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gip to hp ct nhm hin th m hnh ct trong phi cnh trc o(hnh 3.1.1).

Hnh 3.1.1 3.2.To bn sao view nhn(DUPLICATE VIEW): RAC ch cho php chng ta a mi view nhn hnh chiu vo mt t giy(bn v). V vy a cng mt view nhn hnh chiu nhng vi cc thit lp hin th khc nhau vo nhiu t giy, chng ta phi to ra cc view nhn hnh chiu vi cc tn khc nhau(view nhn bn sao). RAC cng cung cp cho chng ta hai ty chn khi to view nhn bn sao: view nhn bn sao c lp(khng ph thuc vo view nhn gc) v view nhn bn sao ph thuc(ph thuc vo view nhn gc, khi view nhn gc thay i th view nhn bn sao thay i theo). 3.2.1.To bn sao view nhn c lp(Duplicate View/Duplicate View with Detailing): Ta gi lnh t th View > pano Create > Duplicate View. *Lu : Nu ta ang khung nhn no th khi gi lnh trn, chng trnh s to bn sao ca khung nhn . Sau khi gi lnh, mt bn sao ca view nhn hnh chiu c to ra(nu view nhn hnh chiu gc bao gm cc i tng m hnh 3D v ghi ch 2D th lnh ny s to view nhn bn sao ch hin th cc i tng m hnh 3D, khng c hin th cc ghi ch 2D). Ta c th hiu chnh hin th ca cc i tng m hnh trong view nhn bn sao m khng nh hng n view nhn hnh chiu gc. Xem hnh minh ha bn di:

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Cng c Duplicate View with Detailing tng t nh Duplicate View nhng view nhn bn sao s c hin th thm cc i tng ghi ch 2D ca view nhn gc. Ta c th hiu chnh hin th ca cc i tng m hnh 3D hoc ghi ch 2D trong view nhn bn sao m khng nh hng n view nhn gc. Xem hnh minh ha bn di:

3.2.2.To bn sao view nhn ph thuc: Khc vi view nhn bn sao c lp, view nhn bn sao ph thuc s hin th cc i tng m hnh 3D v ghi ch 2D(view nhn gc hin th nh th no, view nhn bn sao ph thuc s hin th nh th y). ng thi khi ta hiu chnh hin th ca cc i tng m hnh 3D hay ghi ch 2D view nhn bn sao ph thuc hoc view nhn gc th u nh hng n hin th ca view nhn cn li. Thng ta ch nn to view nhn ph thuc trong cc trng hp sau: -Mt bng cng trnh rt rng, cn phn thnh nhng vng nh hn a vo h s thit k. Mi view nhn c gii hn vng nhn khc nhau. -Cn a cng mt view nhn v cc bn v khc nhau. Gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Duplicate as Dependent. 3.3.To cc view nhn mt bng(Floor Plan/Ceiling Plan): Nh ta bit, view nhn mt bng(bao gm mt bng sn/trn) s t ng c to ra khi ta to mi mt cao (Level). Tuy nhin, trong trng hp chng ta l tay xa cc view nhn mt bng trong bng trnh duyt d n(Project Browser), chng ta vn c th gi li cc view nhn mt bng ny. Ta gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Plan Views | Floor Plan/Reflected Ceiling Plan. Hp thoi New Floor Plan xut hin. Ti y, ta tick chn cc view nhn cha c trong bng Project Browser v OK. Cc view nhn s c a tr li vo bng Project Browser. *Lu : Ti cui hp thoi, ta c ty chn Do not duplicate existing views khng cho to view nhn p(view nhn bn sao) vi view nhn c. Nu c tick chn th hp thoi s ch hin th tn cc view nhn cha c a vo trong bng Project Browser.

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3.4.Thit lp phm vi nhn(View Range) cho mt vng nhn nh(view nhn con) trong view nhn mt bng tng bng cng c PLAN REGION: Gi s chng ta c mt d n vi cao gia khi nh bn tri v bn phi nh hnh di:

Nh bit v View Range mc 3.1 trang 79(cc i tng nm trong vng nhn t Cut Plan n View Depth mi c hin th trong view nhn mt bng). V vy, vi v d nh hnh minh ha trn, nu ta chuyn sang view nhn mt bng th s khng th nhn thy khi nh bn phi trn mt bng. Vi cng c Plan Region, ta c th thit lp li View Range trong mt vng phm vi xc nh(bng cch v phc) v nh , cc i tng no nm trong vng Plan Region va v s hin th theo View Range thit lp cho Plan Region . Ta gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Plan Views | Plan Region. Ti th ng cnh > pano Draw, ta s dng cc cng c v phc xc nh phm vi view nhn con. Sau thit lp View Range ti bng thng s c th. 3.5.To view nhn mt ng bng cng c ELEVATION: Mc nh khi to mi mt d n, RAC t ng to sn cho ta 4 hng nhn chnh: East, West, South, North(ng, Ty, Nam, Bc). Trong trng hp mun to mt view nhn mt ng khc, ta cn chuyn sang view nhn mt bng, gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Elevation. R chut xc nh v tr v nhn chut t biu tng mt ng trn mt bng. Nhn chn biu tng mt ng(biu tng hnh vung hoc trn), ta c cc ty chn nh hnh minh ha bn.

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Nu nhn chn biu tng tam gic ch hng nhn, ta c cc ty chn:

3.6.To view nhn mt ct bng cng c SECTION: Ta c th to mt ct Section ti cc view nhn mt bng, mt ng, mt ct, khung nhn chi tit. Gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Section. Dng chut xc nh im u v im cui xc nh ng ct to mt ct. Dng cc nt kim sot iu chnh im nhn, nhn, b rng vng nhn, tng t nh to mt ng. Nt biu tng mi tn 2 chiu gip o chiu hng nhn, nt biu tng quay u gip n/hin biu tng ct u cn li ca du ct.

