:

()
( )

10

2006


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115
6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..125
8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131
9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136
10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142
11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157
14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165
1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175

 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208
5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226
7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234
: - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241
: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .244
: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .250


- 1:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
1:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1:3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
1:9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2:6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2:7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
2:9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3:14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6:6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
7:4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..66
7:12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
(-) 8:5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
? 9:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
( 12 ) 9:7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
2:18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..99
() 2:19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
(HESED) 2:19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102
3:4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
5:14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
/ 7:13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
10:1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143
() ().. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
( () () () 3:5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181
2:12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202
4:7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
5:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
5:7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222
6:4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228


. . (OMS)




I.

. . . .

. . . .

. .

.
.
(
) (
28-44)

II.

III.

(
)
. ( )
. ( )
. ( )
. -
.
.
( 52-54)

.
.
. ( )

(900 .) .
1 51-67

1997
(1009 .) (
)



I.

II.

() ( )
(. 532 610) . 1021-31

(. 106-14)


. ( 18 . )
. ( 15 )
. ( 14 )
. ( )
. ( 840 .)
. ( . 3147 [2 ] . 1011 . 24-6 728
48-618 712-26 )
. 1918
( ) 180 . (
4 205)

1. 925 . ( )
2. 705 . ( )
3. 770 . ( )
4. 587 . ( )
5.
6.
7. ( [] 4203)
( )

() (
() 46-49)

( ) ()

.
( ) ( )


1.
2. ( )
3. ()
)
4. ()
.

.


( 36)
. .



17 . )
. .

( )
(
ii

 ) /

- ( 86)
. (
)
.


( 55)
. .



( 89)
. ()
.
.
.

1. ()

2.

3.

4.
5. ()

6.


7.

. .
343-452

( - - )

( .
. 354-359)
. .

()

iii









( )

()


( 1)
-


( 128)
. ( )
1. () ( (
)
2. ( )
.
(1) ( )
( )
(2) ( ) ( )

.
(protasis
) (apodosis )
.
.
. 136. 112 1 . 138 . 243 . 118 (. 76-77)
. - // ()
-

()


1.
2. - ()
3.

.
( 52-53)



( 54 68)


1.
2.

() ( 103)
. -
iv

1.

(.
92)
2.
91)
.
( )
() () ( 44)
.
1.
2.
. -
. -

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.
1.
. ( )
. ( )
. ( )
. ( )
2.
.

(1)

(2)
( )
(3)

.

.

.


AB

ABD

(6)

AKOT

ANET

BDB

- . . . . .

1997

IDB

(4 ) .

ISBE

(5 )

JB

JPSOA

( )

KB

LAM

()

LXX

( ) 1970

MOF

MT

NAB

NASB

NEB

NET

ii

NIDOTTE

(5 ) .

NRSV

NIV

NJB

OTPG

. .

REB

RSV

SEPT

(-) 1970

TEV

YLT
ZPBE

(5) .

vi

 ?


(1) (2)
(3)

/







/


-
1. )

2. ()


3. ()

4. () ()

-

() ()
vii

5. ( )

6. 1995 ()

(
)

27 1996

viii



? ? ? ?
() ? ? ?
? (. 11318 39- 11) I




(1) (2) - (3) (4)


(1)
(2) (3)
(4)


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. ( )
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II.
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3)
4)
5)

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3)
4)
5)
6)

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( )
ii.
( I)
iii.
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2)
(- )
3)
( )
4)

ii.

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( -)
2)
()
3)
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4)
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. - -
.
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i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

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i.
( )
ii.
( I)
iii.
( )
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i.
. 161213
ii.
. 831
iii.
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i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

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i.

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iii.


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iii.

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(
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xii

V.


(1) (1 . 126-216)
(2) (1 19)
(3) (. 197-14 421 1191)
(4)
(5)


(1) . () 17-18








(2) 75






(3) . . 19

VI.

. U 3

) ()
) 1995 ()
.) ()
) ()
) ()
) ()



xiii


!


.

.
.
.
.
.
. (1995 )

. ()
. ()

. ()
. I (I)
.
.
.
.
.

. I

xiv


I.

.
. 1. (BDB 770 KB 846)
2. (BDB 770 KB 846)
3. ( YHWH [KB 847] Amasiah
YHWH 2 176)
4.

. .. ( 11)
325
II.
.
. ( )
.

1.

LXX

2.
3.
III.
.
. -
12
. ( )


.
1. Expositors Bible commentary 17
18 /



( 269)
2. Kyle M Yates

27



3. Theo Laetsch









1

 2500
( 136)
IV.
.
.
1. ( .. 2 14)
5 (2700)
(The international Standard Bible Encyclopedia 1 120)
2. ( 7:14)

3. () (BDB 667KB 719-720 1:1

[ 2 34]) (BDB 133) 714

4. (1) (2) ( 7:14)


( 1 2728)

. 12
(1) 33-8519
(2)
(3)
. 213
. 46-9
(1) 6
(2) 7
(3) 8
(4) 9
(5) 9
(6) 9
. 516-17
(1) 16
(2) 17
. 71-6
(1) 1-2
(2) 4
.
. YHWH
5.

2 142ff
5171-981 91

6.
( )
. 1.
2.
3.
4.

710-17 3 71-981-2 91 (The Expositors
Bible Commentary 7 271 )
5.



2

V.
. 750 10
.
1. 783-742 ()
2. 786-746 ()
3. (.. 1:18:89:15 145) Josephus
2chr 2616-21
760 ( 1964)
. 58 89 Feb 9 784 15 763

. ( )

VI. ( )
.
1. 2 14:3-17:6
2. 2 25-28
3.
4.
5.
.
1. 2-16
2. 412-13
3. 417
4. 132 ()
.
1.


2.
. (783-742 )
.
. 805
.
.

3. 2

4.


.
1.
::
YHWH

2. 2 177-18
. 8
(1.)
() 9 10 11
() () 1016
() (Asherim) 16

(2.) 17 Lev 19-20 18
. 16YHWH
3

 (1 1228-29)
. 16
. 18 Molech (.. Lev 18:2120:2-5)
3. (.. W F Albrights Archaeology and the Religion of Isrreal 82FF)
. Baal Epic of Ugarit
(1.) Mot

Mot
(2.) Hadad
.
.

.

4.
. YHWH II
.
.
.
1. 2
(.. 2 kgs 1030) (756-746
)
2. 2
. (2 15 : 8-12)
. (2 1513-15)
. (2 1516-22)
. (2 1523-26)
. (2 15 27-31)
. (2 153171-6) 722
3. 18
. 18 -
Syro-Ephramatic League
(735
) ::
Qal
Assyrian (III)
Shalmanester 5th
Sargon 2nd
722 27000
732
. (735-715 ) ( 735-715)

Hezekia

. II 705
(705-681)
(II 18-19 36-39)

( 688
.. 270)
(391-8) 587-586
. II (41:2-4 44:28
45:1 56:11) 612 539 538


VII.
. 11-23 ( 216)
4

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

( ) 13-5
() 16-8
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111-12
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1. 2 4-5
2. 26-6 14 (
. 71-9 10
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2. 74-6
3. 77-17
4. 81-14
5. 91-10
. 911-15


VIII.
. ( )


1.
2.
( )



.
(Encyclopedia Judaica) 2 889)
413 58-9 88 95-6)
(
27-29 )
. 29-12

( 1248)
. 5

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1. 44-5 521-23
2. 61
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98-15

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(1:1-2:5)

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1:2

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1:6-8

1:6-8

1:6-8

1:9-10
1:9-10

1:9-10

1:11-12

1:11-12

1:11-12

1:13-14

1:13-14

1:13-14

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( vii )

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1. -
31491831410313
195 201
1310
524 810
2. -
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129 101 12 151194
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-
1. - 421 1033
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10320-22
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9. - 243-9
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(.. 24-5) (.. 266-14)
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3. (- 1112)


(BDB 833)
(.. NIDOTTE 3 708)


(.. 13-23 46-51 25-32) ( )

NASB NRSV

NKJV

TEV

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(BDB 996 KB 1427)

(antropomorphisms)

-


12

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1 nhm (BDB 636KB 688)
2 swb (BDB 996KB 1427)
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2. 2 12:17
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1:5 (
.. 1 4:13)
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NASB NKJV
NJB

NRSV TEV

NIV

NET

JB

Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLE ( ) (BDB 442 KB 444)

1 5 ()
2 8 ()
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1
2
3
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2 ( 415 58 105-8)
3 ( 68 108 1211)
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The Expositors Bible Commentary 7 284
Heliopolis Baalbek McComiskey
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114
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2. - Folklore in the Old Testament

3. The Worship of Nature
. C H Gordon Before the Bible
. S N Kramer Mythologies of the Ancient World
Homer mentions Tyres Odyssey
4:288ff 15:473ff 23
( 2 511 51-18 91114)

Odyssey 4:288ff 15:473ff 23

(.. 2 5: 11 1 5:1-18 9: 11- 14)


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6000
2000 30000

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12

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() (.. 137:7 25:12-14 Obad 10-15 1:2-4)
( )

NASB

NKJV NRSV NJB

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(BDB 933) ( ally

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16


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17

 2
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(1:2-2:16)

(1:1-2:5)

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2:1-3

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2:4-5

2:4-5

(1:3-2:3)

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2:1-3

2:4-5

2:4-5

2:6-8

2:6-8

2:6-8

2:6-8

2:9-12

2:9-11

2:9-3:2

2:9-11

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2:13-16

2:12-16

2:13-16

( vii )

1.

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(1 413-18)

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14 7 10 14 22 5 814
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19

 114

114
2:3 (.. 5:2)
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(.. Mal 1:2-5)

2:4-5
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1. ( )
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405 NIV
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2:7
NASB NKJV
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(BDB 983 KB 1375 Qal ACTIVE

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( ) KB 1375 BDB 983 I 7:2 119:131 1:5)
() (2) NRSV
(BDB 983 II 8:4 56:2 36:3)



Roland deVaux 1 72-74

NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

(BDB 639 KB 692 Hiphil IMPERFECT)

1. 27 512 ()
( 23:6 16:19 24:17 27:19 1 8:3 17:23 10:2 Lam 3:35)
2. 28



(BDB 655) ()
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(.. TEV) (1) 18:8 20:11 22:30 27:20 (2) 21:7-11




( ) ()

( 2 )
(.. 8)
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1. 19:29 21:915
23

2. 19:8 21:1223 22:915

3. 18:21 19:12 20:3 21:6 22:232 34:16 20:39 36:20-23 2:7


( )
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3. 28 24:12-13
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(
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Robert B
Girdlestone Synonyms of the Old Testament 112-113
II.
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)

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(.. 3:14 22:14) (.. 8:462 5:21 4:15 7:26
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(.. 8:28-29 2 3:18 4:19 Eph 1:4 1 3:13 4:3
1 1:15)
2:8
( 22:26-27 24:12-13 ) (Roland deVaux
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7 ( )


() ()
( Moriah) (Jeroboam I)

(1)
(2)

(NASB NRSV TEV JPSOA
NET) - 12

24

: 2:9-16
9

10
11

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13
14
15
16
2:9-12
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19-20
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40
( )

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8-11 6:6 14 9:7-81213)
(.. 2:11 16 3:101315 4:15-6
8-11 6:6 14 9:7-81213)
2:13
1. ( .. 43:24 NASB
NKJV NET NIV REB )
2. ( )( .. 28:27-28 NRSV
TEV NJB JPSOA)
(BDB 734 KB 802 Hiphil PERFECT and Hiphil IMPERFECT)

The UBS A Translators Handbook on the Book of Amos #2 -
55-56 216
2:14-16 ns Conquest


2:16

18
()

1:11

1:5
2:3

2:15
2:16
2:21
5:9
7:5
9:5
10:14
9:11

1:14(2)
2:16
3:14
3:18(2)
3:20
6:3
8:3
8:9(2)
8:10
8:13

2:4
3:6
4:6
5:10
7:4
7:11(2)
7:12

! !
( )
NASB
NKJV NRSV
TEV
NJB

26

 (1:3-2:16) (BDB 55 KB 65 Qal PERFECT)

1:3
1:5
1:6
1:8
1:9
1:11
1:13
1:15
2:1
2:3
2:4
2:6
(BDB 610 217 CONSTRUCT) 2:11 2:16 ( 3:13 4:3 6:814 8:3911)

27

 3
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(3:1-6:14)

(2:6-3:2)

(3:1-6:14)

3:1-2

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3:3-8

3:3-8
3:7-8

(3:9-4:5)

3:9-11

3:9-10

3:9-11

3:9-11
3:10-11

3:11-15
3:12-15

3:12-4:3

3:12

3:13-15

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
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1-2 26-614
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27-29 - 46-11

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1
/ 2
3-8
9-15

31-23 UBS A translators handbook on the Book of Amos 1-2

31 ( 51 64)
(1:13 4:115:18:4)



NRSB
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

922
2

( 27-29)
hiphil
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( 126-27) 315

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139:4 53) ( 3410)


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( 27-29)
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11:5 6:10 2:11) (1) ( 7) (2) (
2) .. NIDOTTE 2 484) (3)
3:5 (JAMES M FREE MAN MANERS AND CUSTOMS OF THE BIBLE P 228 )

3:6 (.. 33:2-5)

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2) ( 10:2910:1632:1141:5)
3) ( 27:3342:281 1:49)

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( 2
20:6 7:14 14:24-27 43:1345:754:1618:113:33-38) #HARD
SAYINGS OF THE BIBLE P 305-306
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39-10
1. (BDB 1033 KB 1570) Hiphil IMPERATIVE
2. (BDB 55 KB 65) Qal IMPERATIVEIMPERATIVES ( )
3. (BDB 62 KB 74) Niphal IMPERATIVE
4. (BDB 906 KB 1157) Qal IMPERATIVEIMPERATIVES ( )
( )

(NASB NRSV REB NIV)

9 7:711
( 19:15) 13

4:6 6:1
(3:14)

(2:6-8-3 310)
7:23 ( 23:27)
( 27-29)
( 28:20)
3:10
(
4:6)!

: 3:11-15
11

12

13
14

15

3:11 ( 3:11-12) 12
(3:13-15)
1) 2)
12
922

(1) (2)
31

NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

1:4

('' ) 10 #

( 3411 283 6212 2412 1214 17103219 16272531-46
26 1412 1 38 2 510 67 2 42 1 117 223 2012 2212)
312


(515 98) 221-13



#Niphil #Hiphil
( 410)


1. 70 LXX Peshitta
#
2.

3. (
#



( 27-29)

313 (BDB 1033 729) IMPERATIVES 39
()
( 17:61915)
? (1) (2) ( )?
12
1. ( 433 21291 242 1315 21)
2. (1923 3246)
3. (1 2110132 2419)

#

1. Adon-
2.
3.
4. (313514-1668)
12
314 (216)

32

 (1 1226-33)
10
( 2810-22)

( )
I. -
.
-


.
.
. -
( 4:1-4 8:20-22)
II. - ( )
.
1.
2. -
3. - 1400
.

III. -
.
.
.
.
IV. - -

.
1.
2. ( 7:8 8:20)
3. ( )
4.
5.
6. ( )
7. - -
Gordon J Wenham (Tyndale Numbers 25-39)

. 1.
.
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.
.

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2.
.
.
.
3.
.
.
33

.
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(1)
(2)
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. 4:1 22 27 5:15-18 22:14
V.
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1. 1:1-2 4:1 5:14 6:1197:22 28
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. 2
2. 3-17 (6:8-13)
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(1)
( 27)
(2) ( ) ( 30)
(3)
(4)
(5) ( 3010)
(6)
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2:28)
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(1) ( 13)
(2) ( 110)
(3) ( 114) ( )
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(2)
(3) ()
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(1) -
( )

(2) 11 -

(3) -
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(1)
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34

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3.
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4.
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(3)
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5. 6:8-12
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1.
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2.
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(2) -
3.
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35

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4.
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(1)
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(1)
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(1) 11
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5.
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6.
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(1) -
(2) -
7. 6:14-23
.
.
. 3:1-17 (7:13-34)
1.
.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
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.
.

.
.
(1)
(2)
() -
() -
2. -
.
(1)
(2)
36

(3)
(4)
(5)
() ( )
()
()

. (7:11-14)
(1)
(2)
(3)
3. 7:28-34
.
.

.
14
4. 7:15-18
. 15
.
16
.
.
.
. 4:1-5:13 (6:24-30)
1.
.
.
. (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(.. 15:27-31)
2.
.
.
.

. -

. -
. - 1:10-20 5:21-24
6:6-8
3. -
. 3-12
(1) -
()
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()
(.. 7
5:12)
(2)
()
()
()
() 7
i
37

ii
iii
iv
()
()
12
. 13-21
(1) 13-21
(2)
()
()
()
()
i
ii
iii
iv
()
()
12
. vv 22-26
(1) () 22-26
()
()
()
(2)
()
()
()
()
()
()
. 27-35
(1) -
(2)
()
()
()
()
()
()
. 5:1-13 (

(1) ( ) 5:1
(2) 5:2
(3) 5:3
(4) 5:4
(5) :
()
()
()
. 6:24-30
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

38

.
(1) 5:15 18
(2) :
()
()
. 5:14-19
1.
.

.
. ( 20 5)
(1)
(2)
(3)
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2.

(1)
(2) 14-16
(3)
(4)
(5)
.

.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(1) (
48:25 8:7 1:18-20) (2)
(.. 29:12 8:15)
(.. 17:1114)
(1) (2) ( 21:14
I 1:50 2:28 ) !
3:15 (1)
( .. I 21:118 NJB ) (2)
(TEV )
( .. I 10:18 22:39) (1) (2) !
(BDB 912
I) (1) (2)
11
(..3:156891011121315; 2:134616;4:35681011; 5:17).)

39

 4
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(3:1-6:14)

(3:9-4:5)

(3:9-4:3)

(3:1-6:14)

3:12-4:3

3:1-2
4:1-3

4:1-3

4:1-3

4:4-5

4:4-5

4:4-5

4:4-5

4:6-11

4:6-11

4:9

4:9

4:10

4:10

4:11

4:11

4:6-11

4:6
4:7-8
4:9
4:10
4:11

4:12-13

4:12

4:12

4:13

4:13

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

4:1-3
1
40


2

3

4:1-13
1 (
v 1-3
2 v 4-5
3 27-29 v 6-11
4 v 12
5 v 13


!
!
4:1 (BDB 1033 KB 1570) Qal IMPERATIVEIMPERATIVES ( ) ( 3:1
5:1 )
( 3:1 4:1 5:1)
(.. 27-29)

Bashan ()
( ) ()

(BDB 195)! !

