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Index
1. Theory
2. Short Revision
3. Exercise (Ex. 1 to 5)
4. Assertion & Reason (Download Extra File)
5. Que. from Compt. Exams
6. 34 Yrs. Que. from IIT-JEE
7. 10 Yrs. Que. from AIEEE
Subject : Mathematics
Topic : Trigonometric Ratio & Identity
Students Name :______________________
Class :______________________
Roll No. :______________________
STUDY PACKAGE
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ADDRESS: R-1, Opp. Raiway Track,
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Trigonometric Ratios
& Identities
1. 1. 1. 1. Basi c Tri gonometri c I dentiti es: Basi c Tri gonometri c I dentiti es: Basi c Tri gonometri c I dentiti es: Basi c Tri gonometri c I dentiti es:
(a) sin

+ cos

= 1; 1 sin 1; 1 cos 1 R
(b) sec

tan

= 1 ; sec

1 R ( )
)
`

+ n ,
2
1 n 2
(c) cosec

cot

= 1 ; cosec

1 R { } n , n
Solved Example # 1
Prove that
(i) cos
4
A sin
4
A + 1 = 2 cos
2
A
(ii)
1 A sec A tan
1 A sec A tan
+
+
=
A cos
A sin 1+
Solution
(i) cos
4
A sin
4
A + 1
= (cos
2
A sin
2
A) (cos
2
A + sin
2
A) + 1
= cos
2
A sin
2
A + 1 [ cos
2
A + sin
2
A = 1]
= 2 cos
2
A
(ii)
1 A sec A tan
1 A sec A tan
+
+
=
1 A sec A tan
) A tan A (sec A sec A tan
2 2
+
+
=
1 A sec A tan
) A tan A sec 1 )( A sec A (tan
+
+ +
= tan A + sec A =
A cos
A sin 1+
Solved Example # 2
If sin x + sin
2
x = 1, then find the value of
cos
12
x + 3 cos
10
x + 3 cos
8
x + cos
6
x 1
Solution
cos
12
x + 3 cos
10
x + 3 cos
8
x + cos
6
x 1
= (cos
4
x + cos
2
x)
3
1
= (sin
2
x + sinx)
3
1 [ cos
2
x = sin x]
= 1 1 = 0
Solved Example # 3
If tan = m
m 4
1
, then show that sec tan = 2m or
m 2
1
Solution
Depending on quadrant in which falls, sec can be
m 4
1 m 4
2
+
So, if sec =
m 4
1 m 4
2
+
= m +
m 4
1
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sec tan =
m 2
1
and if sec =
|

\
|
+
m 4
1
m
sec tan = 2m
Self Practice Problem
1. Prove the followings :
(i) cos
6
A + sin
6
A + 3 sin
2
A cos
2
A = 1
(ii) sec
2
A + cosec
2
A = (tan A + cot A)
2
(iii) sec
2
A cosec
2
A = tan
2
A + cot
2
A + 2
(iv) (tan + cosec )
2
(cot sec )
2
= 2 tan cot (cosec + sec )
(v)
|

\
|

+

2 2 2 2
sin ec cos
1
cos sec
1
cos
2
sin
2
=
+

2 2
2 2
cos sin 2
cos sin 1
2. If sin =
2 2
2
n 2 mn 2 m
mn 2 m
+ +
+
, then prove that tan =
2
2
n 2 mn 2
mn 2 m
+
+
2 . 2 . 2 . 2 . Ci r cul ar Def i ni t i on Of Tr i gonomet r i c Funct i ons: Ci r cul ar Def i ni t i on Of Tr i gonomet r i c Funct i ons: Ci r cul ar Def i ni t i on Of Tr i gonomet r i c Funct i ons: Ci r cul ar Def i ni t i on Of Tr i gonomet r i c Funct i ons:
sin =
OP
PM
cos =
OP
OM
tan =

cos
sin
, cos 0
cot =

sin
cos
, sin 0
sec =
cos
1
, cos 0 cosec =
sin
1
, sin 0
3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . Tr i gonomet r i c Funct i ons Of Al l i ed Angl es: Tr i gonomet r i c Funct i ons Of Al l i ed Angl es: Tr i gonomet r i c Funct i ons Of Al l i ed Angl es: Tr i gonomet r i c Funct i ons Of Al l i ed Angl es:
If is any angle, then , 90 , 180 , 270 , 360 etc. are called ALLIED ANGLES.
(a) sin ( ) = sin