Ngoi ra, ta cng c th to mt ct git cp bng cch nhn chn ng du ct, gi lnh t th ng cnh > pano Section > cng c Split Segment. Con tr chut chuyn sang biu tng dao ct, a con tr chut n v tr mun to ct git cp trn ng du ct v nhn chut thc hin lnh ct(tng t nh lnh Split Element hc). Ta c kt qu nh hnh di:

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3.7.To view nhn trch chi tit bng cng c CALLOUT: Trong trng hp ta mun to view nhn trch chi tit t mt view nhn chnh(mt bng, mt ng, mt ct) ta c th dng cng c Callout thc hin vic ny. Trc tin, to view nhn trch chi tit t view nhn chnh no th ta cn phi chuyn sang view nhn chnh . Gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Callout. Sau khi to xong view nhn trch chi tit trn view nhn chnh, bn bng trnh duyt d n(Project Browser) s xut hin thm mt view nhn c tn Callout of <tn view nhn chnh>. Hnh minh ha:

Chuyn sang view nhn trch chi tit va c to:

3.8.To view nhn 3D hnh chiu trc o bng cng c DEFAULT 3D VIEW: Hnh chiu trc o l hnh khng gian 3 chiu khng tun theo lut xa gn, tc l cc ng, cnh song song s lun song song, cc kch thc bng nhau s khng b thay i bt k v tr xa hay gn v tr quan st. to view nhn hnh chiu trc o, ta gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c 3D View | Default 3D View. Mt view nhn hnh chiu trc o c tn {3D} c to ra bn bng trnh duyt d n. Nu ta gi li lnh ny t ln th 2 tr i th chng trnh s chuyn sang view nhn hnh chiu trc o {3D}(ch khng to mi na) ta quan st, kim tra bn v. Ngoi ra, ta c th to cc view nhn ct hnh chiu trc o bng cch nhn phi chut vo hp View Cube > Orient to View > Floor Plans hoc Sections to cc view nhn hnh chiu trc o

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ct bng hoc ct ng. Hnh minh ha:

Gi lnh Kt qu 3.9.To view nhn 3D phi cnh, tiu cnh bng cng c CAMERA: View nhn phi cnh, tiu cnh l view nhn din ha khng gian nh thc t mt ngi nhn, tun theo lut xa gn, cc i tng c cng kch thc nhng gn ngi quan st s to hn v ngc li. Cc ng, cnh song song s t li ti mt im. Ta c th to view nhn phi cnh tt c cc view nhn(mt bng, mt ng, ). Ta gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c 3D View > Camera. Nhn chut xc nh v tr mt nhn v im nhn. Mc nh, mt view nhn c tn 3D View 1 s c to ra bn bng trnh duyt d n(Project Browser). Ta cng c th hiu chnh li cao mt nhn v im nhn ti bng thng s c th ca view nhn Camera(chuyn sang view nhn Camera, khng nhn chn i tng no th mc nh s l bng thng s c th ca view nhn Camera) hoc hiu chnh trc quan bng cch chuyn sang cc view nhn mt bng( thay i v tr Camera trn mt bng) hoc mt ng( thay i v tr Camera trn mt ng), ti bng Project Browser, nhn phi chut vo tn view nhn Camera, nhn chn Show Camera, Camera s xut hin ta hiu chnh li. Hnh minh ha:

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Tuy nhin, cch trc quan v hiu qu nht trong vic hiu chnh li gc nhn ca Camera l ti view nhn Camera , ta n phm F8. Trnh n Wheel Menu xut hin, ti y ta s dng cc nt LOOK/WALK/UP/DOWN/ZOOM/PAN canh chnh li gc nhn theo mun. Hnh minh ha:

3.10.To view nhn khng gian ng bng cng c WALKTHROUGH: 3.10.1.To view nhn Walkthrough: View nhn khng gian ng l view nhn trnh din theo s di chuyn ca camera(ging nh ta va di chuyn, va quay phim) to ra cc video quan st cng trnh. to view nhn khng gian ng, trc tin ta nn chuyn sang view nhn mt bng. Ta gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Walkthrough. Trn thanh ty chn(Option Bar) ta c cc ty chn: -Perspective: tick chn/khng tick chn s kch hot view nhn phi cnh/view nhn hnh chiu trc o. -Scale: nu khng tick chn hp kim Perspective(tc l kch hot view nhn hnh chiu trc o) th ta c th nh t l view nhn. -Offset: khong chnh cao ca cao t camera so vi cao (Level) m ta chn ti mc From. -From: cao (Level) t camera. Sau khi thit lp cc ty chn mong mun ti thanh ty chn, dng con tr chut v ng di chuyn ca camera trn view nhn mt bng. Hnh minh ha: Bin son: KTS. Phm nh T

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Sau khi hon thnh vic v ng di chuyn ca camera, mt view nhn khng gian ng c tn Walkthrough 1 t ng c to bn bng trnh duyt d n(Project Browser). 3.10.2.Hiu chnh view nhn Walkthrough: Chuyn sang view nhn Walkthrough 1 va to, nhn tri chut vo ng bao khung nhn hiu chnh. Hnh minh ha: Ta cng c th hiu chnh kch c(chiu cao, rng) ca view nhn ti th ng cnh Modify|Cameras > pano Crop > cng c Size Crop. Hnh 3.10.2.1

Hnh 3.10.2.1

hiu chnh li ng di chuyn ca camera, cao t camera, gc nhn ca camera, thm bt cc khung hnh chnh(Key Frame), Trc tin ta cn chuyn sang view nhn mt bng, mt ng hoc hnh chiu trc o {3D}(ty vo ta mun hiu chnh cc yu t trn ti mt bng, mt ng hay hnh chiu trc o). Ti bng Project Browser, nhn phi chut vo tn view nhn ng(Walkthrough 1), nhn chn Show Camera ng di chuyn ca camera hin ra. Ta gi lnh hiu chnh view nhn ng ti nt Edit Walkthrough(hnh 3.8.1).

