CHAPTER 2

CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

2.1 WHAT IS CELL?

Identify cell as the basic unit of living things
Use a microscope
Identify drawing and labeling general structure of cell
Comparing between animal cells and plant cells
Explain the function of each cell structure
WHAT IS CELL?
A cell is the basic unit of all living things
The cell structures can be observed by using a microscope
Plant cells and animal cells differ in their shapes and
functions
Plant Cell Animal cell
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm
Cell wall

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Vacuole

Chloroplast

Nucleus
Similarities & Differences

Plant cell Similarities Animal Cell

Both have :
»Cell membrane
»Cytoplasm
»Nucleus

Plant cell Differences Animal Cell

Has cell wall Cell wall None

Definite shape Shape Indefinite shape

Usually large vacuole Vacuole Usually has no vacuole

Has Chloroplast Chloroplast None

Functions of Cell structures :
CELL FUNCTIONS
STRUCTURES
Cell Membrane Controls the movement of materials in
and out of the cell
Cytoplasm Allows chemical reactions to take place
Nucleus Controls all cellular activities. It contains
genetic information
Cell Wall Maintains the shape of the cell
Vacuole Contains cell sap. Cell sap is a liquid
with dissolved substances such as
sugar and salt
CHAPTER 2
CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

2.2 UNICELLULAR & MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS

State the meaning of unicellular organisms and multicellular
organisms
Provide examples of multicellular and unicellular organisms
WHAT IS….?
An unicellular organism consist of only one cell each.
The only one cell does all the body functions to keep them
alive.
Examples of unicellular organisms are :
Amoeba, Paramecium, euglena and zooplankton.

Paramecium Amoeba Euglena

WHAT IS….?

A multicellular organism consist of many cells.

Examples of multicellular organisms are :
Butterfly, ant, hydra and spirogyra
A multicellular organism consist of many cells.
Examples of multicellular organisms are :
Butterfly, ant, hydra and spirogyra

Mucor Spyrogira
CHAPTER 2
CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

2.3 Cell Organaisation In The Body

Name different types of human cells

State the function of different types of human cells
Arrange sequentially cell organization from simple to complex
WHAT IS….?
Human being is a multicellular organism. There are many different
types of cells in our human body.
Different cells perform different functions. Some of the
examples are given below.

Shape of cell Type of cell Function

Red Blood cell Transport oxygen
throughout the body

Muscle cell To allow movements of the

body
Shape of cell Type of cell Function
White Blood cell Kill germs that invade body

Sperm Fertilizes the ovum in sexual

reproduction

Nerve cell Conveys messages

(neuron) throughout the body
Organisation of human cells

Cell A group of similar cells that

perform the same function

Tissue
A group of different tissues that
carry out a certain function
Organs
Several different organs
connected to one another and
Systems perform a particular function form
a system

Organism
 Human Body Systems

Function Breaks down food materials for

absorption by the body
Associated Mouth, oesophagus, stomach and
Organs small intestines

Function Secretes hormone to maintain

activities of body
Associated Pituitary glands, Thyroid glands,
Organs pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries
and testes

Digestive system Endocrine System

 Human Body Systems

Function Coordinates activities of the body

Associated Brain, spinal cord and nerve fibres

Organs

Function Provides support to the

body,maintains the shape of the
body, protects internal organs and
allow body movements
Associated Bones and cartilages
Organs

Nervous System Skeletal System

 Human Body Systems

Function Transports nutrients, oxygen and

excretory products
Associated Heart, veins and arteries
Organs

Function Moves parts of the body

Associated Muscles and tendons

Organs

Blood circulatory system Muscular System

 Human Body Systems

Function Takes in oxygen and removes

carbon dioxide. Oxidizes food to
produce energy
Associated Nose, trachea, lungs, diaphragm
Organs

Function Removes excretory products from

the body
Associated Lungs, skin, kidneys and urinary
Organs bladder

Respiratory system Excretory System

Human Body Systems

Reproductive system

Function Give birth to babies

Associated Man : Testes and penis

Organs Woman : Ovaries, uterus, vagina
CHAPTER 2
CELL AS A UNIT OF LIFE

2.4 The Human Being – a complex Organism

Explain why human beings are complex organisms

WHAT IS….?

Human beings are considered complex organism. Human

cells are organized into tissues, organs and systems.

Human cells are specialized. They perform certain specific

functions only.

With the proper organization of cells, life processes can be

carried out affectively.
SMK Perempuan Likas
Sabah