BRITISH STANDARD

BS EN 50464-1:2007

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Three-phase oil-immersed distribution transformers 50 Hz, from 50 kVA to 2 500 kVA with highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 36 kV
Part 1: General requirements

The European Standard EN 50464-1:2007 has the status of a British Standard

ICS 29.180

12 &23<,1* :,7+287 %6, 3(50,66,21 (;&(37 $6 3(50,77(' %< &23<5,*+7 /$:

BS EN 50464-1:2007

National foreword
This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 50464-1:2007. It supersedes BS 7821-1:1995 and BS 7821-3:1995, which are withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/14, Power transformers. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.

This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2007

Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments

BSI 2007

ISBN 978 0 580 57448 1

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM

ICS 29.180

EN 50464-1
April 2007
Supersedes HD 428.1 S1:1992 + A1:1995 and HD 428.3 S1:1994

English version

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Three-phase oil-immersed distribution transformers 50 Hz, from 50 kVA to 2 500 kVA with highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 36 kV Part 1: General requirements

Transformateurs triphass de distribution immergs dans l'huile, 50 Hz, de 50 kVA 2 500 kVA, de tension la plus leve pour le matriel ne dpassant pas 36 kV Partie 1: Prescriptions gnrales

lgefllte Drehstrom-Verteilungstransformatoren 50 Hz, 50 kVA bis 2 500 kVA, mit einer hchsten Spannung fr Betriebsmittel bis 36 kV Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2006-12-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels
2007 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 50464-1:2007 E

EN 50464-1:2007

-2-

Foreword
This European Standard, prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 14, Power transformers was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50464-1 on 2006-12-01. This European Standard supersedes HD 428.1 S1:1992 + A1:1995 and HD 428.3 S1:1994. The following dates were fixed:

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn

(dop)

2007-12-01

(dow)

2011-12-01

The EN 50464 series consists of the following parts, under the general title Three-phase oil-immersed distribution transformers 50 Hz, from 50 kVA to 2 500 kVA with highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 36 kV: Part 1 Part 2-1 General requirements Distribution transformers with cable boxes on the high-voltage and/or low-voltage side General requirements Distribution transformers with cable boxes on the high-voltage and/or low-voltage side Cable boxes type 1 for use on distribution transformers meeting the requirements of EN 50464-2-1 Distribution transformers with cable boxes on the high-voltage and/or low-voltage side Cable boxes type 2 for use on distribution transformers meeting the requirements of EN 50464-2-1 Determination of the power rating of a transformer loaded with non-sinusoidal currents Requirements and tests concerning pressurised corrugated tanks __________

Part 2-2

Part 2-3

Part 3

Part 4

-3-

EN 50464-1:2007

Contents
1 2 3 Scope .............................................................................................................................. 4 Normative references ....................................................................................................... 4 Electrical characteristics ................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Rated power............................................................................................................ 4 3.2 Highest voltages for equipment for windings ............................................................. 5 3.3 Rated voltages of windings ...................................................................................... 5 3.4 Tapping .................................................................................................................. 5 3.5 Connections ............................................................................................................ 5 3.6 Dimensioning of neutral connection of the low-voltage winding .................................. 6 3.7 Short-circuit impedance ........................................................................................... 6 3.8 Losses and sound power level.................................................................................. 6 3.9 Tolerances and penalties ....................................................................................... 10 3.10 Tests .................................................................................................................... 10 3.11 Insulation levels and dielectric tests ....................................................................... 10 Design requirements ...................................................................................................... 10 4.1 Type of oil preservation system and degree of sealing ............................................. 4.2 Terminal markings ................................................................................................. 4.3 Terminations ......................................................................................................... 4.4 Distance between bushings.................................................................................... 4.5 Rollers .................................................................................................................. Accessories ................................................................................................................... 10 10 10 11 11 11

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

5 6

Efficiency and voltage drop (at reference temperature) ..................................................... 12

6.1 Efficiency .............................................................................................................. 12 6.2 Voltage drop ( u%) ............................................................................................... 13 Annex A (informative) Capitalisation evaluation..................................................................... 14 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 15 Tables Table 1 Connections for distribution transformers .................................................................. 5 Table 2 Load losses P k (W) at 75 C for U m 24 kV ............................................................... 7 24 kV ........................... 8 Table 3 No load losses P 0 (W) and sound power level ( L w (A) ) for U m