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Hnh minh ha:

Nu mun hiu chnh yu t no, trn thanh ty chn(Option Bar), ta nhn chn yu t hiu chnh ti trnh n x xung ca mc Controls(hnh minh ha bn di).

-Nu chn Active Camera s hiu chnh im nhn, nhn xa. -Nu chn Path s hiu chnh li ng di chuyn, cao ca camera. -Nu chn Add Key Frame s thm cc khung hnh chnh(nhn chn mt v tr mong mun thm khung hnh chnh trn ng di chuyn(Path) ca camera). -Nu chn Remove Key Frame s bt i cc khung hnh chnh. Tuy nhin, cch trc quan v hiu qu nht trong vic hiu chnh li cc yu t ng di chuyn ca camera, cao t camera, gc nhn ca camera l s dng cng c Wheel Menu c gii thiu mc 3.9.To view nhn 3D phi cnh, tiu cnh bng cng c CAMERA(trang 86). - hiu chnh ng di chuyn ca camera, cao t camera, ta s dng nt WALK/UPDOWN. - hiu chnh gc nhn ca camera, ta s dng nt LOOK. Ngoi ra, ta cng c th hiu chnh li cc thng s khung hnh bng cch nhn chn nt tng khung hnh(hnh 3.8.2). Hp thoi Walkthrough Frames xut hin, ti y ta c th hiu chnh li tng s khung hnh(Total Frames), s khung hnh trn mi giy(Frames per second) v tc di chuyn camera trn mi khung hnh(b tick chn Uniform Speed v thay i h s tc di chuyn camera ti ct Accelerator).Hnh minh ha 3.10.2.2:

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Hnh 3.10.2.2 3.10.3.Xut view nhn Walkthrough thnh file video: xut view nhn Walkthrough thnh file video, u tin, ta cn chuyn sang view nhn Walkthrough, gi lnh t trnh n ng dng Menu Application(nt biu tng ch R mu tm gc trn bn tri mn hnh) > Export > Images and Animations > Walkthrough. Hp thoi Length/Format hin ra: Ta c cc ty chn: -All frames: xut video vi tt c cc khung hnh. -Frame range: nu khng ly tt c cc khung hnh m ch ly mt on khung hnh th ta tick chn ty chn ny. Chn khung hnh u tin ti Start v khung hnh kt thc ti End. -Frames/sec: s khung hnh trn 1 giy. -Visual Style: kiu din ha m hnh, bao gm cc kiu khung dy(Wire Frame), nt khut nt thy(Hidden Line), t mu(Shaded with Edges), -Dimensions: kch thc khung hnh. -Zoom to: phng to, thu nh hnh nh so vi kch thc tht. Nhn OK. Hp thoi Export Walkthrough xut hin. Ta t tn cho file video ti dng File name, chn nh dng cho file video ti dng Files of type. Nhn Save.

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Hp thoi Video Compression hin ra chn phng n nn file video, nn mc nh. Nhn OK. Chng trnh bt u chy cc khung hnh hot cnh ca view nhn walkthrough, khi no cc khung hnh hot cnh kt thc th lc vic xut view nhn ng walkthrough thnh file video mi hon thnh. 3.11.Hiu chnh, thit lp li hin th ca i tng theo c th hoc chng loi trong mt view nhn bt k: 3.11.1.Hiu chnh, thit lp li hin th ca i tng theo c th trong mt view nhn bt k bng lnh OVERRIDE GRAPHICS IN VIEW: Khi ta thit lp vt liu cho i tng th cc thng s mu t i tng(Shading), mu t b mt(Surface Pattern) v mu t khi i tng b ct(Cut Pattern) s hin th cho i tng trong tt c cc view nhn. Trong trng hp ta mun thit lp li hin th ca i tng trong mt view nhn c th no th RAC cung cp cho chng ta lnh Override Graphics in View thc hin vic ny. Trc tin, ta chuyn sang view nhn mun hiu chnh hin th i tng, nhn chn i tng, nhn phi chut vo i tng, trnh n ng cnh(Contextual Menu) hin ra, nhn chn Override Graphics in View, nhn chn By Element(nu ch mun hiu chnh hin th ca mt i tng ang c chn) hoc By Category(nu mun hiu chnh hin th tt c cc i tng c cng chng loi vi i tng ang c chn). Hnh minh ha:

Sau khi chn mt trong hai ty chn trn, hp thoi View-Specify Category Graphics(Hnh 3.9.1.1) xut hin, ta c cc ty chn: -Visible: tick chn/khng tick chn s hin th/khng hin th i tng. -Halftone: i tng c hin th bng cc nt m(mu xm). -Projection Lines: hiu chnh nt thy ca i tng -Surface Patterns: hiu chnh mu t b mt i tng. -Surface Transparency: hiu chnh trong sut ca i tng. -Cut Lines: hiu chnh nt ct ca i tng. -Cut Patterns: hiu chnh mu t mt ct ca i tng. Cc ty chn: +Weight: dy nt. +Color: mu sc ca nt(nu l Lines), mu sc ca mu t(nu l Pattern). +Pattern: kiu ng nt(nt t, nt lin mnh, nt gch chm, nu l Lines), kiu mu t(hatch) (nu l Pattern).

