Mackenzie Kenneally December 6, 2013 1 PHOTOSYNTHISIS SUMMATVE PROJECT PROBLEM: How does doubling the amount of carbon dioxide

from .5g of bisodium carbonate dissolved in 100mL of water to 1g. dissolved in 100mL of water affect the rate of photosynthesis in elodea? HYPOTHESIS: If the amount of baking soda is increased by 50%, then the amount of photosynthesis will increase. THEORY: Photosynthesis is the process where light energy is captured by the chloroplasts, which is in the leaves. The energy is changed into glucose and oxygen. The reactants in this equation, for photosynthesis, are CO2, H20, and sunlight. The products for photosynthesis are C6H12O6 and 02. I think that our experiment will produce more photosynthesis when we put 50% more baking soda in the vile because the baking soda lets off more oxygen when the amount is increased in water. There is already CO2 in the air from cellular respiration, photosynthesiss, opposite process. But when you add baking soda to the equation, it adds a plentiful amount more of CO2. So, the amount of glucose and oxygen that will be produced will be a much more immense amount.

PROCEDURE FOR CARBON DIOXIDE (BAKING SODA) 1. Measure and cut at an angle elodea 7 to 9 cm. 2. Remove a few leaves from end of stem and slightly crush end of stem. 3. Measure mass in grams and record. 4. Put elodea stem side up in a test tube. 5. Fill test tube with water and baking soda solution (1 gram to 100 mL of water). 6. Put tube in rack and adjust lamp with blue light 5 cm from top of test tube. 7. Turn on lamp and wait 1 minute. 8. After 1 minute, begin counting small, medium and large bubbles for 3 minutes. Record data. 9. Repeat with .5 grams and 100mL of water. 10. Repeat for Trial 2

DATA/OBSERVATIONS:
Trial 1 ___grams
Small x 1 CO2 1 gram 42x1= 41

Mackenzie Kenneally December 6, 2013 1

Oxygen Produced in 3 minutes at 5 and 10 cm

Medium x 2 17x2=34 Large x 3 4x3=12 Total 88

.5 gram

31x1=31

14x2=28

6x3=18

77

Notes: Trial 2 _____grams

Small x 1 CO2 1 gram .5 gram 95x1=95 71x1=71

Oxygen Produced in 3 minutes at 5 and 10 cm

Medium x 2 25x2=50 19x2= 38 Large x 3 15x3=45 10x3=30 Total 190 139

Averages
.5g Trial 1 Trial 2 Total Average 77 139 216 108.0 1.0g 88 190 278 139.0

2013 AVERAGE DATA IN 3 MINUTES FROM 5 DIFFERENT CLASSES Baking Soda

.5g CLASS PERIOD AVERAGES 1 2 3 4 1g % Oxygen Decrease/Increase

108 69 33.7 23.7

139 47 26.5 14.3

22% increase 32% decrease 21% decrease 40% decrease

Mackenzie Kenneally December 6, 2013 1

6 7 TOTAL/5 AVERAGE 26.3 3.8 192.4/6 44.1 36.3 72.8 243.2/6 56 28% increase 95% increase 21% increase

Amount of Bubbles Produced in 3 min

Average Data for Period 1 and 7th Grade

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Period 1 Classes All classes 44.1 56 .5g 1.0g 108 139

Conclusion: In this lab, my group tested weather doubling the amount of baking soda in with an elodea would increase the amount of 02 bubbles (therefor photosynthesis) produced in 3 minuets from 5cm away. I hypothesized that if the amount of baking soda was increased by 50%, the amount of O2 bubbles (photosynthesis) would increase. My hypothesis was correct 50% of the time. In class periods 1, 6, and 7, there was a increase of 22%, 28%, and 95%, which agrees with my hypothesis. However, the other 3 classes (periods 2,3, and 4) had data that did not agree with my hypothesis, with a 32% decrease, 21% decrease, and 40% decrease. When I calculated all the 7th grades data into an average, I found out that my hypothesis was more correct than incorrect; the average was a 21% increase from .5g of baking soda to 1g of baking soda. Overall, I conclude that the rate of photosynthesis is greater with 1g of baking soda than .5 g and my hypothesis is 100% correct.

Mackenzie Kenneally December 6, 2013 1 Analysis: When doing the lab that I chose, I noticed some inconstancies in the data. One major inconstancy that I noticed was the range. At .5g of baking soda, the range was 105 oxygen bubbles produced in 3 minuets. At 1g of baking soda, the range was 125 oxygen bubbles produced in 3 minuets. Another immense inconstancy in the data is the high amount oxygen bubbles produced in 3 minuets by period 1. These numbers are much higher than what the other groups got so, it makes me wonder what we can do to make this procedure more reliable. What I could maybe to make this experiment more reliable is to maybe talk to the other classes and decide what small, medium, and large bubbles look like to clarify this problem. This would help enormously to make sure we get reliable data. Another issue we can address is to turn the lights on at the same time. My group turned some of the lights on early, some on late, and some on time. But what we need to do is that we put them on at the exact same time so what we can do is maybe have a countdown to when you have to turn on the light so we cannot mess up. These are just few of many discrepancy solutions that I have come up with. Bibliography: Coolidge-Stolz M.D., Elizabeth, et al. Focus On Life Science. Boston, Mass: Prentice Hall, 2008. Washington State Department of Ecology. American Waterweed- A Common Native Plant. February 24, 2003. November 2013. <http://www.ecy.wa.gov/Programs/wq/plants/native/elodea.html> Young, Paul. The Botany Coloring Book. Cambridge, New York: Harper and Row, 1982. "Elodea (Common Waterweed)." Water Quality (Penn State Extension). N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2013.