1
2 ( )
3 (v 1c)
4 (..
32) ( )
5 2:7-8 ()
2:7
(Omri ) (mesa )

Qal PARTICIPLE ( ) S ( ) (BDB 798 KB
897 and BDB 954 KB 1285) (
) (
.. 10:18 14:29 16:11 24:141719 26:1213 27:19)
(.. 7:6)
( 27-29)
(BDB 10)
( 18:12 19:26-27)
!
(BDB 97 KB 112 Hiphal IMPERATIv E and BDB 1059 KB
1667 Qal COHORTATIVE)
!
41

4:2 (BDB 989 KB 1396) Niphal PERFECT

(.. 6:8 89:35)

() ()
2:16
(1) 2:16 8:3 9 13 9:11 (2) 5:18 20

NASB

NKJv

NRSv

TEv

NJB Youngs Lit
-
JPSOA

(BDB 856 I KB 1036)

( )
(BDB 186
KB 215) (..
16:16) ?

(.. 2 33:11
1:15 )
REB

1. /LXX/ -
2. -
- (.. NET )


!
Bashan

(BDB 31)

1. 1 (.. 1:8 8:10 9:1)

2.
3.
#1
4:3

NASB
NKJv
NRSv
TEv
NJB
NAB

( )


42

JPSOA
REB

(BDB 1020 KB 1527 Hiphil PERFECT)

(.. 2 17:20 24:20 51:11 71:9 102:10 7:15)
2 13:23

!
/
1. 1
2. (.. NJB and UBS Translators Handbook 234)


3. JPSOA REB (BDB 199)
(.. 25:10) (
)
4. Targum 5:27

5. (.. NIv STUDY

BIBLE 1352)
1:5815 2:31116 3:101314 4:35681011 5:17

4:4-5
4

4:4 (BDB 97 KB 112) Qal IMPERATIVEIMPERATIVES ( ) IMPERATIVES ( )

4 5 IMPERATIVE ) (3 Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) 3
Hiphil S IMPERATIVES ( ) )
( 12:8 28:10-22 4)

18 (.. 4:15 9:15 12:11) 4

5 (.. 5:5-6)
4-5
1.
2.
( 12:51113141826 14:232425 16:26716)
#1
( of
stonesThe Anchor Bible Dictionary 2 1022-23 ) Hard Sayings of the Bible
Anchor Dictionary #2) 4
(1)
(2)
(
.. REB) (3) (
.. 14:28 26:12 )

4:5 (1)
(.. 23:18 34:15 2:11 6:17) (2)
(.. NRSv TEv )
7:13
43

 Qal IMPERATIv E (BDB 894 KB 1128) Hiphil IMPERATIv E (BDB 1033 KB 1570)
(.. Matt 6:2)

!
A!
3:1

4:6-13
6

7


8


9



10



11


12


13

4:6-11 ()
(.. 27-29)
1. 1 ( ) v 6 (.. 28:16-17)
2. vv 7-8 (.. 28:23-24)
3. v 9
4. 9 (.. 28:22)
5. (.. 28:2138-39)
6. 10
7. 10 (.. 28:2249-52)
4:6
!
(BDB 678 KB 733
Qal PERFECT) (.. 27-29)
()()

(.. vv 6891911)
( ) (
3:22-4:2) 1:3

4:7 (March) (April)

() !
3-6 (.. 8)
(.. 26:19 28:1223-24)
44


Goshen
4:8 7

(BDB 631 KB 681 Qal PERFECT) (BDB 631 KB 681 Qal PERFECT)
(.. 8:12 4:1214 32:13 14:10 4:15)
(.. 8:12 4:1214 32:13 14:10 4:15)
(.. 6891011)

(.. 2)
(.. 1:26-27) /
(.. 3)
( )
4:9
NASB

NKJv NRSv
NJB

TEv

BDB (995) 28:22 1 8:37 2 6:28 2:17
Holladays Lexicon (361) NASB TEV
(
41:623 27)
(BDB 439) BDB
(.. 30:6)
whitish powdery
(
[BDB 160] .. 1:4 2:25) 28:38-40 (1)
(2)

4:10 (BDB 184)

1. 9:315
2. 5:3 26:23-25 14:12 28:21



!
(1)

(NEB) (2)
(.. NRSv TEv NJB) #2
(.. 34:3)

(.. 8:21
29:18 25 41 ) 5:21

4:11 (BDB 245 KB 253 Qal PERFECT)

(.. 19:25 2 21:13 20:16) (.. 2:21-22)

45

 cities of the Plain

27-29 (.. 29:23)
TEv
(.. 3:20) (..
27-29) ( )
! 3:12
9:8-15
(BDB 15)
(.. 7:4 3:2)
4:6
4:12 (BDB 465, KB 464) Niphal IMPERATIVE Qal INFINITIVE
CONSTRUCT (.. 1
7:3 2 12:14 27:6 7:10) (.. 19:11-17)
(.. 5:18-20)
(Elohim )
1
( ) (.. 5:26 8:14 also es 1 12:28)
(Elohim ) (..
2:4) (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries)
( (..
G W Ramsey JBL 89 187-191) 162
13
(.. 1-3 5:26 8:14 )
4:13
(.. 5:88 9:5-6)
(BDB 427 KB 428 Qal PARTICIPLE ( ) ) ( 2:719
29:19 45:15 33:2)

(BDB 135 KB 153 Qal PARTICIPLE ( )

(BDB 924)
( )

1. (.. 3:2)
2. (.. 1:2627 12:3)
3.

4. ( 34:21-23 94:11[1 3:20] 11:2017:10)

( )!

1.

1-2 ( (1) [.. ] (2)

.. 5:9)
2.

46

3. (.. 5:820 13:16 2:2)

4. 5:8 ( )

( .. 32:13)
(.. 9:8) 58:4 3:19

(bamah) (.. 2:7-8) (
4:13 Roland devaux 1 284-288)

3:13

(.. 5:8b) 1:2

1.
2.
3.
4.

3:2-8 3:2-8?
?
4:4-5 ?
?

47

 5
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(3:1-6:14)

(3:1-6:14)

(5:1-6:14)
5:1-2

5:1-3

5:3

5:1-2
5:3

5:1-2
5:3

5:4-7

5:4-9

5:4-5

5:4-5

5:6-7

5:6-7

5:8-9

5:8-9

5:10-13

5:10-13

5:14-15

5:14-15

5:8-9

5:10-13
5:14-15

5:10-13

5:14-15

5:16-17

5:16-17

5:16-17

5:16-17

5:18-20
5:21-24
5:25-27

5:18-20

5:18-20

5:21-24

5:21-24

5:25-27

5:25-27

5:18-20

5:21-24

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

48

 5: 1-5
1
2
3

4
5

5:1 3:1
2-6 16-17 (BDB 884)
3-2 ( 2 1:19-27 3:33-34)
(.. 16-1718-20)

(BDB 108) (.. 1:45 7:9)
(.. 5:13425 6:114 7:1016 9:9) 922

()
(.. 3:139:8)
/
5:2 (BDB 656 KB 709 Qal PERFECT)
PERFECT ( 9:22 46:12 2:21 7:7)
(1) (BDB 414 KB 418 Hiphil IMPERFECT ) (2)
(BDB 877 KB 1086 Qal INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT)
( .. 7:9)
9:11 ()
( )
1. ( )
2. 9

(.. 18:13 31:421)
( 54:5 2:19 5:22-33)
(.. 2:2-3 2:16)

(BDB 643 KB 695)
NIDOTTE 1 522-524
(.. 12:3)
/
(the Sabbath Year)


(BDB 877 KB 1086)
Hiphil ( )
(.. 5:6)
!
5:3 ( [BDB 48] [BDB 547]
.. 28:62) (.. 6:13)

49

: 5:4-7
4
5

6

7



5:4 (BDB 205 KB 233) Qal (.. v 614-15)
5 (..
4:29-30 30:1-310)
( )
4 14
( 86:5 100:5
106:1107:1 118:129) ( 14 )
8:2-3

1.
2.
3. ( )
4.
#2 (.. 4:29 10:12 9:13 31:1 55:6 65:10)

NASB
NKJV NRSV
TEV
NJB

NKJV NRSV (BDB 310 KB 309) Qal

NASB TEV NJB !
(
)
(.. 11:8-11)
5:5
(.. 2 23:8 21:14 31 26:2533 46:1)
( 21:33 26:23-25 28:10 46:17)
(BDB 162 KB 191
Qal INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE Qal IMPERFECT )

( ) ( ..
4:15 5:8 10:58) (BDB 19) (
.. 41:29 66:3)
5:6 4
(.. 4:24)
7:4

50

 (.. 6:6) (
1)

5:7
(.. 2 8:15 1 10:9 1 18:14 2 9:8 99:4 1:21 5:7 9:7 28:17 32:116 33:5 59:14
4:2 9:24 22:315 23:5 33:15 18:5192127 33:141619 45:9 5:724)
(..
5:19-2048) !
(BDB 245 KB 253 Qal ) (.. 5:7 6:12
2:21) 4:11 (BDB
542) (.. UBS 198)
(.. 12 6:12)
(.. 29:18 9:14 23:15)

NASB

NKJV


NRSV
TEV

NJB

(BDB 245 KB 253 Qal ) (..
28:2-3) (.. 24 6:12)
!

:5:8-9
8

9
5:8-9
(.. 4: 4 5:8-9 9:5-6)
5:8 (BDB 465 .. 9:9 38:31)
( ) UBS 105
242
( )
(BDB 493)
( .. 10:8-9)
( )! (.. v 26)
(.. 1:14-19)

(.. 19: 24) 4:13
(1) (.. 1:910) (2) ( ) (3)
( .. 6)
1 (.. 1:2)
3:14
: 1:2
5:9
NASB

NKJV

NRSV

TEV NJB

51

 (BDB 114 KB 132 Hiphil )

( )
NASB
(.. NIDOTTE 1 660)
(.. 10-13 2:14)
!

: 5:10-13
10
11


12


13
5:10 ( )
( )
(.. 59:14-15) (.. 27:25)
(.. 25:1-3 4:1-12)
(.. 19:12 21:3819 21:38 22:15 25:7-8)
(BDB 1073 KB 1765 Piel IMPERFECT)

NASB

NKJV

NRSV NJB

TEV

(BDB 1071) /

5. 6:9
6. 17:1
7. 22:21
8. 18:13 2:7 10:9
9. 32:4 2 22:3133 18 3032
10. 1:18 2:3
11. 19:7
5:11-
1 ( ) ( [BDB 143
KB 165 Poel INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT] .. NKJV NRSV NJB)
2
3 (.. 12)
(2:7 ) (NIDOTTE 1 951
)
5:11- (.. 28:3039)
( ) (.. v 11-12)
(.. 6:15)
5:12 10-11 ( )
(..
10:18 14:29 16:11 24:17-22 26:12-13 27:19)
(BDB 497 .. 23:8 16:19 27:25 1 12:3 6:35)

52



5:13
(BDB 968 KB 1328 Hiphil )
Hiphil
1. ( .. 3:6)
2. ( 32:29)
3. ( 1:4 9:25)
4. ( 9:22 11:3335)
5. ( 5:13)
6. ( 52:13 10:21)
7. ( 29:9)
#5 #6/#7 23:5
( 29:9) (.. 27-29)

10 (UBS 106-109)
1. 11-12
2. 13

: 5:14-15
14

15

5:14 (.. 15) (BDB
205 KB 233 Qal ) 4 6

(.. 2:8-10 I 3:23)
(.. 1:17)
?
? ? / !
(.. 23)
(1)
(2) ( ) :
1:2

1. 1 /
2. /
3. ( 19:5-6 7:6 14:2)
5:15
1. (BDB 971 KB 1338 Qal IMPERATIVES ( )
2. (BDB 12 KB 17 Qal IMPERATIVES ( )
3. (BDB 426 KB 427 Hiphil IMPERATIVES ( )

(.. 6:8) !
( 2:3)

( 4
6) ( BDB 19)

53

: 5:16-17
16


17
5:16 10-13 4-6
( )
! 5:1
(BDB
299) ( 1 20:34)

( )


(.. 2 35:25 9:17)
283-284
5:17 12:12

(.. v 18)
(.. v 18-20)!
(.. 14)
!

: 5:18-20
18 ! ?

19

20 ?
?
(BDB 16 KB 20 Hiphil PARTICIPLE)
( )
(.. 3:2)
(.. 3:14 5:18 8:391113) (.. 9:1113) (..
27-29)
(2:16
) ( Judges)

(.. 2)
(.. 4:13 5:820)
5:19
5:20 ! !

(BDB 618)

: 5:21-24
21

22

54

23
24

5:21-24 1-7 ?
(.. 1:11-17
6:20 7:21-23 6:6 5:21-27 6:8)

!
! (.. 12:3 Exod 19:5-6)
5:21 !

(.. 29:13)!
(BDB 971 KB 1338) (BDB 549 KB 540) Qal PERFECTS

(BDB 290) (.. 23:15-16

23)
(BDB 926 KB 1280 Hiphil IMPERFECT)
( 8:21 29:1825 26:31 1
26:19)
5:22 (.. 1: 10-20 7)
(
)!
(BDB 613 KB 661 Hiphil IMPERFECT)

(BDB 597)

5:23 (BDB 693 KB 747) Hiphil

! (
.. 2 6:515) ( .. 1 10:5)

( 1) (
) 23

NASB NRSV

TEV NIV

NKJV NET
NJB

REV JPSOA


2 6:5 92:3

221-222
5:24

(.. 7)
7

(BDB 146 KB 193) Niphal JUSSIV E
55

 (BDB 450) ( )

(.. 22:3 45:9 6:8)

: 5:25-27
25 ?
26
27
5:25 ( 25 ) ( 27 .. TEV )
(1) (.. 7:21-22 and NJB)
(2) (JB) ()

5:26 25
? 5


( )

! !
7:42-43 5:25-27

! ( )


381-382
--
( )

NASB

NKJv

NRSV TEV
NJB

NIV REB

(BDB 475)
NASB (BDB 1055)

( )
(kwn)
5:27 722
(.. 4:3 9:3 10:6 11:5) 27-29

(.. 1 1:3) (Elohim)
( ) (
) ! (.. 4:19 8:2 17:2-5
2 23:4-511 8:2 19:13 32:29 1:5)
(.. 1:14-19 19:1-6 9:6)
(// .. 32:8)

56

 6
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(3:1-6:14)

(3:1-6:14)

6:1-2

6:1-3

6:1-7

6:1-7

6:3-7
-

3:1-8
6:4-7
6:8-11

6:8-11

6:8

6:8

6:9-10

6:9-10

6:11-14
6:12-14

6:11-14

6:12-14

6:13
6:14

( vii )

5.
6.
7.
8.

6:1-3
1
!
2
?
? 3
6:1 ((BDB 222)
(.. 5:24)
57

 ( 3-2 ) (.. 1:4 24 5:8 1118202122 10:1 17:12 18:1 28:1 29:1 15
30:1 31:1 33:1 45:9 10 10:5 55:1 )
(.. 22:13 18 23:1 30:7 34:5 47:6 48:1 50:27)
( 1-7)
(BDB
983 .. 32:911 1:15 and 123:4)



1. 1 1
2. 3
3. 4
4. ( ) 5
5. 6

( )

1. 1 3:1 6:8
2.
3.
(BDB 666 KB 718 Qal )
( ) (1)
( ) (2)
(.. 13 )
6:2 1
1 ( ) 9:7
(.. UBS #31 289)
2 (.. )
738 3 (.. 10:6)

( ) 3 33
(.. 1 8:65
1 13:5) (36:19)
(2 17:24) 150

1:6-8 ( ) 1:10

6:3 (1) 27-29 (2)
(.. TEV ) (BDB 622 KB 672 Piel
.. 66:5 ) !
(1) (2)

: 6:4-7
4

5
6
!
58

7
6:4-6
6:4 (BDB 710 KB 756) 7
(BDB 1011 KB 1486)
(
)
6:5
1.
. 1 16:1623 18:10 19:9
. 1 6:31 15:1-16:43 25:1-31 2 29:25-30
2.
. 2 22
. (.. 72:72)
(1) 73
(2) 84
(3) 53
. (.. 2 23:1)
(BDB 827 KB 967 Qal )
(
)

1
2
6:6
NASB

NKJv NRSv

TEv NJB

( REB ) (..
4:6-8 7:13) (.. 5:2) 65:11

I.
.
1. - (BDB 406) 141

. 921 . 2940 . 15510
2. - (BDB 440)
.
1217 184 . 628-9 . 411
3. - ( BDB 7799 . 15 . 4926)
4. - (BDB 1016)
(. 201 316 .
287)
.
1. -
2. ( ) ( 222)
3. ( ) - (. 213)
II.
.
1. (. 2728 . 10414-15 . 97 . 28-9 . 21924 913
. 107)
59

2. (. 2940 . 2313
. 15710 2814 . 1426 913)
3. (2 . 162 . 316-7)
4. ( - . 921 - . 193335 - . 1619 - 1 .
2536 - 2 . 1113 - 2 . 1328 - 1 . 169 - 1 . 2012 66 - 4)
5. (. 201 2329-35 314-5 . 51122 1914 287-8 411)
6. ( . 109 . 4421 6
. 314-5 .5611-12 75)
7. ( 913 318 . 917)
.
1. ( 3127-30)
2. (
58)
.
1. ( 21-11)
2. (. 1118-19 733-34 2217)
3. (. 213)
4. (1523 1034 1 . 523)
5. (1 . 338
17 23 1 . 43)
6. (. 221 . 199)
7. (. 2449 1245 2134 1 . 511-13 610 . 521 1 . 43
1313-14)
.
.
1.
2.
3. (. 151-20 71-23 1
8-10 14)
.
1.
2.

. ( 718-23 141420 1
. 1025-26 1 . 44 115)
III. ()
. 6
. ( ) (
17)
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. 40
( 61)
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. 100

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4.
5.
6. (. 151-20 71-23 1
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3.
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IV. ()
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. /
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( .. 48:8-22)

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: 6:8-11
6


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8

9
10
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61

6:6-11 UBS 131 5:21-24

(.. 8 5:24) !
6:8 4:2 (BDB 989 KB 1396)

1. 4:2
2. 6:8
3. 8:7 ( )
1:2

(BDB 1060 II KB 1672 Piel ) (
) ( )BDB KB
(BDB 971 KB 1338 .. 5:21)
(BDB 144) 47:4
4-6 8:7
(.. 5:5 7:10)!
6:9-10
6:9
5:3
6:10
(.. 8:3)

1 ?
2 NASB (BDB 976) ?
1 (
)
2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

1 5 4 6

(BDB 245 a
) (.. 2:20 1:7 Zech 2:13) (.. 8:3)
6:11 8-11 ( )
( ) (.. 5:18-20)
(KB 1249)
1. ( 5:2)
2.
3.
(KB 149) (.. 141:7) (.. 22:9)
(Piel) David Allan Hubbard ( )

198 (.. 1:1 2:13 8:8 9:1-6)

62

: 6:12-14
12-13
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6:12

!
(BDB 700)

s (.. NRSV
TEV NJB)
12
5:12
6:13
(.. 14
)!
(BDB 520)

() (BDB 902)
2
(782-753 )

( 13:31416)


6:14
(.. 34:7-8 13:5 3:3 1
8:65 2 14:25) !






1.
2.
3.
4.

