Jeremiah Coleman Andrew Tiu Erin Yi Period 2 September 27, 2013 Overall Objective: The investigations purpose was

to describe when an object's velocity changes. st 1 Specific Purpose: Determining the relationship between position and time for a BIP. Diagram:

Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Set up ramp and use rubber bands to stabilize the light gates. Plug gates into the computer. Open computer application. Measure the distance between the two light gates using a meter stick. Hit record on computer application.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Using the meter stick, make sure the ball is at the same starting point every time. Shift meter stick at any time to start the trial. Change the distance between the gates. Redo numbers 4 to 8, nine times in total.

Data Table: Position (meters) .05 .08 .28 .40 .55 .69 .84 .97 1.08 Time (seconds) .189 .219 .537 .601 .82 .872 .91 .944 .983

Evaluations of x vs. t Data Table: 1. We first made the y-axis the position with units of meters while the x-axis is time in seconds. Then, we jotted down the information from the data table into the columns of the x and y axis. In order for the position of the line to start from zero, we auto scaled the graph from zero. We then linear fitted the line. The graph is a top opening parabola and the position is directly proportional to the square of time. 2. There werent any new or extended data tables.

3.

4. The marble took a longer time to pass through the light gates as the distance of the light gates increased in meters. 5. Formula: y = mx2 + b Equation: position = [1.017 m/s2 ](time
2

+ .003m

6. The position increases by 1.017m every second2 7. When the time is zero second , the position is at .003m. 8. Miniscule errors such as tiny differences in starting positions may be found. The marble doesnt exactly start at the same place (right in front of the beam) every time so the origin isnt a precise origin. This is a human error. Conclusion (position & time): 1. With the purpose of finding the change in velocity, we created a data table to compare time vs position. Doing this we found that the speed increase as the marble goes down the slope 2. The general relationship between time and position is that the position increase by .017m every second. 3. As a result we found the equation: position = [1.017 m/s2 ](time
2

+ .003m

4. Starting at 0 seconds with a position of .003m, the position increases by 1.017m every second2. Definition of Velocities: 1. Average velocity is the average speed throughout the story. How many meters it goes in a certain amount of seconds. 2. The instantaneous velocity of an object is the velocity at a certain/exact moment in time. Velocity Instant Vs Time Evaluation t2=t1+.001 1. How to find each Velocity Instant: x1=(1.017 m/s/s)(t1)2 +.003m x2=(1.017 m/s/s)(t1 +.001s)2 +.003m Point 1 t=0.189s x1=(1.017 m/s/s)(0.189s)2 x2=(1.017 m/s/s)(0.189s+0.001s) 2 v=0.0367 m-0.0363m 0.22s-0.219s v=0.4 m/s (Repeat process for rest of points) 2. (No need for intercept, the cancel out when subtracting BRB) x1=0.0363m x2=0.0367m x=(1.017 m/s/s)t2 +.003m v=x2-x1 t2-t1

Velocity Instant (meters/second/second) .4 .5 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.6 1.9 2.1 2

Time (seconds) .189 .219 .537 .601 .82 .822 .91 .994 .983

3.

4. The general trend shows that the relationship between time and velocity instant is the velocity instant being nearly double the time. 5. Formula: Velocity Instant=mt+b

Velocity Instant=(0.4895 m/s/s)(time)-0.0048 m/s 6. Slope Meaning: For every second the velocity increases by 0.4895 m/s. 7. Intercept Meaning: When time is 0 seconds the velocity is -0.0048 m/s. 8. Miniscule errors may be found due to humans inability to recreate a precise event such as making a marble start from the exact same location 9 times. Thus resulting in inaccurate data and conversions to velocity instant, resulting in a negative intercept.

Conclusion: 1. The purpose of this was to determine the relationship between velocity and time for the BIP. After analyzing the graph, velocity is proportional to time by velocity being around double the value of time. 2.The relationship between the time and instantaneous velocity reveals that velocity instant is about double the amount of time. 3.Velocity Instant=(0.4895 m/s/s)(time)-0.0048 m/s 4. The slope of the equation means that every second, the velocity increases by .489 m/s. The intercept means that at zero seconds the velocity is -.00048m/s. 5. The lab could be applicable to today if someone wanted to know how long it would take to change from one velocity to another. The only problem would be finding a large scale light gate, but this could be replaced with a radar gun that portrays speed and pressure plates for time increments. Post Lab Analysis x is proportional to t2 x=(slope)t2 +x0 V0=V initial V= V final (slope)t2=1/2a v=(slope)t +v0 (slope)t=a =at

= =v0t +(v-vo)t =v0t + (at)(t) =v0t+at2 x=x0 +v0t+at2 =v0t+(v-v0)t =v0t+vt-v0t =v0t+vt =(v0+v)t t=2 v0+v Use this formula if you dont know acceleration Use this formula if you dont have final velocity

=v0t+at2 =v0(2 v0+v) +a(2 v0+v)2 )2

(v0+v)2=2v0g

(v0+v) + a(2

(v02+2v0v+v2)=2v02 +2vv0 +2a v2=v02+2a Use this if you dont know time.

3. Domain of Model The velocity must be constant. There can be no turning.

All speed changes must be instantaneous. Speeds speed of light