Table 4 Load losses P k36 (W) at 75 C for U m = 36 kV ............................................................ 9 Table 5 No load losses P 036 (W) and sound power level ( L w (A) ) for U m = 36 kV ....................... 9 Table 6 Accessories .......................................................................................................... 12

EN 50464-1:2007

-4-

Scope

This document covers transformers from 50 kVA to 2 500 kVA intended for operation in three-phase distribution networks, for indoor or outdoor continuous service, 50 Hz, immersed in mineral oil, natural cooling, with two windings: a primary (high-voltage) winding with a highest voltage for equipment from 3,6 kV to 36 kV; a secondary (low-voltage) winding with a highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 1,1 kV.
This document may be applied, either as a whole or in part, to transformers immersed in a synthetic insulating liquid.

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

NOTE 1

NOTE 2 This document may be applied, either as whole or in part, to transformers having windings with more than one rated voltage. In this case the rated power for each rated voltage shall be specified by the purchaser.

The object of this document is to lay down requirements related to electrical characteristics and design of three phases distribution transformers immersed in mineral oil.

Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 50216 EN 50464-2 series series Power transformer and reactor fittings Three-phase oil-immersed distribution transformers 50 Hz, from 50 kVA to 2500 kVA with highest voltage for equipment not exceeding 36 kV Power transformers (IEC 60076 series) Terminal and tapping markings for power transformers

EN 60076 IEC/TR 60616

series

3
3.1

Electrical characteristics
Rated power

The values of the rated power are 50 kVA 100 kVA 160 kVA 250 kVA 315 kVA 400 kVA 500 kVA 630 kVA 800 kVA 1 000 kVA 1 250 kVA 1 600 kVA 2 000 kVA 2 500 kVA. The underlined values are preferred.

-5-

EN 50464-1:2007

3.2

Highest voltages for equipment for windings

Insulation levels and dielectric tests shall be in accordance with the requirements of EN 60076-3. The values of the highest voltage for equipment are for the high-voltage winding: 3,6 kV 7,2 kV 12 kV 17,5 kV 24 kV 36 kV, for the low-voltage winding: 1,1 kV. 3.3 3.3.1 Rated voltages of windings For the high-voltage winding

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

The rated value of the high voltage winding is above 1,1 kV, up to and including 36 kV. 3.3.2 For the low-voltage winding

The rated voltage shall be chosen among the following preferred values: 400 V 410 V 415 V 420 V 433 V.
NOTE This document may be applied, either as a whole or in part, to transformers with rated low voltages below 400 V and above 433 V.

3.4

Tapping

The HV winding can be provided with tapping. The preferred tapping ranges are 2,5 % or 2 x 2,5 % unless otherwise specified ,but in any case maximum taps shall not exceed 7 positions and the total maximum range shall not exceed 15 %. The tapping range has to be specified by the purchaser or by agreement between manufacturer and purchaser. These taps shall be connected to an off-circuit tapping switch. 3.5 Connections

Connections shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Table 1. Table 1 Connections for distribution transformers Rated power kVA U m 24 kV U m = 36 kV 50 and 100 Y zn or D yn Y zn or D yn 160 D yn D yn

The clock hour figure shall be 5 or 11. Connection symbol Y zn 5 ; Y zn 11 ; D yn 5 ; D yn 11.

EN 50464-1:2007

-6-

Connections and clock figure shall be specified by the purchaser.

NOTE This document may be applied, either as a whole or in part, to transformers having connections other than those mentioned above.

3.6

Dimensioning of neutral connection of the low-voltage winding

The neutral conductor and terminal of the low-voltage winding shall be dimensioned for rated current and earth fault current, unless otherwise specified.

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

3.7

Short-circuit impedance

The preferred values of the short-circuit impedance at a reference temperature of 75 C are for rated voltage 24 kV (refer to Table 2), for rated voltage = 36 kV (refer to Table 4).

NOTE Other values of short-circuit impedance may be specified by the purchaser for particular system service conditions, e.g. in the case of parallel options.