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? ( 8-9)
5:25-26 ?
? ?

63

 7
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(7:1-9:15)
7:1-3

7:1-3

7:4-6

7:4-6

(7:1-9:10)

7:1-3

7:1-3

7:4-6

7:4-6

7:7-9

7:7-9

7:7-9

7:10-13

7:10-13

7:10-13

7:10-13

7:7-9

7:12-13

7:14-17

7:14-17

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

. 7-9 (1)
(2) (3)
1.
. 7
. 8
. 9
2.
. 7:1-3
. ( .. 4:6-8 8:11-13) 7:4-6
. ( ) 7:7-9
. 8:1-3
. )9:1-2 ( 8: 7-10)

( 1 2)
64


( )
. 7: 10-17 1. (
)
2.

: 7:1-3
1

2
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3
7:1 (.. 7:147 8:1 9:1-10 )
(BDB 427 KB 428 )

10:12 12

(.. 1:4 2:25)
(BDB 545)


!
(BDB 159)


7:2 (BDB 477 KB 476 ) (
2 641)

(.. 32:11 15:1 18:20 9:8 9:15-19)
(.. 14:72021 9:8 11:13) 1:2

(BDB 669 KB 757) Qal IMPERFECT( )

( 135-136
) !
! (1) (2)

1
!
(.. 7:89 8:71011)!
7:25
(1) ( 15:5) (2) ) (
22:17) (3) ( 13:16) !
7:3
NASB TEV

65

NKJV NRSV
NJB

(BDB 636 KB 688 )

(Robert B Girdlestone Synonyms of the Old Testament 87-88
)

(.. 6 18:22-32 14:11-20 7:6- 13 2 22:19-20 106:45 18:1-16
26:31319 3:10) (1) (2) (.. 3:7 2:18 11:8-9
2:13-14 5:15)
(.. 23:19 1 15:29 3:6 13:8 1:17)

: 7:4-6
4

5 ?
6

7:4
NASB
NKJV
NRSV ( )
TEV
NJB

(BDB 936) ( 4:1 12:2 6:1-2)

( 2:5)
(
.. 1:2 4:6-8)

1. ( 44:15 18:18)
2. ( 50:11 25:1-13)
3. ( 12:8 44:15-16 21:9)
4. ( 31:22-23 17:3 1:25 6:6-8 6:29 3:2-3)
5. ( 15:17 3:2 19:18 1:27 12:29)
6. ( 13:21 14:14 I 18:24)
7. ( 2:3)

1. ( 6:24 8:8 11:11 22:7)
2. ( 19:24 10:1-2)
3. ( 21:28 10:16 12:6)
4. ( 38:24 20:14 21:9 7:15)
5. () ( 13:13)

1. ( 85 38)
2. ( 16)
3. ( 15:14 17:4)
4. ( 3:10 13:40 15:6 II 1:7 II 3:7-10 8:7 16:8)
( )

66

 (.. 1:2 7:11 49:15 36:6

51:10) ( )


7:5 (BDB 292 KB 292)
(..
8 8:1)
7:6 73

: 7:7-9
7
8 ?

9

7:7

(BDB 59 KB 71) (
)
(.. 2 21:13 28:17 34:11 2:8)


( )
(.. 15:20 4:3)
!
7:8 (BDB 414 KB 418 )
(BDB 716 KB 778 )

7:9 (BDB 119) ( BDB 1030

KB 1053 ) (BDB 874) 1 ( 922)
( BDB 351 KB 349 )
922
1
(.. 1 11)
( ) 1 4

: 7:10-13
10-11

12 13

7:10-17

1. 7:1-3
2. 7:4-6 (.. 8:11-13)
3. 7:7-9
67

4. 8:1-3
5. 9:1-2 ( 8:7-10)
7:10 ()


2 (.. 1:1)

1. 786-746
2. 783-743
3. 782/81-753

1. 608

2. ( )
3. (
)
( BDB 905 KB 1153
2 15:12 2 11:14 15:15 )



(BDB 465 KB 463 ) (..
2:11 10:10) !
7:11 2

!

( ) !
(.. 4:2-3 5:527 6:7 7:17 9:414)
7:12 ( BDB 229 KB 246 BDB 137 KB 156)
(BDB 37 KB 46)
!

1. = (BDB 906) 1 9:9

2. = (BDB 302) 2 24:11 7:12

3. = (BDB 611) = =
300

(.. 4:10-16 7:1 5:5)

(.. 3:8 1:717 3:4)
68

4. 1 29:29 - - -
5. -
76
6. (1) (2)

14

7:13
1
(.. 1
18-21)

: 7:14-17
14 15
16
17


7:14 (.. 15)
15


( 1 10:5610 19:20 1 20:35
2 2:3-7 4:38 6:1)

!
7:15 (BDB 542 KB 534 )
( 6:7 4:2034 2 7:8 1 11:37 43:10)
! (1)
(2) (3)

1. BDB 229 KB 246

2. BDB 612 KB 659
3. 16 BDB 1033 KB 1570
(.. 7:815 8:2) (.. 32:28)
7:16
(.. 3:13)
(.. 5:13425 6:1)
7:17 ( )



1.

(.. 22:23-24)
69

2.
3.
( ( 217 ))






1.
2.
3.
4.

? ?
?
? ( )
?

70

 8
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(7:1-9:15)

(7:1-9:10)

8:1-3

8:1-2

8:1-3

8:1-3
8:2-3

8:4-10

8:4-6

8:4-6

8:7-8

8:7-10

8:4-7

8:8

8:9-10

8:11-14

8:11-12

8:9-10

8:11-14

8:11-12

8:13-14

8:13-14

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: : 8:1-3
1 2 ?

3

71

8:1 7
(.. 7:147 8:1)
2 (.. 8:1719 11:40 12:46)
(.. 3 920)
(BDB 884)
!
8:2 (BDB 97 KB 112 )
( ..
11:1-48) (.. 9:7-15 11:911)
!
(BDB 414 KB 418
) (BDB 716 KB 778 ) (.. 7:8)!
15:16

15:5-9 7:2-9
8:3 (BDB 1010)
! (
1 56-61 )
(1) (TEV NJB .. 6:5) (2)
10 (.. 5:23) 2
(BDB 410 KB 413 )
(.. 47:2 48:203139 49:351:8) (.. 13:6 14:31 15:23
16:7[] 23:1614)

1. 7:14
2. 1:51113
3. 8:3
4. 1:8

(.. 9:1113) (.. 1:14 2:16 3:14 4:2 5:81820 6:3 8:39101113)
216

( ) 6:10 (
BDB 245 )

: : 8:4-6
4 5 ?
6
?
8:4 (BDB 1033 KB 1570 )
6:4-6 (.. 3:113 4:1 5:1)
4 (
.. 6) ( BDB 983 KB 1375 )
8:5
( .. 28:11 2 4:23 .. 31:13-17)
(1) (2) (3) (4) ( BDB
72

655 )
(.. 19:35-36 25:13-16 20:10)
(BDB 991 KB 1404) (BDB 834 KB 986)

(-)

( 1935-36 25:13-16 11:1 16:11 20:10)

( 4 831
) (10 )) ( 6 )



I.

1. (BDB 330 BDB 331) 2716 32
2. ( BDB 547 32 )
3. (BDB 35) 1636 19:36 45:10-111324
4. (BDB 684) 18:6 I 25:18 I 18:32 II 7:11618
5. (BDB 771 II [ ()] BDB 771 I) 16:162236
23:10-15
6. (BDB 798 ) 29:40 14:21 15:4 28:513
7. ( BDB 866) 2 625

1. (BDB 499) 4514 ( 2 2:10 27:5)
2. (BDB 144 II) I 7:2638 II 2:10 4:5 5:10 45:10-1114
3. (BDB 228) 29:40 19:36 45:24
4. (BDB 528) 14:1012152124
( 1 201 16 379)
() = ( ) 1
()= () 10 1
() 30 3 1
() 60 6 2 1
/ () 100 10 - - 1
/ () 180 18 6 3 - 1
() 720 72 24 12 - 4 1

II.
.
1. 3825-26 3000 (
BDB 503)
2. (BDB 1053 )

() ( 2316)
( 3013)
( 2 1426)
3. (BDB 176 II) 20 ( 30:13 27:25 3:47 18:16 45:12)

()
4. (BDB 584) 50 60
( 4512 269 770-71) 60 1
50 1
5. (BDB 132 2422) ( 2422 3826)

.
73

1.

1
60 1
3000 50 1
6000 100 2 1
60000 1000 20 10 1
2.
1
60 1
3600 60 1
7200 120 2 1
72000 1200 20 10 1

(.. 28:11 2 4:23)

(BDB 24 941)
(.. 6:10-11) (.. 11:1)
!

8:6
( .. 2:6)
!
!

: : 8:7-10
7 8
? ? 9
10


8:7
1. 4:2
2. 6:8
3. 8:7
(1) (.. 1 15:29) TEV
(2)
( 165)
(3) (.. 6:8)

1. (fa)
2. Qal IMPERFECT( ) (BDB 1013 KB 1489)
3. (BDB 664)

!
8:8 (1) 11
(2)
(.. 9:5 46:7-8) (BDB 176 KB 204 ) (.. 2:4)
(.. 9:1- 45)

!
74

8:9 (1) 13:10 2:23:15 3:6 (2)

27-29 (3) (.. 5:18-20)
(..
8:19-22) (.. 8:19-22) ( )
(.. 5:24) !
2 461-466
(BDB 364 KB 361 )
(.. 10:21-22 105:28)
(.. 5:8) (.. 11-12)
(.. 13:16)
8:10 (
)
(.. 6:26 12: 10)

(.. 15:2 48:37 47:5 27:31) (..
21:5)! (.. 1:16
7:18)
(BDB 600) (.. 5:16-17)
(.. 5:18-20)! 216

: : 8:11-14
11
12
13 14
! !
8:11 (.. 5:6) 8:3 4:4

!
8:12 !

(.. 1:26-27) !


8:13 (..
51:20)
8:14 1 ( 922) (.. 1 12:28 8:56 10:5)

(.. 2 17:30)

55


( .. 20:1 1 3:20) 12

!
75

 9
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(7:1-9:15)

9:1-4

9:1-4

(7:1-9:10)

9:1-4

9:1-4

9:5-6

9:5-6

9:5-6

9:7-8

9:7-10

9:9-10

9:11-12

9:5-6

9:7-8

9:7-8

9:9-10

9:11-12

9:11-12

9:11-15

9:13-15

9:13-15

9:13-15

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: : 9:1-4
1

2
3
4

76

9:1 ( ) (.. 1:1

8:7-10 9:19)
(.. 5:21-24 8:10)
(BDB 645 KB 697)
Qal IMPERFECT( ) ( BDB 950 KB 1271)
(BDB 499)
(BDB 706) (.. 6:4)
16:23-30

1
(.. 2-3) 519
1. 1-10
2. 11-15
/ /
!
9:2-3 ( 34:22 23:24
29:15) 139:8 9-12 ( 15:11)
9:2 (BDB 982 5:14 14:9 28:1518 38:10)
( ) 2:1019-21 23:30 6:15-16

?
I.
. ( BDB 1066)

( 1021-22 3817 1071014)
.
1. () 3222
2. 184-5
3. () 266 1398 92
4. () 1610 1415 3115-17
5. 163033 5515
6. 1630 514 149 25
7. ( 149-11)
II.
. ( )
. ()
1. 1618
2. 118 68 2013-14
3. () 1123 ( ) 1015 1623-24
4. 1623
. ()
1. ( 2 124 27) 2343
2. 2 24 ( 6 1 )
.
1. ( )
(BDB 574) (2 163 216 2 283
336) 1821 202-5
2. ( 732 196-7)
1 9026-27 1103
77

3.
4.

(
94446) ( 36 )

. 522 189 943
. 948 ( 2546)
. ( ) 1028
. 529-30 189
. 2315
. 2333 125
. ( 211 20614) ( 134250 1920
201014-15 218) ()
( 2 24 6 831) 91-10 2013)
. 2541

.
1. /
2. ( )
( () ()
3. 1619-31 ( )
( 3222 181-5)

III.
.
1.
2.
3.
.
1. 1028
2. 1226-27 1623
3. 17
4. 2 413-18
5. 1 152352
6. 2 568
123 1 318-22
IV.
.
1. 118 425 4518
2. 114 1014 1484 414 726
3. 1014 1 827 1484 410 924 ( 2
122)
.
(1 29)
. ( 142-3) (2 568) ( 12 21-22) ( 321 821 2 310) ( 12627)
( 219-27) 1 15
1 29 ( 644
6517 ) ! (1 32)
V.
. William Hendriksen, The Bible On the Life Hereafter
. Maurice Rawlings, Beyond Deaths Door
( 1-4) 139:8
! (..
1:114-1920) ( 14:12-14
)
78

9:3 (1) (BDB 502 II)

(2) (.. 1 18)

(.. 34:21-22 139:9-12 16:16-17)
!
(..
3:8 41:1 74:13-14 104:26 27:1) (.. 9:13 26:12 89:10 51:9)
(BDB 845 KB 1010 )
9:4
! (.. 1:6 2:4)
(.. 1:9 2:23)
(.. 26 33)
!
(.. 21:10 39:16 44:1127) 26 27-29


!

: : 9:5-6
5

6

9:5-6 (.. 4:13 5:8-9)
9:5 1:1 8:8-9 9:1 (
)
3:134:135:1416276:8 14 1:2
5:14
9:6 (.. 1
104) ( )
(BDB 8) 6 6
(.. 5 6)
1:2

: : 9:7-10
7

?
?8
9
10

9:7-8 7 8
7 8
(.. 181)

( 12 )
79

 ( )


(.. 5:17-19) ?
?

1. ()
2. (.. 37-39 7-12 )
3. ( 1 )
4. (.. 24 13 21)
5. (.. 1 15 2 5 1 4-5 2 2)
6. (I )
( )? ?
( )?

( .. 2:11-3:13)

1. ()
( )
(
)
3:15 (.. 12:1-3)
(.. 12:3 19:5)
2.

(.. )
3. ( .. 12:7 13:15 15:7-15 17:8)

(.. 21-22)
4. - (1)
(.. 2:28-29) (2) (.. 1:10 2:23 9:24-26
26:12 29:45 2 6:16- 18 19:5 14:2 2:14
) (3) (.. 1 3:16)
(.. 1 6:19) (4)
( .. 9:6 6:16 ..
I 2:5 9-10 1:6)

(..
)

!





(.. 24 13)!
( )

!

( )
- (.. 8:10
44:24 45:5-7141821-22 46:9 10:6-7)
((..
6:4)
80

 (.. 1:26-27)
(.. 3)
(.. 3:15)!

(.. 19:4-6)
(.. 12:3)

(.. 15:6 4 )
(.. 8:31-59 3:9)
! !
( conditional unconditional )

/ (.. 15:12-21)
!





? (..
36:22-38) (.. 53) !
/
!
(.. 7 3)
(.. 28:19-20 24:47 1:8)
! (.. 9-11)
- (.. 12:10)
( )
()


( )

! !

( 1-3)

!


!




( )
( )
!



!
(.. 2 2)
(
) (.. 24 13 21)

81

 !
!
!










(.. 5:56 )( 235)
(W Randolph Tate)




(
)





( 137)
3 Dictionary of Biblical Imagery



( 35)
( )



! 5



!
?
(.. 2)
(.. 7)

(.. 1 15:26-27)
? (.. 20)


!
( )
) (.. 20) (..
21-22) 7

( ()
(.. 10:23 24:273444
82

 9:1 13:30) !
( )
(.. 28:1920) (.. 13:10 17:2 18:8) 1 2
()

1. (.. 24:15 13:10)
2. (.. 24:15 2 2 13)
3. (.. 24:2124 13) (.. 24:42-51 13:32-36)
!
9:7 7

(.. 32:8 29:26 )
3:2 !
!

( )
(1) (2)
(3) (4) (.. 4
83)
9:8 (..
5:4-714-15 9:11-15) !
1. 4:27 5:1018 33:16
2. 30:11 31:35-36
( ) !

(.. 11:12)

(.. 11)


(BDB 1029 KB 1552)
33:26-29
( )
( ) 11
!
9:9-10 ( )
( )
( 9)
( 10)
(BDB 631 KB 681 )
(NASB NJB
) (.. 2 17:13 KB 459 NRSV)
(BDB 865)
()
4

(.. 10)
(.. 5:19)
83

: : 9:11-12
11

12
9:11-15 ( )
( ) !
9:11 (.. 2:16 8:3918) 216
( 5:1820)

(.. 2 7) 13-14
28:1-14
(.. 28:58-63 29:25-28) (.. 24:19)

(.. 30:5)
!

( )
(..
2 7 7:14 9:6-7 11:1-9 33:1517 4:1-5 5:2-5)
11
( )
9:12
15:16-17 (
) ( 9:24-26 1:10 2:23 )!
9:5-67 (.. 3:15 12:3 19:5-6 42:14610-11 49:6 51:4)
( 12:1-3 13:14-17 15:7) 1-49-10

1. 4:26 6:15 23:15 1 13:34 9:8
2. 28:63
3. 29:28 1 14:15 1 7:20
4. 23:1316
5. 1 9:7
6. 2 17:623 18:9-11 25:21 ( 23:27)
2 18:12 21:8 1 33:8 (.. 2 7:10)
(.. 14:1-2 16:15
11:17 34:1317 36:24 37:121421 9:15)

: : 9:13-15
13

14


15

9:13-15
( .. 27-29 3:18 )

9:13 6:6 ( ) ()

NASB

84

NKJVNRSV
TEV NJB

(BDB 556 KB 555 Hithpolel IMPERFECT) ( .. 1:4

1:5) !
9:14 28:38-40 5:11 6:15 1:13
( 31:5 28:26)
9:15
(.. 2
7:10 24:6 32:41 42:10)
( - - ) (..
2:21-23)

85


I.

II.

III.

IV.

. (BDB 448) (. . 13:16)

(2.17:1)

. (Ecclesiasticus 49:10).
. (Baba Bathra 14)
1.

2.
.

1. ( ) ( )

LXX

2.
3.

. (. IX)
1.
2.
3.

. ( )
. 1 3 2
.

1. ( 1-3)
2. ( 11)
3.

. ( 4-14)

. . ( )


(. 20).
.
1. ()
2. ( )
3. ( )
4. ()

.
.
1. (1:1)
86

2. (7:5)
3.

4.
.
.
5.
. 15

.
1. 1:1711 4:15 5:51012-14 6:411 8:14 10:11 11:12 12:2
2.
3.

V.

.
1.

2.

3.

VI.

. ..
1.
2.
.
. ( )
11
1. ()
2. ()
3. ()
4. ()
5. 2 ()
( 30 .
2. 15:27 ( Gleason Archer, Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties, 209-211
)
1. 790-725 ..
. 1:4
. 10:14 5
2. 750-735 ..
.
. 2
. 735 ..
3. 753 722 ..
. 2 753 ..
. III (8:9) 739 ..
. 5:8-6:6 ( . 7-14) 735-734 ..