; cos ( ) = cos

(b) sin (90 ) = cos

; cos (90 ) = sin

(c) sin (90+ ) = cos

; cos (90+ ) = sin

(d) sin (180 ) = sin

; cos (180 ) = cos

(e) sin (180+ ) = sin

; cos (180+ ) = cos

(f) sin (270 ) = cos

; cos (270 ) = sin

(g) sin (270+ ) = cos

; cos (270+ ) = sin

(h) tan (90 ) = cot

; cot (90 ) = tan

Solved Example # 4
Prove that
(i) cot A + tan (180 + A) + tan (90 + A) + tan (360 A) = 0
(ii) sec (270 A) sec (90 A) tan (270 A) tan (90 + A) + 1 = 0
Solution
(i) cot A + tan (180 + A) + tan (90 + A) + tan (360 A)
= cot A + tan A cot A tan A = 0
(ii) sec (270 A) sec (90 A) tan (270 A) tan (90 + A) + 1
= cosec
2
A + cot
2
A + 1 = 0
Self Practice Problem
3. Prove that
(i) sin 420 cos 390 + cos (300) sin (330) = 1
(ii) tan 225 cot 405 + tan 765 cot 675 = 0
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4 44 4. .. . Graphs of Trigonometric functions: Graphs of Trigonometric functions: Graphs of Trigonometric functions: Graphs of Trigonometric functions:
(a) y = sin x x R; y [1, 1]
(b) y = cos x x R; y [ 1, 1]
(c) y = tan x x R (2n + 1) /2, n ; y R
(d) y = cot x x R n , n ; y R
(e) y = cosec x x R n , n ; y ( , 1] [1, )
(f) y = sec x x R (2n + 1) /2, n ; y ( , 1] [1, )
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Solved Example # 5
Find number of solutions of the equation cos x = |x|
Solution
Clearly graph of cos x & |x| intersect at two points. Hence no. of solutions is 2
Solved Example # 6
Find range of y = sin
2
x + 2 sin x + 3 x R
Solution
We know 1 sin x 1
0 sin x +1 2
2 (sin x +1)
2
+ 2 6
Hence range is y [2, 6]
Self Practice Problem
4. Show that the equation sec
2
=
2
) y x (
xy 4
+
is only possible when x = y 0
5. Find range of the followings.
(i) y = 2 sin
2
x + 5 sin x +1 x R Answer [2, 8]
(ii) y = cos
2
x cos x + 1 x R Answer (

3 ,
4
3
6. Find range of y = sin x, x (

2
3
2
Answer
(
(

2
3
, 1
5 55 5. .. . Trigonometric Functions of Sum or Difference of Two Angles: Trigonometric Functions of Sum or Difference of Two Angles: Trigonometric Functions of Sum or Difference of Two Angles: Trigonometric Functions of Sum or Difference of Two Angles:
(a) sin (A B) = sinA cosB cosA sinB
(b) cos (A B) = cosA cosB sinA sinB
(c) sinA sinB = cosB cosA = sin (A+B). sin (A B)
(d) cosA sinB = cosB sinA = cos (A+B). cos (A

B)
(e) tan

(A B) =
B tan A tan 1
B tan A tan

(f) cot (A B) =
A cot B cot
1 B cot A cot

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(g) tan (A + B + C) =
A tan C tan C tan B tan B tan A tan 1
C tan B tan A tan C tan B tan A tan

+ +
.
Solved Example # 7
Prove that
(i) sin (45 + A) cos (45 B) + cos (45 + A) sin (45 B) = cos (A B)
(ii) tan
|

\
|
+

4
tan
|

\
|
+

4
3
= 1
Solution
(i) Clearly sin (45 + A) cos (45 B) + cos (45 + A) sin (45 B)
= sin (45 + A + 45 B)
= sin (90 + A B)
= cos (A B)
(ii) tan
|

\
|
+

4
tan
|

\
|
+

4
3
=

+
tan 1
tan 1

+
+
tan 1
tan 1
= 1
Self Practice Problem
7. If sin =
5
3
, cos =
13
5
, then find sin ( + ) Answer
65
33
,
65
63
8. Find the value of sin 105 Answer
2 2
1 3 +
9. Prove that 1 + tan A tan
2
A
= tan A cot
2
A
1 = sec A
6 66 6 . .. . Fact or i sat i on of t he Sum or Di f f er ence of Two Si nes or Fact or i sat i on of t he Sum or Di f f er ence of Two Si nes or Fact or i sat i on of t he Sum or Di f f er ence of Two Si nes or Fact or i sat i on of t he Sum or Di f f er ence of Two Si nes or
C o s i n e s : C o s i n e s : C o s i n e s : C o s i n e s :
(a) sinC + sinD = 2 sin
2
D C+
cos
2
D C
(b) sinC sinD = 2 cos
2
D C+
sin
2
D C
(c) cosC + cosD = 2 cos
2
D C+
cos
2
D C
(d) cosC

cosD =

2 sin
2
D C+

sin
2
D C
Solved Example # 8
Prove that sin 5A + sin 3A = 2sin 4A cos A
Solution
L.H.S. sin 5A + sin 3A = 2sin 4A cos A = R.H.S.
[ sin C + sin D = 2 sin
2
D C+
cos
2
D C
]
Solved Example # 9
Find the value of 2 sin 3 cos sin 4 sin 2
Solution
2 sin 3 cos sin 4 sin 2 = 2 sin 3 cos [2 sin 3 cos ] = 0
Self Practice Problem
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10. Proved that
(i) cos 8x cos 5x = 2 sin
2
x 13
sin
2
x 3
(ii)
A 2 cos A cos
A 2 sin A sin

+
= cot
2
A
(iii)
A 7 cos A 5 cos A 3 cos A cos
A 7 sin A 5 sin A 3 sin A sin
+ + +
+ + +
= tan 4A
(iv)
A 7 sin A 5 sin 2 A 3 sin
A 5 sin A 3 sin 2 A sin
+ +
+ +
=
A 5 sin
A 3 sin
(v)
A 13 cos A 9 cos A 5 cos A cos
A 13 sin A 9 sin A 5 sin A sin
+
+
= cot 4A
7 77 7. .. . Tr ansfor mat i on of Pr oducts i nto Sum or Di f fer ence of Si nes & Tr ansfor mat i on of Pr oducts i nto Sum or Di f fer ence of Si nes & Tr ansfor mat i on of Pr oducts i nto Sum or Di f fer ence of Si nes & Tr ansfor mat i on of Pr oducts i nto Sum or Di f fer ence of Si nes &
Cosi nes Cosi nes Cosi nes Cosi nes : :: :
(a) 2 sinA cosB = sin(A+B) + sin(AB) (b) 2 cosA sinB = sin(A+B) sin(AB)
(c) 2 cosA cosB = cos(A+B) + cos(AB) (d) 2 sinA sinB = cos(AB) cos(A+B)
Solved Example # 10
Prove that
(i)


4 sin 3 sin cos 2 cos
3 cos 6 sin cos 8 sin
= tan 2
(ii)

+
3 tan 5 tan
3 tan 5 tan
= 4 cos 2 cos 4
Solution
(i)


4 sin 3 sin 2 cos 2 cos 2
3 cos 6 sin 2 cos 8 sin 2
=
+ +
+
7 cos cos cos 3 cos
3 sin 9 sin 7 sin 9 sin
=


2 cos 5 cos 2
5 cos 2 sin 2
= tan 2
(ii)

+
3 tan 5 tan
3 tan 5 tan
=

+
5 cos 3 sin 3 cos 5 sin
5 cos 3 sin 3 cos 5 sin
=

2 sin
8 sin
= 4 cos2 cos 4
Self Practice Problem
11. Prove that sin
2

sin
2
7
+ sin
2
3
sin
2
11
= sin 2 sin 5
12. Prove that cos A sin (B C) + cos B sin (C A) + cos C sin (A B) = 0
13. Prove that 2 cos
13

cos
13
9
+ cos
13
3
+ cos
13
5
= 0
8 88 8. .. . Mul tiple and Sub- multi ple Angles : Mul tiple and Sub- multi ple Angles : Mul tiple and Sub- multi ple Angles : Mul tiple and Sub- multi ple Angles :
(a) sin 2A = 2 sinA cosA ; sin

= 2 sin

2
cos

2
(b) cos 2A = cosA sinA = 2cosA

1 = 1 2 sinA; 2 cos
2

= 1 + cos

, 2 sin
2

= 1 cos

.
(c) tan 2A =
A tan 1
A tan 2
2

; tan

=
2
2
2
tan 1
tan 2

(d) sin 2A =
A tan 1
A tan 2
2
+
, cos 2A =
A tan 1
A tan 1
2
2
+

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(e) sin 3A = 3 sinA

4 sin
3
A (f) cos 3A = 4 cos
3
A 3 cosA
(g) tan 3A =
A tan 3 1
A tan A tan 3
2
3

Solved Example # 11
Prove that
(i)
A 2 cos 1
A 2 sin
+
= tan A
(ii) tan A + cot A = 2 cosec 2 A
(iii)
) B A cos( B cos A cos 1
) B A cos( B cos A cos 1
+ +
+ +
= tan
2
A
cot
2
B
Solution
(i) L.H.S.
A 2 cos 1
A 2 sin
+
=
A cos 2
A cos A sin 2
2
= tan A
(ii) L.H.S. tan A + cot A =
A tan
A tan 1
2
+
= 2
|
|

\
|
+
A tan 2
A tan 1
2
=
A 2 sin
2
= 2 cosec 2 A
(iii) L.H.S.
) B A cos( B cos A cos 1
) B A cos( B cos A cos 1
+ +
+ +
=
|

\
|
+
|

\
|
+ +
B
2
A
cos
2
A
cos 2
2
A
cos 2
B
2
A
sin
2
A
sin 2
2
A
sin 2
2
2
= tan
2
A

(
(
(
(

\
|
+
|

\
|
+ +
B
2
A
cos
2
A
cos
B
2
A
sin
2
A
sin
= tan
2
A
(
(
(
(

\
| +
|

\
| +
2
B
sin
2
B A
sin 2
2
B
cos
2
B A
sin 2
= tan
2
A
cot
2
B
Self Practice Problem
14. Prove that
+ +
+
2 cos cos 1
2 sin sin
= tan
15. Prove that sin 20 sin 40 sin 60 sin 80 =
16
3
16. Prove that tan 3A tan 2A tan A = tan 3A tan 2A tan A
17. Prove that tan
|

\
|
+
2
A
45
= sec A + tan A
9 99 9. .. . Important Trigonometri c Rati os: Important Trigonometri c Rati os: Important Trigonometri c Rati os: Important Trigonometri c Rati os:
(a) sin n

= 0 ; cos n

= (1)
n
; tan n

= 0, where n
9

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(b) sin 15or sin
12

=
2 2
1 3
= cos 75 or cos
12
5
;
cos 15or cos
12

=
2 2
1 3+
= sin 75 or sin
12
5
;
tan

15=
1 3
1 3
+

= 3 2 = cot 75; tan

75=
1 3
1 3

+
= 3 2+ = cot 15
(c) sin
10

or sin 18=
4
1 5
& cos 36or cos
5

=
4
1 5+
1 0 . 1 0 . 1 0 . 1 0 . Condi t i onal I dent i t i es Condi t i onal I dent i t i es Condi t i onal I dent i t i es Condi t i onal I dent i t i es: :: :
If A + B + C = then :
(i) sin2A + si n2B + sin2C = 4 sinA sinB sinC
(ii) sinA + sinB + sinC = 4 cos
2
A
cos
2
B
cos
2
C
(iii) cos 2

A + cos 2

B + cos 2

C = 1 4 cos A cos B cos C
(iv) cos A + cos B + cos C = 1 + 4 sin
2
A
sin
2
B
sin
2
C
(v) tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC
(vi) tan
2
A
tan
2
B
+ tan
2
B
tan
2
C
+ tan
2
C
tan
2
A
= 1
(vii) cot
2
A
+ cot
2
B
+ cot
2
C
= cot
2
A
. cot
2
B
. cot
2
C
(viii) cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1
(ix) A + B + C =

2
then tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A = 1
Solved Example # 12
If A + B + C = 180, Prove that, sin
2
A + sin
2
B + sin
2
C = 2 + 2cosA cosB cosC.
Solution.
Let S = sin
2
A + sin
2
B + sin
2
C
so that 2S = 2sin
2
A + 1 cos2B +1 cos2C
= 2 sin
2
A + 2 2cos(B + C) cos(B C)
= 2 2 cos
2
A + 2 2cos(B + C) cos(B C)
S = 2 + cosA [cos(B C) + cos(B+ C)]
since cosA = cos(B+C)
S = 2 + 2 cos A cos B cos C
Solved Example # 13
If x + y + z = xyz, Prove that
2
x 1
x 2

+
2
y 1
y 2

+
2
z 1
z 2

=
2
x 1
x 2

.
2
y 1
y 2

.
2
z 1
z 2

.
Solution.
Put x = tanA, y = tanB and z = tanC,
so that we have
tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC A + B + C = n, where n
Hence
L.H.S.
1
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2
x 1
x 2

+ 2
y 1
y 2

+
2
z 1
z 2

=
A tan 1
A tan 2
2

+
B tan 1
B tan 2
2

+
C tan 1
C tan 2
2

.
= tan2A + tan2B + tan2C [ [[ [ A + B + C = n ]
= tan2A tan2B tan2C
=
2
x 1
x 2

. 2
y 1
y 2

.
2
z 1
z 2

Self Practice Problem

18. If A + B + C = 180, prove that
(i) sin(B + 2C) + sin(C + 2A) + sin(A + 2B) = 4sin
2
C B
sin
2
A C
sin
2
B A
(ii)
C sin B sin A sin
C 2 sin B 2 sin A 2 sin
+ +
+ +
= 8 sin
2
A
sin
2
B
sin
2
C
.
19. If A + B + C = 2S, prove that
(i) sin(S A) sin(S B) + sinS sin (S C) = sinA sinB.
(ii) sin(S A) + sin (S B) + sin(S C) sin S = 4sin
2
A
sin
2
B
sin
2
C
.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . .. . Range Range Range Range o oo of Trigonometric Expression f Trigonometric Expression f Trigonometric Expression f Trigonometric Expression: :: :
E = a sin

+ b cos

E =
2 2
b a + sin ( + ), where tan =
a
b
=
2 2
b a + cos ( ), where tan =
b
a
Hence for any real value of ,
2 2 2 2
b a E b a + +
Solved Example # 14
Find maximum and minimum values of following :
(i) 3sinx + 4cosx
(ii) 1 + 2sinx + 3cos
2
x
Solution.
(i) We know

2 2
4 3 + 3sinx + 4cosx
2 2
4 3 +
5 3sinx + 4cosx 5
(ii) 1+ 2sinx + 3cos
2
x
= 3sin
2
x + 2sinx + 4
= 3
|

\
|

3
x sin 2
x sin
2
+ 4
= 3
2
3
1
x sin |

\
|

+
3
13
Now 0
2
3
1
x sin |

\
|

9
16

3
16
3
2
3
1
x sin |

\
|

0
1
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1 3
2
3
1
x sin |

\
|

+
3
13

3
13
Self Practice Problem
20. Find maximum and minimum values of following
(i) 3 + (sinx 2)
2
Answer max = 12, min = 4.
(ii) 10cos
2
x 6sinx cosx + 2sin
2
x Answer max = 11, min = 1.
(iii) cos + 3 2 sin
|

\
|
+
4
+ 6 Answer max = 11, min = 1
1 11 1 2 22 2 . .. . Sine Sine Sine Sine a aa and Cosine Series nd Cosine Series nd Cosine Series nd Cosine Series: :: :
sin

+ sin

( + ) + sin

( + 2 ) +...... + sin ( ) + 1 n =
2
2
n
sin
sin

sin

|

\
|

+
2
1 n
cos

+ cos

( + ) + cos

( + 2 ) +...... + cos ( ) + 1 n =
2
2
n
sin
sin

cos

|

\
|

+
2
1 n
Solved Example # 15
Find the summation of the following
(i) cos
7
2
+ cos
7
4
+ cos
7
6
(ii) cos
7

+ cos
7
2
+ cos
7
3
+ cos
7
4
+ cos
7
5
+ cos
7
6
(iii) cos
11

+ cos
11
3
+ cos
11
5
+ cos
11
7
+ cos
11
9
Solution.
(i) cos
7
2
+ cos
7
4
+ cos
7
6
=
7
sin
7
3
sin
2
7
6
7
2
cos

\
|
+

=
7
sin
7
3
sin
7
4
cos

=
7
sin
7
3
sin
7
3
cos

=
7
sin 2
7
6
sin

=
2
1
(ii) cos
7

+ cos
7
2
+ cos
7
3
+ cos
7
4
+ cos
7
5
+ cos
7
6
1
2

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=
14
sin
14
6
sin
2
7
6
7
cos

|
|
|
|

\
|
+

=
14
sin
14
6
sin
2
cos

= 0
(iii) cos
11

+ cos
11
3
+ cos
11
5
+ cos
11
7
+ cos
11
9
=
11
sin
11
5
sin
22
10
cos

=
11
sin 2
11
10
sin

=
2
1
Self Practice Problem
Find sum of the following series :
21. cos
1 n 2 +

+ cos
1 n 2
3
+

+ cos
1 n 2
5
+

+ ...... + to n terms. Answer

2
1
22. sin2 + sin3 + sin4 + ..... + sin n, where (n + 2) = 2 Answer 0.