PARTEA I

$35(&,(5($&$3$&,7

,,'(352'8&

,(

A ANI MALELOR DOMESTI CE

CUPRINS:
1.1.'HVFULHUHDH[WHULRUXOXLPDPLIHUHORULS V ULORUGRPHVWLFH
1.2.&XQRDWHUHDUDVHORUGHDQLPDOHLS V ULGRPHVWLFH
1.3.,QGLYLGXDOL]DUHDDQLPDOHORUGRPHVWLFHWHKQLFDPDUF ULL
1.4. Determinarea vrstei animalelor domestice
1.5.7HKQLFDGHH[HFX LHDP VXU WRULORUFRUSRUDOH
1.6.8UP ULUHDFUHWHULLSULQFkQW ULULLP VXU WRULSHULRGLFH
1.7.$SUHFLHUHDFUHWHULLFXDMXWRUXOLQGLFLORUFRUSRUDOL
1.8.,GHQWLILFDUHDSUDFWLF DGLIHULWHORUWLSXULGHFUHWHUHOa suine

2%,(&7,9(850

5,7(

FXQRDWHUHD L vQVXLUHD FDUDFWHUHORU GH H[WHULRU OD PDPLIHUH L S V UL GRPHVWLFH vQ YHGHUHD
UHFXQRDWHULLUDVHORULLPSOLFLWDGHVWLQD LHLORUSURGXFWLYHSUHFXPLDSUHFLHUHDYkUVWHL

FXQRDWHUHDPRGDOLW

IDPLOLDUL]DUHDFXWHKQLFDLXVWHQVLOHOHGHDSUHFLHUHDFUHWHULLDQLPDOHORU

FRQWLHQWL]DUHDUHOD LHLVSRUvQJUHXWDWH

LORUGHLQGLYLGXDOL]DUHL LQHUHDHYLGHQ HLDQLPDOHORUGLQIHUPH

retribuirea muncii prestate.

&89,17(

,

(;35(6,,

&+(,(

UHJLXQH

FRUSRUDO 

FODV 

VSHFLH

UDV 

PDUFDUH

LQGLYLGXDOL]DUH GH]YROWDUH FRUSRUDO  IRUPDW FRUSRUDO WLS PRUIRORJLF DUPRQLH GH DQGDPEOX
FRQIRUPD LD FRUSRUDO  FUHWHUH GH]YROWDUH HQHUJLH GH FUHWHUH YLWH]D FUHWHULL LQWHQVWLWDWHD
FUHWHULLFRHILFLHQWXOGHFUHWHUHL

ndice corporal, tip morfoproductiv.

REZUMAT:
Studiind caracterele morfologice exterioare ale animalelor se poate face aprecierea valorii
economice a acestora.
6WXGLXOH[WHULRUXOXLDUHFDDSOLFD LLSUDFWLFH

LGHQWLILFDUHDLQGLYLGXDOL]DUHDLGHWHUPLQDU

DSUHFLHUHDYkUVWHLJUDGXOXLGHGH]YROWDUHFRUSRUDO LDFRQIRUPD LHLFRUSRUDOH

VWDELOLUHDWLSXOXLGHSURGXF LHDDQLPDOHORU

FUHWHUHDDQLPDOHORUWLQHUH

DSUHFLHUHDUH]LVWHQ HLRUJDQLVPXOXLODEROLLODGHVFRSHULUHDXQRUGHIHFWHVDXEROL

ASUHFLHUHD DQLPDOHORU GXS

ea raselor;

 H[WHULRU VH IDFH vQ PRG FXUHQW vQ IHUPHOH GH VHOHF LH L

UHSURGXF LH FD R HWDS  REOLJDWRULH vQ FDGUXO WHKQRORJLHL GH DPHOLRUDUH L VXQW QHFHVDUH GRX 
H[DPHQH DQDOLWLF VWXGLXO DP QXQ LW DO PRGXOXL FXP VH SUH]LQW  ILHFDUH UHJLXQH FRUSRUDO  vQ
OHJ WXU FXFHOHODOWH L IXQF LRQDUHD vQWUHJXOXL RUJDQLVP L GHVLQWH]  H[DPLQDUHD vQ DQVDPEOX
vQOHJ WXU FXGH]YROWDUHDJHQHUDO 
8UP ULUHD SURFHVHORU GH FUHWHUH L GH]YROWDUH QH DMXW  V  LQWHUYHQLP SULQ IDFWRULL GH
PHGLX L V  FRUHFW P XQHOH GHILFLHQ H FDUH VH SRW LYL vQ SHULRDGD GH FUHWHUH SHULRDGD
LQWUDXWHULQ LSRVWXWHULQ ODPDPLIHUHVDXSHULRDGDHPEULRQDU LSRVWHPEULRQDU ODS V UL

Lucrarea nr. 1.1

DESCRIEREA EXTERIORULUI MAMIFERELOR
,3

5,/25'20(67,&(

3HQWUX H[DPLQDUHD UHJLXQLORU FRUSRUDOH FRUSXO DQLPDOXOXL VH vPSDUWH vQ SDWUX S U L FDS
JkWWUXQFKLLPHPEUHILJILJILJILJILJ

a) ED]DDQDWRPLF

Capul:

RDVHOHLPXFKLLFDSXOXL

EIRUPDWUXQFKLGHSLUDPLG ODWRDWHVSHFLLOH

c) regiuni: -ODH[WUHPLWDWHDDQWHULRDU UHJLXQHDERWXOXLQ ULORUJXULLLE UELLORU

-ODH[WUHPLWDWHDSRVWHULRDU UHJLXQHDFHIHLSDURWLGHLJkWOHMXOXL;
-SHID DVXSHULRDU UHJLXQHDIUXQ LLIH HLFRDUQHORU
-SHID DLQIHULRDU UHJLXQHDMJKHDEXOXLJRQDHORU
- SH IH HOH ODWHUDOH GUHDSWD VWkQJD UHJLXQHD XUHFKLORU WkPSOHORU
RFKLORULREUDMLORU

La cabaline: - UHJLXQHD IUXQ LL WUHEXLH V  ILH OXQJ  ODUJ  GUHDSW  L LQWHJU  I U 
cicatrice);
- OD DQLPDOHOH vQ YkUVW  VH DGkQFHVF UHJLXQHD QDVXOXL E UELHL JRQDHORU
MJKHDEXOXLXUHFKLORUWkPSOHLVROQL HLVLWXDWHGHDVXSUDRFKLORU

-UHJLXQHDRFKLXOXLWUHEXLHV ILHPDUHFXSXSLODPRELO ;
-Q ULOHWUHEXLHV ILHVXE LULPRELOHLOXQJLFDOXOUHVSLU

QXPDLSHQ UL

-PDVFXOXODUHFDSXOVFXUWODUJFXSLHOHDJURDV 
- IHPHODDUHFDSXOPDLOXQJPDLVXE LUHFXSLHOHDPDLILQ 
- OD UHJLXQHD IUXQ LL DSDU FRDUQHOH -40 cm L DX GLUHF LH RUL]RQWDO

La taurine:



YHUWLFDO VDXREOLF 

- XUHFKLOHVXQWPDULS URDVHLvQGUHSWDWHODWHUDO
- RFKLLVXQWPDULLPDLERPED LGHFkWODFDO
- ERWXOHVWHOLSVLWGHS ULDUSLHOHDFDUHvODFRSHU HVWHXPHG LUHFH
- gura are buzele groase;
- sub regiuneDMJKHDEXOXLVHIRUPHD] VDOEDSOLXOSLHLLFDUHVHFRQWLQX

L

SHPDUJLQHDLQIHULRDU DJkWXOXL

La ovine:

-ODXQHOHUDVHDSDUFRDUQHOHGUHSWHVSLUDO VIUHGHO

-XUHFKLOHDXIRUPHGLIHULWHvQIXQF LHGHUDV 
-Q ULOHVXQWODUJLELQHGHVFKLVH
- EX]HOHVXQWVXE LULPRELOHLILQH

La suine:

-ID DERWXOLSDUWHDDQWHULRDU
sunt asimetrice.

/DS

UL

FHORUGRX PD[LODUHIRUPHD] UkWXOEX]HOH

-J

LQD

-SHFUHWHWXOFDSXOXLSUH]LQW

FUHDVWDFDUHHVWHGLIHULW vQIXQF LHGHUDV 

LVH[

- cLRFXOGLIHU

FDIRUP P ULPHLFXORDUHvQIXQF LHGHUDV 

- curca: - FDSXO QX SUH]LQW

 FUHDVW  FL HVWH DFRSHULW FX R SLHOH JURDV  SH IUXQWH

GHDVXSUDFLRFXOXLDUHPR 

-UD D

-FLRFXOHVWHPDUHODWLGHFXORULGLIHULWHvQIXQF LHGHUDV

gsca:
Gtul1:

-DUHFDSXOXRUWXUWLWODWHUDO
ciocul este puternic.

DED]DDQDWRPLF YHUWHEUHOHFHUYLFDOHLPXFKLLGLQUHJLXQHDJkWXOXL
ESUH]LQW  GRX H[WUHPLW

L DQWHULRDU 

-GRX
-GRX

- se prinde de cap;
-SRVWHULRDU -vOOHDJ GHWUXQFKL

PDUJLQL VXSHULRDU

-LQIHULRDU

IH HODWHUDOH

La cabaline: -SHPDUJLQHDVXSHULRDU
La taurine:

VHDIO FRDPD

-SHPDUJLQHDLQIHULRDU SLHOHDGHSHJkWIRUPHD] VDOED

- OD WDXUL SH PDUJLQHD VXSHULRDU  D JkWXOXL VH J VHWH XQ GHSR]LW GH
JU VLPHQXPLWFHUELFH

La ovine:

-SLHOHDGHSHJkWSUH]LQW FXWHVXEIRUP
-SUH]LQW FXW ODFDSXOSLHSWXOXLRU 

La suine:

-VFXUWPXVFXORVLELQHOHJDWGHWUXQFKL

/DS

UL

GHFUDYDWH0HULQRV

-J LQL-GUHSWDUFXLWLDFRSHULWVDXQXFXSHQH
- FXUF  - H[WUHPLWDWHD VXSHULRDU  HVWH JROD  SH HD J

VLQGX VH IRUPD LXQL

FDQLWHP UJHOH

- la partea infHULRDU
Trunchiul :

DJkWXOXLVHDIO JXD

DED]DDQDWRPLF  FRORDQDYHUWHEUDO

EDOF

- sternul
- oasele bazinului
- musculatura.
WXLUH -GRX IH HODWHUDOH-UHJLXQLOHFRDVWHORUIODQFXOXLLLHL
-RID VXSHULRDU - regiunile greb QXOXLVSLQ ULLDOHORULDFUXSHL
- R ID  LQIHULRDU  - UHJLXQLOH WUHFHULL FKLQJLL DEGRPHQXOXL L
LQJYLQDO 

- GRX

 H[WUHPLW

L

- DQWHULRDU

 FX UHJLXQLOH SLHSWXOXL VXEVXRULORU

LQWHUVXEVXRULORULFXWLHLWRUDFLFH

- SRVWHULRDU

 FX UHJLXQLOH FR]L

i, anusului, vulvei,

WHVWLFXOHORULSHULQHDO 

Membrele:

1$WDDUHDFDSXOXLFXJkWXOWUHEXLHV

anterioare
- spata
-XP UXO
-EUD XO
-DQWHEUD XO
- cotul
- genunchiul
- fluierul
- buletul (glezna)
-FKLL D
- coroana
- unghiile (copite)

posterioare
- coapsa
- fesa
- grasetul
- gamba
- jaretul
- fluierul
- buletul
-FKLL D
- coroana
- copita

VHIDF SHQHVLP LWH&RQVWLWXLHGHIHFWHFDSXOGHVFXVXWvQWUHFDSLJkWH[LVW R

VFRELWXU  SURQXQ DW  FDSXO SODFDW ORFXO GH GHOLPLWDUH HVWH SUHD OLQ FDS JURVRODQ FDS PDUH SLHOH JURDV  S U
JURVFDSGHWLXF SURILOSUHDFRQFDYFDSEHUEHFDWSURILOSUHDFRQYH[

Fig. 1.1. Regiunile corporale la cabaline :

1 UHJIUXQ LLUHJIH LL reg. vrfului nasului; 4 UHJE UELHLUHJJRQDHORU reg. ochiului; 7 reg.
obrazului; 8 reg. gurii; 9 UHJVROQL HL reg. tmplei; 11 reg. urechii; 12 reg. cefei; 13 UHJSDURWLGLDQ 
14 reg. gtlejului; 15 reg. gtului; 16 UHJJUHDE QXOXLUHJVSLQ ULLUHJDOHORU reg. crupei;
20 reg. trecerii chingii; 21 UHJDEGRPLQDO UHJFRVWDO  reg. flancului; 24 UHJROGXOXL reg.
pieptului; 26 reg. cozii; 27 reg. spetei; 28 UHJEUD XOXLUHJDQWHEUD XOXL reg. genunchiului; 31 reg.
fluierului; 32 reg. tendonului; 33 reg. gleznei; 34 UHJFKLL HL reg. coroanei; 36 reg. copitei; 37 reg.
coapsei; 38 reg. fesei; 39 reg. gambei; 40 UHJMDUHWXOXL3RSHVFX*KL&KLULDF*K

Fig. 1.2. Regiunile corporale la taurine :

1-UHJIUXQ LL; 2-UHJIH HL-reg. oglinzii (botului); 4-reg. obrazului; 5-reg. ochiului; 6-reg. tmplei; 7-coarnele;
8-reg. urechii; 9- reg. gurii (subregiunea buzelor); 10-reg. cefei; 11-UHJSDURWLGLDQ -reg. gtului; 13-reg.
JUHDE QXOXL-UHJVSLQ ULL-re JDOHORU-reg. crupei; 17-UHJDEGRPLQDO -reg. pieptului; 19-reg. cozii;
20-UHJFRVWDO -reg. flancului; 22-UHJROGXOXL-reg. spetei; 24-UHJEUD XOXL-UHJDQWHEUD XOXL-reg.
genunchiului; 27-reg. fluierului; 28-reg. gleznei; 29-rHJFKLL HL-reg. coroanei; 31-reg.copitei (ongloanelor);
32-reg. coapsei; 33-reg. fesei; 34-reg. gambei; 35-reg. jaretului; 36-UHJWHVWLFXODU 3RSHVFX*K&KLULDF*K

15

Fig, 1.3. Regiunile corporale la porcine:

1-fruntea; 2-ID D- botul; 4-obrazul; 5-urechea; 6-ochiul; 7-gtul; 8-JUHDE QXO-spinarea; 10-DOHOH-crupa;
12-UHJDEGRPLQDO -UHJFRVWDO -flancul;15-ROGXO-pieptul; 17-coada; 18-reg. spetei; 19-UHJEUD XOXL
20-UHJDQWHEUD XOXL-genunchiul; 22-fluierul; 23-glezna; 24-UHJFKLL HL-reg. coroanei; 26-copitele; 27coapsa; 28-reg. fesei; 29-UHJWHVWLFXODU -gamba; 31-jaretul; 32-fluierul (Popescu Gh. , Lungu S. , 1993).

Fig. 1.4. Regiunile corporale la ovine:

1cap; 2gt; 3UHJJUHDE QXOXLreJVSLQ ULL-UHJDOHORU-reg. crupei; 7-UHJDEGRPLQDO -UHJFRVWDO reg. flancului; 10-UHJROGXOXL-reg. pieptului; 12-reg. cozii; 13-reg. spetei; 14-UHJEUD XOXL-UHJDQWHEUD XOXL
16-reg. genunchiului; 17-reg. fluierului; 18-reg. gleznei; 19-UHJFKLL HL-reg. coroanei; 21-reg. copitei
(ongloanelor); 22-reg. coapsei; 23-reg. fesei; 24-reg. gambei; 25-reg. jaretului; 26-UHJWHVWLFXODU 
5XVX6LFRODE

)LJ5HJLXQLOHFRUSRUDOHODFRFR

1- frunte; 2-FUHWHWXO capului; 3-ceafa; 4-creasta; 5-E UEL D-sprnceana; 7-obraz; 8-ureche; 9-XUHFKLXH-cioc;
11-gt; 12-ochi; 13-capul pieptului; 14-piept propriu-zis; 15-abdomen; 16-FRDG -spinare; 18- vrful aripii;
19-coapsa; 20-gamba; 21-F OFkL-fluier; 23-pinten; 24-degetul I; 25-degetul II; 26-degetul III; 27-degetul IV;
28-ODQ HWHGHFUXSLRQ-remige; 30-seceri mari; 31-seceri mici; 32-UHFWULFH5XVX6LFRODE

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGLYLGXDO

6 VHGHOLPLWH]HUHJLXQLOHFRUSRUDOHSHPXODMHOHGLQODERUDWRULDQLPDOHOHGLQIHUP 

Lucrarea nr. 1.2

&812$7(5($5$6(/25'($1,0$/(
,3

5,'20(67,&(

D&ODVD0$0,)(5(VSHFLLLUDVH

1) Bovine (taurine): - rase locale: - primitive -0RF QL DYDFDGHPXQWH

-6XUDGHVWHS
- ameliorate - mixte -% O DW URPkQHDVF 
-%UXQ
- Pinzgau de Transilvania
- pentru lapte 5RLH'REURJHDQ
- rase importate: - pentru lapte -)UL] 
-5RLHGDQH] 
- Jersey
- mixte - Simmental
- Schwyz
- Pinzgau
- pentru carne - Charolaise
- Hereford
- Aberdeen Angus
- Santa-Gertruda
2) Ovine, caprine:- ovine : - rase locale: -SHQWUXOkQ -FXOkQ

ILQ 

- Merinos de Palas

-0HULQRVWUDQVLOY
- SSDQF
VHPLILQ - LJDLH
JURDV - XUFDQ

-FXOkQ
-FXOkQ
- pentru lapte )UL]
- pentru pielicele - Karakul
- rase importate -FXOkQ ILQ - Merinos de Stavropol
- Merinos australian
- rase mixte - Romney-Marsch
- le de France
- caprine : - pentru lapte -Sannen
-$OE GH%DQDW
-SHQWUXOkQ - Angora
- pentru puf &DPLU
- rase mixte &DUSDWLQ
3) Porcine (suine): - rase locale: - Stocli
- Porcul romnesc de carne
- Bazna
- Negru de strei
-0DQJDOL D
- rase importate - Marele Alb
- Landrace
- Marele Negru
- Berk
- Pietrain
- Duroc
- Hampshire

QHDQ

4) (FYLQHFDEDOLQHP

5) Mamifere mici:
SHQWUXEODQ : - rR]

JDUXO

WRDUH

: - cabaline -UDVHFXOWXUDOHSHUIHF LRQDWHLDPHOLRUDWH

-UDVHXRDUH- Arab
- Pur snge englez
- rase mixte - Gidran
-7U SDXO5RPkQHVF
- Nonius
-/LSL DQ
- Furioso-North-Star
- rase grele - Ardenez
- rase locale -+X XO
-5RPkQHVFGHHV
- Romnesc de munte
-UDVHLWLSXULvQIRUPDUH- Sport romnesc
- Semigreu romnesc
-ORFDOLDPHOLRUD L
- LHSXUHOHGHFDV : -SHQWUXEODQ

-SHQWUXS

U

LFDUQH 8ULDXO%HOJLDQ

-8ULDXO$OE
- Berbec
- Fluture

- Angora

- nutria
- carnivore: - vulpea argintie
- QXUFDHXURSHDQ
E&ODVD3

5,*

LQDGRPHVWLF

VSHFLLLUDVH

-UDVHXRDUH- Leghorn
- rase grele - Cochinchina
- Brahma
- Cornish
-SHQWUXSURGXF LLPL[WH- Rhode-Island
- Plymouth-Rock
- Sussex
-*kWJRODGH7UDQVLOYDQLD

2) *kVFDGRPHVWLF
3) 5D DGRPHVWLF LOHHDVF
4) &XUFDGRPHVWLF
5) Bibilica
6) Porumbelul
F&ODVD3(7,FXVSHFLLOH

crapul
2) S VWU YXO
3) sturioni (cega, morunul, nisetrul)

d) Clasa INSECTE, cu speciile:

1) YLHUPHOHGHP WDVH - Bombyx moriKU QLWFXIUXQ]HGHGXG
- Antheraea pernyKU QLWFXIUXQ] GHVWHMDU
- Philosamia riciniKU QLWFXIUXQ] GHULFLQ
2) albina
Sarcini pentru muncaLQGLYLGXDO

6 VHUHFXQRDVF LV VHGHVFULHUDVHOHSUH]HQWDWHSHSODQHvQODERUDWRULFHOHGLQIHUPD

SURSULHVDXFHDYL]LWDW 

Lucrarea nr. 1.3

INDIVIDUALIZAREA ANIMALELOR DOMESTICE
7HKQLFDPDUF ULL

Prin marcare VH vQ HOHJH vQVHPQDUHD DQLPDOHORU SUintr-XQ DQXPLW SURFHGHX L VHPQH
FRQYHQ LRQDOHSHQWUXFDHOHV SRDW ILXRUGHRVHELWHV SRDW ILLGHQWLILFDWHRULFkQG
0DUFDUHD UHSUH]LQW  SULPD RSHUD LH FDUH VH H[HFXW  vQ OXFU ULOH GH VHOHF LH G 
SRVLELOLWDWHDXUP ULULLDQLPDOXOXLWRWWLPSXOYLH LL

(VWHQHFHVDU SHQWUXXUP ULUHDLFRQWUROXOSURGXF LLORUSHQWUXFHUFHW ULWLLQ LILFH

Sistemele de marcare sunt individuale sau de grup. Sistemul de marcare folosit este
GHWHUPLQDWGHVSHFLHYkUVW UDV LVFRSXOXUP ULWvQH[SORDWDUH

Marcarea trebuLHV
-

vQGHSOLQHDVF PDLPXOWHFRQGL LL

V VHDSOLFHXRU
PDUFDV ILHGXUDELO V QXSRDW ILvQORFXLW VDXIDOVLILFDW 
V SRDW ILDSOLFDW ODRYkUVW WLPSXULHGHODQDWHUH
V SRDW ILFLWLW XRU
V QXGHSUHFLH]HH[WHULRUXODQLPDOXOXLVDXV
V ILHGHGXUDW SHWRDW YLD D

P

-iPLFRUH]HYDORDUHD]RRWHKQLF

UFLGHOXQJ GXUDW VDXSHUPDQHQWH

0DUFDUHDSRDWHILGHVFXUW GXUDW SURYL]RULHLGHOXQJ GXUDW 

0DUFDUHDGHVFXUW

GXUDW

se face prin procedeele:

OHJDUHD XQHL SO FX H URQGHOH HWF OD JkW VDX vQ S UXO GLQ PR  FRDG  FRDP  VH DSOLF  OD

cabaline);
-

VHPQHI FXWHSULQWXQGHUHDS UXOXLvQDQXPLWHUHJLXQLFRUSRUDOH

DSOLFDUHDGHVXEVWDQ HFRORUDWHSHS UVDXOkQ 
DH]DUHDRX ORUSXVHODLQFXEDWvQV FXOH HQXPHURWDWHVDXvQFXWLLF

ompartimentate (n

YHGHUHDFXQRDWHULLRULJLQLLSXLORU
0DUFDUHDGHOXQJ

GXUDW

VHH[HFXW SULQSURFHGHHOH

retezarea vrfului urechii (taurine, ovine, porcine);

SURGXFHUHD FLFDWULFHORU SH SLHOHD DQLPDOXOXL VXE GLIHULWH IRUPH SULQ IRORVLUHD VXEVWDQ HOR
FDXVWLFH]JkULHWXULVDXW LHWXUL
,QVWUXPHQWDUXOQHFHVDUDFHVWRURSHUD LLHVWHSUH]HQWDWvQILJXUD

Fig.1.6. Instrumentar pentru marcare :

1-FOHWHWDWXDM-butoni; 3-FOHWHSHQWUXDSOLFDWEXWRQL-FOHWHSHQWUXFUHVW

Marcarea diferitelor specii de animale

WXUL

Taurine:
a)

PDUFDUHD SURYL]RULH SO FX H OD JkW WXQGHUHD S UXOXL DSOLFDUHD YRSVHOHL SH S U vQ GLIHULWH

regiuni;
b)

PDUFDUHD SHUPDQHQW  UHWH]DUHD YkUIXOXL XUHFKLL SURGXFHUHD GH FLFDWULFH IRORVLQG VXEVWDQ H

chimice sau metode fizice zgrieturi), nfierarea (pe piele, ongloane sau coarne), preducit,
WDWXDMHvQUHJLXQHDXUHFKLLLDSOLFDUHDP UFLORUGHWLSFURWDOLLVDXEXWRQL

Cabaline:
a)
b)

PDUFDUHDSURYL]RULHSO FX HODJkWPR FRDP WXQGHUHDS UXOXL

PDUFDUHD SHUPDQHQW  DSOLFDUHD GDQJHORU vQILHUDUHD SH FRSLW  WDWXDUH SH EX]D LQIHULRDU 
DSOLFDUHDEXWRQLORUFXXUXE

Ovine:
a)
b)

PDUFDUHDSURYL]RULHIRORVLUHDSO FX HORUODJkWLDVXEVWDQ HORUFRORUDWH

PDUFDUHDSHUPDQHQW UHWH]DUHDYkUIXOXLXUHFKLLvQILHUDUHDSHFRDUQHSUHGXFLUHD

att pentru

PDUFDUHDLQGLYLGXDO FkWLGHJUXSWDWXDUHDDSOLFDUHDP UFLORUPHWDOLFHFURWDOLLLEXWRQL

Porcine (fig.1.7):
a)
b)

PDUFDUHDSURYL]RULHDSOLFDUHDVXEVWDQ HORUFRORUDQWH
PDUFDUHD SHUPDQHQW  SUHGXFLUHD WDWXDMXO OD UDVHOH QHSLJPHQWDWH DSOLFDUHD P UFLORU vQ

special butoni).

nr. de serie

nr. de ordine

XUHFKHDGUHDSW

Fig. 1.7. Marcarea porcilor:

A Marcarea cu butoni ; B 0DUFDUHDSULQFUHVW

XUHFKHDVWkQJ

WXULLSUHGXFLUL

'LQX0L6HYDVWLD2SUHVFX

UL

a) PDUFDUHDSURYL]RULHDH]DUHDRX ORUvQV
b) marcaUHD SHUPDQHQW  LQHOH OD SLFLRU
perforarea membranei interdigitale.

FXOH HQXPHURWDWH
P UFL SH DULS  WDWXDUHD PHPEUDQHL EUDKLDO  L

Albine:
a)

PDUFDUHDP WFLORUSULQ

-DSOLFDUHDVXEVWDQ HORUFRORUDWHSHWRUDFH
-IRORVLUHDIRL HORUGHVWDQLROSHWRUace.

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGLYLGXDO

6 VHLGHQWLILFHDQLPDOHOHGLQIHUPDYL]LWDW GXS PDUFDMH

Lucrarea nr. 1.4

DETERMINAREA VRSTEI ANIMALELOR DOMESTICE
&XQRDWHUHD YkUVWHL SUH]LQW  R PDUH vQVHPQ WDWH SHQWUX FUHVF WRUXO GH DQLPDOH ILLQG
QHFHVDU  vQ GHWHUPLQDUHD YDORULL HFRQRPLFH vQ SURFHVXO GH H[SORDWDUH SHQWUX VWDELOLUHD XQRU
QRUPHGHvQWUH LQHUHGHIRORVLUHODUHSURGXF LHHWF
%RYLQHOHFDEDOLQHOHLRYLQHOHvQID]DGHWLQHUHWVXQWSURSRU LRQDOPDLvQDOWH

pe picioare,

DX WUXQFKLXO PDL VFXUW PDL VWUkPW L PDL SX LQ DGkQF 2 GDW  FX vQDLQWDUHD vQ YkUVW  DFHVWH
SURSRU LLVHPRGLILF SkQ DMXQJODFHOHFDUDFWHULVWLFHDGXO LORU
3RUFLLWLQHULSkQ ODDQLDXFRUSXO]YHOWDOXQJLWVXSOXFXOLQLDVSLQ ULLGUHDSW SLHOHD
vQWLQV  S UXO ILQ L OXFLRV PHUVXO YLRL HWF 9LHULL WLQHUL DX WHVWLFROHOH QRUPDO GH]YROWDWH L ELQH
VXV LQXWHvQEXUVDWHVWLFXODU DFRSHULWHFXSLHOHILQ I U FXWH
3RUFLL E WUkQL DX FRUSXO JUHRL DEGRPHQXO O VDW OLQLD VSLQ ULL O VDW  PDL DOHV VFURDIHOH
PXOWLSDUH SLHOHD SUH]LQW  GHVHRUL FXWH SH UHJLXQHD IODQFXOXL S UXO HVWH PDL DEXQGHQW L IRUPDW
FX ILEUHPDL JURDVH 9LHULL E WUkQLDX WHVWLFROHOHPDULDWkUQkQGH FX SLHOHD vQFUH LW  PHUVXO HVWH

mai greoi.
Criterii de determinare a vrstei animalelor
1.Culoarea
- /D FDEDOLQH FXORDUHD OD QDWHUH HVWH QHDJU  FX vQVSLF

WXUL DOEH SH SDUFXUV DFHVWHD VH

VFKLPE DVWIHOF vQID]DGHDGXOWFXORDUHDGHYLQHDOE 

/D RLOH GLQ UDVHOH

XUFDQ  L .DUDNXO QHJUH OD QDWHUH PLHLL DX FXORDUHD QHDJU  DSRL FX

vQDLQWDUHD vQ YkUVW DUH ORF R GLOXDUH DFXORULL QHJUH DMXQJkQG FD OD DGXOW FXORDUHD V  GHYLQ 
FHQXLX URFDW

*UDGXOGHFUHWHUHDFRDUQHORU
/D YL HO FRDUQHOH LHV OD VXSUDID D SLHOLL OD YkUVWD GH GRX  OXQL L FUHVF DSRL FX FLUFD XQ

ceQWLPHWUXSHOXQ

/D WDXULQHOH DGXOWH VH UHPDUF  OD VXSUDID D FRDUQHORU vQFHSkQG GH OD ED]  QLWH LQHOH
SHQWUX D VWDELOL YkUVWD VH QXP U  LQHOHOH GH SH FRUQ FDUH ILHFDUH FRUHVSXQGH FX XQ DQ
DG XJkQGX VHODFLIUDRE LQXW vQF WUHLDQL

Prin nsumareDDFHVWRUFLIUHVHGHWHUPLQ

YkUVWDDSUR[LPDWLY DDQLPDOXOXLUHVSHFWLY

$VSHFWXOLHYROX LDGLQ LORU

$QLPDOHOH vQ HYROX LD ORU SUH]LQW  GRX  FDWHJRULL GH GLQ L GHQWL LH GH ODSWH XUPDW  GH
GHQWL LH SHUPDQHQW  ,PSRUWDQWH LQIRUPD LL VXQW IXUQL]DWH L GH P ULPHD OXQJLPHD DVSHFWXO
IRUPDGLQ LORUFDUHGLIHU GXS VSHFLHLODILHFDUHVSHFLHGXS YkUVW 
'HQWL LDXQXLDQLPDOHVWHIRUPDW GLQWUHLIHOXULGHGLQ Lincisivi FDUHGDXLQGLFD LLOHFHOH
mai apropiate de stabilirea vrstei), canini sau FRO LLmolari sauP VHOH.
- /D FDEDOLQH DUP VDULL L FDLL DGXO L DX XQ QXP U GH  GLQ L LDU LHSHOH  OLSVLQGX-le cei
SDWUXFDQLQL,QFLVLYLLVXQWGHGRX IHOXULde lapteF ] WRULLSHUPDQHQ L (tabelul 1.1).
- /DWDXULQHDWkWPDVFXOLLFkWLIHPHOHOHDXGLQ LWDEHOXO
,QFLVLYLLDXIRUP GHORSDW VHJ VHVFQXPDLSHPD[LODUXOLQIHULRULVHQXPHVFDVWIHOSULPLLGRL

din mijloc FOHWL GH R SDUWH L GH DOWD D ORU SULPLL PLMORFDL GH R SDUWH L GH DOWD D SULPLORU
PLMORFDLsecunzii mijloFDLLDSRLO WXUDLL (figura 1.8).
- /DRYLQHVLFDSULQHGHQWL LDHVWHDVHP Q WRDUHFXFHDDWDXULQHORUDYkQGWRWGLQ LGDUPDL
mici.
9kUVWDODSRUFLQHGXS GHQWL LHHVWHSUH]HQWDW vQWDEHOXO

Tabelul 1.1
0RGLILF

ULOHFDUHVHSURGXFODLQFLVLYLGXS

FDUHVHGHWHUPLQ

YkUVWDODFDEDOLQH

3RSHVFX*KL/XQJX6
)HOXOGLQ LORU

Maxilarul pe
care se
produce
modificarea
Denumirea
incisivilor

pe ambele maxilare

0LMORFDL
/ WXUDL

FUHVFX L

WRFL L

complet

(dispare

DMXQLOD

PLXQD

cad

0RGLILF UL

&OHWL

3HUPDQHQ L

De lapte

nivel)
3 ani
4 ani
5 ani

2,5 ani
3,5 ani
4,5 ani

6 ani
7 ani
8 ani

pe maxilarul inferior

apare
steaua
lui
Girard
8 ani
9 ani
10 ani

pe maxilarul superior

QLYHOD L

FUHVFX L

WRFL L

SUH]HQ D

QLYHOD L

(dispare
fundul de

complet

(dispare

DMXQLOD

PLXQD

cozii de
rndu-

(dispare
fundul de

nivel)
3 ani
4 ani
5 ani

9 ani
10 ani
11 ani

PLXQ 

13 ani
14 ani
15 ani

QLF

PLXQ 

7-9 ani
11-13ani

18 ani

Tabelul 1.2
'HWHUPLQDUHDYkUVWHLGXS

PRGLILFDUHDGHQWL LHLODWDXULQH

3RSHVFX*KL/XQJX6
)HOXOGLQ LORU

3HUPDQHQ L

De lapte
FUHVFX L

complet

ncepe
tocirea

GXUHD] 

2 ani

5 ani

3 ani

3 ani

5 ani

3,5 ani

4 ani

4 ani

5 ani

9 ani

4,5 ani

5 ani

5 ani

5 ani

10 ani

Denumirea
incisivilor
CleWL
Primii
PLMORFDL

Secunzii
PLMORFDL
/ WXUDL

cad

DMXQLOD

1,5 ani

nivel)
2 ani

2,5 ani

tocirea

QLYHOD L

7 ani
8 ani

Tabelul 1.3
'HQWL LDSRUFLQHORU
'LQX0L6HYDVWLD2SUHVFX

DiQ LL
la

3
luni

12-13
luni

12-15
luni

17-18
luni

2 mijl.
inf.

2 mijl.
sup.

se sch.
FOHWLL

se sch.
premol.

se sch.
mijl.

4 mol.

28

20

16

20

24

36

44

36

40

40

40

44

(categ.)

QDW

Incisivi

O WXUDL

FOHWL

0 VHOH

12 premolari

4 mol.

&RO L

24

26

28

0 VHDXD

de lup
'LQ LGH

lapte

OXQ

VRSTA
6
luni

2
luni

9
luni
se
VFKLPE 
O WXUDLL

4 mol.
se sch.
FRO LL

'LQ L

permaQHQ L

Total

4. Greutatea vie la diferite rase de porci

Rasa
Marele
Alb
Landrace
Bazna
0DQJDOL D

Vrsta
(ani)
11/2
2
11/2
2
11/2
2
11/2
2

Vieri

Scroafe

min. (kg) max.

min. (kg) max.

155
286
180
240
123
153
126
162

205
136
205
270
149
185
155
190

127
147
158
200
91
105
109
132

185
216
197
240
137
153
139
162

)LJ'HQWL LDWDXULQHORU
3RSHVFX*KL/XQJX6

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGHSHQGHQW

6 VHGHWHUPLQHYkUVWDDQLPDOHORUGLQIHUPDYL]LWDW GXS FXORDUHFRDUQHLGHQWL LH

Lucrarea nr. 1.5

7(+1,&$'((;(&8

,($0

685

725,/25&25325$/(

1. 'H]YROWDUHDFRUSRUDO VHDSUHFLD] FXRFKLXOOLEHU- greutatea animalului.

2. Formatul corporal LQH VHDPD GH GRX  GLPHQVLXQL vQ O LPHD OD JUHDE Q L OXQJLPHD
trunchiului (fig. 1.9).
De exemplu: - format nalt - Pur Snge de Galop;
- format dreptunghiular -WDXULQHRYLQHLSRUFLQHGHFDUQH
-IRUPDWS WUDW- calul arab.

A
C
Fig 1.9. Tipuri de format corporal:
A - format corporal nalt;B -IRUPDWFRUSRUDOS WUDW&- format corporal dreptunghiular
3RSHVFX*K,/XQJX63).

3.Tipul morfologic DUHvQYHGHUHGLPHQVLXQLOHGHOXQJLPLLO

- dolicomorf -OXQJLvQJXVW
- mezomorf -SRWULYLWGHOXQJLvQJXVW
- brevimorf -VFXUWLODUJ

UJLPLILJXUD

C
Fig. 1.10. Tipurile morfologice:
A - tipul brevimorf; B - tipul mezomorf; C - tipul dolicomorf.

4. Armonia de ansamblu HVWH GDW

 GH SURSRU LRQDOLWDWHD GLIHULWHORU UHJLXQL L vPELQDUHD

DUPRQLRDV DDFHVWRUD

Ansamblul corporal sau FRQIRUPD LDFRUSRUDO FDLIRUPDWXOFRUSRUDOYDULD] vQUDSRUW

cu tipul producWLY DO DQLPDOHORU DVWIHO vQFkW R FDUDFWHULVWLF  GH DQVDPEOXFDUH SRDWH FRQVWLWXL R
IUXPXVH HSHQWUXRUDV SRDWHILXQGHIHFWSHQWUXDOWD
QH[DPLQDUHDDUPRQLHLGHDQVDPEOXRGHRVHELW LPSRUWDQ

SUH]LQW VWXGLXOSURSRU LLORU

FDUHVHED]HD] SHGDWHOHIXUQL]DWHGHP VXU WRULILJXULOHL

)LJ0

AvQ

O LPLOXQJLPLSHULPHWUH

VXU

WRULOHSULQFLSDOHODWDXULQH

vQ O ODJUHDE Q
vQ O ODVSLQDUH
vQ O ODFUXS 
vQ O ODED]D
cozii; 5,5'-lung. trunchiului; 6,6'-perimetrul toracic; 6'',6''-perimetrul fluierului;
BO UJLPL
O UJSLHSW
O UJWRUDFHOXL
O UJFUXSHLODROGXUL
O UJFUXSHLODDUWFR[RIHPXUDOH
11,11'O UJFUXSHLODLVFKLL= YRL,LFRODE

)LJ0

11-vQ

VXU

WRULOHFRUSRUDOHODSRUF

O LPHDODJUHDE Q vQ O LPHDODVSLQDUH vQ O LPHDODFUXS 

55-SHULPHWUXOWRUDFLF5XVX6LFRODE

-lungimea trunchiului;

QSUDFWLF SHQWUXVWXGLXOSURSRU LLORUFDUHWUHEXLHV H[LVWHvQGLIHULWHOHS U LFRQVWUXFWLYH

DOH FRUSXOXL DQLPDOHORU VH DSUHFLD]  UDSRUWXULOH GH vQ O LPH UDSRUWXULOH GH OXQJLPH UDSRUWXULOH
GHO UJLPHLUDSRUWXULOHGHDQVDPEOX
QWUXFkW DUPRQLD GH DQVDPEOX D DQLPDOHORU HVWH vQ VWUkQV  OHJ WXU  FX YkUVWD ORU HVWH

neceVDUFDODDQLPDOHOHvQFUHWHUHV

VHIDF VHSDUDWRDQDOL] DDFHVWRUUDSRUWXUL

0 VXU WRULOHFRUSRUDOHVHIDFFX]RRPHWUXOILJDDFXPVHSUH]LQW vQILJXUD

Fig. 1.13. Zoometrul

)LJ([HFXWDUHDP

VXU

WRULORUFRUSRUDOH

PeULPHWUXOWRUDFLFVHP

VRDU FXSHOYLPHWUXOILJVDXSDQJOLFDILJ

Fig.1.15. Pelvimetrul

)LJ0

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGLYLGXDO

VXUDUHSHULPHWUXOXLWRUDFLFFXSDQJOLFD

6 VHGHWHUPLQHGH]YROWDUHDLIRUPDWXOFRUSRUDODODQLPDOHORUGXS P VXU WRUL

Lucrarea nr.1.6
850

5,5($&5(7(5,,35,1&17
,0

a)

(QHUJLD

GH

FUHWHUH

685

5,5,

725,3(5,2',&(

UHSUH]LQW 

SRWHQ LDOLWDWHD

GH

FUHWHUH

D

XQXL

RUJDQLVP

SRVLELOLWDWHDGHDUHDOL]DRDQXPLW JUHXWDWHLDQXPLWHGLPHQVLXQLFRUSRUDOHvQvQWUHDJDSHULRDG 
GH FUHWHUH ([WHULRUL]DUHD DFHVWHL HQHUJLL DU IL FUHWHUHD WRWDO
DOHJUHXW

 VH H[SULP  SULQ YDORUL DEVROXWH

LLVDXGLPHQVLXQLORULGLIHU vQIXQF LHGHVSHFLHUDV LLQGLYLG

b)9LWH]D FUHWHULL UHSUH]LQW

 VSRUXO PDVHL D JUHXW

LL VDX GLPHQVLXQLORU vQ XQLWDWHD GH

WLPSVHH[SULP vQLQWHUYDOHVFXUWHGHWLPS]LOHV SW PkQLGHFDGHOXQL

9LWH]D FUHWHULL VH H[SULP  vQ FLIUH DEVROXWH SHQWUX FDUH PRWLY PDL HVWH FXQRVFXW   VXE
GHQXPLUHD YLWH]D DEVROXW  D FUHWHULL $SUHFLHUHD FUHWHULL SH ORWXUL GH LQGLYL]L VH FDOFXOHD] 
I FkQGPHGLDDFHVWRUVSRUXULH[SULPkQGX

-se prin "spor mediu", care poate fi zilnic sau lunar.