. 7:11 9:6 12:2

9:6 and 12:2.
4. /La Sor /Hubbard / Bush 753 - 722 ..
. 2 .. 753
.
. 728 ..
. .. 715
. III' 745-727 ..
- VI

VII.

- ( )
87

VIII.

. ( /Clyde Francisco . 150-163 )

1. 1:1
2. 1:2-3:5
3. 4:1-10:15
4. 11:1-12
5. ( ) 12:1-15
6. 13:1-16
7. 14:1-9
. (../E. J. Young . 252-254 )
1. () 1:1-3:5
2. 4:1-14:9
. 4-8
. 9:1-11:11
. 11:12-14:9

. ()
()
.
1. () - ()
2. () - ()
.

. (. 1:10-2:1 2:14-23 3:1-5 11:8-11 14:17) (Heb. 12:5ff)

IX.

()
()
/



( )

88

 1
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

1:1

1:1

1:1

1:1

1:2-3

1:2-3

1:2

1:2

1:3-5

1:3-5

1:6-7

1:6-7

1:8-9

1:8-9

1:10-2:1

1:10-2:1

1:4-5

1:4-5

1:6-7

1:6-7

1:8-9

1:8-9

1:10-2:1

1:10-2:1

2:1-3

( vii )

*


()
()

5.
6.
7.
8.

1-3
1. 1 ( )
2. (YHWH) 2
3. 3 ( )

1 1:10-2:1
89

2 2:16-23
3 3:5

!

: 1:1
1

1:1 (250 )
( )
(BDB 182)
(.. 1 55:11 1:114 19:13)
12
(BDB 448) (YHWH)
(.. 1:21)
(BDB 92)
(.. 26:34) ::


( )


(1)
(2) !
(
) :- (1) 2
( ) ) (2)
(3) (.. 9:11-15) 2
VI

: 1:2-5
2
3
4
5
1:2
NASB NRSV
TEV

NKJV

NJB

G Campbell Morgan 9-11 asserts that the ASV
2

( Gleason
ArcherEncyclopedia of Bible Difficulties 294- 295 Hard Sayings of the Bible 322-324 )
(YHWH)
1. (BDB 229 KB 246 (Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) )
2. (BDB 542 KB 534 (Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) )
90

3.

(13-14 )
(BDB 276 KB 275) ( (1) (2)

(.. 4:14 NET Bible)
( -
)

1. /allegorized (followed
Philo)
2. ( )
3.
4.
5. (Wellhausen) (KB
)

znh (BDB 275276) () 2

1. NASB NKJV -
2. NRSV -
3. TEV -
4. NJB -
Qal INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE Qal IMPERFECT
:1. ()
2. ( )

1:2 () 2:5 3:3 4:101213141518 () 5:3 9:1 1:2 () 2:24 4:12
5:4 !
(YHWH)
(.. 16 5:23-33)



!
!
?
?
1. - (.. 11)
2. (.. 32 5:25-27)
( 34:1516 17:7
20:56 15:39 25:1 31:16)
(YHWH) ( 54:5 62:4-52:2 3:16914 31:32 16 23 2:19)
1:3 (.. 10:23 I 1:56)
(BDB 170)
(
)
3:1 BDB 84) (BDB 179)
(.. 44:19)

91

1:4 (BDB 894 KB 1128) (Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) )

(1) (.. 4-5) (2) (.. 2:22-23) #1

( ) ( ) (.. II
9:7-10:28) ( )

? Hard Sayings of the Bible IVP ( 235-236)

( BDB 728 589)
(.. (.. II 9:7-10:28) 37:10 10:25 51:33 1:4 2:6)
29:17
1:5 (ShalmanesarV)
724
722 (Sargon II) (

: 1:6-7
6

7

1:6 ?Qal (BDB
520.. 2:423) ( NKJV BDB )
(.. 103:13) 2:1923
(.. 11:8-9 12:6-13)
(.. 8:7 9:4)
(.. 10-11) (Qal
INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE) (BDB 669) (Qal IMPERFECT) (BDB 669) 2
( )
1:7 (.. 1:7 11 4:15 5:5 8-15 6:4 11 8:14 10:11 11:12 12:2)::
::
::
922
:: ( )
(.. 3:6-10)

(BDB 446 KB 448 (Hiphil PERFECT)
(.. II 18:13-19:37 II 32:123 36-37)

: 1:8-9
8

9

1:8 -

1:9 (Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) )::
(BDB 520.. 2:23) (.. 24:19-28 31:32)::
92

NASB NRSV

NKJV

TEV

NJB

(.. NJB)

: 1:10-11
10

11

1:10 1 10
(.. 15:5 22:17 26:4) 9
(.. 31:33 9:8-15) 9:26
2:23 9:25 !
1-2

:1. 32:6 103:1363:16 64:8 3:419 31:9 1:6 2:10 3:17
2. 4:22 14:1 32:519 1:2 3:22 31:20 1:1011:1
!
(.. 9:24-26 I 2:10)
?Hard Sayings of theBible 633-636
()!

1:11 (BDB 867 KB
1062Niphal PERFECT) ( 30:1-1054:7 56:8 31:1014 2:12 4:6):: (3:5 34:23
37:15-28 9:11) 4
!
10 11 :: 11
( 17:14 15)
!
II
!

93

 2
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

2:2-5

2:2-13

2:2-5
2:4-7

2:6-8

2:6-7
2:8-13

2:8-15

2:9-13

2:14-20

2:14-23

2:14-17

2:16-17

2:18-23

2:18-19
2:20-25

2:21-23

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

. 1-15
. (
)
1.

. 6-8 ( )
. 9-13 ()
2.
. 14-20
. 21-23

94

: 2:1-9
1

2"
3
4

5

6
7
!'
2:1 (BDB 55 KB 65) (Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) )
(1:10-2:1)
(BDB 766) ( 6:6-7 19:5-6)
1:9 (.. 23)
(BDB 933)
1:6 (.. 23)
2:2
NASB

NKJV

KRSV TEV

NJB

JPSOA

(BDB 936 KB 1224Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) )

(.. 4:1-3 12:2 2:5-9 6:1-8) (.. 24:1-4) -
(Akkadian literature)
50:1 54:4-8 3:1-20 16 23 9:15 3:29 5:22-33 19:7-9 21:9
22:17 ( ) (
) (lit BDB 693KB 747Hiphil JUSSIVE)
20:55:9-10
( )
( .. 7:9)!

50:1 16 !
!


() (YHWH) (.. 3)
(BDB 693 KB 747Hiphil JUSSIVE)
7:4 (.. 5:23)
(.. :217 4:18 7:14 9:12) !
(1) (.. 4:30)
(.. 2:13 )
( )
2:3 28:48 (.. 16:39 23:29) )
(.. 16:35-42) i
95

 1500 (1) (2)

( 27-29 )
3 (.. 27-20)
(YHWH) !

(.. 9:13-15
3:18)
2:4 (BDB 933) (KB 1216Piel IMPERFECT) 1:6
2:1923
(anthropomorphic)
!
(.. 5)
(.. The Jewish Study Bible 1146)
2:5
(.. 827-2914:22) (YHWH) ( )
( 20:5 34:14 6:24 5:9 6:15) (YHWH)
( 32:1621 78:58) (Israel) ( 2:8) (.. I
14:22 1:14 8:2)


!
(Baal ) -
2:6 (BDB 962) (1) (2)
2

1. (BDB 962 KB 1312Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLE)
2. (BDB 154 KB 180Qal PERFECT) (COGNATE ACCUSATIVE)
3. (BDB 592 KB 619Qal IMPERFECT)

( )
(and by implication of treaty rituals their gods) 5:13
(YHWH) (.. 5:15)! (YHWH) (.. 3:5 6:1
14:1)
2:7 (Piel PERFECTS) (.. 5)
(Baal worship) (.. 5:13 NIDOTTE 4 422-426
)
(.. 27-29)
(.. 21-23)

: 2:8-13
8"
9

10
11 12

13

96

2:8 ( )
(emphatic ) (.. 14:22) 9 (YHWH) (.. 2729)
(.. 7:13 11:14 Joel 2:19)
( )
( 29:17 40:19 46:5-7 10:3-10) (.. 13) !
Tyrian
( )
( )
2:9-13 (.. 16:35-43)
NASB NRSV
TEV NJB
NKJV

NKJV (BDB 996 KB 1427Qal

IMPERFECT) and (BDB 542 KB 534Qal PERFECT)
(YHWH)
( )
(.. 8)
(BDB 664 KB 717Hiphil PERFECT) ( I
17:35 50:22 2:9 5:14 3:12 5:8 34:10) 10
(NASB NRSV) (YHWH)
(.. 10 5:14) !
2:10 (1) (2)

NASB NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

-----

(BDB 615 KB 664) (KB 664)

1.
2.
3.
2:11 !

2:12 26 27-29

-
(.. 13 - (Astarte) female) (YHWH)
( ) David A Hubbard
(Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries p 79) (BDB 1061) (BDB 1071.. 9:1)


(1)
(2) (.. 13:7-8) #1

97

2:13 (.. 4:13-14)

-
!
NASB
NKJV NRSV
TEV NJB

(BDB 882 KB 1094Hiphil PERFECT) (1) (.. 11:13)

(2) (.. 7:9) 11:2 I 11:8 (Hiphil
PERFECT) (BDB 256 KB 261)
: (1) (2)
(.. 35:4 32:2)
( )
I 4:30 23:40-43
::
! (YHWH) (anthropomorphically)
!
(YHWH)

: 2:14-20
14"

15
16
17

18
19
20

2:14-19 14 !

!
2:14 (KB 984) (Piel PARTICIPLE)
(1) (2) (KB 985)
!
(.. 14 15 17 1819[ ] 20 21[ ] 22[
])

1. ( Hos 3:3)
2. (.. 15) (YHWH)
(rabbis) (YHWH) ( 11:1-2 13:4-5 32:1014 2:2-3)
(BDB 180 KB 210Piel PERFECT) -

2:15 (BDB 747) /
(.. 7) ( )
98

 (
.. 11:1-4 13:4-5)
2:16 ( )
(.. 171821)
(Ishi) (BDB 35 2:23 31:32)
( Goel)
(.. 20:5 34:14 4:24 5:9 6:15)
(BDB 127.. 54:5)
(YHWHism) (Baalism) ( ) : (1)
(.. I 9:40) (2) II (Samaritan Ostraca)
(.. 17) (YHWH)
(.. 8) (.. 9-13) !
2:18 (.. 18-23) 16
( 15:18 17:247
9101113141921 24:5 55:3 61:8) (.. 31:31-34 36:22-38)? (YHWH)
( ) ( (Amorites)
.. 15:16 )

(BDB 136)





1. ( 1-2)
2. ( 12)
3. ( 15)
4. ( 6-9)

1.
2.
3.
4.
( 27-29)
18
3627-37
? (1)
3 (2)
3131-34

()
( 7 3)

( )
!
( 28-10)
!
11:6-9 and Rom 8:16-25
(BDB 136) 8 7 / (.. 2:18 6:7
8:1)

99

 ( 46:9
2:4 4:3-4 9:10)
(1) (.. 18a)
(2) ( 18b-d) (3) (.. 2)
2:19-20 1.
2.
3.
4. (hesed .. 4:1)
5.
6. (.. 4:1)
7. ( [ ] )
!

19 (BDB 76 KB 91Piel PERFECTS)
() !

!
2:19 (BDB 76 KB 91Piel PERFECT) 19-20
(.. 28:30)
( ) ( )
!
(olam) ::

()
(400 ) (BDB 761 KB 798)

. ( )
1) 64
2) 4921
3) 327
4) 242
5) 519
. ( )
1) ( ) 199
2) 1517 1 2712
3) 236
4) 1 122
5) I 1:21 2:3 21:4
6) 115:18 145:1-2
7) 89:1 115:18 145:1-2
8) () 2017
9) 1025
. (
1) 322
2) 78:69 104:5 148:6 1:4 (II 3:10)
3) 29:9 40:15 (I 2:30)
4) 3116-17
5) 12:141724 16:293124 23:142141
6) 17:13 ( 2:28-29)
100

7) 13:15 17:18 48:4 32:13 (.. )

8) 25:2 32:14 34:10
.
1. 17:781319
2. 5:29 12:28
3. II 7:13162529 89:24
4. 2:1 ( 3)
.
1. 91216
2. 55:3 32:40 50:5 ( 31:31-34 36:22-30)
.
1. 21:33 32:40 90:2 93:2 40:28 12:7
2. 3:15 135:13
3. 15:18 45:6 66:7 10:10 4:7
4. 119:89160 40:8 59:21
5. 25:6 89:2 103:17 118:1-429 33:1
.
1. 72:1719
2. 45:217 89:52
3. 89:3637 9:7
4. 110:4
5. 5:2
.
1. 122
2. 122
3. 6519 ( 214)
4. 6019-20 ( 21-23)
(
)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

2:6
101

(HESED)
BDB (338-339)
.
1. ( 1 20:14 II 24:22)
2. ( 68)
3. ( 22 64)
4. ( 406)
.
1.
. ( 31:3 27:28 9:9)
. ( 10:12 86:13)
. ( 119:417688124149150)
. ( 25:7 51:3)
. ( 2 6:14 1:5 9:32)
2. ( 346 720
3.
. ( 9:17 103:8)
. - ( 20:6 5:10 7:9)
. ( 1 16:3441 II 5:13 7:36 20:21 3:11)
4 ( 2 6:42 89:2 55:3 63:7 3:22)
2:20 (object or idol) (BDB 393
KB 390)

(Hebrew) ( 4:1 19:8
31:1735 11:39 21:11 I 1:19 I 1:4 1:5) !

: 2:21-23
21" 22
23
!'
2:21-22 The VERB (BDB 772 KB 851Qal IMPERFECT)

(2:19) (.. 27-29)

(.. 27-29)
(.. 31:31-34 36:22-38) !
(.. 1:26-27)
(.. 8:18-25)

(agricultural)
(.. 55-66 21-22) !
2:21
2:22 22 23
1:4 11 (.. 1:4)
2:23 (.. 1:6) 19 23
() (Lo-Ammi) 1:9 23
9:25 I 2:10 (.. 11:9)

102

goi (BDB 156) am (BDB 766)

(
)
:1. 1:9 am
2. 1:10 9:24-26 I 2:10 (goi)

3. 2:23
(.. 14-23 )
1 2





1. ?
2. ?

103

 3
*
NKJV

3:1-5

NRSV

TEV

NJB

3:1-5

3:1-5

3:1-5

3:2-5

3:4-5

( vii )

: 3:1-5
1
2
3 4
:: 5

3:1 (YHWH) !
(Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) S)
1. 1 (BDB 229 KB 246)
2. (BDB 12 KB 17 [ ])
Qal PASSIVE PARTICIPLE
CONSTRUCT ( (YHWH) ) !

(BDB 728) 2:2

104

 (BDB 728)
(YHWH)
- !
NASB

NKJV
[footnote ]
NRSV

TEV

NJB

(BDB 945) :1. 14:20 7:5
2. 3:8
3. 5:16
4. 3:120
5. 30:29

()
1 (QalINFINITIVE
CONSTRUCT) !
(BDB 815 KB 937 Qal PERFECT) (..
31:1820) (YHWH) (..
19:4 20:6)
(Qal PERFECT)
(.. II 6:19) 16:7
44:19 (also possibly 48:31)
3:2 (BDB 500 II KB 497 Qal IMPERFECT)
(.. 2:6)
! (.. 21:32 27:4)

?

3

: 8:5
(BDB 330)
75
3:3

3:4 :1. (YHWHism) (Baalism)

2. (.. 8:4-510:7-815)
3.
1. 24:4 ( 4:3920)
2.
. (.. 24:26)
. (.. 28:18)
. (.. 31:45)
. (.. 4:5)
. (.. I 7:12)
. (.. II 20:8)
. - (.. I 9:9)
34:13 12:3 16:22 5:13
105

(I 2:18 22:18) ( 25:7

28:6-35) (.. 28:30)
(
8:26-27 17:5 18:14171820)
( )
(BDB 1076)

1. 31:193435
2. 1 191316
3. 17:5 18:141718
4. /
. 1 1523
. 2 2324
. () 2121
. 102
3:5 (BDB 29)
(BDB 31) 5

(YHWH) !

!
(.. 11)

( 1:15 3:1619 20:21 26:20) (
BDB 996 KB 1427Qal IMPERFECT 1:3 ) - (
BDB 134 KB 152Piel PERFECT.. 5:615 7:10 45:19 65:1 1:6 2:3)
5

(YHWH) II 7
(.. 1:11 9:11-15 33:1521-222526 34:23-24 37:24-28)
( 3:4 7:7 10:15)
I ( 8:5)
(BDB 808 KB 922Qal PERFECT) ( )
8 (.. 7:17) :1.

119:16
78:53 3:24 12:2 44:8
(YHWH) 60:5 33:9:5
2. 119:120 33:14 44:11

(BDB 375)

(.. 5:14-15) ! ( 31:1214)

106

 () (.. 27-29 3015)

(.. 31:31-34 36:22-38) ! 5
() !

:

(.. 65:17 66:22) ( )
- (I IV II)

(
)
( )

( ) :

12:32
12:2
1:2
13:22 29
I 1:20 2:68 3:18
6:5
10:30
II 4:4
11:3
16:8
1:4
18:30
1:21 2:17 6:12
20:34-35
I 6:17
II 4:10
2:12

( 2:44-45)
(.. 53)
(.. 9:9) (.. Rev 19)
( ) !

107

 4
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

4:1-10

4:1-3

4:1-3

4:1-4

4:4-6

4:4-6

4:4-6

4:7-14

4:7-10

4:7-11

4:11-14

4:11-13

4:15-19

4:13b-14

4:15-19

4:15-19

4:11b-14

4:15-19

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

4-11
. 4-5 -
. 6-10 -

: 4:1-3
1

2
3

4:1
NASB

108

NKJV NRSV
TEV
NJB

(BDB 1033 KB 1570Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) )

(.. 4:1 5:1 9:17) 8
1. 3:113 4:1 5:1 7:16 8:411
2. 1:2 3:19 5:15 6:1[ ]29 7:7
3:1
(BDB 936)
1. 1:23 41:21 2:9 25:31 50:34 Hos 4:1 12:3 6:2 7:9
2. 41:11 58:4 15:10 2:2
(YHWH) ! -
1. ( )
2. ( )
3. ( )
(
(.. 12:1-1) 15:12-21
(.. 16)
!
NASB NRSV
TEV
NKJV
NJB

3:5
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

(hesed) (BDB 338.. 6:4) 2:19 (Hesed)

( 2:20 4:6 5:4 6:66) ()
(a person) (BDB 395)
(.. 2:20 4:1 1:5)
(.. 31:34 Heb 8:1ff) !
4:2 2
(all INFINITIVE ABSOLUTES) ( 2 6 7 8)

! - (BDB 829 KB 971Qal PERFECT)!
4:3 (BDB 51 KB 63pulal PERFECT)
( 1:10 16:8 24:4 33:9 12:4) () (..
27-20 26) (.. 7:4)
1.
2.
3.
( ) (.. 3:1719 8:18-25) (.. 6-9) (.. 1:2-3)
()! !

