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mvgvwRK eemv Z
(mgvR cwieZbi gWj)
jLK: gvt Zvwidzi ingvb Lvb
M^Z: gvt Zvwidzi ingvb Lvb
c_g cKvk: m^i, 2013
gyLe
mvgvwRK eemv eZgvb mgqi mePq AvjvwPZ GKwU welq| GB eemvi AvIZvq mnRB mvgvwRK mgmvwji UKmB
mgvavb me nq|
G cvcU mvgvwRK wewfb mgmvq RRwoZ wewfb `k mvgvwRK eemv gWjwUK `ki mvgvwRK mgmv wbimbi
AbZg KvhKix Dcvq wnmve gb KiQ| ZvB, mvgvwRK eemvi iZ w`b w`b ew cvQ|
mvgvwRK eemvi gZ iZc~Y GKwU welq mKji aviYv cwivi Kivi j Ges mvgvwRK eemv mK c_K c_K
gZvgZK GKwU cvUdg Avbvi cPv wnmve mvgvwRK eemv Z (mgvR cwieZbi gWj) eBwU cKvki D`vM
MnY Kiv nqQ|
mvgvwRK eemv welq mKji Rvbvi AvKvsLv ^ cwimi wgUvZ mg njI GB cqvm mdj I ^v_K ne|
m~wPc
K. mvgvwRK eemv
1. mvgvwRK eemvi aviYv
2. mvgvwRK eemvi weKvk
3. mvgvwRK eemvi ewk
4. mvgvwRK eemvi iZ
5. eemvwqK KvVvgvi wfwZ mvgvwRK eemvi aiY
K. mvgvwRK eemv
1. mvgvwRK eemvi aviYv
mvaviY A_ mvgvwRK Dk cwiPvwjZ eemvq nQ mvgvwRK eemv| mgvR we`gvb wewfb mgmvi ga
_K GK ev GKvwaK mgmv `~ixKiY cwZwZ eemvwqK gWjB nj mvgvwRK eemv|
mvgvwRK eemv gyjZ eemvwqK KvVvgvi AvIZvq mgvRi we`gvb mgmv mgvavb KvR Ki| weklfve
gvbyli gwjK Pvwn`v (Ab, e, evmvb, wkv, ^v cfwZ) c~iYi Ges gvbyl I cKwZ m wewfb mgmv
mgvavb mvgvwRK eemv AMYx f~wgKv cvjb Ki _vK| GQvovI cvKwZKfve we`gvb wewfb cwZeKZv I
mgvRi mvweK Pvwn`v c~iYi jI mvgvwRK eemv iZc~Y|
mgvRi BwZevPK cwieZbi j mvgvwRK mgmvi mgvavb, Kgmsvb, mgvRi RbMvwi KjvY Kejgv
mvgvwRK eemvi gvagB me| mvgvwRK eemvi gvag mvgvwRK A_bxwZ mymsnZ nq hvi djkwZZ mgvRi
Af~ mKj c DcKZ nq _vK|
gvUK_v, mgvRi Awaevmx`i KjvYi j cwiPvwjZ eemv nQ mvgvwRK eemv hLvb mgvRi we`gvb
GK ev GKvwaK mgmv `~ixKiYi cqvm _vK|
2. mvgvwRK eemvi weKvk
mvgvwRK eemvi aviYvwU gyjZ 1840 mvj Drcw nq| GB avivevwnKvZvq Ewbk kZKB mvgvwRK mgmv
`~ixKiYi Rb ev mgvRi BwZevPK cwieZb Avbqbi Rb wewfb mvgvwRK D`vM j Kiv hvq| GB
D`vMwji ga Vinoba Bhave Gi Indias Land Gift Movement, Robert Owen Gi
Cooperative Movement, Florence Nightingale Gi c_g Nursing School cfwZ DjLhvM hv
msMVb ev dvDkb KvVvgvi AvIZvq Zv`i Kvhg cwiPvjbv KiZ|
GKBfve wesk I GKwesk kZKI wewfb KvVvgvi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemvi Kvhg Pjgvb iqQ| G
DjLhvM D`vM nQ Muhammad Yunus Gi Grameen Bank, Bill Drayton Gi Ashoka: The
Innovators for the Public, Jyotindra Nath Gi Youth United, Ramakrishna I Smita Ram Gi
Rand De, Vikram Akula Gi SKS Microfinance Ges Nick Reder, Brent Freeman I Norma
La Rosa Gi Roozi.com|
GB mvgvwRK eemvi aviYv m~PbvjM nZ wewfb weeZbi ga w`q eZgvb Aevq Avwef~Z nqQ| eZgvb
wek mgvwRK wewfb mgmv mgvavbi KvhKix nvwZqvi wnmve mvgvwRK eemv weewPZ nQ|
3. mvgvwRK eemvi ewk
mvgvwRK eemvi wbR^ ekwKQz ^vZ ewk iqQ| GB ewkwj mvgvwRK eemvK gyjZ cPwjZ eemv
_K ^vZZv w`qQ| wb mvgvwRK eemvi ewkwj avivevwnKfve DjL Kiv njt
K. mvgvwRK Dk:
mvgvwRK eemv AekB Kvb mvgvwRK Dk evevqbi j cwiPvwjZ nq| h mvgvwRK DkK mywbw`,
BwZevPK Ges evevqbhvM nZ nq|
L. mvgvwRK mgmvi mgvavb:
cZKwU mvgvwRK eemvq Kvb bv Kvb mvgvwRK mgmv mgvavbi cqvm _vK| G GK ev GKvwaK
mvgvwRK mgmv `~ixKiYi cPvq gyjZ mvgvwRK eemvK wbqvwRZ nZ nq|
M. mvgvwRK KjvY:
mvgvwRK eemvi gvag mvgvwRK Kjvbi welqwU wbwZ nq| hLvb mgvRi mKji Z_v mgvRi mKj
ci cZ ev civ KjvY mvwaZ nq _vK|
N. UKmB gWj:
eemvwqKfve UKmB GKwU KvVvgvi Dci wfw Ki mvgvwRK eemv cwiPvwjZ nq| hvi gvag mvgvwRK
eemvwU wbR^ AwZ wUK ivLvi cvkvcvwk eemvqi mmviY wbwZ Ki _vK|
O. Kgmsvb:
mvgvwRK eemvi AvIZvq mgvRi emevmKvix`i Kgi myhvM mw nq| A_vr mvgvwRK eemvi eemvwqK
KgKv cwiPvjbvi Rb cqvRbxq jvKeji msvb mvaviYZ mswk mgvR _K nq _vK|
P. bvqmZ gybvdv:
mvgvwRK eemvi AbZg cavb ewk nQ bvqmZ gybvdv ARb| G Abvhfve AwZwi gybvdv ARbi
myhvM _vK bv|
Q. cwiek mPZb:
mvgvwRK eemv cwieki fvimvgZv msiYi welq AwaK hZevb nq| A_vr mvgvwRK eemvqi
cwieki fvimvg ivi AbyK~j welqwjK AwaK iZ `Iqv nq|
4. mvgvwRK eemvi iZ
mvgvwRK eemv mgvRi BwZevPK cwieZbi AbZg Dcvq wnmve KvR Ki| mgvRi wewfb mgmvi KvhKix
mgvavb mvgvwRK eemvi AvIZvq mnRB meci nq| wb mvgvwRK eemvi iZc~Y w`Kwj DjL Kiv njt
K. mvgvwRK Dk ARb:
mgvRi mywbw`, BwZevPK I evevqbhvM Dk ARbi Rb mvgvwRK eemvi Kvhg cwiPvwjZ nq _vK|
djkwZZ mvgvwRK eemvi gvag mvgvwRK Dbqbi MwZ Zivw^Z nq|
L. mvgvwRK mgmvi mgvavb:
mvgvwRK eemv mvgvwRK wewfb mgmv mgvavbi Dcvq wnmve KvR Ki _vK| weavq, mvgvwRK eemvi AvIZvq
mgvR we`gvb wewfb cwZeKZv `~i Ki mnR mgvRi Dbqb wbwZ Kiv me nq|
O. Kgmsvb:
cPwjZ eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi gvag mgvRi emevmKvix`i Kgi myhvM mw
nq| A_vr cPwjZ eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi eemvwqK KgKv cwiPvjbvi Rb
cqvRbxq jvKeji msvb mvaviYZ mswk mgvR _K nq _vK|
P. bvqmZ gybvdv:
cPwjZ eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi AbZg cavb ewk nQ bvqmZ gybvdv ARb|
G Abvhfve AwZwi gybvdv ARbi myhvM _vK bv|
Q. cwiek mPZb:
cPwjZ eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemv cwieki fvimvgZv msiYi welq AwaK hZevb
nq| A_vr cPwjZ eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvqi cwieki fvimvg ivi
AbyK~j welqwjK AwaK iZ `Iqv nq|
R. cvwZvwbK KvVvgv:
cPwjZ eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi cwZvbi eemvwqK KvVvgv GK gvwjKvbv
Kvievi, Askx`vix Kvievi, h_ g~jabx Kvievi cfwZi ga _K h Kvb GKwU KvVvgvi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ
nq _vK| hLvb cwZvbi gvwjK ev Askx`viiv eemvqi cqvRbxq g~jab mieivn Ki _vK|
S. gybvdv eUb I `vq-`vwqZ enb:
cPwjZ eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi cwZvbi gvwjK ev Askx`vi eemvq
Zv`i wewbqvMi wecixZ gybvdv ev jfvsk MnY Ki _vK cvkvcvwk GKBfve cPwjZ eemv cwZvbi gZ
cwZvbi mgy`q `vq-`vwqZ (mxgve `vq wewk cwZvb eZxZ) enb Ki _vK|
3. cPwjZ eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemvi myweav
cPwjZ eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemv cwiPvjbvi ekwKQy myweav we`gvb| wb myweavwj
DjL Kiv nj|
K. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq Kvb bv Kvb mvgvwRK mgmv mgvavbi cqvm _vK| ZvB mvgvwRK mgmv
`~ixKiY GB eemvwqK gWj AZ KvhKix|
L. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq hnZz gybvdv ARbi myhvM _vK ZvB mnRB wewbqvMKvix`i AvK Kiv
me nq| dj GB gWji AvIZvq g~jabi mnRcvwZv wbwZ nq|
M. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ eemv cwieki fvimvgZv msiYi welq AwaK hZevb nq| ZvB
cwieki fvimvg ivi AbyK~j welqwj GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq wbwZ nq|
N. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ eemv GKwU UKmB eemvwqK gWj Gi Dci wfw Ki cwZwZ
nq| dj cwZvbwU wbR^ AwZ wUK ivLvi cvkvcvwk eemvqi mmviY I gvwjK ev Askx`vi`i
wewbqvMi wecixZ gybvdv c`vb wbwZ KiZ cvi|
O. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ eemvi gvag mgvRi emevmKvix`i Kgi myhvM mw nq| ZvB
mgvRi eKvi mgmv wbimb GB eemvwqK KvVvgv AZ DchvMx|
O. Kgmsvb:
mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi gvag mgvRi emevmKvix`i Kgi myhvM mw
nq| A_vr mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi eemvwqK KgKv cwiPvjbvi Rb
cqvRbxq jvKeji msvb mvaviYZ mswk mgvR _K nq _vK|
P. bvqmZ gybvdv:
mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi AbZg cavb ewk nQ bvqmZ gybvdv
ARb| G Abvhfve AwZwi gybvdv ARbi myhvM _vK bv|
Q. cwiek mPZb:
mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemv cwieki fvimvgZv msiYi welq AwaK
hZevb nq| A_vr mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvqi cwieki fvimvg
ivi AbyK~j welqwjK AwaK iZ `Iqv nq|
R. cvwZvwbK KvVvgv:
mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi cwZvbi eemvwqK KvVvgvwU mxgve `vq
wewk nZ nq| hLvb `vb, Aby`vb, miKvix Znwej, diZhvM evwMZ ev cvwZvwbK wewbqvM cfwZ GK ev
GKvwaK Drm nZ g~jab msMnxZ nq _vK|
S. AwRZ gybvdvi eenvi:
mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi cwZvbi g~jab mieivni wecixZ
g~jab mieivnKvixi gybvdv cvwi myhvM _vK bv| aygv cwZvbi wbR^ AwZ wUK ivLvi cvkvcvwk
eemvqi mmviYi Rb cwZvbi AwRZ gybvdv eeZ nq _vK| Ze diZhvM evwMZ ev cvwZvwbK
wewbqvM diZ cvIqvi myhvM _vK|
3. mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemvi myweav
mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemv cwiPvjbvi ekwKQy myweav iqQ| wb myweavwj
DjL Kiv nj|
K. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq Kvb bv Kvb mvgvwRK mgmv mgvavbi cqvm _vK| ZvB mvgvwRK mgmv
`~ixKiY GB eemvwqK gWj AZ KvhKix|
L. GB cwZvwbK KvVvgvi AvIZvq bvqmZ gybvdv ARb I mvgvwRK KjvYi welqwU hnZz wbwZ
Kiv me nq ZvB mnRB gvbyli wbKU GB KvVvgvi MnYhvMZv wbwZ Kiv hvq|
M. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ eemv cwieki fvimvgZv msiYi welq AwaK hZevb nq|
ZvB cwieki fvimvg ivi AbyK~j welqwj GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq wbwZ nq|
N. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ eemv GKwU UKmB eemvwqK gWj Gi Dci wfw Ki cwZwZ
nq| dj cwZvbwU wbR^ AwZ wUK ivLvi cvkvcvwk eemvqi mmviY wbwZ KiZ cvi|
O. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ eemvi gvag mgvRi emevmKvix`i Kgi myhvM mw nq|
ZvB mgvRi eKvi mgmv wbimb GB eemvwqK KvVvgv AZ DchvMx|
P. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq hnZz g~jab mieivnKvixi Kvb gybvdv ARbi myhvM _vK bv ZvB
gWjwU mgvRi A_bwZK elg `~ixKiY AwaK KvhKix|
4. mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemvi Amyweav
mvgvwRK eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemv cwiPvjbvi myweavi cvkvcvwk wKQz AmyweavI iqQ|
wb Amyweavwj DjL Kiv nj|
K. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq hnZz gybvdv cvwi myhvM _vK bv ZvB mnRB wewbqvMKvix`i AvK
Kiv meci nq bv| dj GB gWji AvIZvq g~jab msvb Kmva nq|
L. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq g~jab mieivnKvix`I Kvb gybvdv c`vb KiZ nq bv| ZvB Kvb Kvb
gybvdv ARbi welqwU Kg iZ cq _vK hv cwZvbi AwZi Rb SuywKc~Y|
O. Kgmsvb:
wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi gvag mgvRi emevmKvix`i Kgi myhvM mw nq|
A_vr wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi eemvwqK KgKv cwiPvjbvi Rb cqvRbxq
jvKeji msvb mvaviYZ mswk mgvR _K nq _vK|
P. bvqmZ gybvdv:
wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi AbZg cavb ewk nQ bvqmZ gybvdv ARb|
G Abvhfve AwZwi gybvdv ARbi myhvM _vK bv|
Q. cwiek mPZb:
wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemv cwieki fvimvgZv msiYi welq AwaK hZevb
nq| A_vr wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvqi cwieki fvimvg ivi AbyK~j
welqwjK AwaK iZ `Iqv nq|