3.8

Losses and sound power level

For transformers having listed values of rated power and preferred value of short-circuit impedance in accordance with 3.1 and 3.7, the values of losses and sound power levels are stated, for Um 24 kV, in Table 2 (load losses) and Table 3 (no load losses and sound power levels), for Um = 36 kV in Table 4 (load losses) and Table 5 (no load losses and sound power levels). The sound power levels given in Table 3 for Um 24 kV and in Table 5 for Um = 36 kV are the maximum admitted (no tolerance). Lower sound power levels can be specified by the purchaser. To choose the correct load losses (Table 2 or Table 4) and no load losses (Table 3 or Table 5) or when the loss values stated in the tables do not correspond to the actual evaluation of the energy cost, the transformers can be requested and offered with losses differing from the tabled losses; the capitalisation formula given in annex is applicable. 3.8.1 Load losses, no load losses and sound power level for Um 24 kV

In the following tables, column A values correspond to the lowest losses as commonly used in EU for electrical devices. Transformers can be requested and offered with LwA lower than the tabled values. A low noise series with no load losses Eo, Do, Co or Bo can be proposed with the LwA from the tabled values of Do, Co, Bo or Ao respectively.

-7-

EN 50464-1:2007

Table 2 Load losses Pk (W) at 75 C for Um Rated power kVA 50

24 kV Short circuit impedance %

Dk W 1 350 2 150 3 100 4 200 5 000 6 000 7 200 8 400 8 700 10 500 13 000 16 000 20 000 26 000 32 000

Ck W 1 100 1 750 2 350 3 250 3 900 4 600 5 500 6 500 6 750 8 400 10 500 13 500 17 000 21 000 26 500

Bk W 875 1 475 2 000 2 750 3 250 3 850 4 600 5 400 5 600 7 000 9 000 11 000 14 000 18 000 22 000

Ak W 750 1 250 1 700 2 350 2 800 3 250 3 900 4 600 4 800 6 000 7 600 9 500 12 000 15 000 18 500

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

100 160 250 315 400 500 630 630 800 1 000 1 250 1 600 2 000 2 500

EN 50464-1:2007

-8-

Table 3 No load losses P0 (W) and sound power level (Lw(A)) for Um

24 kV Short circuit impedance LwA dB(A) 39 41 44 47 49 50 51 52 52 53 55 56 58 60 63 6 4 %

Rated power P0 kVA W 190 320 460 650 770 930 1 100 1 300 1 200 1 400 1 700 2 100 2 600 3 100 3 500

E0

D0

C0

B0

A0

LwA dB(A) 55 59 62 65 67 68 69 70 70 71 73 74 76 78 81

P0 W 145 260 375 530 630 750 880 1 030 940 1 150 1 400 1 750 2 200 2 700 3 200

LwA dB(A) 50 54 57 60 61 63 64 65 65 66 68 69 71 73 76

P0 W 125 210 300 425 520 610 720 860 800 930 1 100 1 350 1 700 2 100 2 500

LwA dB(A) 47 49 52 55 57 58 59 60 60 61 63 64 66 68 71

P0 W 110 180 260 360 440 520 610 730 680 800 940 1 150 1 450 1 800 2 150

LwA dB(A) 42 44 47 50 52 53 54 55 55 56 58 59 61 63 66

P0 W 90 145 210 300 360 430 510 600 560 650 770 950 1 200 1 450 1 750

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

50 100 160 250 315 400 500 630 630 800 1 000 1 250 1 600 2 000 2 500
NOTE

P 0 = no load losses. L wA = sound power level.

3.8.2

Load losses, no load losses and sound power level for Um = 36 kV

Transformers can be requested and offered with LwA lower than the tabled values. A low noise series with no load losses C036, B036 can be proposed with the LwA from the tabled values of B036, A036, respectively.

-9-

EN 50464-1:2007

Table 4 Load losses Pk36 (W) at 75 C for Um = 36 kV Rated power kVA 50 100 Ck36 W 1 450 2 350 3 350 4 250 6 200 8 800 10 500 13 000 16 000 19 200 24 000 29 400 Bk36 W 1 250 1 950 2 550 3 500 4 900 6 500 8 400 10 500 13 500 17 000 21 000 26 500 Ak36 W 1 050 1 650 2 150 3 000 4 150 5 500 7 000 8 900 11 500 14 500 18 000 22 500 6 4 or 4,5 Short-circuit impedance %

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

160 250 400 630 800 1 000 1 250 1 600 2 000 2 500

Table 5 No load losses P036 (W) and sound power level (Lw(A) ) for Um = 36 kV Rated power P0 kVA 50 100 160 250 400 630 800 1 000 1 250 1 600 2 000 2 500
NOTE