109

: 4:4-6
4
5
6

4:4-5:7 - !
4:4 JUSSIVES :
1. Qal JUSSIVE
2. Hiphil JUSSIVE
( #1 6:31-32 #2 5:10) 4 ?
1. (.. 5:10)
2. (-)
3. ( )
4. ( .. 5)
NASB NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
JOA
NASB

[]

(.. 6)
4:5 (BDB 505 KB 502Qal PERFECT)
NASB NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB
JPSMOA

NET ( 1562) ( )
(1)
(2)
4:6 (BDB 198 KB 225Niphal PERFECT)

(BDB 549 KB 540Qal PERFECT)
(.. 19:4-6)
(.. 10:11 17:10-11 33:10 18:18 2:6-7) !
:- (1) (2)
(BDB 1013 KB 1489Qal IMPERFECT) (Qal IMPERFECT) 20:6 5:10 7:9
! ( ) !
!

: 4:7-10
7
8 9

10

110

4:7
(.. 8-10) ( 11:2
)
NASB NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(NASB TEV)
(NRSV NJB) (BDB 558 KB 560 (Hiphil
IMPERFECT) (Hiphil PERFECT)
(Targums) ( ) (Peshitta)

(BDB 885) (.. 83:16 3:35 13:18) (..

18) ( )
4:8
(.. 6 : 26)

(.. 24:15 24:4 19:18 22:27 44:14 )
4:9

(BDB 823 KB 955Qal PERFECT)
(..
27-29 26)
4:10 ( 1:6)! 7
!

: 4:11-14
11 12
13
14


4:11 (..
28:1-4) : 6:6
4:12 (.. 18:9-13)
NASB
NKJV
NRSV TEV
NJB

(BDB 781) 4:17 8:4 13:2 14:8

(
)
NASB
NKJV
NRSV

()

111

TEV NJB

(BDB 596) :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5

(.. I 17:4043 29:9)

(.. 32:20 12:11)
(.. 22:27)
( 30:37-39 41 1:1)
(.. 11:71014 NIDOTTE 2 1088 )

:
1 26:35
2 6:9
3 I 1:15
4 I 21:5
5 21:4 14:29
6 16:18-19 66:2
7 11:13
8 19:14
9 54:6
(.. 5:4)
(.. 3-14) ( 34:15-16 20:5 2:17 8:2733
I 5:25 73:27 106:39)
(BDB 1065)
4:13

: (1)
(2) (12:2 2:20 3:66:13)

( 13:18
Jdgs 4:5)
4:14
(.. 23:17-18) : (1)
(2) (3)
14
! 13
!

4:15-19
15
! !
16 ?
17
18
19
4:15 (JUSSIVES) :
1 (BDB 79 KB 95Qal JUSSIVE)
2 (BDB 97 KB 112Qal JUSSIVE)
3 (BDB 748 KB 828Qal JUSSIVE)
4 (BDB 989 KB 1396Niphal JUSSIVE)

112

 23 (.. 3:6-18)

! !

(see notes at 4:4 5:5 )
(.. II 2:1 4:38)
(.. 9:15 12:11 5:5 see HardSayings of the Bible p 330)
(.. 4:15 5:8 10:5 5:5)
(BDB 110) (.. I 12:28-29)
(.. 32)
: (.. 3:14)
: 1:2 15 15-
4:16 (BDB 710 KB 770)
( ) :
1 21:18-21
2 1:23 (.. 9:15)
3 30:1
4 65:1-7
5 6:28
(.. 2:1820 78:8 5:23)
? -
()

4:17
I ( )
(BDB 287 KB 287Qal PASSIVEPARTICIPLE.. 14:3)
David A Hubbard (The Tyndale OT Commentaries)
(.. 18:11 58:5)
4:12 5:4 ( 110) -


(.. 18)
(BDB 628 KB 679Hiphil ) (..
5:4 1:24 26 28) )
4:18 ! (BDB 171)
(.. 5)
4:19
1 (.. 12:1)
2 (.. 13:15 ..
22:22)
3 ( .. 4:12 5:4)
(.. II 22:11 18:10 104:3)
!
3 4





113

1
2
3
4

3 ?
3:5

?

114

 5
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(4:1-149)

(4:11-5:3)
5:1-2

5:1-7

5:1-2

5:3-4

5:3-7

5:4-7
5:5-7

5:8-9

5:8-15
5:8-14

5:15-6:3

5:8-12

5:10-12

5:13-14

5:13-15

5:15

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: 5:1-7
1
2
4
5
6
7

5:1 2 4:1 (
S)
115

1. BDB 1033 KB 1570 Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) 6:4

2. BDB 904 KB 1151 (Hiphil ) 10:30 28:23 34:1
49:1 1:2
3. Listen BDB 24 KB 27 (Hiphil ) 4:23 23:18 32:9
:1.
2.
3.
(
) (BHS ..
25:1ff)
(BDB 859)

(BDB 1061) 33:18-19

(BDB 440)
( 7:12 1:17)

5:2
NASB NKJV

NRSV NJB

TEV

(BDB 962) could mean
( )
(BDB 770 KB 847 (Niphil PERFECT)
(.. 4:2 6:9) 9:9
(.. 19) (BDB 1006)
(.. 57:5 23:39)
5:3 922
: (1) (2) ( 7:917) (3)

(#1 BDB 393 KB 390 Qal PERFECT #2 BDB 470 KB 469

(Niphal PERFECT) ( 69:5 139:15 )
(.. 3 ) (.. 3:2
NRSV)
(BDB 379 KB 375 Niphal PERFECT) (.. 6:10 9:3-4
2:10) 10:10 12:1522 15:22 22:26 44:23)

5:4 (.. 5)
4:1219
( ) (.. 4:17 81:12
1:2426)
(.. 4:1)
- (.. 29:13)
(.. 2:20 4:16 6:36)
5:5
NASB

NKJV

NRSV

116

TEV
NJB

8:7
-
:- (1) (2)
( 12:48) !
(BDB 505 KB 502) 5
n (.. 14:1)
(.. 24:17 3:8 31:3 6:15 8:12 46:616)

5:6 (.. 5:21-23
1:10-15 14:12 8:12)!
! !
5:7 (BDB 93 KB 108 Qal PERFECT) (
2:14-16) (.. 3:20)

1.
2.

(.. 2:11)

: 5:8-15
8

9

10

11

12

13



14

15


5:8-15 735-732 -
(.. II 16:1ff 7:1ff )
() 13

5:8 ()
!
8 ( ) ( )
10
(.. II 14:8-14 II 25:17-24)
5:8 (BDB 1075 KB 1785 Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) ) ( shophar) (
BDB 1051)
1.
.
.
.
117

2.
.
.
.
#2 ( 4:5 6:1 2:115)

(BDB 348)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
#5
(BDB 929 KB 1206 Hiphil )

(.. 4:15 5:8 10:5) I (..
5:5)( )

NASB

NKJV NRSV

TEV

NJB

(Septuagint)

5:9
NASB

NKJV NRSV

TEV

NJB

( 14:24 20-27 25:1 46:10)
5:10
(.. 19:14 27:17 22:28 23:10 24:2)
5:11 These are both Qal PASSIVE PARTICIPLES (#1 BDB 1075 KB 1785 #2 BDB 929 KB 1206)
(.. 52:4 50:33)
( 12:7 24:14 7:6 4:1)

NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

(BDB 846) 28:10 (.. 13)

(NIV) (TEVNJB) (Targums)
(Septuagint)
(.. 29:13 2:16-23)
5:12
NASB NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

118

 (BDB 799 .. 39:11 50:9 51:8) (.. TEV)

(BDB 955)
(51 BDB 799) (55 BDB 799)

NASB NKJV
NRSV

TEV

NJB
NAB

(BDB 955)
(.. 13:28 12:4 14:30
3:16)
5:13

(BDB 318) ( 1:5-6 53:4
) (
7:15 28:5961)
(BDB 267) (
) 30:13
( )
(.. 5)
III
(BDB 937 .. 10:6) (.. NRSV TEV
NJB) : III 745-727 V 7
27-722 II 722-704 704- 681
5:14 ( ) (.. 13:6-8 50:22 1:2)

( )

:

49:9 5:8
24:9 31:4 35:9 11:10
19
33:22
I 17:34-37
II 1:23
I 10:19-20
I 1320 II 17:25-26 15:9 4:10
2:30 49:1944 Lam 3:10 3:4812 5:19 5:14 13:7-8 2:11-12
9. 7:2 10:9 17:12 22:1321
10. 22:13 26:13 28:15
11. 4:7 49:19-22 51:38
12. 5:6 25:32-38 50:17 1:6
13. 12:8
14. 22:25 3:3
15. 19:12 20:2
16. 28:1
17. 49:9 5:5
#11 #12
(Empires of the Fertile Crescent)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

119

5:15 (.. 2:7) 4:25-31

(BDB 79 KB 95 Qal IMPERFECT) (
.. 5:15 10:2 13:16 34:21-22 24:6 2:3 6:6 Joel 1:18
11:5)
See note at 3:5

1. BDB 134 KB 152 (Piel perfect) 33:7 4:29 I 16:11 II 7:14 3:5 5:6
7:10 8:12 1:6 2:3
2. BDB 1007 KB 1465 (Piel IMPERFECT) 8:17 26:9 5:15

120

 6
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(4:1-149)

(5:15-6:3)

6:1-3

6:1-3

(6:1-7:2)

6:1-6

(6:4-7:10)
6:4-11

6:4-6

6:4-6

6:7-11

6:7-10

6:7-7:2

6:11-7:2

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: 6:1-3
1
2
3

6:1 (Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) ) (BDB 229 KB 246) It seems that 6:1-3 5:14-15
6:4-6

(Qal COHORTATIVE) (BDB 996 KB 1427) 1:3

1-3 5:15

(BDB 382 KB 380 Qal PERFECT) 5:14
(.. 16:9) 1:11
121

 (BDB 645 KB 697 Hiphil JUSSIVE

( 21:1519) (
2:1113 5:16)
(BDB 950 KB 1272 (Qal IMPERFECT)
(BDB 289 KB 289 (Qal IMPERFECT)

6:2 (BDB 310 KB 309 Piel IMPERFECT)
( 119:5093)

! !

( 11:4)

(1) (.. 9:16-17 II 20:4

10:8-9) (2) ( )
! (
) (.. I
15:4)
6:3 (Qal COHORTATIVES)
(.. 2:820 4:16 5:4 6:36)

/! (.. 7:9)
(.. 5:9) !
13

: 6:4-11
4
? ?
5
6
7
8
9

10
11
6:4
(.. 11:8-9)
( )
((hesed) BDB 338) 4:2 : Lovingkindness at 2:19
(BDB 378) :1. ()
2. ()
6:4 13:3
6:5 ( ) 1:1216
!

NASB NKJV

NRSV

TEV
---------------NJB

122

 (.. LXX /
(BDB 21) (BDB 1007) 3

6:6 ! (.. 9:24)!
(.. 8:7 11:12) 4

9:13 12:7
(.. I 15:22 1:11-13 7:21-23 5:21-24 6:6-8)
(For a good discussion see Hard Sayings of the Bible) 207-208 294-295)


6:7
NASB

NKJV

NRSV

NJB

bu
( /Adam in Gilead and Shechem/)

I think
3:16 7 (BDB 1027)

(BDB 716 KB 778 Qal PERFECT)

( 8:1 14:41 17:2 26:13 17:3 24:5)
: 2:18
NASB

NKJV

NRSV

TEV
--------------NJB

(BDB 93 KB 108 Qal PERFECT) ( 24:16
3:20 5:11 2:15) 33:1
( ) 5:7
!
6:9


(
(Hard Sayings of the Bible) 114-116 148-149 )

6:10 :1. the basic meaning is rottenness (.. 29:17)
2. (.. 5:30-31 23:14)
3. (.. 18:13)
(BDB 379 KB 375 Niphal PERFECT)
( 5:3)
6:11
NASB

NKJV
Also
NRSV

123

TEV

NJB
For you too
( .. 51:33 3:13)
(.. 8:14 12:2) 6:11 7:1
5 6





1.
2.
3.
4.

5:8-15
6:1-4 ?

11 ?

124

 7
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(4:1-149)

7:1-3

7:1-3

(6:1-7:2)

7:3-6

7:3-7

7:7

7:8-10

7:8-10

7:8-10

7:8-10

7:11-13

7:13-16

7:11-12
7:14-16

7:13-16

( vii )

1.

2.

3.

4.

: 7:1-7
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
7:1 6
(LXX Peshitta NKJV NASB)

125

 (BDB 950 KB 1272 Qal INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT)

( 5:13 6:1 7:1 11:3 14:4)
( 103:3 1:5-6)
( 4:8 5:5 8:13 9:79 10:10 12:8 13:12 14:1-2
BDB 730) (BDB 949 .. 7:23 9:15 10:15[ ])
(BDB 162 KB 191 Niphal PERFECT) (2:10 I 2:27 14:8
53:1) 57:8 ( )

NASB NRSV

NKJV

TEV

NJB

(BDB 821 KB 950 Qal PERFECT) (.. 6:138:810)
(1)
(2) ( 18:22)
( BDB 151 I) 6:9 (.. II 25:91013)
922 I

7:2
( 1:18 38:17 43:25 44:22 31:34 18:22 33:16) (.. 8:13
9:9) ( ) ( 14:10 44:12)
(BDB 685 KB 738 Qal PERFECT)
( 16:13 17:11 88:11) 11:12

7:3 3-6
(.. 7 NET Bible) 1
(.. 8:4) II
(.. 7): Zechariah 746-745 745
745- 738 - (.. II 15:19) (Pekahiah) 738-737
(Pekah) 737-732 732-724 (.. II
17:4)
4:4-67-1011-14 5:1-7

7:4 (1) () (2)
( .. 9:2)


(1) (..
678) (2)
7:5
(.. 7:516 8:410 9:15 13:10)
( 3) ( 5) ( 5-7)
(.. 20:1 23:29-35 28:1 7)

NASB NKJV

126

NRSV

TEV
------NJB

( ) (
)
7:6 (BDB 70) (.. 9:8 51:12 ) 20:13
5:17 !
7:7 7:3

: 7:8-16
8

10

11
12
13 !
!
14

15
1
6


9

7:8 (..
1116) (BDB 117 KB 134 Hithpolel 29:2 40 2:4 7:10)
(..
13-15)
(.. vv 467)

(Bible Background Commentary)
756 (Bible dictionary or encyclopedia)
(Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible 5 s )

7:9 ( BDB 393 KB 390 Qal
PERFECT .. 4:1)

NASB NRSV

NKJV

TEV

NJB

!
7:10 ( )

(.. 5:5)
(..
7) : 1:3
(#1 BDB 996 KB 1427 Qal PERFECT BDB 134 KB 152Qal PERFECT) ()
( .. Mark 1:15 Acts 3:1619 20:21)

127

7:11 (.. v 16 8:9-10 13 9:3 6 11:11 12:1)

Menahem turned to Assyria (II 15:19- 20) and Pekah to Egypt
ea alternated in alliance to both (II 17:4) ( 1330)
7:12


1. I
2.
3. ( )
7:13-15
( )


7:13 (BDB 804 KB 911 Qal IMPERFECT)
: (1) ( goel) (2)
(3) : 13:13 15 20:30 21:8 34:22 49:7 8 15 130:7 8
1:27 and 29:22

/
I.

. -
1. Gaal -
( )
( 2527) ( 415 2922)
( 6:6 15:13 74:2 7715 31:11)
( 19:25 19:14 78:35 23:11 41:14 43:14 44:624 47:4 48:17 49:726
54:58 59:20 60:16 63:16 50:34)
2. Padah
13:1314 18:15-17
497815
1307-8
. - -
1.


( 1308
2.
( 78)
( 19:25-27 33:28)
3.
( )
4.


/
!
II.
.
1. Agoraz (1 6:20 7:23 II 2:1 5:9 14:3-4)

2. Exagoraz ( 3:13 4:5 5:16 4:5)
3. (
2:14-16 2:14) ( 2123)
128

 ( 10:45 II 5:21)!
!
4. Lu
Lutron ( 2028 1045)
( 129)
Lutro
i.
2421
ii.
214
iii.
- 1 118-19
Lutr sis
(1) 168
(2) 238
(3) 912
5. Apolytrsis
( 319-21)
(1) 2128
(2) 823
(3) 114 430
(4) 915

(1) 324
(2) 1 130
(3) 17
(4) 114
6. Antilytron (1 26) ( 214 )
(
1:29 3:16-17 4:42 I 2:4 4:10 2:11 II 3:9 I 2:2 4:14)
. - -
1. ( 834 3:10-18 6:23)
2. ( 3) ( 5-7)
( 214)
3. ( 129 2 521)
( 6)
4.
( )
5. ( -)

!
6. ( 823 1:14 4:30)
()
(1) (2)
(3) ( 6:1-3) (4)

7:14 14 7
:
1.
2. (.. 57:7)
3. ( )
4. (grr BDB 657) (.. REV NEB JB) (gdd
BDB 151) (.. I 18:28 16:6) of Baal worship
See David Allan Hubbard ea (Tyndale OT Commentaries) 141
(BDB 157 KB 184 Kithpolel IMPERFECT)
(.. ASV NASB RSV KJV BDB 151 )
(BDB 151)

129

 (.. I 18:28 16:6 41:5 42:5 48:37) (.. 14:1 and 19:28
21:5)

NASB

NKJV NRSV

TEV

NJB

7:15

(1) (.. 11:1- 4) (2)
( )

130

 8
*
NKJV

NRSV

(4:1-149)
8:1-3
8:1-6
84-10
87-10

8:1-10

TEV

NJB

8:1-7


88-10

8:11-14

8:11-13
8:11-14

8:11-14

814

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: 8:1-7
1

2

3

4


5
?
6

7

131

8:1 (BDB 1051)

58 (.. 3 28:49
10:5)
(BDB 676)
(Targums)
(..
9:3-415)
(BDB 716 KB 778

QalPERFECT.. 6:7 17:2 7:1115 2:202 18:12 34:18)

(.. 2:186:78:1)
( )
(BDB 833 KB 981 QalPERFECT)
( ) (QalPERFECT
) 4 712
1. 2:513
2. 2:13 4:6 8:14 13:6
3. 4:16 9:15
4. 5:7 6:7182
5. 7:1 10:2
6. 7:3 10:13 11:12
7. 7:13
8. 7:13 8:1
9. 7:13
10. 7:14
11. 7:14
8:2
( BDB 277 KB 277 QalIMPERFECT )
(BDB 393 KB 390 QalPERFECT) (.. 7:14 29:13
2 3:5)
8:3 (BDB 276 KB 276 QalPERFECT) 5
!
(.. 5:14 15 6:8)
8:4
5 6
(.. 32) !
( ) ( )
( )
2 (7:3 )

8:5 ( 922 ) 1

( 32:4-5 1 12:28-29 13:2)
:
(BDB 276 KB 276 QalPERFECT) !