R. cvwZvwbK KvVvgv:
wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi cwZvbi eemvwqK KvVvgvwU mxgve `vq
wewk nZ nq| hLvb wewfb evwi cvkvcvwk GK ev GKvwaK mvgvwRK cwZvb (^Qvmex msMVb, GbwRI,
`vZe cwZvb, RbKjvYg~jK Uv cfwZ) g~jab mieivn Ki _vK|
S. gybvdv eUb:
wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ mvgvwRK eemvi cwZvb g~jab mieivnKvix evw I mvgvwRK
cwZvb (^Qvmex msMVb, GbwRI, `vZe cwZvb, RbKjvYg~jK Uv cfwZ) g~jab mieivni wecixZ
gybvdv ev jfvsk MnY Ki _vK| Ze mvgvwRK cwZvb (^Qvmex msMVb, GbwRI, `vZe cwZvb,
RbKjvYg~jK Uv cfwZ) KZK mieivnKZ g~jabi wecixZ cv gybvdv aygv mvgvwRK cwZvbi
(^Qvmex msMVb, GbwRI, `vZe cwZvb, RbKjvYg~jK Uv cfwZ) mgvR Dbqbg~jK KgKvi Rb eq
nq _vK|
3. wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemvi myweav
wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemv cwiPvjbvi ekwKQy myweav iqQ| wb myweavwj DjL
Kiv nj|
K. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq Kvb bv Kvb mvgvwRK mgmv mgvavbi cqvm _vK| ZvB mvgvwRK mgmv
`~ixKiY GB eemvwqK gWj AZ KvhKix|
L. GB cwZvwbK KvVvgvi AvIZvq hnZz evw Askx`vwiZi cvkvcvwk mvgvwRK cwZvbi
Askx`vwiZ wbwZ Kiv me nq ZvB gvbyli wbKU Zzjbvg~jKfve GB KvVvgvi Dk MnYhvM
nq|
M. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ eemv cwieki fvimvgZv msiYi welq AwaK hZevb nq|
ZvB cwieki fvimvg ivi AbyK~j welqwj GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq wbwZ nq|
N. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ eemv GKwU UKmB eemvwqK gWj Gi Dci wfw Ki cwZwZ
nq| dj cwZvbwU wbR^ AwZ wUK ivLvi cvkvcvwk eemvqi mmviY I Askx`vi`i
wewbqvMi wecixZ gybvdv c`vb wbwZ KiZ cvi|
O. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq cwiPvwjZ eemvi gvag mgvRi emevmKvix`i Kgi myhvM mw nq|
ZvB mgvRi eKvi mgmv wbimb GB eemvwqK KvVvgv AZ DchvMx|
P. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq mvgvwRK cwZvbi mieivnKZ g~jabi wecixZ cv gybvdv hnZz
mgvRi Dbqbg~jK KvR eeZ nq ZvB mgvRi KjvYg~jK KvR ewP Avbv me nq|
Q. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq hnZz gybvdv cvwi myhvM _vK ZvB mnRB wewbqvMKvix`i AvK
Kiv meci nq|
4. wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemvi Amyweav
wgk eemv cwZvbi AvIZvq mvgvwRK eemv cwiPvjbvi ekwKQz AmyweavI iqQ| wb Amyweavwj
DjL Kiv nj|
K. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq hnZz gybvdv cvwi myhvM _vK ZvB evw chvqi Askx`viiv gybvdv
ARbi welq AwaK iZ c`vbi Rb Pvc cqvM Ki| dj Kvb Kvb mvgvwRK KjvYi
welqwU evavM nq _vK|
L. GB KvVvgvi AvIZvq g~jab mieivnKvix`i gybvdv c`vb Kivq cwZvbi mmviYi MwZ
Zzjbvg~jK k_ nq _vK|