Honors Chemistry

Name: Katie and Charmaine

Stoichiometry and Measurements Lab

Unit 4:Stoichiometry

error.
NOTE: % yield = actual mass x 100% predicted mass x 100% % error = predicted mass- actual mass predicted mass

Stoichiometry Lab As a doctor in the hospital, your patient needs 1.35 g of barium dichromate for the production of his "life saving" medicine. You know that every time you conduct this reaction, you get a 79.5% yield. The chemicals that you have to work with are potassium dichromate and barium nitrate . (they are very expensive, so use the minimum amount needed) Describe fully what you are going to do. Draw in the following:

Before beginning, include all calculations necessary to begin your procedure.

Draw a data table necessary to collect the data. Be careful to think of all data necessary to collect and include this in your table. (if you forget something, you can always repeat the lab) Procedure: The mass of each substance was measured out to produce 1.35g of barium dichromate with a 79.5% yield. The solid substances were dissolved in water. The amount of water added was enough to cover the substances and give enough solvent for the salt to dissolve and react. Then the cloudy substance was poured into filter paper to extract the precipitate. The precipitate was left in the filter paper and the aqueous solution was filtered out. The precipitate and filter paper was massed. Then the mass of the filter paper was subtracted from the value produced to find out the mass of the precipitate. Measurement: Potassium Sulfate Barium Nitrate Salt & Filter Paper Filter Paper 1.282g 1.908g 2.592g 1.008g

Analysis and Discussion: As you collect your data, include a calculation of the percent yield and percent error, sources of error, will your patient have enough for his medicine, what improvements would you make to your procedure for next time. Percent Yield: 1.587g/ 1.35g *100 = 117% Percent Error: |1.35-1.587|/ 1.35 * 100 = 23.7% Sources of Error: Salt not completely dry.

Our measurement for salt was greater than our predicted theoretical value. One reason would be that the aqueous solution (that was suppose to pass through the filter) didnt pass or evaporate which would add to the mass of the salt when we measured. Precipitate fell through the filter paper: Some of the precipitate fell through the filter paper and collected at the bottom of the flask. This is a definite source of error as the precipitate mass in the aqueous solution was not measured and was not calculated as a precipitate in our final measurement.
Discussion 1: What was the theory behind your lab? What techniques were used? Why? What chemical concepts helped you to produce the products? Did you get close to 100% yield? Will your patient survive? Is your yield too high or low? What affected your yield for each? (be specific in your error analysis to coincide with your results (high or low)). Our theory behind this lab was that you can find the values of reactants needed based on the amount of product you want to produce. Through stoichiometry, we could find the amount of reactant we needed. The concept of precipitates forming during a double replacement reaction helped us understand and calculate. We had lots sources of error however we did get close to 100% yield. We had a 117% yield meaning that our measurements were either more than calculated or that our precipitate wasnt fully dry. We didnt provide enough time for all of the liquid to evaporate out of the filter and therefore it was left, contributing to the mass of our precipitate. Our patient will survive because our final precipitate was more than we calculated. There is enough product to provide for the patient. Discussion 2: What would you differently next time. Propose three feasible improvements to this lab. What did you learn from the lab? What other real life application can you apply this to? If we were to conduct the lab one more time, there are a few things we would do differently. First of all, our actual yield for the salt was higher than the theoretical yield because the product did not completely dry. Therefore, we would want to dry our substances for a longer period of time to get a more accurate mass. Another improvement might be to have a better filter paper so it can be ensured that the substance is all filtered out. Lastly, measuring the reactants more accurately would be improve our experiment by having a more accurate final mass. We learned that we can use stoichiometry to find the values of the reactants we need to produce a certain amount of a product. We learned that a precipitate forms during this double replacement reaction and there is room for error. A real life application would be baking. Baking requires a certain amount of ingredients to produce a certain amount of food or product. By knowing stoichiometry and measurement, we would be able to accurately predict and measure reactants for a certain result.

Honors Chemistry Lab Stoichiometry and Measurement LAB BLOG RUBRIC Group Members ____________________________________________________________________________ Title/purpose _____/ 1 Materials _____/ 1 Conclusion statement _____/ 1 Concluding statement at the end of the report summarizes your lab findings and refers back to purpose. Lab clean _____/ 2
Excellent Very Good 5 4.5 Good 4 Average 3.5 Below Average 3-0

Procedure: (past tense, paragraph format, no use of I or we) - with rationale related to the Questions to be addressed from pre-lab Show all calculations in your logic of the masses of reactants used Is the amount of water important? Why not? Why did you mass the filter paper and/or the beaker? Data tables with titles and labels eg) Table 1: Masses of ONLY relevant data provided in the data table (for example, do you need the mass of the beaker that you mixed the reactants in? Did you use that mass in your calculations? If not, dont include it!) Reaction described (reactants and products) Analysis of data Show calculations of actual yield Calculations to determine percent yield and percent error for each product. (with attention to sig figs from data) Discussion 1: What was the theory behind your lab? What techniques were used? Why? What chemical concepts helped you to produce the products? Did you get close to 100% yield? Will your patient survive? Is your yield too high or low? What affected your yield for each? (be specific in your error analysis to coincide with your results (high or low)).

Discussion 2: What would you differently next time. Propose three feasible improvements to this lab. What did you learn from the lab? What other real life application can you apply this to?

/35 points