9LWH]DFUHWHULL9DVHFDOFXOHD] DVWIHO

Va =

Mm
t

n care:
9D

YLWH]DDEVROXW DFUHWHULL

P

YDORDUHDPDVHLODvQFHSXWXOSHULRDGHLXUP ULWHNJ

0

YDORDUHDPDVHLODVIkULWXODFHVWHLSHULRDGHNJ

, kg/zi;

= perioada de timp, zile.

Exemplu:
- *UHXWDWHDXQXL YL HOODQDWHUHD IRVWGHNJLDUODROXQ
SULPDOXQ GHYLD

Va =

42 25
= 0,566 kg ; sporul mediu zilnic este de 566 g.
30

*UHXWDWHDPHGLHODQDWHUHDXQXLORWGHPLHLDIRVWGHNJLDUODROXQDGHNJ6 

se determine Va.
Va =

GH NJ6  VH GHWHUPLQH9DvQ

10,100 3,500
= 0,220 kg; sporul mediu este de 220 g/zi.
30

/D XQ ORW GH SXUFHL JUHXWDWHD OD QDWHUH D IRVW vQ PHGLH SH LQGLYLG  NJ LDU OD R OXQ 
NJ9DvQSULPDOXQ YDIL

Va =

6,100 1,100
= 0,166 kg; sporul este de 166g/zi.
30

9LWH]DFUHWHULLGLIHU SHVSHFLLH[LVWkQGGLIHUHQ HLvQWUHUDVHLLQGLYL]L

3XWHPDSUHFLDIHOXOFXPVHGHVI RDU FUHWHUHDFRPSDUkQGGDWHOH RE LQXWHFXPHGLLDOH
VSRUXOXLDEVROXWGHFUHWHUHFDUDFWHULVWLFILHF UHLVSHFLLUDVHLFDWHJRULLGHYkUVW 

Concluzii:
-

UH]XOWDWHOH RE LQXWH VH vQFDGUHD] 

in limitele datelor medii citate de literatura de specialitate

VDX SRW IL VXSHULRDUH FHHD FH vQVHDPQ  F  SURFHVXO FUHWHULL VH GHVI RDU  LQ FRQGL LL

normale;
-

UH]XOWDWHOHSRWILPDL VODEHFDXUPDUHDGHILFLHQ HORUvQKU QLUH vQWUH LQHUH RULDSDUL LDXQ

WXOEXU UL DOH V Q W

FRUHVSXQ] WRDUHGHDPHOLRUDUHDORU

2=

YRL,LFRODE

or

LL Q DVHPHQHD VLWXD LL WUHEXLHVF DQDOL]DWH FDX]HOH L OXDWH P VXUL

c) ,QWHQVLWDWHDFUHWHULLVHH[SULP SULQYLWH]DUHODWLY DFUHWHULLLFRHILFLHQWXOFUHWHULL

Viteza relatLY DFUHWHULLUHSUH]LQW UDSRUWXO GLQWUHVSRUXODEVROXWUHDOL]DWvQWU-RDQXPLW 
SHULRDG  GH WLPS L YDORDUHD PDVHL OD vQFHSXWXO SHULRDGHL UHVSHFWLYH VH PDL SRDWH UDSRUWD OD
YDORDUHDPDVHLODMXP WDWHDSHULRDGHLFHUFHWDWH

Exprimarea se face n procente, folosindu-se formulele:

Vr =

Mm
100
m

n care:
9U

LQWHQVLWDWHDFUHWHULLH[SULPDW SULQYLWH]DUHODWLY DFUHWHULL

m = valoarea masei la nceputul perioadei, kg;

0

YDORDUHDPDVHLODVIkULWXOSHULRDGHLNJ

Folosind datele anterioDUHvQSULPDIRUPXO DYLWH]HLGHFUHWHUHRE LQHP

42 25
Vr =
100 = 68%
25
,QWHQVLWDWHDFUHWHULLGLIHU PXOWGHODRVSHFLHODDOWDGHODRUDV ODDOWDGHODXQLQGLYLG
ODDOWXOLFKLDUODDFHODLLQGLYLGvQIXQF LHGHYkUVW LQWHQVLWDWHDFUHWHULLHVWHPDUHODDQLPDOHOH
IRDUWHWLQHUHLGHVFUHWHSHP VXU FH DQLPDOHOHDMXQJODID]DGHDGXOW FkQG SUDFWLFLQWHQVLWDWHD

devine zero.
&RHILFLHQWXO GH FUHWHUH UHSUH]LQW  FDQWLWDWHD GH FUHWHUH UHDOL]DW  GH XQ RUJDQLVP vQWU
HWDS DFUHWHULLH[SULPDW vQSURFHQWHID

-o

GHYDORDUHDILQDO DGLF YDORDUHDSHFDUHWUHEXLHV R

UHDOL]H]HODYkUVWDDGXOW 

C=

Mt
100 ,
Mf

n care:
C
Mt
Mf

FRHILFLHQWXOFUHWHULL
YDORDUHDPDVHLODRDQXPLW HWDS DFUHWHULLNJ
YDORDUHDILQDO DFUHWHULLDGLF PHGLDYDORULLILQDOHDHOHPHQWXOXLXUP ULW
FDUDFWHULVWLFDQLPDOHORUDGXOWHGLQVSHFLDLUDVDUHVSHFWLY NJ

Exemplu:
2YDF DGXOW GLQUDVD% O DW URPkQHDVF DWLQJHJUHXWDWHDGHNJ
'DF ODQDWHUHYL HOXODUHNJFRHILFLHQWXOFUHWHULLYDIL

C=

25 100
500

DGLF DWkWDUHDOL]DWGLQFUHWHUHDWRWDO vQSHULRDGDYLH LLLQWUDXWHULQH

'DF ODOXQLDUHGHNJFRHILFLHQWXOFUHWHULLYDIL

C=

45 100
= 9% .
500

3. La 6 luni, atinge o greutate de 150 kg , iar coeficientul va fi:

C=

150 100
= 30%.
500

Cnd acest coeficient atinge valoarea de 70-75%, tineretul (de la toate speciile) poate fi
IRORVLWODUHSURGXF LH

d)

&XUED FUHWHULL HVWH UHSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF  D GHVI XU ULL SURFHVXOXL FUHWHULL FDUH

SRDWH H[SULPD ILH FUHWHUHD WRWDO  HQHUJLD GH FUHWHUH ILH SH DQXPLWH SHULRDGH SULQ 9D L
LQWHQVLWDWHDFUHWHULL
Q UHSUH]HQWDUHD JUDILF  VH WUHF SHULRDGHOH GHWHUPLQ ULORU SH OLQLD DEVFLVHORU L YDORULOH
FUHWHULLNJVDXFPSHO

inia ordonatelor.

&XUEDWHRUHWLF DFUHWHULLILJXUDVHH[SULP DVWIHO

-IRUPDOLWHUHL6DOXQJLWSHQWUXHQHUJLDGHFUHWHUH
-IRUPDGHSDUDERO SHQWUX9D
-IRUPDGHKLSHUERO SHQWUXLQWHQVLWDWHDH[SULPDW vQ9U

Fig. 1.17. ReprezentareaJUDILF

&
,

FXUEDFUHWHULLWRWDOH9

FXUEDLQWHQVLW

DFUHWHULL=

YRL,LDO LL

FXUEDYLWH]HLDEVROXWHFUHWHULL

LLFUHWHULLH[SULPDW SULQYLWH]DUHODWLY DFUHWHULL

Q SUDFWLF  UHSUH]HQW ULOH JUDILFH FDUH XUP UHVF FUHWHUHD HIHFWXDW  SH ED]D GDWHORU

existente la un moment dat ntr-RIHUP

WUHEXLHV VHvQFDGUH]HvQIRUPHOHFXUEHORUPHQ LRQDWH

6H REVHUY  GH RELFHL PRGLILF UL DOH FXUEHL FDUH UHSUH]LQW  LQWHQVLWDWHD FUHWHULL vQ
SULPHOH]LOHGXS I WDUHSHQWUXF DQLPDOHOHWLQHUHVFDGvQJUHXWDWHLPHGLDWGXS I WDUH
Q SULYLQ D GLPHQVLXQLORU FRUSRUDOH SURGXLL OD QDWHUH SUH]LQW  GLPHQVLXQLOH GH vQ O LPL
PDLELQHUHSUH]HQWDWHvQRUGLQHYHQLQGGLPHQVLXQLOHGHOXQJLPLXOWLPHOHILLQGO UJLPLOH
'DF  V

-ar exprima relativ dimensiunile exprimate mai sus, s-DU SXWHD WUDJH DFHDVW

FRQFOX]LHOX PGUHSWVXW GLPHQVLXQHDODQDWHUH

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGLYLGXDO

D6 VHFDOFXOH]H9D9UL&SHQWUXXQORWGHYL HLDF URUJUHXWDWHFRUSRUDO DIRVWvQPHGLHGH

- la nDWHUH NJ
-ODOXQ  NJ
- la 2 luni = 58,6kg
- la 3 luni = 79,6kg

- la 4 luni = 106,5kg
- la 5 luni = 127,7kg
- la 6 luni = 149,3kg

E6 VHFDOFXOH]HLQGLFLLFUHWHULLSHQWUXXQORWGHSXUFHLFDUHDXDYXWJUHXWDWHDPHGLHSH

-ODQDWHUH NJ
-ODOXQ  NJ
- la 2 luni =12,700kg
- la 3 luni =24,000kg

- la 4 luni
- la 5 luni
- la 6 luni
- la 7 luni

= 36,400kg
= 50,100kg
= 67,300kg
= 85,000kg

F6 VHFDOFXOH]HLQGLFLLFUHWHULLSHQWUXXQORWGHPLHLGLQUDVD

-ODQDWHUH
-ODV SW PkQ 
-ODV SW PkQL
-ODV SW PkQL

NJ ODV SW PkQL

NJ

SW PkQL

NJ

SW PkQL

NJ

NJ-ODV
NJ-ODV
NJ

XUFDQ 

vrste:

Lucrarea nr.1.7
$35(&,(5($&5(7(5,,&8$-87258/,1',&,/25&25325$/,

Indicii corporali VXQW YDORUL UHODWLYH DOH GLPHQVLXQLORU FH VH FRPSDU

 vQWUH HOH 'XS 

LQIRUPD LLOHSHFDUHOHGDXLQGLFLLFRUSRUDOLVHFODVLILF vQLQGLFLGHIRUPDWLQGLFLRU

ganici (sau

FRQVWLWX LRQDOLLLQGLFLGHFRQVWUXF LH

Indicii corporali se folosesc pentru caracterizarea unui grup de animale, deoarece

YDORDUHD ORU PHGLH QH G

 SDUWLFXODULW

LOH GH FRQIRUPD LH L FRQFRUGDQ D GLQWUH DFHVWHD L WLSXO

rasei.
1. Indicele formatului corporal lateral DGLF

 IRUPDWXO FRUSRUDO SULYLW GLQ SURILO DUDW 

UDSRUWXOvQWUHOXQJLPHDFRUSXOXLLvQ O LPHDODJUHDE Q

OXQJLPHDREOLF DWUXQFKLXOXL

i = -------------------------------------------- x100
vQ O LPHDODJUHDE Q

2. Indicele formatului corporal transversalLQGLF

UDSRUWXOGLQWUHO UJLPHDWUXQFKLXOXL

LvQ O LPHDODJUHDE Q

O UJLPHDWUXQFKLXOXL

i = ------------------------------- x100
vQ O LPHDODJUHDE Q

3. Indicele toracicUHSUH]LQW

UDSRUWXOGLQWUHO UJLPHDWUXQFKLXOXLVLD

dncimea lui:

O UJLPHDWRUDFHOXL

i = -------------------------------- x100
vQ O LPHDWRUDFHOXL

$FHVWDG LQIRUPD LLDVXSUDIRUPDWXOXLFDYLW

LLWRUDFLFHYDORULOHPDULLQGLFkQGXQWRUDFH

GH]YROWDWvQO UJLPH

4. Indicele adncimii toraceluiUHSUH]LQW

YDORDUHDUHODWLY DDGkQFLPLLWRUDFHOXL

adncimea toracelui
i = --------------------------------------- x100
vQ O LPHDODJUHDE Q

5. Indicele formatului crupei:

O UJLPHDFUXSHL

i = --------------------------------------- x100
OXQJLPHDFUXSHLODROGXUL

3HQWUXFDUDFWHUL]DUHDFRQIRUPD LHLFRUSRUDOHODS V ULVHFDOFXOHD] LQGLFLLFRUSRUDOLGXS 

P VXU WRULOHGLQILJXUD

)LJ0

VXU

WRULFRUSRUDOHODS

UL

A - /DJ LQL: 1- lungimea trunchiului; 2-P ULPHDED]LQXOXL-DGkQFLPHDDQWHULRDU a trunchiului.; 4-O UJLPHD

toracelui; 5- lung. pieptului; 6- lung. fluierului; 7- perimetrul fluierului; B - La palmipede 1-lung. trunchiului;
2-OXQJWUXQFKLXOXLLJkWXOXL- perimetrul toracic; 4- lung. pieptului; 5-lung. gambei; 6 - lung. fluierului;
7 -OXQJFLRFXOXL5XVX6LFRODE
$FHWLDVXQW

greutatea vie
indicele de masivitate = -------------------------- x100;
lungimea trunchiului
perimetrul toracic
indicele de compactitate = ------------------------------ x100;
lungimea trunchiului
O UJLPHDSLHSWXOXL

indicele toracic = ------------------------------------------- x100;

DGkQFLPHDDQWHULRDU DWUXQFKLXOXL

lungimea carenei , sternului

-------------------------------------- x100;
lungimea trunchiului

LQGLFHOHGH]YPXFKLORUSHFWRUDOL

O UJLPHDSLHSWXOXL

indicele bazino-toracic = --------------------------------- x100;

O UJLPHDED]LQXOXL

LQGLFHOHvQ O LPLLIOXLHUXOXL

LQGLFHOHRV WXULL

lungimea fluierului
-------------------------------- x100;
lungimea trunchiului

perimetrul fluierului
-------------------------------- x100.
perimetrul toracic

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGLYLGXDO

6  VH FDOFXOH]H LQGLFLL FUHWHULL XQXL ORW GH YL HL FXQRVFkQG GLPHQVLXQLOH vQ O LPHD OD
JUHDE QLOXQJLPHDREOLF DWUXQFKLXOXLGHODQDWHUHODOXQL

Vrsta
ODQDWHUH
OXQ

2 luni
3 luni
4 luni
5 luni
6 luni

Q O LPHDOD

/XQJLPHDREOLF D

/ UJLPHD

JUHDE QFP

trunchiului (cm)

toracelui (cm)

69,5
74,4
77,5
80,5
84,5
90,0
93,0

62,0
71,0
77,4
83,5
88,6
95,5
98,5

17,3
19,2
20,6
22,5
23,5
24,5
26,0

Lucrarea nr.1.8
,'(17,),&$5($35$&7,&

$',)(5,7(/25

7,385,'(&5(7(5(/$68,1(

1. Tipurile morfoproductive
7LSXULOHPRUIRSURGXFWLYHODVXLQHVXQWXUP WRDUHOHGHFDUQHEDFRQGHJU VLPHLPL[WH

(carne JU VLPH

a. Tipul de carne&RUSXOHGROLFRPRUIDGLF OXQJLSRWULYLWGHDGkQF/XQJLPHDFRUSXOXL
este mai mare dect perimetrul toracic cu 15-FP /LQLDVXSHULRDU DVSLQ ULLILJXUD  este
OXQJ  L GUHDSW  &UXSD HVWH RUL]RQWDO  XQFLOH VXQW ELQH GH]YROWate, fiind principalele regiuni
IXUQL]RDUH GH FDUQH GH SRUF /LQLD LQIHULRDU  D DEGRPHQXOXL HVWH FRUHFW  DGLF  HVWH DSURDSH
SDUDOHO  FX OLQLD VSLQ ULL &DYLWDWHD WRUDFLF  HVWH SURIXQG  FRDVWHOH VXQW OXQJL L RULHQWDWH PDL

napoi. Membrele sunt bine dezvoltate, destul de nalte.

3RWULYLW vQ DQVDPEOX WLSXO GH SRUFL SHQWUX SURGXF LD GH FDUQH DSDUH ]YHOW GDU vQ DFHODL

timp plin. Corpul privit din profil s-ar putea nscrie ntr-un dreptunghi. Tipul de carne are ca
reprezentant rasa Marele Alb .
Tipul morfologic de bacon HVWH DVHP Q WRU FX WLSXO GH FDUQH DYkQG vQV  R GH]YROWDUH L
PDLPDUHDWUXQFKLXOXLvQVSHFLDODS U LLPLMORFLLGDWRULW QXP UXOXLGHFRDVWHLGHYHUWHEUHvQ
SOXV ID

 GH FHOHODOWH WLSXUL &RUSXO DQLPDOXOXL DSDUH FD XQ FLOLQGUX PXOW DOX

ngit, cu linia

VXSHULRDU DFRUSXOXLGUHDSW LDUOLQLDLQIHULRDU DDEGRPHQXOXLSDUDOHO FXFHDVXSHULRDU $FHVW

WLSHUHSUH]HQWDWSULQUDVD/DQGUDFHVDXSULQPHWLLvQWUH/DQGUDFHL0DUHOH$OE

b. 7LSXO GH JU

VLPH &RUSXO HVWH PH]RPRUI ODUJ L DGkQF /XQJLPHD FRUSXOXL OXDW  FX

SDQJOLFD GH OD SURWXEHUDQ D RFFLSLWDO  OD ED]D FR]LL HVWH PDL PLF  GHFkW SHULPHWUXO WRUDFLF FX

16- FP FHHD FH GHQRW

 F  DQLPDOHOH DSDU LQkQG DFHVWXL WLS DX FRDVWHOH GH R FRQYH[LWDWH

SURQXQ DW 3ULYLWGLQSURILODQLPDOXODUHIRUPDWGHEXWRLGDWRULW WUHQXOXLPLMORFLXFDUHDUH

R GH]YROWDUH IRDUWH SURQXQ DW  vQ OXQJLPH L DGkQFLPH /LQLD VSLQ ULL HVWH XRU FRQYH[  L VH
FDUDFWHUL]HD]  vQ VSHFLDO SULQ O UJLPH PDUH FDUH HVWH GDW  GH GH]YROWDUHD DSRIL]HORU WUDQVYHUVH

aOH YHUWHEUHORU GRUVDOH FkW L GH FDQWLWDWHD PDUH GH JU

VLPH FDUH VH GHSXQH XQFLOH VXQW PDL

SX LQ GH]YROWDWH vQ FRPSDUD LH FX WLSXO GH FDUQH $EGRPHQXO HVWH YROXPLQRV ODUJ FX OLQLD
LQIHULRDU FRQYH[ QDFHDVW UHJLXQHVHGHSXQHRFDQWLWDWHPDUHGHJU VLPHRVkQ]D0HPEUHOH
VXQWPDLVFXUWHLDUDGkQFLPHDWUXQFKLXOXLHVWHSURQXQ DW 
3ULYLW LQ DQVDPEOX WLSXO GH JU VLPH DSDUH OD H[WHULRU FD XQ DQLPDO PDVLY ODUJ vQGHVDW
$FHVWWLSHVWHUHSUH]HQWDWODQRLvQ DU GHUDVD0DQJDOL DFXWRDWHYDULHW

c. Tipul mixt (carne JU

LOH

ei.

VLPH&RUSXODUHDVSHFWXOXQXLFLOLQGUXPDLVFXUWHVWHSRWULYLW

GH DGkQF L GH OXQJ /XQJLPHD FRUSXOXL L SHULPHWUXO WRUDFLF DSDU DSUR[LPDWLY HJDOH /LQLD
VSLQ ULL HVWH GUHDSW  XQFLOH VXQW QRUPDO GH]YROWDWH FHYD PDL SX LQ

dezvoltate ca la tipul de

FDUQH$EGRPHQXODUHRGH]YROWDUHSURSRU LRQDO LDUOLQLDLQIHULRDU HVWHXRUFXUEDW 0HPEUHOH

au lungime mijlocie.
3ULYLWvQDQVDPEOXH[WHULRUXODQLPDOXOXLSDUHDUPRQLRVGDWRULW IDSWXOXLF DWkWOXQJLPLOH
O UJLPLOHFkW LDGkQFLPLOH VXQW SURSRU LRQDO GH]YROWDWH $FHVWWLS HVWH UHSUH]HQWDW OD QRL vQ DU 

prin porcul de Bazna, rasa Alb mijlociu, Berk etc.

2. Tipurile de precocitate la suine
QIXQF LHGHSUHFRFLWDWHVXLQHOHVXQWSUHFRFHLWDUGLYH

a. Tipul precoce prezint

RYDULDELOLWDWHIRDUWHPDUHLVHFDUDFWHUL]HD] SULQXUP WRDUHOH

FRUSXO HVWH OXQJ ODUJ DGkQF FX R vPELQDUH D UHJLXQLORU GH H[WHULRU DUPRQLRDV  GH]YROWDWH
SURSRU LRQDO3 UXOHVWHUHSDUWL]DWXQLIRUP ILLQGFDUDFWHULVWLF UDVHL GLQFDUHIDFH SDUWHDQ

imalul.

&DSXO HVWH PLF VFXUW ILQ )UXQWHD HVWH ODUJ  7UXQFKLXO DGkQF HVWH GH RELFHL OXQJ FX IRUPDW
FLOLQGULF OLQLD VSLQ ULLHVWH GUHDSW  VDX SX LQFRQYH[  0HPEUHOHVXQW UHODWLY VFXUWH vQ UDSRUWFX

rasa.
3'LQX,LFRODE

Tipul precoce este reprezentat prin rasele Landrace, Pietrain, Marele Alb, Albul mijlociu,
Wessex, Micul Alb etc.
n general, tipul precoce are mai multe variante ca: foarte precoce (Micul Alb), precoce
/DQGUDFH0DUHOH$OELFXSUHFRFLWDWHPRGHUDW
(Bazna etc.).
b. Tipul tardiv VH FDUDFWHUL]HD]  SULQ XUP WRDUHOH FRUSXO DQLPDOXOXL HVWH WXUWLW ODWHUDO
LDU PXVFXODWXUD VODE GH]YROWDW  0HPEUHOH VXQW vQDOWH YLGXO VXEVWHUQDO HVWH PDUH L DGkQFLPHD
WRUDFHOXL PLF  S UXO HVWH DEXQGHQW L IRUPHD]  GH RELFHL R FRDP  SH OLQLD VXSHULRDU  D

corpului. Corpul este mare, lung, cu profil drept, oasele sunt proeminente, rtul este alungit,
FRQLF IUXQWHD HVWH VWUkPW  RFKLL VXQW PLFL REOLFL 7UXQFKLXO HVWH GH P ULPH PLMORFLH VDX PDUH
ILLQG vQ IXQF LH GH UDV  $EGRPHQXO HVWH VXSW GH RJDU XQFLOH VXQW VODE G

ezvoltate cu razele

RVRDVH HYLGHQWH /LQLD VXSHULRDU  HVWH FRQYH[  FUXSD WHLW  vQ JHQHUDO WUHQXO DQWHULRU HVWH PDL

dezvoltat.
([HPSOX GHWLSWDUGLYHVWHUDVD 6WRFOLGDULvQ FDGUXOFHORUODOWH UDVHSHUIHF LRQDWHH[LVW 

indivizi mai tardivi care se pre]LQW

DDFXPV

-a descris mai sus.

c
Fig. 1.19. Formatul corporal la suine:
a VSLQDUHGUHDSW EVSLQDUHFRQFDY FVSLQDUHDVFX LW

GHFUDS

'LQX0L6HYDVWLD2SUHVFX

6DUFLQLSHQWUXPXQFDLQGLYLGXDO
6 VHLGHQWLILFHWLSXULOH



morfoproductive pe exemplarele din ferma proprie.