(BDB 354 KB 351 QalPERFECT)
( 6:15 7:4 11:17 29:26 31:17 5:24-25)

NASB NRSV

132

NKJV

TEV

NJB

!
8:6 ( )
(.. 20 5) !
8:7
( .. 10:12-13 12:2 4:8 2 9:6
6:7)
(.. 1:7)
( .. 7 ) ( )

: 8:8-10
8

10

9

8:8 ( .. 1:12)
( 124:3 51:34 2:16)

(BDB 479)
1. ( )
2. ( 25:34)
3. ( 46:19 13:347)
4. ( 48:38)
4 1 !
(.. 19:5-6)
(.. 19:5 3:2) !
8:9 (BDB 748 KB 828 QalPERFECT)


(BDB 825) (
) (.. 2:23-24)
(BDB 1071 KB 1759 PERFECT)
(.. 2:12) ( 10 16:36-37)
(.. 3)!
(1) (2) (3)

!
8:10 (
)
(BDB 867 KB 1062peil IMPERFECT)
( )

: 8:11-14
11
12
13

133

14

8:11 (1) (2)

!
8:12 ( 11:2
2 17:13-15 ) (1) (2)
(3) (.. 4:1)!

NASB NRSV


NKJV
TEV

NJB

(266 KB 267 Qal )
1. ( 25:5 5:7)
2.
30:9
10:1
3. 2:16 5:320 7:5 22:14
4. ( ) 7:9 8:7 1:7 25:25 29:5 61:5 51:51 28:710
!
8:13 (BDB 257) (BDB 256)
(..
7:15-18)
(BDB 953 KB 1280 QalPERFECT) ( .. 14:10 20:40
.. 14:12 20:41) 5:6
(.. 5:21- 28: 6:6-8)

7:2

(.. 7:16
9:3) 11:5
( )
( ) ( BDB 996 KB 1427)
8:14 (.. 2:13 4:6 13:6)
(.. 13)!
(BDB 793 KB 889) Qal
(.. 6) ( ) (.. 1:26 17:7)

( )

(.. 14)
! 2 18:13

l 1 533 ( 43:1213 49:27) 1:47101214 2:25 8:14

!
!
134







1. 8:4 ?
2. ?
3. 8:13 11:5 ?

135

 9
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(4:1-149)

9:1-2

9:1-17

9:1-6

9:1-6

9:3-6
9:7-9

9:10-16

9:7-9

9:10-12

9:10-14

9:13-14

9:15-16

9:15-17

9:17-108

9:17

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: 9:1-6
1

2

3

4

5 ?
6


136

9:1 (.. 5)
( ) !
( 970 KB 1333 QalJUSSIVE .. 1 856) (..
7:3) (BDB 766)
1. 1
2. 1
3. 4
4. 4
5. 5
1 (.. 22:12-14)
!

( )

( 2
23)
! !
( 1:2
4:1013141518[ ] 5:3 9:1) !
(BDB 12 KB 17 QalPERFECT) (BDB 1071 .. 2:512)
810

(BDB 175)

( 4:11-14)
2111416 !
9:2 (.. 2:16)
9:3 ( 25:23 2:716:18 36:538:16 1:6)
( 9:29 19:5) 15:16
(.. 18:24-28)
!
7:81116 8:13 11:5
( )

722
(.. 8:9-10)


(.. 4-5) 4:13 !
9:4
(.. 29:40 15:1-10 104:14-15) 3-4
66 () (
)
(BDB 536 CONSTRUCT 19)

9:5 ?
!
137

9:6 (BDB 592)

( BDB 868 KB 1064 IMPERFECT) (1)
( ) (2)
!
(1)
(2)
(.. 8:14) (3) 2 7:23

(.. 10:8)

: 9:7-9
7

8


9

9:7 (BDB 824 CONSTRUCT 398)
( 2 ) (
)
(BDB
1024 CONSTRUCT 398)

(BDB 393 KB 390 QalIMPERFECT) JUSSIVE () 82
!

( 29:36 )
(.. 1 10:6)
(.. 8:12)
( ) 159 "
(..
4:1219 5:4)

NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

7
!
(BDB 913) 812

NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

138

(BDB 966)
97 8
9:8
NASB
NKJV NJB
NRSV
TEV

(1) (.. 19:5-6)

(2) (3)



!
( )
(.. 8:1 9:415)
9:9
NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

1. - BDB 770 KB 847 PERFECT
2. - BDB 1007 KB 1469 PERFECT


(1) 32:7 9:12 32:5
(2) 1 9:9
(3) 1:4 6:28 20:44 23:11 3:7
(4) 14:1 53:1
9 10
109 (1)
(2) (.. 1 13:8-14) (3) 19-20
(4)
!
(.. 7:2 8:13 13:12)

: 9:10-14
10
11
12 ! 13
14 ?

9:10

(.. 2:14-19 32:10)
()

139

 (BDB 128)
(Balaams) (..
25:1-9) 52 9
( 4:3-4 22:17 106:28 )
(BDB 634 KB 684 IMPERFECT)
(Sinai) (.. 19-20)
(BDB 103)
(.. 19-20) ! !
(BDB 1055) (.. 29:17 2 23:1324 66:3 4:1 7:30 32:34 5:11
7:20 11:1821 20:7830 32:23)
9:11
! (.. 27-29)
(.. 19:5-6 3:2)

1. ( ) - 7:11
2. ( ) - 11:11
3. / - 8:1
4. () - 5:1 7:12
5. - 9:11

(.. v 14 16)
9:12 1018
(.. 4:17 1:232628)
()
9:13 ( 166 ) (1)
(.. 27:28) (2) (.. 1 18:31) (3)

(1) (.. 18:21 20:2-5 2 23:10
32:35) (2) (.. 11121416)

9:14 (BDB 678 KB 733)
QalIMPERFECT - !
QalIMPERFECT- ?
QalIMPERFECT - !
(
)
4 47

!

: 9:15-17
15

16

17

9:15 (1)
(2) (.. 1 11:14-15) (.. 7:3-7 8:4
10 13 13:9-11) (3) (.. 1 13:1-14) (4)

140

 ( BDB 971 KB 1338 QalPERFECT)

( 12:31 63:3-6 12:8 5:21 6:8)
!
( )

1. (BDB 414 KB 418 JUSSIVE)
2. (BDB 12KB 17Qal CONSTRUCT)
!

9:17
(.. 31:16-18) (BDB 549 KB 540 QalIMPERFECT)
4:6 () (.. 8:12
5:24 30:912 6:19 8:9 5:6 20:16 2:4) (.. 33:24)

( 10:5 44:28-45:7)
27-29 (.. 28:5868)!

141

 10
*
NKJV

NRSV

(4:1-149)

TEV

NJB

(9:17-10:2)

10:1-2

10:1-2

10:3-10

10:3-8

10:1-10
10:3-4
10:5-8

10:9-11
10:11-12
10:12-15

10:9-10

10:11-13

10:11-15

10:13-15
10:13-15

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: 10:1-2
1

2
10:1
NASB NRSV
NJB
NKJV
TEV

(BDB 132 I Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLE)

9:10 ( 80:8-13) ( bqq
) (11:1) !
142

 ( 32:32 80:8-19 5:1-7 2:21 15:1-8)

(BDB 132 I) (9:10-17)

8:11 (BDB 915) 12:11 ( 2:28 11:13)

NASB


NKJV
NRSV

TEV

NJB

NET Bible

( 27-29)
- !
10:2
- 197
Kardia leb (BDB 523)
(Bauer Arndt Gingrich and Danker A Greek-English Lexicon
403-404)::
1. (.14:17 2 .3:2-3 . 5:5)
2. ( )
. (.16:15 8:27 1 . 14:25 1 .2:4 .2:23)
. (.15:18-19 . 6:17 1 . 1:5 2 . 2:22 1 . 1:22)
3. ( .13:1524:48 .7:2316:1428:27.1:2110:62 .4:6. 1:184:18
.1:26 2 .1:19.18:7 2 .3:14-15 4:7)
4. ( .5:411:231 . 4:55:372 .9:7)
5. (.5:28 . 2:26377:5421:13 1:24 2 . 2:47:3.6:22 .1:7)
6. ( 5:5 2 . 1:22.4:6/ -. 3:17/)
7. ( ) (.22:37 . 6:5 )

. . 6:68:21 . 11:8-9
. .4:29 6:5
. . 10:16 2:29
. .12:31-32
. 36:26

NASB

NKJV NJB

NRSV

TEV

(BDB 325 II KB 322 Qal PERFECT)

( ( New Berkeley version) )
(1)
(2) /
(BDB 52-54)
(BDB 324) ( )

4:15 5:15 13:116 5:10-15 )

(
phallic symbol 3:4 I 14:23-24) (raised cut stone altar with a place for a carved stake or live
tree)
143

: 10:3-10
3

?


5


6

7

8

!
9
?
10

4

10:3 I 8:4-9 (7:3-7 8:4 10 13

13:9-11) ( I) ()
10:4 This is a COGNATE ACCUSATIVE
(BDB 150 KB 210 Piel PERFECT) ( 58:13) ( 19-20)



-
( 2:6 5:12 6:12)
10:5 (I 16:24) 922
I

NASB

NKJV

NRSV NJB

TEV

NET Bible

(BDB 158 KB 185 Qal IMPERFECT) (

) ( 5-6) (BDB 626)

I (4:15 5:8 I 16:2829)
( ) ( 32:4-5) - (BDB 110)
( )
( )

NASB NRSV

NKJV

TEV


NJB
(II 23:5 1:4)
kmr
1. ( ) BDB I
2. (from Syriac) BDB II
3. BDB III
4.

!
144


NASB
NKJV
NRSV
NRSV (footnote)
TEV
NJB

()

() (BDB 162 KB 189 Qal IMPERFECT)

(BDB 458 II) (I 4:21-22)

10:6 -- III
(BDB 937 5:13)
(BDB 202 KB 116 Qal IMPERFECT) 2:5 4:19

(BDB 420) 7:12 ( 7:24)
1.
2. (10:5)
NASB NKJV NRSV TEV NJB
10:7 (BDB 198 KB 225 Niphal PERFECT) ( 8)
( 13:11)
NASB

NKJV

NRSV TEV

NJB

(BDB 893 II 1:7) ()
10:8 (BDB 19)

(1) ( ) (2)
(4:13)
( 3:18)
(9:6)
(BDB 491 KB 487) /Piel
/
(BDB 656 KB 709) /Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) /
23:30 6:16

10:9
(I 13:8-14) 19-21
(BDB 16) ( )
()
1. 5:14 13:78
2. 9:15
3. 10:10
4. 11:9 13:11

!
145

 (BDB 415 KB 418 Qal IMPERFECT)

() ()
(BDB 62 KB 74 Pual PERFECT) (BDB
766)

(Septuagint) (Peshitta) () (1)
( ) (2) ( 2:13) (3)

: 10:11-15
11

12


13

14


15

10:11
( )
( 605 597 586 582 BC)
(BDB 961 KB 1306 Piel IMPERFECT) 39:10 28:24
:
1.
2. ( )
10:12
(Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) S) ( )
( ) ( 11:18)
(8:7 12:2 4:8 126:6 11:18 22:8 4:3 II 9:6
6:7)
(BDB 338) (hesed)
(4:1 6:4-6 12:7 6:8) : : (Hesed) 2:19
( 4:3)
(BDB 205 KB 233) is a Qal INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT
( 4:29) ( 29:13)
(10:12 55:6-7
5:46) !
(
) ( ) ( 2:19-20 6:3 14:5 72:6-7 44:34 45:8 2:23 3:18)
10:13 ( 12)
( ) -
(BDB 105 KB 120 Qal PERFECT ( 14-15) !
( )
( 8:14) ( 9:23-24)
(BDB 202) (Septuagint) (14:3)
(Ugaritic root)
146

10:14 858-824 III

II 17:3 18:9
III


(13:16)

9 10





1.
2.
3.
4.

9 10
9:9-10:15
? 11:5 7:10 8:13 9:3

147

 11
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

(4:1-149)

NJB

11:1-7
11:1-4

11:1-6
11:1-4

11:5-7

11:5-9

11:7-9

11:8-9
11:8-11

11:10-12
11:10-12


11:12-12:14

11:10-11

11:12-12:6

11:12

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: 11:1-4
1 2
3 4

11:1-4
(1) 1-3 (2) ( )
11
148



(11:8-9)
11:1 9:10 10:1
( 4:32-40) ( 3:2 19:5-6 ) 15:12-21

( 12:3
19:5-6) ( 2:15
)
(1) ( 1:10
4:22) (2) ( II 7:14 2:7) (3) ( 2:7 13:33
1:5 5:5 ) 2:15
(BDB 894 KB
1128 Qal PERFECT) ( )
( 1:3-14)
11:2 ( II 17:13-18 6:10
7:25-26) (the Septuagint and the
Syriac have ) ( 7)
David A Hubbard (Tyndale OT Commentaries)
-25
( 187) (Jerome Biblical Commentary)
( 262)
( 15)
!
(Canaanite pantheon)
(Archaeology and the Religion of Israel) by William Foxwell Albright

(BDB 256 KB 261 Piel IMPERFECT)
(BDB 882 KB 1094 Piel IMPERFECT)


11:3 (BDB 920
KB 1183 Tiphel) 3 4 (
4 ) (1) (2)
?
! / !
(BDB 950 KB 1272 Qal PERFECT) 5:13 6:1
7:1 15:26 163:3 1:5-6 (
53:5 I 2:24-25 )
11:4
( 12:5-13
!

(BDB 760) ( 10:11 )
(
NIDOTTE 3 401) (BDB 760 14:1)

149


1. 1:2 -
2. 1:4 49:15 66:9-13 -

: 11:5-7
5

7

6

11:5 7:16 8:13 9:3

: (1) (2)
11:5
It is possible to translate

(7:11 8:9-10
9:3 10:6)
10:3 (I 8:5 !
(BDB 996 KB 1427 Qal INFINITIVE
CONSTRUCT) : : 1:3
(BDB 549 KB 540 Piel PERFECT)
(7:13-15 8:112)
11:6 (BDB 296 KB 297 Qal PERFECT)

(BDB 94) (1)
( 8:14 10:14) (2) ( 44:25 50:36)

(1) I (2) (3) ( 7:12)
11:7 (BDB 1067 KB 1736 Qal PASSIVE
PARTICIPLE) which is used literally in 28:66
( )
(BDB 1000) / (14:5 in 3:6 2:18 3:22
5:6 8:5 14:7 )
!
1:9 ( ) 2:23 ( 1:6
)!
(
53:6 I 2:25 )

: 11:8-11
8 ? ?
? ?

9

10
11
11:8 ? ( 6:4)
( 21:18-21) ?
150

 ? (BDB 171 KB 545 Piel IMPERFECT)

14:20
( 10:19 19:24-25 29:23)

(BDB 245 KB 253 Niphal PERFECT)
( 8 )
19:212529 29:22
31:31-34 36:22-38

( TEV NIV NET Bible)
(BDB 637) 57:18
1:13 (BDB 485 KB 481 Niphal PERFECT)
( 43:30 I 3:26 )
11:9 The CONSTRUCT (BDB 354 60) 8:5 ( 32:12
25:4 32:13-15
7:26 13:17 )
( 26:3)
( 10 30:11)

El (BDB 42 II) : 1:2

( 23:19 I 15:29 9:32)

1:26-27 ! (
11:12)
(BDB 899 872)
(BDB 769 6:12 7:14) ( 1-2)
( 21-22)

( 1:26-27)
!

NASB
NKJV
NRSV (footnote)
TEV NJB

:
1. (BDB 128)
2. (BDB 128)
3. (BDB 786)
4. (VERB BDB 97 OBJECT BDB 746 II) 8:14 10:14

11:10
(BDB
354) (BDB 353 KB 350 Qal IMPERFECT 10:11) (1) 42:28
(2) I 10:4 (3) I 21:1
66:2 9:4 10:3

151

 ( )
10 11 ( 11:11-12)
1. 10
2. 11
3. 11
11:11
!
27 28

: 11:12
12
11:12 (Massoretic Text) 12 12 ! 12
(6:6 8:7)
( ) ( )
(BDB 685 KB 738 Qal PERFECT) 7:2

(7:13)
1. ( )
2. ( 7:3)
3. ( )
4. ( )
5.
NASB

NKJV NRSV


TEV
NJB
( )
?
?
(BDB 923 Hiphil 27:40 Qal
2:31) (BDB 921 Qal 14:2 34:4 Hiphil 41:2)






1.
2. ?
3. ?

152

 12
*
NKJV

NRSV

11:12-12:8

TEV

NJB

11:12-12:6

(12:1-14:9)
12:1-2

12:1
12:2-6

127-9

123-9

127-9

12:9-14

12:10-14

12:10-11

12:10-11

12:10-14

12:10-14

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: 12:1-11
1

2



153


6
7
8
9
10
11

12:1 VERBS are Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLES
(BDB 924) ( 7:7 Eccl 1:1417
41:29)
( II 17:4)
(5:13 7:11 8:9 13:15 II
17:3) ( sirocco desert winds)
( 27:8) 18:17 17:10 19:12 27:26
(12:12) 7:13
( Hiphil form)
1. 2:8
2. 8:11
3. 8:14
4. 10:1
5. 12:1
6. 12:10
(#1 #6) !
The VERB (BDB 503 KB 500 Qal IMPERFECT)
( 15:17)
(BDB 136)

(II 17:3-6)
(II 17:4) (
8:8 )
12:2 (BDB 936) (2:2 4:14 25:1 II 15:24 6:2 7:9)
(4:9b) (8:7
10:12-13 4:8 126:5 11:18 22:8-9 II 9:6 6:7) 11:12
(?)
12:3-4 25:26
(BDB 784)
32:28
-


( 16:7-13 22:11-15 24:74031:1113 48:15-16 3:24 13:21 14:19
2:1 6:22-23 13:3-32 3:1-2)
12:5
(1) / (2) the / (BDB 838 II 5:10) (3)

- ( 3:13 6:14 and 9:5) : : 1:2

154

 / (BDB 271)
( 135:13) 3:14
-(El Shaddai) ( 6:2-3) : : 1:2

12:6 ( BDB 996 KB 1427 Qal IMPERFECT but functioning as a JUSSIVE)

(2:19 4:1 6:6 10:12 5:24 6:8)
!