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Hnh 3.11.1.1 3.11.2.Hiu chnh, thit lp li hin th ca i tng theo chng loi trong mt view nhn bt k bng hp thoi VISIBILITY/GRAPHIC OVERRIDES: Lnh ny c chc nng tng t nh mc 3.9.1 trn, nhng phm vi hiu chnh hin th i tng cp v m hn, tc l hiu chnh hin th ca tt c cc i tng c cng chng loi trong view nhn. Ta gi lnh t th View > pano Graphics > cng c Visibility/Graphics. Hp thoi Visibility/Graphic Overrides hin ra(hnh 3.9.2.1): Ti bng hp thoi, ta quan tm n 2 th: -Th Model Categories hiu chnh hin th cc i tng m hnh 3D. -Th Annotation Categories hiu chnh hin th cc i tng ghi ch 2D. Ct Visibility l ct lit k cc chng loi i tng m hnh 3D(hoc cc chng loi i tng ghi ch 2D nu ta chn th Annotation Categories). Nu ta tick chn/khng tick chn tn chng loi no th tt c cc i tng thuc chng loi s hin th/khng hin th trong view nhn hin hnh. Ngoi ra, ta cng c th hiu chnh li kiu ng nt(Lines), kiu mu t(Pattern) cho chng loi cc i tng(tng t nh trnh by mc 3.9.1 trang 91) bng cch canh dng v nhn chn vo cc trng tng ng. Cc c mu xm s khng cho php chng ta hiu chnh hin th.

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Hnh 3.11.2.1 3.12.Ghi kch thc bng cc cng c ti bng DIMENSION: ghi cc kch thc(o di, o gc, o bn knh, o di cung,) trn m hnh cng trnh, ta gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Dimension > cc cng c tng ng. *Lu : RAC khng cho php chng ta hiu chnh li thng s kch thc nh AutoCAD, v vy mun kch thc hin th ng chng ta phi v m hnh ng kch thc thit k. 3.12.1.Ghi kch thc di gia hai cnh song song bng cng c ALIGNED DIMENSION: 3.12.1.1.Ghi kch thc: Ta gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Dimension > cng c Aligned Dimension. Ti thanh ty chn, ta c cc ty chn: -Place Dimension: v tr t ng dng o kch thc. Ta c cc ty chn: +Wall centerlines: t ng(u tin) t ng dng ti tim tng. +Wall faces: t ng(u tin) t ng dng ti mt ngoi tng. +Center of core: t ng(u tin) t ng dng ti tim ca li tng. +Faces of core: t ng(u tin) t ng dng ti mt ngoi ca li tng. -Pick: cch t ng kch thc khi nhn chut o. Ta c cc ty chn: +Individual References: ghi kch thc ring l tng on, mi ln nht chut xc nh 2 im dng th mt ng ghi kch thc c to ra. +Entire Walls: t ng ghi kch thc trn sut chiu di tng.

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*Lu : Ty chn Entire Walls ch p dng vi i tng l tng, cc i tng khng phi l tng s khng t ng ghi kch thc c. Nu chn ty chn Entire Walls, ta s c thm cc ty chn khc cho cch o Entire Walls ti nt Options, nhn chn nt Options, hp thoi Auto Dimension Options hin ra: Ti mc Select references(chn cc ng canh dng ghi kch thc), ta c cc ty chn: -Openings: thm ng ghi kch thc ti cc khong m trn chiu di tng(nu tng c khong m nh: gn ca i, ca s,) -Intersecting Walls: thm ng ghi kch thc ti v tr cc tng c giao ct vi tng ang cn ghi kch thc. -Intersecting Grids: thm ng ghi kch thc ti cc v tr giao ct vi li trc. Sau khi ghi kch thc xong, ta vn c th hiu chnh li khong dng o kch thc bng cch nhn chn ng ghi kch thc(ng dim):

Hoc thm bt cc on ghi kch thc bng cch nhn chn ng dim, ti th ng cnh > pano Witness Lines > cng c Edit Witness Lines. Ngoi ra, ta c th thay th gi tr o bng ch ghi ch, thm cc ch ghi ch tin t, hu t, bn trn, di ca gi tr o bng cch nhn chn gi tr o. Hp thoi Dimension Text xut hin, ta c cc ty chn: Mc Dimension Value: -Use Actual Value: tick chn hin th gi tr o. -Replace With Text: hin th ch ghi ch thay th cho gi tr o. Mc Text Fields: thm cc ch ghi ch pha trc, sau, trn, di ca gi tr o.Hnh minh ha:

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Mc Segment Dimension Leader Visibility: chn phng n hin th ng dn(link) gia gi tr o v ng ghi kch thc ngang. Ta c 3 ty chn: -By Element: mc nh hin th theo thng s kiu ca ng ghi kch thc. -Always On: lun lun bt hin th ng dn. -Always Off: lun lun tt hin th ng dn.

3.12.1.2.Hiu chnh thng s kiu ca ng dim: Thng s kiu(Type Properties) gip ta hiu chnh li cc phng n hin th ca ng dim. Mc Graphics ta quan tm ti cc ty chn: -Dimension String Type: kiu hin th ghi kch thc, c 3 ty chn:

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-Leader Type: kiu hin th ng dn(link) gia gi tr o v v tr ng dim(ng dn ch xut hin khi gi tr o c di chuyn ra xa ng dim). C 2 ty chn: +Arc: ng dn l cung trn. +Line: ng dn l on thng. -Leader Tick Mark: biu tng ti u ng dn. -Tick Mark: chn cc phng n hin th biu tng du ngt ti cc on ghi kch thc.

-Line Weight: dy nt dim. -Tick Mark Line Weight: dy biu tng du ngt ti cc on ghi kch thc. -Dimension Line Extension: nh ra ca ng ghi kch thc ngang(hnh 3.12.1.2.1). -Witness Line Gap to Element: khong h gia ng dng v i tng c ghi kch thc. -Witness Line Extension: nh ra ca ng dng(hnh 3.12.1.2.1). -Color: mu sc ca ng dim. -Dimension Line Snap Distance: khong cch gia cc ng ghi kch thc(hnh 3.12.1.2.1)

Hnh 3.12.1.2.1 Mc Text ta quan tm ti cc thng s: -Width Factor: co dn ca gi tr o(ch s) theo phng ngang. -Underline: gch chn gi tr o. -Italic/Bold: in nghing/in m gi tr o. -Text Size: kch c ca gi tr o. -Text Offset: khong cch gia gi tr o v ng ghi kch thc ngang. -Read Convention: chn cc phng n hin th gi tr o thun theo hng c bn v. -Text Font: font ch cho gi tr o. -Text Background: chn phng n hin th phng nn ca gi tr o. -Units Format: thit lp li n v o ca ng dim.