C036 LwA dB(A) 52 56 59 62 65 67 68 68 70 71 73 76 P0 W 190 320 460 650 930

B036 LwA dB(A) 52 56 59 62 65 67 68 68 70 71 73 76 P0 W 160 270 390 550 790 1 100 1 300 1 450 1 750 2 200 2 700 3 200

A036 LwA dB(A) 50 54 57 60 63 65 66 67 68 69 71 73

Short-circuit impedance %

W 230 380 520 780 1 120 1 450 1 700 2 000 2 400 2 800 3 400 4 100

4 or 4,5

1 300 1 500 1 700 2 100 2 600 3 150 3 800

P 0 = no load losses. L wA = sound power level.

EN 50464-1:2007

- 10 -

3.9

Tolerances and penalties

Within the limits of tolerances (EN 60076-1) the application of penalties/bonus with regard to losses is left to the agreement between manufacturer and purchaser at the time of enquiry and order. 3.10 Tests 3.10.1 Routine tests

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

EN 60076-1 applies. 3.10.2 Type tests EN 60076-1 applies. 3.10.3 Special tests EN 60076-1 applies. 3.11 Insulation levels and dielectric tests Insulation levels and dielectric tests shall be in accordance with the requirements of EN 60076-3, as further detailed below. High-voltage winding The rated values of the short duration power frequency withstand voltage and of the lightning impulse withstand voltage are given by Table 2 of EN 60076-3, Series 1. Low-voltage winding According to Table 3 of EN 60076-3, for the normal insulation level, only a short duration power frequency withstand voltage equal to 3 kV, is specified.
NOTE The values for short duration power frequency withstand and/or for the lightning impulse withstand test between windings and earth are to be stated by the purchaser. The most usual values are respectively 10 kV and 30 kV.

4
4.1

Design requirements
Type of oil preservation system and degree of sealing

The type of oil preservation system and the degree of sealing shall be indicated in the enquiry and order (Table 6). 4.2 Terminal markings

Terminal markings should preferably be in accordance with IEC/TR 60616 unless otherwise specified. 4.3 Terminations

The terminations to be used can be of the following types: a) b) c) d) open type bushings; cable boxes (see 3.4.3); plug-in type bushings; LV busbars.

The requirements of the different types of terminations should be matter of separate HDs/ENs.

- 11 -

EN 50464-1:2007

4.4 4.4.1

Distance between bushings Distances between high-voltage oil-air bushings

The bushings clearance shall meet the requirements of EN 60076-3. For transformers with a highest voltage for equipment equal to 24 kV and lightning impulse 125 kV, the minimum distance between live parts shall be 210 mm and between the highest sheds 120 mm.

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

For transformers with a highest voltage for equipment equal to 36 kV, and lightning impulse 170 kV, the minimum distance between live parts shall be 280 mm and between the highest sheds 180 mm. However, shorter distances may be agreed, subject to confirmation by test or by service experience.
NOTE 1 If the user intends to make the connections to the transformer in a way which may reduce the clearances provided by the transformer itself, then this should be brought to attention in the enquiry (EN 60076-3). NOTE 2 When an oil-immersed transformer is specified for operation at an altitude higher than 1 000 m, clearances shall be designed accordingly. It may then be necessary to select bushings designed for higher insulation levels than those specified for the internal insulation of the transformer windings (EN 60076-3).

4.4.2

Preferred distance between centres of low-voltage bushings 70 mm 150 mm 165 mm

For currents up to 250 A For currents above 250 A and up to 2 000 A For currents above 2 000 A Cable boxes

4.4.3

For transformers in which the terminations are made in cable boxes, EN 50464-2 applies. 4.5 Rollers

When rollers are fitted, they shall comply with EN 50216-4.

