Diabetes Research

• Diabetes is a disease in which the pancreas can’t produce insulin.

• Diabetes is also a serious lifelong disease
• Can lead to heart attack, kidney failure, blindness, and even death
• Diabetes has been around for thousands of years and can date back to Egypt
1500Bc where it is said that a disease caused people to urinate frequently and it is
the oldest one on record
• Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death
•
• Insulin is a hormone used to convert sugar, starches and other foods into energy.
• Scientists don’t know what causes diabetes although both genetics and
environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise play roles in Diabetes
• 23.6 Million Children and adults In the USA have diabetes
• 7% of the entire population.
• An estimated 17.9 million have been diagnosed with Diabetes
• 5.7 Million people or ¼ are unaware that they have this disease
• To determine whether you have Diabetes, the doctors give you
• Fasting Plasma Glucose Test or
• an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
• FPG glucose levels between 100 and 125 mg/dl signals pre-diabetes
• a person with glucose levels of 126 mg/dl or higher have diabetes
• In OGTT glucose levels are measured after 2 hours of drinking a glucose rich
Beverage
• OGTT levels are between 140 and199mg/dl the person has pre diabetes
• If OGTT levels are at 200 mg/dl the person has Diabetes
Major Types of Diabetes
• Type 1 Diabetes
• -5-10% diagnosed
• Children and Young Adults diagnosed
• Also known as juvenile Diabetes
• Conditions associated with Diabetes 1 are
• Hyperglycemia,
• Hypoglycemia,
• Ketoacidosis and
• Celiac disease.
• Symptoms of type 1 look like the flu, strep throat, or an eating disorder
• Can be dangerous because you can slip in to a coma and die before your diabetes
is discovered
• Immune system plays a key role- make antibody to destroy viruses and they
sometimes make mistakes and attack the cells that produce the insulin.
• Viruses also cause illnesses like the mumps and German measles that can also
cause diabetes
• Teens who have type2 are almost always overweight
• Teens have a greater chance at getting type1 than any other serious chronic
childhood disease
•
• Type 2 Diabetes
• -Most common
• Can cause two problems:
• 1.Right away cells may be starved for energy
• 2. Over time high blood glucose levels may hurt your eyes, kidneys, nerves, or
heart.
• Type two Diabetes is more common in African Americans, Latinos, Native
Americans and Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders
• The body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin.
• Gestational Diabetes
• -after pregnancy 5-10% of women
• 13500 cases each year
• Insulin Resistance because placenta hormones block mother’s insulin
• Need 3x as much insulin
• Go away after pregnancy but may occur again 2/3 in future pregnancies
• Uncovers type 1 or type 2
• Losing a few pounds can help avoid type 2 with 20% over ideal body weight
• Eat variety of fruits and veggies limit fat intake to 30% or less of calories
• Exercising helps body produce more insulin and combats insulin resistance
• Pre-Diabetes
• -57 million Americans on top of the 23.6 million who have Pre Diabetes.
• Before you develop type 2 you get pre-diabetes
• Long term damage may occur such as the heart and circulatory system
• You can delay or prevent type 2 Diabetes by managing your blood glucose
• Prolonging Making changes in diet and increasing amount physical activity
• 30 minutes of exercise each day and a loss of 5-10% of body fat reduces the
Getting of diabetes by 58%
• Factors to get Diabetes are Age, Overweight/obesity, and lack of exercise
Diabetes
By: April Pasquale

Diabetes is a serious medical condition in which the body ignores or doesn’t

produce enough insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is used to convert sugar, starches and
other foods into energy the body needs. Doctors aren’t sure what causes diabetes
although both genetics and the environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise
play roles. Some of the factors for getting Diabetes are age, overweight/obesity, and lack
of exercise. There are several kinds of Diabetes such as Pre-Diabetes, Type 1, Type 2,
and Gestational Diabetes. The most common of these is Type 2 Diabetes. Type 2
Diabetes is most common in African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans and Asian
Americans/Pacific Islanders. Type 2 Diabetes results from insulin resistance, when your
cells ignore the insulin. Type 1 Diabetes is also known as Juvenile Diabetes because
Young Adults and Children are diagnosed with it. 5-10% of people with Diabetes have
Type 1. Gestational Diabetes only occurs in woman because it shows up during a
pregnancy. 5-10% of pregnant woman get Gestational Diabetes. Each year there are
over 13,500 cases of Gestational Diabetes. You need 3 times more insulin than a regular
Diabetic does. If you are diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes it will go away after
pregnancy but may show up again in future pregnancies 2/3 times. Sometimes
Gestational Diabetes uncovers Type1 or Type 2 Diabetes. In America alone, 23.6 million
people have been diagnosed with Diabetes and 57 million on top of that have Pre-
Diabetes. Before you develop type 2 diabetes you get Pre-Diabetes. Long term damage
to the circulatory system and the heart may occur during Pre-Diabetes. One thing that is
unfortunate is that about ¼ of those who have it doesn’t even know they have it.
Exercising helps reduce the chance of getting Diabetes because it forces your body to
produce more insulin and it also strengthens your cardiovascular system. Did you know
that 30 minutes of physical activity per day reduces the risk of Diabetes by 58%? Teens
have a greater chance at getting type 1 than any other chronic childhood disease.
In conclusion, lifelong fitness is important for everyone because it keeps your
body healthy and your heart strong. It also helps you to prevent getting Diabetes and
many other serious health conditions.

Resources used-
• http://www.diabetes.org/type-1-diabetes.jsp
• Diabetes By: Gail B. Stewart(616.4STE)
• Diabetes By: Judith Peacock(616.4PEA)