1. / BDB 1036 KB 1501 (Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) )
2. BDB 875 KB 1082 (Piel ) ( 3:25 7:7)
12:7 (BDB 488 II 23:8 16:29 17:4) (sarcasm)

( 11:1 20:23 8:5)
(BDB 798 KB 897 Qal INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT) 24:14
/ ( 14:31 22:16 4:1 7:6 22:29
7:10) 6 ! (4:1718 10:11 12:7 4:4-5 3:1-2)
12:8 (8:14)

NASB
NKJV
NRSV
TEV
NJB

( Septuagint) MSS


12:9 ( 5 20:2)
: (1)
(2:14 9:10 11:1-4 2:2 2:10 ) (2)
(Feast of Booths) ( 23:42-44)
( 8:14 ) ( 8)
12:10 (6:5)
( 4:6 8:111)

( )

NASB NJB

NKJV

NRSV

TEV
(BDB 197 I)
( 6:9-13) (Mark 4:10-12)
(BDB 198 II 4:56 10:715[ ]
NRSV TEV)
155

12:11
NASB NRSV
NJB

NKJV TEV

awen
(BDB 996) ( )

6:8-9

NASB NKJV
NRSV TEV
NJB

( )
(BDB 166)
::
(
) !

: 12:12-14
12

14

13

12:12 4-6 ( 28-30)

12:13 ( 18:15
34:10)
12:14
( )

156

 13
*
NKJV

NRSV

(12:1-14:9)
13:1-3

13:1-3

TEV

NJB

13:1-3

13:1-3

13:4-8

13:4-13

13:4-8

13:4-8

13:9-11
13:9-11

13:9-11

13:12-14

13:12-16

13:12-14:1

13:14-16

13:15-16

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: 13:1-3
1
2
! 3

13:1
157

 (
BDB 669 KB 724 Qal PERFECT) ( 8:1 12:1)
(BDB 958) (
48)

(I 16:31) (I 16:31)

William Foxwell Albrights book

Archaeology and the Religion of Israel 72ff

( BDB
559 KB 562 Qal IMPERFECT 2:2
18:31 )
13:2 ( 5)

(2:8 46:6 10:4)
I 19:18 31:27 (
a JUSSIVE NASB)
!
13:3 :

(BDB 70)
/

: 13:4-8
4 5
6
7
8

13:4 20:2
5:6) ( 5 2:14 9:10 12:9)
( 20:3 5:7) (BDB 393 KB 390 Qal
IMPERFECT) (BDB 446 KB 448 Hiphil PARTICIPLES 43:3 11:14 45:1521-22
63:8)
(BDB 446 KB
448 Hiphil PARTICIPLE 43:31114 45:1521-22 63:8)
13:5 (BDB 393 KB 390 Qal PERFECT) (
) ( 32:10)
(BDB 944)

NASB NRSV

NKJV

TEV

NJB


( 15:22-26 17:1-7 20:2-1321:16)
158

13:6 ! ( [ ] BDB 959 KB 1302

/Qal IMPERFECT/ /Qal PERFECT/ ) (
6:10-12 8:11- 20 32:13-15)

(2:13 4:6 8:14 8:14 31:1620 32:1518 Jdgs 10:6)
13:7-8 : ( 2:15 4:7 5:6
7:2 50:22) 6

: 13:9-11
9 10 ?
? 11
13:9 ! ( 2:1719)
?
13:10-11 (7:3-7 8:41013 10:3)
28 ( 3652) 11 II 8:4-9
11 (II 17:1-6)
13:10 ( ) NASB

: 13:12-14
12
13
14 ?
?
13:12 (BDB 864 KB 1058 Qal PASSIVE PARTICIPLE)
(BDB 860 KB 1049 Qal PASSIVE PARTICIPLE)
(7:2 8:13 9:9)
13:13 ( BDB 408 KB 411 Qal PARTICIPLE ( ) ) (1)
(II 19:3 37:3) (2)
( 4:9-10) ( 21:3 26:17)
13:14 (questions NASB)
(statements NIV) ( Septuagint) I 15:55
(Masoretic Text) (NASB)
( 14 NET Bible)
(BDB 804 KB 911) (Qal IMPERFECT) (BDB 145 KB 169)
(Qal IMPERFECT) : : / 7:13
: : ? 9:2
( BDB 184 BDB 881)
( NIV) 15-16

: 13:15-16
15

159

16
13:15
NASB

NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(Greek Syriac
Latin) NASB

(BDB 826 KB 903 /Hiphil IMPERFECT/)
(Assyria) ( )
(16)!
(12:1 10:5)
13:16 722
(10:14 ) ( 10:24-27)

160

 14
*
NKJV

NRSV

(12:1-14:9)
14:1-3

14:1-3

TEV

NJB

(13:12-14:1)

14:1-3

142-9

14:4-7

14:4-7

14:4-8

14:8

14:8-9

149

1410

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

: 14:1-3
1
2
3"

14:1 (BDB 996 KB 1427) /Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) /
( 3:5 5:4 6:1 7:1016 11:5 12:6 14:1-2) !
( 2:13 4:6 8:14 13:6
4:691011) as much as it is to rules!

(BDB 505 KB 502 Qal PERFECT) 3:8 59:1014 46:6)
161

14:2 (14:1 in ) / Qal

S/ /Piel COHORTATIV/ !
1. - BDB 542 KB 534
2. - BDB 996 KB 1427
3. - BDB 55 KB 65
4. - BDB 1022 KB 1522 (Piel COHORTATIVE)
!
( )

(BDB 669 KB 724 Qal IMPERFECT) ( S)
(7) (subject) ( 34:7
14:18 32:5 85:2 33:24 14:2 7:18) ( NIDOTTE 3 162)

NASB NKJV
NRSV

TEV

NJB

tob(BDB 373)
1. KB 371 I (LXX NASB NRSV NJB)
2. KB 372 IV ( 1 TEV NET)

NASB
NKJV
NKJV (footnote)
NRSV
TEV
PESHITTA
NJB
REB
NET Bible

( II 15:7 50:14 66:13

116:1418 19:21)
( 50 69:30-31)
/Septuagint/
!
14:3 : (1)
( 5:13) (2) ( 20:7) (3) (
)
4:12 14:3 2:1820 17:7-9 31:7 10:3-58-914-15
20:4-5 34:17 19:4 26:1 4:15-1925 5:8
11:1-4 (
68:5 5:3)
( 22:21-24 10:18-19 14:29 16:11-12 24:1719
26:12-13 27:19)
(BDB 933 KB 1216 Pual IMPERFECT) 1:6 2:4
2:11923 ! (1:9 vs 2:1)

: 14:4-7
4

162

14:4 4-8 ! (BDB 950 KB 1272)

(5:13 6:1 7:1 11:3 103:3 57:18
3:22)
(BDB 1000) (11:7)
( 2:19 3:22 5:6 8:5 14:7 3:681114
7:24) ( ) (14:1) ( )!
( 30:1-10) shub (BDB 996)
(BDB 12 KB 17 Qal IMPERFECT)
( ) ( ) ( 31:3134 36:22-38) ( 30 1:15
2:21) ( 6:46) ( 2-3)
(BDB 60)

(BDB 996)
1. 1
2. 2
3. 4
4. 7
14:5 (literal here not like 6:4 13:3)
5-7 ( 27-28)
5-6:
1. 5 - BDB 827 KB 965 Qal IMPERFECT JUSSIVE
2. 5 ( ) - BDB 645 KB 697 Qal JUSSIVE
3. ( ) 6 - BDB 229 KB 246 Qal IMPERFECT - JUSSIVE
4. - BDB 224 KB 243 Qal JUSSIVE

(Tyre)
1. 5 ( )
2. 6 ( )
3. v 7 ( )

(v 8)
14:6-7
( 8:7-9 11:9-12) !
( 9:13-15)
/ !
14:7 (BDB 442 KB 444 Qal PERFECT) (1)
( 17:8 36:7 57:1 63:7 23:27) (2) 5-7 8
( 8 17:22-24)
( 8)

: 14:8-9
8 ?
9 ?

163

14:8 ? ( 11:12 II 16:10 19:22 I

17:18 II 3:13 II Chr 35:21 2:4)
(BDB 772 KB 851) 2:21-22
2:23 !
(BDB 1003 II KB 1449 Qal IMPERFECT) (
)
13:7 ( 5:26) !

!

14:9 (BDB 106 KB 619) (BDB
106 KB 122) (JUSSIVES) ( )
!
( )
! (
18)
(
23:19) - :
( 30:15-20 8:4-5)


! : : 2:19

13 14





1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

?
13:14 I 15 ?
9
?
?

164


I.


(BDB 402) :
1. 68:13
2. 74:19 ( 11:11)
3. 2:14 5:2 6:9
4. ( ) 7:11
5. (YHWH) 60:8
II.
(Ecclesiasticus 49:10)
(Baba Bathra 14) :1.
2.
3.


1.

LXX

2.
3.

(Yom Kippur ( )
III.
( ) 2:2-9 -
3:4

!
1.
2. (Jewish Midrash)
3.
4.
5. ( 1:2 Dictionary of Biblical Imagery 458459)::
6. I & II
( BDB 54 )
II 14:25 II ( 783-743)
(.. III 6:8 14:48 Josephus Antiq 9102)
12:39-40 16:4 11:29
(
)
3:4

(.. )
165

IV.
1:1

II 14:25 II
- (Gath-hepher) (.. 19:13)

( ) (Jeroboam II)
(.. II 14:25)

( ETBU 1998)
V.
14:25 ( 783743 see Aendix or dates)

1. 1
2.
3. 3
VI.

1. ( (Nebo) ) - (Adad-Nirari III) ( 805782) - III 745
2. (Assurdan III) ( 771-754)
:
1. 8 /
VII.
VIII.

( 12 34)
1. 1 - !
2. 2 - ( )
3. 3 -
4. 4 -
IX. MAIN TRUTHS

!
( )

(- ) 3:10 4:211
4:1
( )
(YHWH)
3:5-9 (.. 15)
(.. 12:3 19:4-6)
(..
10:25-37)
15:11- 32

1. (Yom Kippur 12:41 )
2. ( ) ( )
3.
4.
5.

166

 1
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

1:1-3

1:1-3

1:1-16

1:4-6

1:4-5

1:1-3

1:4-9

1:6
1:7-10

1:7-8
1:9-10

1:10-11
1:10-16
1:11-16

1:17-2:10

1:17-2:9

1:12
1:13-16
1:17

( vii )

*


()
()

1.

2.
3.
4.

167

: 1:1-3
1

2"
3

1:1
NASB
------NKJV NRSV

TEV

NJB
------ NASB NJB
( 1:1 I 1:1 1:1)
( 1:24 1:1 1:1 1:1
1:1 1:1)
(BDB 402)
(BDB 54) (
) II 14:25
1:2 (Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) S) !
This like v 1 is a typical prophetic call (c 3:3-4 13:4 6)


(.. 10:11) 612 (BDB 644)
(Ishtar)

ABD 3 938 (BDB 152) :

1. 1:2 3:23 4:11
2. 1:4
3. 1:412
4. 1:10
5. 1:16
6. 1:17
7. 3:5
8. () 3:7
9. 4:1
10. 4:6
( 4:10
BDB ) 152)
329
{ (BDB ) 894 KB (KB ) 1128 (Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) )
2 6 ( (YHWH)
40:26 58:1 2:2 3:12 7:2 11:6 19:2 20:8 49:29) Ninevehs judgment would have caused s contemporaries
to alaud (.. 3:19)
( BDB 947 & 949) ( )
:
1. 1:2
2. 1:78
3. 3:810
4. (.. 3:10) 3:10
5. 4:1 ( )
! !
168

 (.. 3:11019) (.. 10:12-14)

-
(.. ) ( )
(YHWH) (.. 9:7)

(.. 7:2) (.. 9:7)
!
1:3
(.. 4:2) !
((BDB ) 1077) (1) (2) t
(Phoenician) ( (Tartessos) )
(.. 10:4)
(.. 139:7-12) -

( BDB 432 KB KB 434 (QalIMPER ECT) 1:3
( ) 5 ( ) and 2:7
(.. (ABD) 3 938)


( 7 )
(YHWHs presence)

30 50

() (BDB 969)
( Nedarim 38) (LXX)

: 1:4-6
4 5

6 ?

1:4
(Elohim) (YHWH) : 12
(BDB 376 KB 373 /Hiphil PER ECT/) (
.. 16:13 22:26) 1:515

( ) (BDB 990KB KB 1402 Niphal

IN INITIVE CONSTRUCT ) !
1:5 (BDB 431 KB 432) (BDB / 277
KB 277) (Qal IMPER ECTS)

169

 5 6 (Elohim) ( 1:2 )
5 6

- -
1:26-27 k* (..
3)


or (BDB 922 KB KB 1191 Niphal IMPER
ECT) ( .. 15:12 I 26:12)
1:6 ! (YHWH) -
( /both Qal IMPERATIVES
( ) S/ .. 2) !

!
(
)

: 1:7-9
7
8 ? ?
? ? 9

1:7 (/BDB / 229 KB 246) (a Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) ) :

1 /BDB / 656 KB 709
2 ( ) /BDB / 393 KB 390

(.. 7:14 I 14:40-42 1:26)
(.. 14)
1:8 (/BDB / 616KB 665 /Hiphil /) ( )

1:9 (/BDB / 720)
(habiru)

() (BDB 431 KB 432 Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) ) (YHWH)
(Elohim) ( )
(YHWH) ( II 36:23 1:2
1:45 2:420)
(.. 14:1922 24:37)
(.. Baalshamem and the Date o 240-241
[]) 1:2
( Elohim ..
1:1-2:3) ( )

: 1:10-14
10 ?
170

11 ? 12
13
14

11:10 ( /a COGNATE ACCUSATIVE
) (.. 9)

1:11
NASB

NKJV NRSV

TEV


NJB
(.. 13) Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLES)
1. (BDB 229KB /KB /246)
2. (BDB 704 KB 762)
1:12 ( /BDB / 669 KB 724 /Qal
IMPERATIVES ( ) / /BDB / 376 KB 373 /Hiphil / )
- : (1) (
) (2) (3)
- (
!
1:13
! (/BDB / 369 KB
365 /Qal IMPER ECT/ )
1:14 (YHWH)
( ) (irony again)

(.. 21:8 27:24-25)
The VERB (BDB 342 KB 339 Qal
PERFECT ) ( 115:3 135:6 46:10 55:8-10 4:35
)

() ()
I.

829 - - ( ) 112 112

(. 41 . 15)
(. 829-30) -

() . 26:5 I . 1:220 II .
3:17
. ( )
-

. 8:28-30 .1:13-14 . 9



171


()
() -

. ( )


(1 . 24 2 . 39) (. 83139)?


()

(. 8:29 . 1:4 2:10)


(. 14)
(. 1:26 5:13 9:6)
.

II. 9
. ( . 13-14 ) 10
(. . 4 . 1113 .
12 []) -
! ()
- ()
-

. ( 923 ) 829-30 . 1411



15
( )
-
( 9) ( 10 )

() -

()
III. 1
.
!

! 9 10
(. 101113)
- 14
( ) ( )
14
( )
! ()

!


()
172

( ()

)
- - ( ()
() !
-
. . 14


(. 315) (. 123
. 195-6)
( 64465) 9

() (. 112)
(1) (2 . 521) (2)
(. 2:10 . 8:28-29 . 4:19)
!
. 14 - ( 146)
( ) . 3 . 4 . 7 . 9
. 10 . 12 . 13 ()
( )

. 25:34 17:24 I . 1:19-20 . 13:8
. 11


! (1 . 523 2 .
213) (. 126-27) -
-
- (1) (. 914 1 . 119) (2)
( 16) (3) (. 36) (4) (. 215 1 . 313 523)

( 8:29-30 . 4:19 I . 1:2)

. 4 . 5
(. 3:17
4:21516)
. . 15
( 22:22 . 2:23
4:28 17:31 . 8:29-30) -
-
! - ()

(

)
(. . 9 11)
( ) (. 18:212332 3:16-17 I . 2:4 4:10 2:11 II . 3:9) ( )
- (. . 6 7 9) 9-11

(. 536
39-18) -
(. 1) (. 2)
( 211-313)

173

 1:15-16
15 16

1:16
( / COGNATE ACCUSATIVE/)
(.. 4:2)

(COGNATE ACCUSATIVE)

(.. 116:17-18)

:1:17
17 - -
1:17 - (BDB / 584 KB 599 / Piel IMPER ECT/ )

1. 1:17
2. 4:6
3. 4:7
4. 4:8

( 25 )
!
( )
(time in hades)
(.. 12:39-40 11:29-32)

1.
2.
3.
4.

?
?
- ?
?

174

 2
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

1:17-2:10

1:17-2:9

2:1-9

2:1-10

2:10

2:10

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

( 1-9)
(.. 35)

: 2:1-9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2:1 (.. 1:4 17 2:3)
(YHWH and
Elohim) 1:2
2:2 (BDB 894 KB 1128 Qal PER ECT) (8 ) : 1
() 1:2 3:245 2 1:614 2:2 3:8
175

 (/BDB
119:146 58:9)

NASB NRSV
NJB
NKJV
TEV

/ 1002 KB 1443 /Piel PER ECT/ ) ( 30:2-3

(BDB 865) (
18:4-6 22:11 25:17 118:5120:1)
There may be a play on the term
(BDB 105)
Jonahs physical location - (/BDB / 588) (parallel to
.. 30:3)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5. (.. 6:5 88:10-12 115:17 139:8)
: ? 9:2

2:3 3 5 (..
1:1)
(.. 4 69:121415 88:6717) ( )

1. 3 (/BDB / 846)
2. 5 (/BDB / 1062)
3. 3 (/BDB / 685 KB 738 Poel IMPER ECT)
4. 5 (BDB 67 KB /KB /79 Qal PER ECT)
5. 5 (/BDB / 685 KB /KB /738 Poel IMPER ECT)
6. 3 (/BDB / 625)
7. 3 (/BDB / 991)
8. 3 (/BDB / 164)
9. 3 (/BDB / 565)
(BDB 1020 KB 1527 Hiphil IMPER ECT )
(.. 1:4) (.. 1:15)
2:4
NASB

NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(/BDB / 173 KB 204 /Niphal )
(/BDB / 176)
(.. 31:22) !
(or sage) ( 8:8
57:20)

NASB NRSV
NJB

NKJV

TEV

NASB

NKJV

176

NRSV NJB

TEV

(NASB NKJV) (NRSV TEV

NJB)? (/BDB / 32) (/BDB / 36)?
( ) ( )? 3-6
7-9 4 it
( / BDB / 32) 6 4 ?

( 25:22 7:89 I 4:4 II 6:2 80:1 99:1)
!
(.. 9)
2:5
NASB

NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(/BDB / 67KB 79 /Qal PER ECT/ ) (YHWH)
( II 22:5 18:4 116:3)
(nephesh) (BDB 723) is the term nephesh which
denotes ( 2:7) 69:1 105:18 5:14
( )
(BDB 693)

2:6 (BDB 432 KB
434 Qal PERFECT .. 16:3033 55:15 5:14 14:19) (BDB 1001) (..
30:3) (..
12:40-41 11:30) !