Accessories

Accessories shall be in accordance with the appropriate Part of EN 50216. The type of oil preservation system and the degree of sealing shall be indicated in the enquiry and order. Transformers should normally be fitted with the accessories listed in Table 6. On request by the purchaser or recommended by the manufacturer, additional accessories may be fitted, for instance: arcing horns on H.V. porcelain bushings; gas and oil actuated relay for liquid immersed transformers with conservator (EN 50216-2); protective relay for hermetically sealed liquid immersed transformers without gas cushion (EN 50216-3);

EN 50464-1:2007

- 12 -

provision for pad-locking the off-circuit tap-changer; pulling eyes/lugs. Table 6 Accessories Accessories Free Breathing Gas cushion Conservator X X X X X X X X X X Hermetically sealed Gas cushion X X X
a

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Totally filled X X X
ab

Rating plate 2 earthing terminals Lifting lugs Oil level indicator Filling hole and plug Drain and sampling plug or valve Dehydrating breather Thermometer pocket (EN 50216-4)
a b

X X X X X
a

X
a

X
a

X X

If requested. An equivalent device may be provided.

6
6.1

Efficiency and voltage drop (at reference temperature)

Efficiency

The efficiency of a power transformer is given for any load condition by the ratio between the out power (P2) and the input power (P1).

= 100

P2 (%) P1

Because of the difficulty to determine the efficiency by direct measurements, it can be evaluated conventionally through the guaranteed or measured losses as follows.

& 2 Pcc + P0 $ = 100 $ 1 2 % S + Pcc + P0

where Pcc P0 S

# ! ! (%) "

= load loss at rated current and reference temperature; = no load loss at rated voltage and frequency; = rated power; = load factor (p.u.).

- 13 -

EN 50464-1:2007

6.2

Voltage drop ( u%)

The voltage drop for any load condition (secondary current and power factor) is given by the following relation:

u % = ( I 2 / I 2 n ) (R % cos 2 + X % sin 2 ) + (1 / 200 ) {(I 2 / I 2 n ) ( X % cos 2 R % sin 2 )}

where R% X% I2 I2n = load loss expressed in % of rated power; = reactive power expressed in % of rated power; = load secondary current (A); = secondary rated current (A);

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

(I2 / I2n) = load factor;

= phase angle between secondary voltage and current.

EN 50464-1:2007

- 14 -

Annex A (informative) Capitalisation evaluation

A transformer produces losses due to the magnetisation of the core (no load losses P0) and due to the current carrying windings (load losses Pk).

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

No load losses are generated whenever the transformer is energised and usually are considered for 8 760 h per year. They are independent of the load while load losses relate to the square of the current (Pk ~I). The sum of both losses represents a loss of energy translated into heat which has to be dissipated by the cooling system of the transformer. Since energy has a certain cost, it is important to be aware of the financial value of the losses generated during the lifetime of the transformer in addition to the initial purchase cost. The loading profile, the transformer losses and the energy cost should be taken into account in order to select the optimal no load losses and load losses. The losses tabled in this standard represent nowadays European practice. However, this evaluation may change over time and can be different in each country or for each user, depending on local investment or energy policies. Therefore, transformers can be requested or offered with no load losses and/or load losses different from those tabled in this standard to satisfy particular requirements. The sum of purchase cost and energy cost (load losses and no load losses) is called capitalised cost and represents an important part of the investment for the purchaser. This analysis may be done by using a capitalisation formula as follows:

C C = C T + A P0 + B PK
where CC CT A = capitalised cost; = purchase cost of transformer; = value indicated by the purchaser in the enquiry expressed in local currency per watt (e.g. /W) corresponding to no load losses; = guaranteed no load losses in watts; = value indicated by the purchaser in the enquiry expressed in local currency per watt (e.g. /W) corresponding to load losses; = guaranteed load losses in watts.

P0 B

Pk

- 15 -

EN 50464-1:2007

Bibliography
EN 50180 Bushings above 1 kV up to 36 kV and from 250 A to 3,15 kA for liquid filled transformers Plug-in type bushings above 1 kV up to 36 kV and from 250 A to 1,25 kA for equipment other than liquid filled transformers Bushings up to 1 kV and from 250 A to 5 kA, for liquid filled transformers Busbar bushings up to 1 kV and from 1,25 kA to 5 kA, for liquid filled transformers

EN 50181

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

EN 50386 EN 50387

BS EN 50464-1:2007

BSI British Standards Institution

BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.

Licensed Copy: :FULLNAME, : DATE, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400. BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards. Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001. Email: orders@bsi-global.com. Standards are also available from the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com. In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested. Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048. Email: info@bsi-global.com. Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001. Email: membership@bsi-global.com. Information regarding online access to British Standards via British Standards Online can be found at http://www.bsi-global.com/bsonline. Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com. Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission from BSI. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7553. Email: copyright@bsi-global.com.

BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL