Joanna Ratigan Development of Settlement in Cities in LEDC and MEDC Countries Over time, the arrangement of population has

changed based on the economic status of the country, and the inhabitant. Cities in less economically developed countries (LEDCs) and more economically developed countries (MEDCs) have their population dispersed in different ways. The cities of Lima, Peru and Paris, France are good examples of the pattern of settlement in both LEDCs and MEDCs. Settlement in LEDCs has to do with migration and hope for a good life. As with MEDCs, the central business district (CBD), which mostly consists of corporation offices, is located in the center in the city. Also in common, an industrial zone runs from the center of the city all the way out, with a form of a main road (highway, rail line, etc.) for means of transport. LEDCs have a small area of high quality residences, and surrounding the CBD is region of medium quality residences. The living standard gets lower the farther you are from the CBD, all the way out to the slums (which go by many names, such as squatters, shantytowns, favelas, and bustees). The slums are developed by people who moved to the city from other parts of the country, hoping for higher paying jobs and a better life. As they cannot afford an expensive city home, they are forced to settle further out. The push factor is elements of country life that would convince people to move out of the country. The pull factor is elements of city that would convince people to move into the city. Both the push and pull factors are responsible for urbanization. Settlement in MEDCs involves hope for a better life than the quality of living they already have, which isnt terrible to begin with. The lowest living standards can be found directly outside the CBD, where housing is crowded and old, but has been re-developed. There is no green space. The suburbs can be found further out from the CBD. The residence is of medium quality, there is a bit of green space, and services such as shopping malls can be found here, and not in the urban area. Personal transport is also common. The suburbs came to be after World War II, when communities wanted soldiers to come home to nice, peaceful, fairly spacious housing. Even further out is the country, where people have large property and homes. There are significant amounts of green space and a substantial feeling of independence. The country is often home to the old or retired population. Lima, Peru was founded in 1636. It was located right next to a major river, and close to the Pacific coast and the Port of Callao, a major point of transfer. For three centuries, Lima was the center of government, culture, and commerce. Peru declared its independence from Spain in 1821, and Lima later became the capital city. The first train line between Lima and Callao was built in 1851, and other roads that led out of the city made it easier for communities in the highlands to travel to the CBD for work. The development of Lima can be traced

to the construction of roads and rail lines around and out of the city. After World War II, thousands of people from various places around Peru moved to Lima every year, therefore the shanty communities were born. French industrialization began in the 1840s. Napoleon, the emperor at the time, chose Baron Haussmann to help with the project of modernizing the city. The first project arranged the streets symmetrically, dividing the city by economic class into 20 sections known as arrondissements. This division called for a new more efficient water and sewer system. The roads stretched from the center of the city in all directions to train stations spread around the city. The roads were also widened to hold the growing population. The buildings, though the height was still controlled, grew taller to house more of the increasing population. The construction of the metro began around 1900. Re-doing the apartments with more modern designs also gave them a lower cost. Urban Paris has significantly grown since then, with a population of over two million and a population density of about 20, 700 inhabitants per square kilometer. The rural area of Seine-et-Marne outside Paris has a population of about 1.25 million, and a population density of 215 inhabitants per square kilometer. Settlement in LEDCs and MEDCs has developed very differently over time. This is proven by Lima, Peru and Paris, France, and many other cities around the world that have grown in this pattern. The arrangement of the population in both kinds of countries is naturally sorted that way based on economic class, preference (in MEDC situations), work, and services provided in and around that area.

Bibliography
Haussmann's Paris. 29 August 2013 <http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/architecture/HaussmannsArchitectural-Paris.html >. History - Lima. 29 August 2013 <http://www.city-data.com/world-cities/LimaHistory.html >. Paris. 29 August 2013 <http://www.map-france.com/department-Paris/ >. Seine-et-Marne. 29 August 2013 <http://www.map-france.com/departmentSeine-et-Marne/ >.