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Text Background: Opaque Text Background: Transparent 3.12.2.Ghi kch thc di gia hai im theo phng ng hoc ngang bng cng c LINEAR DIMENSION: 3.12.2.1.Ghi kch thc: Gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Dimension > cng c Linear Dimension. a con tr chut n im u mt th nht, nhn chut xc nh. a con tr chut n im u mt th hai, nhn chut xc nh. ng ghi kch thc hin ra, nhn chut ln th ba xc nh ng ghi kch thc theo phng ng hoc ngang. 3.12.2.2.Hiu chnh thng s kiu ca ng dim: Tng t mc 3.12.1.2 trang 94. 3.12.3.Ghi kch thc o bn knh ca ng trn hoc cung trn bng cng c RADIAL DIMENSION: 3.12.3.1.Ghi kch thc: Gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Dimension > cng c Radial Dimension. a con tr chut n cung hoc ng trn, nhn chut. ng o bn kch cung hin ra, nhn chut xc nh v tr t ng dim. 3.12.3.2.Hiu chnh thng s kiu ca ng dim: Tng t mc 3.12.1.2 trang 94. 3.12.4.Ghi kch thc o gc bng cng c ANGULAR DIMENSION: 3.12.4.1.Ghi kch thc: Gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Dimension > cng c Radial Dimension. Nhn chut vo hai cnh khng song song. ng ghi kch thc gc hin ra, nhn chut xc nh v tr t ng ghi kch thc. 3.12.4.2.Hiu chnh thng s kiu ca ng dim: Tng t mc 3.12.1.2 trang 94. 3.12.5.Ghi kch thc di cung trng bng cng c ARC LENGTH DIMENSION: 3.12.5.1.Ghi kch thc: Gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Dimension > cng c Radial Dimension. Nhn chut vo cung trn cn o, nhn chut xc nh cnh mp th nht, nhn chut xc nh cnh mp th hai. ng ghi kch thc di cung trn hin ra, nhn chut xc nh v tr t ng ghi kch thc. 3.12.5.2.Hiu chnh thng s kiu ca ng dim: Tng t mc 3.12.1.2 trang 94. 3.12.6.Ghi kch thc cao bng cng c SPOT ELEVATION:

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Gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Dimension > cng c Spot Elevation. a chut n v tr cn o cao , nhn chut xc nh ng ghi kch thc cao . 3.12.7.Ghi dc bng cng c SPOT SLOPE: Gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Dimension > cng c Spot Slope. a chut n cnh mp hoc b mt cn o dc. ng ghi dc hin ra, nhn chut xc nh v tr t ng ghi dc. 3.13.To ch ghi ch 2D bng cng c TEXT: 3.13.1.To ch ghi ch 2D: Gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Text > cng c Text. Ti th ng cnh > pano Format, ta c cc phng n to ch vi ng dn v canh dng l nh hnh m t, chn phng n mong mun.

a con tr chut vo vng v, nhn chut xc nh v tr t ch. Nhp ni dung ti tng ng, nhn phm Enter xung dng. Khi mun kt thc, nhn chut ra ngoi phm vi ca g ch. chnh sa v tr v hin th ta nhn chn li ch ghi ch to. chnh sa ni dung ch ghi, ta nhn chn li ch ghi ch to, tip tc nhn chn dng ch. Hnh minh ha:

3.13.2.Hiu chnh thng s kiu ca ch ghi ch: hiu chnh thng s kiu ca ch ghi ch ta nhn chn ch ghi ch to, nhn nt Edit Type, hp thoi thng s kiu(Type Properties) hin ra, ta c cc ty chn: Mc Graphics: -Color: mu sc ca ch ghi ch. -Line Weight: dy nt ca ng dn(ng mi tn) nu c. -Background: chn phng n hin th phng nn Bin son: KTS. Phm nh T
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ca ch(tng t Text Background ca thng s kiu ca ng ghi kch thc trang 96,97) -Show Border: hin th khung bao ca ch. -Leader/Border Offset: khong cch gia ch vi ng dn hoc khung bao. -Leader Arrowhead: chn kiu biu tng mi tn ti u ng dn. Mc Text: cc thng s tng t mc Text ca thng s kiu ca ng ghi kch thc trang 96. 3.14.V hnh 2D cho m hnh, to vng che ph hoc t b mt: 3.14.1.V hnh 2D cho m hnh bng cng c DETAIL LINE, MODEL LINE: Cng c Detail Line gip ta v cc ng nt hnh hc c bn trin khai chi tit hn cho mt m hnh 3D(tng t cc lnh v bn AutoCAD). Ta gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Detail > cng c Detail Line. Ti th ng > pano Draw ta c cc ty chn v cc ng nt hnh hc c bn tng t mc 1.7.Cc cng c v nhng ng nt hnh hc c bn(trang 20). Hnh minh ha: Ngoi ra, ta c th chn kiu ng nt ti pano Line Style.