NASB NRSV
TEV NJB
NKJV

(BDB 891)
In Ecclesiasticus 16:19 ( 180 ) BDB
( )
This
term is meant to be a poetic parallel to bars and the pit
(BDB 138)
( II 12:23 7:9- 10 10:21)
(BDB 748 KB 828 Hiphil IMPERFECT) (
)
2:7
NASB

NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(BDB 742 KB 814 Owens Analytical Key Hithpael PERFECT OT

Parsing Guide Hithpael INFINITIVE CONSTRUCT NIV Interlinear
Kohlenberger INFINITIVE )
177

 ( 57:16)
(BDB 269 KB 269Qal
PERFECT) ( 8:11-20 77:11-12) (
.. 103:311-13 1:18 38:17 43:25 44:22 7:19) 7:2 8:13

2:8 31:6

NASB NRSV

NKJV TEV

NJB

()
1. (BDB / 996) ( 31:6 18:15)
2. (BDB / 210) ( 32:21I 16:1326
31:6 57:13 8:19 10:814-15 14:22 51:17-18)

NASB

NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

(BDB 736KB 806 /Qal IMPER ECT) ( 2:24) ( 28:20 31:16
10:10 55:7 1:16)
?
1. 1 ( .. 4:2)
2. ( .. 79)?
2:9 14:3

(BDB 256 KB 261 Qal COHORTATIVE) (BDB 1022 KB 1532 Piel
COHORTATIVE) - (/BDB / 623
) 1:16 (YHWH)
(BDB 447)
( 3:8 45:17 ) ( ) !
(YHWH) ( ) J -
!

: 2:10
10

2:10 (YHWH) (1) (2) (3)

(4) (5) (1) (2) (3)

(BDB / 893 KB 1096 /Hiphil IMPER ECT/ ..
19:14 28:8) (YHWH) !

178

 3
*
NKJV

NRSV

(3:1-4:11)

3:1-4

3:1-5

3:5-9
3:6-9
3:10

3:10

TEV

NJB

3:1-4

3:1-10

3:5
3:6-9
3:10

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

JONAH: 3:1-4
1
2"
3
4
3:1 1:1 ( 1-2)
( 3-4)
!
3:2 /Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) S/ 1:2

12 (BDB 152)
12 Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) IMPERATIVES ( ) (BDB
894 KB 1128)
1:2

179

 12 12 against (BDB
752) (BDB 39)

3:3 13
!
(Masoretic Text) (
) (.. 12:3 22:18 26:4 19:5 18:2332
1:29 3:16-17 4:42 I 2:4 4:10 II 3:9 I 2:2 4:14) !
1:2

NASB
----------NKJV
----------NRSV
----------TEV
----------NJB
----------JB ( ) )

ABPS

Peshitta

Rotherham

Youngs Literal

JPSOA ( )




12 against 32

60 1500
100 (
/Diodurus Sicucus /) 8 (under eight miles )
(1)
(2) (3)

3:4 (BDB / 894) Qal IMPERFECT ) (Aramaic)
gg
(
24:18 34:28 13:25 9:911I 17:16 I 19:8)

1. 7:4
2. 16:35 95:10
3. 24:8 9:911
4. 13:1
5. I 19:8
6. 4:6
7. 3:4
8. 4:2
(the Septuagint)
(BDB 245 KB 253 Niphal PARTICIPLE) 1929
( BDB 246 ) 1 ( .. 11:8-9)
2 ( 621 )
(.. 4:2)
(.. 2 4:1-4)
180

: 3:5-9
5 6
7
8
9
?
3:5 (Elohim)
1 (4:11 ) !
What does this (/BDB / 52 KB 63) ?

( 4 3
)
1. (YHWH) ( 15:6)
2. ( 19:9)
3. ( 12:7)
4. ( 7:9)
5.

(1) ( 14:111:32 9:23)
(2) ( 20:12)
(3) ( 45:26)
(4) ( 4:158931)
(5) ( 28:66)

(1) ( 4:31)
(Hebrew) (NIDOTTE)
1 427-433 (Koine Greek) (

( () () ()
( 1116 )
( 115 ) (115
31619 1021 )

1.

2. ( )
( ) ( )
() ()

(
122 152-5 174-8 1814 )



( 1720 )


1 223-25
83159 813 18-24

( 1320-22 31-32 )

1.

( 112 223 318 1 513)
181

2.
3.
4.
5.

( 211 315 439 64075 31 39 48 830 936 1042 1145 48 1737 186
1043 129 1 18)
( 635 738 1125 26 1244 46 14112 169 1720)
( 336 935 1 510)
( 1211 194 216)
( 1236)
( 141)
315 115 514
2742 942 1117 1631 45 24
933 1011 1 116 1 26
36 188 2725 1 323 510

( 669)
( 824)
( 1038)
( 1127 2031)
( 1127 2031)
( 1142 17821)
( 1410-11)
( 1627 30)
( 824 1319)
( 68)
(1 414)

( II 3:31 I 21:27II 6:30

9:1) ( 9:91825 I 6:7 10:6 9:1 36:6-9 2:12) See
Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia o the Bible 4 302-307
(.. 7-8)

!
3:7 !

3:8
NASB NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB
l ( )
( 1-2)
(3) ( 11:6-9 65:15 2:18)
(.. 38:39-40:34) (.. 4:11) 1-2
21-22 (
) !

( 1:3 1:15
3:1619 20:21) 12:41 11:32
(.. 18:8)
(Elohim)
3:9
NASB NRSV
NJB

NKJV

TEV

(/BDB / 566) (/BDB / 393KB 390 /Qal PARTICIPLE (

) / ) ( II 12:22 4:14 2:14)
182

 (it was used in the kings edict in v 8 9

10) (BDB 996 KB KB 1427)
(1) (2) ( )
( ) : 1:3
(BDB 636 KB 688 Niphal PERFECT)

( 32:14 106:45 18:8 7:36 11:8-11
)
1
2
-

( !
( F F Bruce Answers to Questions 129-130 Hard Sayings of the Bible 70-75
16

: 3:10
10

3:10
V! (
) ( 32:14 I
15:11 26:313)

183

 4
*
NKJV

NRSV

(3:1-4:11)

4:1-4

4:1-5

TEV

NJB

4:1-3

4:1-4

4:4
4:5-8

4:5-8

4:5-11

4:6-8
4:9-11

4:9-11

4:9
4:10-11

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.
(WORD AND PHRASE STUDY)

4:1-4
1
2 ?

3
4 ? ?
4:1 BDB 949) (BDB / 949 KB 1269Qal IMPERFECT)
(.. 2:10)
hxr
1 1:2
2 1:78 3:10 4:2
3 4:1
4 4:6
(.. The Expositors Bible Commentary 7 385)
! (..
12:48)

184

 (BDB 354 KB 351 Qal IMPERFECT .. 149[ ])

(YHWH)
- (.. 1:9 4:2) (.. I 13:1-8)
4:2 with an I-told-you-so prayer
( )
( ) !
34:6 14:18-19 9:173132
86:5 15103:811-13 145:8 32:18-19 2:13

(BDB 337) (BDB 933)
(.. 1:6 2:4 2:1923[ ])
(BDB 74 60) (
14:18 1:3) (.. 28:21 3:33)
(BDB 912 338) 29 :

3:9 10

4:3 (/BDB / 542 KB 534 /Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) / ..

11:15 20:14-18 I 19:4) (.. 4:8)

: 4:5-8
5

6

7
8

4:5 (BDB 697) (.. 23:40-42)
( ) .. 6)
60 !
4:6 (BDB / 584KB 599 /Piel IMPER
ECT/ .. 678) an (.. 1:17) (
4:6 4:7 [.. 41:6] 4:8 - 1:17)
(BDB 970 )
1 1:16
4:8 (..
10:13) ( 48:7 18:17 17:10 13:15)
(BDB 362) BDB
KB 353 :
1. (Septuagint (Peshitta) ()
2. (Aramaic Targums) (.. NRSV)
KB (slightly changed the by one consonant) /sharp/ /scorching ()
DSS

NASB
NKJV
NRSV

185

TEV

NJB

( .. 813) - (.. 2:7)
(.. 49:10)

: 4:9-11
9

?

10


11

?
4:9-11
(.. 3:8 4:11)
4:1011
NASB

NKJV

NRSV NJB

TEV

(BDB 299 KB 298 Qal PERFECT 10 Qal IMPERFECT 11)

13:18 13:14 21:7 5:117:49 8:18 9:510 16:5 24:14
(BDB 933 KB 216 .. 1:6 2:41923) (BDB 933 KB 216 .. 1:6 2:41923)
2 (.. 2:17 )
4:10
(.. 40:6-8) (YHWH) (YHWH)
(.. 1:26-27) ~ (.. 3 esp v 15)
4:11 120000
( 7:15) ()

-


( 12:3 22:18 26:4
19:5 18:23 33:11 1:29 3:16 I 2:4 4:10 II 3:9)
(.. 16:31)
1:9 4:2







1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

?
?
? ( ?)

() ()

6. 12:38-45 ?
186


I.

II.

( 17141 2213 (BDB 567) 2618


- (Ecclesiasticus 49:10)
Ecclus 48:10
12 (Baba Bathra 14b)
1.
2. (Baba Bathra)

(Masoretic Hebrew Text)
XXX

LXX

/1

1
2

III.
.

. (
)
( )
.
( ) .
.
1. 1:5-7 6:9-16
2. 1:9-16 3:12 4:10-12 6:9-16
3. 2:12-13 5:5b-9 7:7-20
4. 5:2 5:4
5. 4:1-5
IV.
. (1:1) (
. 1:14 15:44 2. 11:8 14:910 20:37 20 )
(
)
.

1. ( BDB 1033 KB 1570 . . 6:4) 1:2
3:1 6:1 (
)
2. / 2:12 3:2-3 4:6 5:4 7:14
3. - (. 2:512 3:1 6:6-8
7:14-15)
187

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(4:1-3 .1:2-4 . 4 . 214 )
. 20


(. 3:5-8)
.
V.
. 1:1 (
) .. 735-700

. 2618
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.. 722
( ) . 138
.

VI.
. ()
. ( )

. 3 (
)
.



(. 1207)
VII. -
. 2:512 3:1 6:6-8 7:14-15
2:10-11 2:12-13 (
)
.
1. 1:1-16
. 1:5-7
. 1:9-16 (3:12)
2. 2:1-13
. 1-11
. 12-13
3. 3:1-12
. 1-4 9 11
. 5-7 ( . 8) 11
. 11
. 12 (4:10)
4. 4-5
. 4:1-5
. 4:6-8
. 4:9-13
. 5:1-5a
. 5:5b-9
. 5:1 10-15
5. 6
. 1-5
. 6-7
. 8
. / 9-16
6. 7
. 1-6
188

. 14-20
(.. . 919 )
. .. ( ) . 144- 145
1.
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. (. 2:12 4:8 5:4 7:14)
2.
. 1:2 - 2:13
. 3:1 - 5:15
. 6:1 - 7:20
( ) . 23 ..
(. 150.)
3.
. (1:2-2:13)
(1) (1:2-7)
(2) (1:8-16)
(3) (2:1-5)
(4) (2:6-11)
(5) (2:12-13)
. (3:1-5:15)
(1) (3:1-4)
(2) (3:5-8)
(3) (3:9-12)
(4)
(4:1-5)
(5) (4:6-7)
(6) (4:8)
(7) (4:9-13)
(8) (5:1-6)
(9) (5:7-9)
(10) (5:10-15)
. (6:1-7:20)
(1) (6:1-8)
(2) (6:9-16)
(3) (7:1-7)
(4) (7:8-20)
VIII.
. (.
23).
. (3:11).
. (. 1:5-7 6:9-16)
(. 1:9-16 3:12 4:10-12 6:9-16)
.
() (. 2:12-13 5:5b-9 7:7-20)
. (6:8)
(6:6-7)
. (5:2).
(7:18-20)

189

 1
*
NKJV

NRSV

TEV

NJB

11

11

11

(1:2-3:12)

1:2-4

1:2-4

11

1:2

1:2-7

1:3-5

1:5-7

1:5-7

1:6-7

1:8-9

1:8-9

1:8-9

1:8-15

1:10-11

1:10-16

1:12-13
1:14-16

1:10-14
1:15-16
1:16

( vii )

*


()
()

1.

2.
3.
4.

190

 11-7
1

2
3
4
5 ? ?
? ?
6

7

11 ( 11 )

( 2618 )
( )
114
200 (20 )
(Appendix)
1) (2)
Edwin R Thiele The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings )
(BDB 302) ( 1:1 2:113:1
1:1 1:1) ( 2:128:7 30:10
1:1) ( 7:12 3:7 29:10 30:10)
712

( 1 19)

12 1 2
3 (BDB 1033 KB 1570 Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) )
31 41 (shema)
67 ( VII )::
(1:2 3:19 5:15 6:1[]29 7:7) Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) S (
3:196:129 )
VERB (BDB 904 KB 1151 Hiphil )
2823 51 14 341 491
(BDB 224 KB 243 Qal JUSSIVE)

( 2933 ) (1 125 31) (1)
(2) (3)
( 3530
1761915 ) (
426 12) ( 3119-2126)

191

 ( 567 ) 12


( 2522 )
2 3 (
2621 /) 27
13 (BDB 201 KB 231 Qal PERFECT) 413
(
)
(1) (2)
( 633 115 /)
(BDB 119) 5
( 7 /)
14
( 1916-20 187-15-97-1-6 404 230-31 95) 4
( 1 3 2 4 )
(/3 819-22)
74
(BDB 620 KB 669) (BDB 510 KB 507) (Hophal)
PASSIVE ACCUSATIVE
15 12 1 2
5 5
10
(I 16:29-3317-18)
3 ( 722 )
( )


(2 243-47)

1-6-7 8-16
1-6 1972 )

(312 2618)

17 ( )

(BDB 1072-1073) 3 TEV 23:18
23:17)
(NRSV) NIDOTTE 3 1281)
1. ( )
2.
3.
192

4. NIDOTTE 3 207)
1 8 16

18-16
8

9

10

11


12


13


14

15

16


18-9 (1) (Ibn NET Bible footnote 1 1622) (2) 8-16
(. The Jewish Study Bible 1207)) ( 118)
( 10 24-32) (3)

18 5 8
( ) (722 )
(605597586582 ...)
.. .. 8

COHORTATIVE
1. NASB NRSV
-
NKJV
-
TEV
-
NJB
-
(BDB 704 KB 763 Qal COHORTATIVE)
2. NASB NRSV NJB -
NKJV
-
TEV
-
(BDB 410 KB 413 Hiphil COHORTATIVE)
3. NASB
-
NKJV
-
NRSV NJB
-
TEV
-
(BDB 229 KB 246 Qal COHORTATIVE)
4. NASB
-
NKJV
-
NRSV
-
TEV NJB
-
(BDB 793 KB 889 Qal IMPERFECT

16 ( 810)
(NEB)
(. I . 19:24 II
. 6:20 . 20:2-4 21:7)
(. . 11 .. 47:2-3 . 13:26 2:310)
193

 (BDB 419 KB 421 NKJV NRSV TEV)

(Peshitta NJV NJB NEB NIV REB )
(. . 13:21 34:13 43:20 .
50:39)
19 ( 1:5-6 . 10:19 14:17 15:18 30:12-17
(
23)

(BDB 646)

1. mkh (BDB 646) - . 1:6 . 6:7 30:1217
2. mzr (BDB 267) - 5:13
3. hbrh (BDB 289) - . 38:5 . 53:5
4. mhll (BDB 319) - . 53:5
3229 2 732:29 II . 7:14
. 30:2 41:4 103:3 107:20 . 6:10 30:26 57:18-19 . 3:22 17:14 33:6 6:1 7:1 11:3 14:4!
( 5101215)
110-16 1024-32
10-16 Shephelah
10-16
701
/// ( Sargon II in 711)
110 ( (BDB 616 KB 665) Hiphil IMPERFECT JUSSIVE 2
120
732 ///
INFINITIVE ABSOLUTE BDB 113 KB 129 Qal IMPERFECT JUSSIVE

(BDB 779)
()
(BDB 814 KB 935 . 6:26 . 27:30) Hithpael PERFECT Hithpael
( ) Dictionary of Biblical Imagery
326-328

1. 471
2. 110
3. 4425 11925
4. () 212 91 41 212 585 626
1:11 (BDB 716 KB 778) Qal IMPERATIVES ( )

IMPERATIVES ( )

(BDB 1051 . . 15:48) (BDB 102)

(BDB 289) . 23:29)
( arx BDB 838
BDB 422 KB 425 Qal PERFECT) ()

194


(BDB 765)
(BDB 111)
112 (BDB 598 . . 15:59) (BDB 600 120)

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(
) (YHWH Elohim)
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(BDB 1022)
113 (BDB 958 KB 1299) Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) IMPERATIVES ( )


(BDB 540) (
(II . 32:9 . 34:7) ( BDB 940 . I Kgs. 4:28)


114
(BDB 555 I . 9:16) 14
( 1 916 )
( )
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439 KB 441 Qal ACTIVE PARTICIPLE ( )

(BDB 726) (. I. 22:1-2)

(1) ) TEV (2)
(3) (NKJV) (NRSV)
( 1 1529)


116 3 S IMPERATIVES ( )

1. BDB 901 KB 1140 Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) IMPERATIVES ( )

2. () BDB 159 KB 186 Qal IMPERATIVES ( ) IMPERATIVES ( )
3. BDB 931 KB 1210 Hiphil IMPERATIVES ( )
( 152 166 810) (. 21:5 .
14:1)
(1) ( )
(2)
( 717) (3)

( 48404922 81)

195


2 7
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1. ?
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 2
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NRSV

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2:10-11
2:11

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2:12

2:12-13

2:13

( vii )

1.

2.
3.
4.

. 1-2
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2 1-5
!
197

2

3

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21 (BDB 222 1:424 10:5 17:12 28:1 55:1
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( 7:6)




22
)
1 BDB 326 KB 325 Qal PERFECT
2 BDB 159 KB 186 Qal PERFECT
3 BDB 669 KB 724 Qal PERFECT
4 BDB 798 KB 897 Qal PERFECT

. 25:23 . 33:54 36:1-12 12-21)

( )

23 (bhBDB 243 II)
.. (UBS Helps For Translators)
1
( 167)
(BDB 1046)
( ) ( 3:2)

NASB
NKJV TEV
NJB
NRSV

(BDB 949) 3212 14

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(BDB 559 KB 561) Hiphil IMPERFECT
114 55

198

 ( )

24 (
)
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(BDB 624 KB 675) -
1 (Qal PERFECT)
2 ( )
3 ( )


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4 5 (
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()
(1) ( ) BDB 1000 NKJV) (2)
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( 10)
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(BDB 174)


1.
2.
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4.

qahal (ecclesia) (
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26-11
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26-7 6-7

Leslie Allen (New International Commentary on the Old Testament) 292 7

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NASB
NKJV
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hapox legommenon (BDB 55 KB 65 Qal PASSIVE PARTICIPLE) NET

(NJB) (TEV)

(
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(NRSV TEV NJB)::
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NRSV TEV NJB NET Bible)
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NASB
NKJV
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() (
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( 156)
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1417) ( 15-6)
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( 511 1222287)

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