn c nhiu iu kin nhiu fields .......................... 56 4.3.5. Top value .............................................................................. 57 4.3.6. To field tnh ton trong query ............................................. 58 4.3.7. S dng Expresstion Builder ................................................ 59 4.4. Total query ............................................................................... 60 4.4.1. Cch to Total Query:........................................................... 60 4.4.2. Cc ty chn trn dng Total: .............................................. 61 4.5. Queries tham s (Parameter Queries)....................................... 62 4.6. Crosstab query .......................................................................... 63 4.6.1. Khi nim: ............................................................................ 63 4.6.2. Cch to: ............................................................................... 63 4.7. Cc loi query to bng chc nng Wizard.............................. 67 4.7.1. Find Duplicate query ............................................................ 67 4.7.2. Find Unmatched query Wizard............................................. 67 4.8. Action query ............................................................................. 68 4.8.1. Update query......................................................................... 68 4.8.2. Make-Table query................................................................. 70 4.8.3. Append query ....................................................................... 71 4.8.4. Delete query.......................................................................... 72 Chng 5 FORM-BIU MU .......................................................... 74 -159-

Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin hc 5.1. Gii thiu.................................................................................. 74 5.2. Cch to form ........................................................................... 74 5.2.1. To mt Single Form ............................................................ 75 5.2.2. To form bng chc nng Form Wizard .............................. 76 5.2.3. To Form bng Design ......................................................... 77 5.3. S dng Form ........................................................................... 80 5.3.1. Tm kim v chnh sa mt record ....................................... 80 5.3.2. Thm mt record .................................................................. 81 5.3.3. Xa mt record ..................................................................... 82 5.3.4. Lc d liu trn form. ........................................................... 82 5.4. Ty bin form trong ch Desing view................................. 83 5.4.1. Thm mt control vo form .................................................. 83 5.4.2. Cc loi form control ............................................................ 84 5.4.3. nh dng cc control trn form ........................................... 85 5.4.4. Thit lp thuc tnh cho control ............................................ 85 5.5. Cch to cc control c h tr ca chc nng Wizard ............. 86 5.5.1. Command button: ................................................................. 86 5.5.2. Option group: ........................................................................ 88 5.5.3. Combo box v List box: ....................................................... 89 5.6. Form v nhng bng lin kt.................................................... 92 5.6.1. Subform control .................................................................... 93 5.6.2. Hiu chnh subform: ............................................................. 94 5.6.3. To tnh ton trong subform .............................................. 95 5.7. Tab control ............................................................................... 96 5.7.1. S dng tab control............................................................... 97 5.7.2. Hiu chnh tab Control ......................................................... 97 5.8. Navigation Form ...................................................................... 97 5.8.1. To Single level Navigation Form: ...................................... 98 5.8.2. To Two level Navigation Form .......................................... 99 5.9. Lin kt n d liu quan h (Link to Related Data) ............. 100 5.9.1. Hin th cc record quan h trong form ring bit .............. 100 5.9.2. To Button dng m form cha records quan h .......... 100 Chng 6 REPORT - BO CO .................................................... 102 6.1. Gii thiu................................................................................ 102 6.2. Cch to report ....................................................................... 102 6.2.1. To bng lnh Report: ........................................................ 102 6.2.2. To report bng chc nng Wizard .................................... 103 6.2.3. To report bng Design ...................................................... 104 6.3. To report c phn nhm ....................................................... 107 6.3.1. S dng Total Query .......................................................... 107 -160-

Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin hc 6.3.2. Report Grouping ................................................................. 108 6.3.3. SubReport ........................................................................... 111 6.3.4. To report c phn nhm bng wizard ............................... 111 6.3.5. Ngt trang trong report phn nhm .................................... 113 6.4. Preview Rport ......................................................................... 114 6.5. nh dng report..................................................................... 114 6.5.1. To li cho report: ............................................................ 114 6.5.2. Thit lp thuc tnh ca cc i tng trong report ........... 114 6.5.3. nh dng d liu ............................................................... 115 Chng 7 MACRO TP LNH ................................................... 118 7.1. Gii thiu................................................................................ 118 7.2. Cch to v thc thi Standalone macros: .............................. 119 7.2.1. Cch to: ............................................................................ 119 7.2.2. Thc thi macro .................................................................... 120 7.2.3. Sub Macro: ......................................................................... 120 7.2.4. Cc Actions v cc Events thng dng .............................. 121 7.3. To Data Macro ...................................................................... 124 7.3.1. Cch to: ............................................................................. 124 7.3.2. Cc Action ca data macro ................................................. 125 7.3.3. Xa data macro ................................................................... 127 7.4. Embedded macros .................................................................. 127 7.5. Hiu chnh macro ................................................................... 127 7.5.1. Thay i action arguments. ................................................ 127 7.5.2. Sp xp cc actions ............................................................. 128 7.5.3. Thm mt action mi.......................................................... 128 7.5.4. Xa mt action.................................................................... 128 7.6. Cc hm thng dng trong biu thc iu kin ................... 128 7.6.1. Hm MsgBox (msg, type, title): ............................. 128 7.6.2. DCount (expr, domain, criteria): ............................ 130 7.7. Macro Autoexec ..................................................................... 130 7.8. Xy dng h thng menu bng macro ................................... 130 7.8.1. To macro cho h thng menu: .......................................... 130 7.8.2. a menu vo chng trnh ............................................... 132 Chng 8 : MODULE ..................................................................... 133 8.1. Gii thiu................................................................................ 133 8.1.1. Ca s son tho code VB .................................................. 133 8.2. Cch to Module .................................................................... 134 8.2.1. To mt module dng chung .............................................. 134 8.2.2. Module gn vi form, report: ............................................. 135 8.2.3. Cc thnh phn trong module ............................................. 135 -161-

Gio trnh Access Trung tm Tin hc 8.2.4. Lnh khai bo: .................................................................... 136 8.2.5. Lnh gn ............................................................................. 137 8.3. Kiu d liu: ........................................................................... 138 8.3.1. Kiu s: ............................................................................... 138 8.3.2. Kiu chui: String ............................................................... 138 8.3.3. Kiu i tng thuc c s d liu .................................... 139 8.4. Cc hm thng dng ............................................................... 139 8.4.1. Hm MsgBox:..................................................................... 139 8.4.2. Hm InputBox: ................................................................... 140 8.4.3. Hm d liu s .................................................................... 141 8.4.4. Hm x l chui ................................................................. 141 8.5. Bin kiu i tng ................................................................ 141 8.5.1. Cc i tng c sn: ......................................................... 142 8.5.2. i tng khng c sn:..................................................... 145 8.6. Cu trc iu khin: ............................................................... 147 8.6.1. Cu trc IfThenElse .................................................... 147 8.6.2. Cu trc Select Case ........................................................... 148 8.6.3. Cu trc ForNext ............................................................ 149 8.6.4. Cu trc For EachNext ................................................... 150 8.6.5. Cu trc DoLoop ............................................................ 150 8.7. Lnh Function ........................................................................ 150 8.8. Lnh Sub ................................................................................ 151 8.9. Lnh Call ................................................................................ 151

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