Cng c Model Line c chc nng tng t nh Detail Line, ch khc l cc i tng ng nt c to t cng c Model Line s c hin th cc view nhn khc(v c xem nh l i tng 3D). 3.14.2.To vng che ph bng cng c MASKING REGION: Gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Detail > cng c Region | Masking Region. Dng cc cng c v phc ti pano Draw xc nh vng din tch cn che ph. Nhn nt biu tng Finish Edit Mode(du tick mu xanh) hon thnh lnh. Trn view nhn, v tr no to vng che ph th cc m hnh 3D nm bn di s b che khut. Hnh minh ha:

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3.14.3.T b mt bng cng c FILLED REGION: To vng t b mt tng t nh lnh Hatch/BHatch bn AutoCAD. to vng t b mt, ta gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Detail > cng c Region | Filled Region. Dng cc cng c v phc ti pano Draw xc nh vng din tch cn t b mt. chn mu t cho b mt, ta nhn nt Edit Type, bng thng s kiu(Type Properties) hin ra, ti dng Fill Pattern nhn chn tn kiu mu t, hp thoi Fill Patterns hin ra, chn kiu mu t mong mun. Hnh minh ha:

3.15.Cc cng c xc nh din tch, khng gian m hnh cng trnh: 3.15.1.Xc nh din tch, khi tch phng bng cng c ROOM: 3.15.1.1.Xc nh, gn th ghi ch phng: Phng(Room) l khng gian bn trong cng trnh, phng c to ra bi cc bc tng, nn sn, trn v mi. Nh gii thiu cc cng c v tng, sn, trn, mi nh. Khi v cc i tng ny, chng ta u c th bt hoc tt tham s xc nh ranh gii phng ca cc i tng tng, sn, trn, mi nh ti bng thng s c th hoc thng s kiu ty chng loi i tng. RAC s da vo cc i tng ny(tng, sn, trn, mi) tnh chu vi, din tch v khi tch ca phng. V vy, khi chng ta thay i thm bt, di chuyn cc i tng ny th cc thng s chu vi, din tch, khi tch phng c cp nht t ng ngay lp tc. Bin son: KTS. Phm nh T
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xc nh cc thng s ca phng, u tin ta cn chuyn sang mt bng sn(Floor Plan), ta gi lnh t th Architecture > pano Room & Area > cng c Room. Trn thanh ty chn(Option Bar) ta c cc ty chn: -Upper Limit: gii hn trn ca phng(chiu cao phng), s c RAC dng tnh khi tnh phng. -Offset: khong chnh cao(tng nu gi tr dng, gim nu gi tr m) so vi cao chn ti Upper Limit. Sau khi ty chn xong, ta nhn chut vo v tr xc nh phng. Vng xc nh din tch phng v th ghi ch phng c to ra. Hnh minh ha:

Hnh 3.15.1.1.1 Ngoi cc i tng m hnh tng, sn, trn, mi nh xc nh ranh gii phng nh gii thiu, ta cng c th to ra cc ng ranh gii xc nh phng bng cch gi lnh t th Architecture > pano Room & Area > cng c Room Separator. Dng cc lnh v ti pano Draw xc nh ng phn chia phng(Hnh 3.15.1.1.1). hiu chnh li tn phng, s th t phng, ta nhn chn th ghi ch phng, nhn chn dng ch(text) nhp li tn phng, nhn chn s nhp li s th t cho phng. Trong trng hp phng to ra cha c gn th hoc ta l tay xa mt th ghi ch phng, ta vn c th gi li lnh gn th ghi ch phng bng cch gi lnh t th Architecture > pano Room & Area > cng c Tag Room, nhn chut vo vng xc nh phng. th ghi ch phng hin th thng s din tch v khi tch ca phng, ta tin hnh cc bc sau: -Bt hp thoi Area and Volume Computations ti th Architecture > pano Room & Area > biu tng tam gic gc di, bn phi pano. Hnh minh ha: Hp thoi Area and Volume Computations hin ra, ta c cc ty chn: Mc Volume Computations: -Areas only (faster): ch tch din tch phng(th tch khng c tnh n). -Areas and Volumes: tnh din tch v th tch phng.

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Mc Room Area Computation: -At wall finish: din tch phng c tnh t b mt hon thin ca tng. -At wall center: din tch phng c tnh ti tim tng. -At wall core layer: din tch phng c tnh ti lp li tng. -At wall core center: din tch phng c tnh ti tim li tng. Sau khi tick chn hp kim Areas and Volumes, OK. Ta nhn chn th ghi ch phng, hiu chnh thng s kiu(nt Edit Type), tick chn Show Volume, Show Area. Lc ny, th ghi ch s hin th thm cc thng s din tch v khi tch phng. 3.15.1.2.To bng lit k, t mu cc phng: Sau khi xc nh phng v gn th ghi ch cc phng, to bng lit k v t mu cc phng trn mt bng(hoc mt ng) ta gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Color Fill > cng c Color Fill Region. a con tr chut n v tr t bng lit k trong vng v v nhn chut xc nhn, hp thoi Choose Space Type and Color Scheme xut hin, ta chn cc ty chn nh hnh minh ha di:

Bng lit k phng c to ra v s t ng t mu ngu nhin cho cc phng chc nng. hiu chnh li cc thng s nh tn bng lit k, mu t phng, ta nhn chn bng lit k, gi lnh hiu chnh t th ng cnh > pano Scheme > cng c Edit Cheme. Hnh minh ha: Hp thoi Edit Color Scheme hin ra, ti y ta c th i li tiu bng lit k, thay i mu t phng.Hnh minh ha:

3.15.2.1.Xc nh khng gian chc nng(phn khu) bng cng c AREA PLAN: Cng c AREA PLAN c tc dng tng t nh cng c ROOM, ch khc l cng c ny gip chng ta phn khu chc nng trn mt bng cng trnh(v d khng gian khu vc snh Bin son: KTS. Phm nh T
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n, hnh lang, khu vc hnh chnh, khu vc tham quan,), tc l cp v m hn so vi cng c ROOM. phn khu ta gi lnh t th Architecture > pano Room & Area > cng c Area | Area Plan. Hp thoi New Area Plan hin ra: Ti mc Type ta c 2 ty chn: -Gross Building: tng din tch xy dng, bao gm c din tch chim ch ca tng v ct. -Rentable: din tch s dng. Trong din tch s dng c cc khu vc din tch theo tng cng nng khc nhau, khng gm tng v ct. Nn chn Rentable. Ti mc Select one or more levels for which you want to create new views: chng ta chn mt hoc nhiu view nhn mun to mt bng phn khu chc nng. Nhn OK. Mt hp thoi tip theo hin ra, hi chng ta c mun t ng cho RAC to ng bin phn khu chc nng da vo cc tng bao bn ngoi khng? Ta nn chn l No v sau dng cc lnh v phc xc nh cc khu vc phn khu chc nng:

Mt view nhn Area Plan(Rentable) ca cao ta chn c to ra. Ti view nhn ny, ta gi lnh t th Architecture > pano Room & Area > cng c Area Boundary xc nh khu vc phn khu chc nng. gi lnh xc nh khu vc phn khu chc nng v gn th ghi ch cho khu chc nng va phn ta gi lnh t th Architecture > pano Room & Area > cng c Tag Area(tng t nh to v gn th ghi ch phng(Room)). 3.15.2.2.To bng lit k, t mu cc khu vc chc nng: Tng t mc 3.15.1.2.To bng lit k, t mu cc phng(trang 102). 3.16.To bng thng k, d ton cc chng loi i tng m hnh c trong d n: Khi ta tin hnh dng v hon chnh m hnh cng trnh th cc thng s nh din tch, khi tch tng, sn, ct, dm, s lng ca i, ca s, cc vt dng trang thit b v.v c to ra v lu gi trong file d n RAC ri. Vic ca chng ta l ch cn s dng cc cng c lnh to thng k, d ton RAC hin th cc thng s ny ra cho chng ta xem xt, qun l, chnh sa m thi. Nu mun thng k theo m2 xy dng, hy to view nhn phn khu chc nng bng cng c Area Plan(Gross Building). Sau s dng cng c Schedule/Quantities > chn chng loi Areas(Gross Building) thc hin vic thng k theo m2 xy dng. Nu mun thng k theo gi vt liu xy dng, hy to bng thng k bng cng c Material Takeoff > chn chng loi i tng m ta mun thng k theo vt liu. Nu mun thng k theo n gi i tng, hy to bng thng k bng cng c Schedule/Quantities > chn chng loi i tng m ta mun thng k theo n gi.

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to bng thng k, ta gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Schedules | Schedule/Quantities hoc Material Takeoff(ty thuc vo mc ch thng k nu trn). Hp thoi New Schedule hin ra: Ti mc Category, chn chng loi i tng m ta mun thng k. Ti mc Name, t tn tiu cho bng thng k s to. Nhn OK.

Tip tc xut hin hp thoi Schedule Properties, th Fields:

Mc Available fields, RAC s cung cp cho chng ta cc hng mc thng k ca chng loi i tng va chn hp thoi New Schedule. Ty thuc vo chng loi i tng m cc hng mc ny s khc nhau. Mun thng k hng mc no, ta nhn chn hng mc , sau n nt Add thm hng mc vo mc Scheduled fileds (in order)(Cc hng mc s c thng k(theo trnh t)). Nu sau khi Add(thm hng mc) nhng ta i khng

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mun thng k hng mc no th nhn chn hng mc bn mc Scheduled fileds (in order), n nt Remove g b khi bng thng k. Th Filter(lc theo hng mc Add , tc l cc hng mc no p ng tiu chun yu cu ti th Filter ny th mi c a vo bng thng k):

Ta c, Filter by: lc theo hng mc, nhn vo trnh n x xung chn hng mc c dng lm tiu chun lc(cp 1). Nhn chn trnh n x xung bn phi chn iu kin lc v nhn chn trnh n x xung bn di chn gi tr lc. Cc mc And bn di thm tiu chun lc cp 2, 3, 4. Nu khng mun lc theo hng mc, nhn chn None. Th Sorting/Grouping(sp xp v nhm trong bng thng k):

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Ta c, Sort by: sp xp v nhm theo hng mc(cp 1), nhn chn trnh n x xung chn hng mc. Ascending/Descending: sp xp v nhm hng mc theo th t tng dn/gim dn. -Header: hin th tiu hng mc trn mi nhm, Footer: hin th tiu di y mi nhm, nhn vo trnh n x xung tng ng chn cc phng n hin th di y ca mi nhm: +Title, count, and totals: hin th tiu , s lng v tng s. +Title, and totals: hin th tiu v tng s. +Count, and totals: hin th s lng v tng s. +Totals only: ch hin th tng s. -Blank line: to dng trng ngn cch gia cc nhm. -Then by: sp xp v nhm theo hng mc cp 2, 3, 4. -Grand totals: hin th tng s cc i tng c lit k. Nhn vo trnh n x xung chn cc phng n tng t nh Footer. -Itemize every instance: tick chn s hin th cc i tng c lit k (c hng mc c chn ti Sort by l ging nhau) thnh tng dng ring l, khng tick chn s gp cc i tng c lit k(c hng mc c chn ti Sort by l ging nhau) thnh mt dng chung. Th Formatting(hiu chnh hin th cc hng mc):

Ti mc Fields, ta la chn hng mc mun hiu chnh hin th. Mc Heading thay i tn tiu cho hng mc. Mc Heading orientation: t tiu theo phng ngang(Horizontal) hoc phng ng(Vertical). Mc Alignment: canh chnh tn tiu hng mc theo l tri, gia hoc phi(Left, Center, Right). Hidden field: n hng mc. Calculate totals: tnh tng s ca hng mc. *V d c th: Thng k cc i tng ca i trong d n nh ph ang thc hnh. Cch lm: Yu cu t ra l thng k i tng ca i c trong d n, v vy ta s dng cng c thng k theo n gi i tng(thng k vt liu hoc thng k din tch khng c ngha Bin son: KTS. Phm nh T
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vi i tng ca i). Chng ta gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Schedules | Schedule/Quantities. Chn thng k theo chng loi ca i ti mc Category v t tn cho bng thng k l BNG TK CA I, hnh minh ha:

Tip , hp thoi Schedule Properties hin ra, chng ta chn cc hng mc thng k cho cc i tng ca i. y chng ta s thng k cc hng mc K HIU(MARK), QUI CCH(TYPE), S LNG(COUNT), LOI CA(TYPE COMMENTS) v GHI CH(DESCRIPTION). V vy, ta chn cc hng mc k trn trong bng Available fields v n nt Add thm vo bng Scheduled fields(in order)(cc hng mc s c thng k),hnh minh ha:

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Nhn OK, ta c kt qu nh hnh di:

Lc ny, cc i tng ca i c trong d n c RAC t ng thng k y cho chng ta. Tuy nhin, cc tiu hng mc(fields) vn cn l ting Anh, cc i tng ca i c thng k sp xp ngu nhin, cha trt t. Ta phi hiu chnh thm, bng cch: - i tn cc hng mc t ting Anh thnh ting Vit, ta ch cn nhn chn tiu hng mc v nhp ni dng ting Vit thay th. - sp xp cc i tng theo trnh t hp l, logic, ta nhn chn nt Edit mc Sorting/Grouping ca bng thng s c th, hnh minh ha:

Hp thoi Schdule Properties hin ra, ta hiu chnh cc thng s nh hnh minh ha di( ngha cc thng s c gii thch mc l thuyt 3.16.To bng thng k, d ton cc chng loi i tng m hnh c trong d n trang 103.

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Nhn OK, kt qu ta c nh hnh minh ha di:

Ngoi ra, ta cng c th thm hng mc thng k THNH TIN(COST), nhp n gi cho cc loi ca i th RAC s t ng cho ra kt qu THNH TIN bng cch ly S LNG(COUNT) nhn vi n gi va nhp, Hay s dng cng c thng k Material Takeoff, ta cng hon ton c th thng k c din tch b mt tng cn sn, t tnh ra s lt sn cn mua tnh c gi tin mua sn, hay thng k khi tch tng xy, khi tch b tng ct thp dng xy dng cng trnh, t p dng nh mc s tnh c gi thnh xy dng cng trnh v.v 3.17.Trin khai cc i tng m hnh th vin trong d n bng cng c LEGEND: Cc i tng m hnh th vin(tng, sn, trn, ca i, ca s, trang thit b ni tht,) sau khi c to hoc a vo trong d n s c RAC t ng lu gi. Nu mun trin khai chi tit cc i tng ny(kch thc chiu di, chiu rng, chiu cao,), ta khng cn phi i v trin khai 2D(nh AutoCAD) v RAC s c cng c cho chng ta thc hin ny, gip tit kim rt nhiu thi gian v cng sc cho chng ta. thc hin vic trin khai cc i tng m hnh th vin, ta gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Legends | Legend. Hp thoi New Legend View hin ra vi cc thng s: -Name: tn bn v trin khai. -Scale: t l bn v trin khai. Nhn OK, bn bng Project Browser, mt view nhn trin khai c to ra, nm trong hng mc Legends. Bn vng v(Drawing Area), ta thy mt khung nhn trng(mu trng). t cc i tng m hnh th vin vo khung nhn trng trin khai, ta gi lnh t th Annotate > pano Detail > cng c Component | Legend Component. Trn thanh ty chn, ta nhn vo mc Family, trnh n x xung chn i tng m hnh th vin mun trin khai, ti mc View ta nhn chn hng nhn ca i tng(i tng nhn trn mt bng, mt ng, mt ct,). Nu chn cc i tng khng c chiu di xc nh(v d tng, ca knh,), ta nhp chiu di mu cho i tng ti mc Host Length. Hnh minh ha:

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Sau nhn chut t i tng vo khung nhn trng, gi cc cng c ghi kch thc, ghi ch ghi ch, trin khai cc i tng m hnh th vin. Hnh minh ha:

3.18.To bn v trin khai 2D trong mt view nhn ring bit bng cng c DRAFTING VIEW: Cng c Drafting View gip chng ta to mt view nhn ring bit s dng cc cng c khai trin 2D nh Detail Line, Fill Region, v thc hin vic v 2D(tng t nh vic v 2D bng phn mm AutoCAD) m khng nh hng n cc view nhn khc trong d n. Do , nu mun s dng li mt bn v 2D ca file AutoCAD vo trong d n, ta c th to mt view nhn Drafting View v nhp file AutoCAD 2D vo s dng. to view nhn Drafting View, ta gi lnh t th View > pano Create > cng c Drafting View. Sau khi to view nhn Drafting View, bn bng Project Browser, mt view nhn v nhp c to ra, nm trong hng mc Drafting Views(Detail). Bn vng v(Drawing Area), ta thy mt khung nhn trng(mu trng), ta c th dng cc cng c v 2D ca RAC hoc nhp bn v AutoCAD vo. 3.19.To kh giy, khung tn: c mt bn v k thut cui cng th ngoi vic i to v trin khai cc view nhn 2D(mt ct, bng, ng,) v 3D(phi cnh, tiu cnh) cng nh cc bng thng k(schedule), trin khai cu kin(legend), Chng ta cn phi i to kh giy, trong c khung tn. Trc khi i to kh giy,khung tn, ta phn tch thy: kh giy, khung tn bao gm cc on thng to khung bn v, khung tn, cc ch c nh(v d: SVTH, GVHD, Cng ty TNHH, Trng Hv.v). Ngoi ra, v kh giy, khung tn s c dng li cc d n khc, nn cn phi c cc dng ch c kh nng thay i(ch tham bin)(v d: tn ngi thit k, tn d n, v tr d n, duyt bi, ngi v,). Chnh v vy, khi i to kh giy,khung tn, RAC s cung cp cho chng ta 3 cng c trn chng ta c th hon thin c mt kh giy, khung tn cn thit. to kh giy, khung tn mi, ta truy cp trnh n ng dng Application Menu(nt R mu tm gc trn bn tri mn hnh-xem li mc gii thiu giao din) > New > Title Block. Hp thoi hin ra, chn kh giy vi kch thc mong mun, hnh minh ha: Bin son: KTS. Phm nh T
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